7.

5
Emotional
Intelligence
WHAT IS EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE?

• Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability

to manage one’s own and others’ emotions and
feelings.
• It is about how you manage your own behaviour
(actions) and your behaviour with others when
you feel emotions, such as fear, anger, or any
other.
• Emotional intelligence is a type of intelligence
that is related to the emotional side of an
individual.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

The idea of emotional intelligence is not new. The phenomenon of emotional

intelligence has evolved with mankind. It is as old as time.

• Charles Darwin (1809–1882), the English biologist who discovered

evolution by natural selection and wrote the Origin of Species in 1859,
discussed the importance of emotional expression for survival and second
adaptation.
• In the 20th century, Edward Lee Thorndike (1911) talked about
something he called ‘social intelligence’. Sigmund Freud (1921) asserted
that ideas are repressed only because they are connected with the
liberation of emotions. Louis Leon Thurstone (1927) formulated a model
of multiple intelligences.
• The work of R.W. Leeper (1948) on emotions is a good source of
information. David Wex Wechsler (1940), the father of IQ, discussed the
non-intellective aspects.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

• Humanistic psychologist, Abraham Maslow, in his 1954 book, Motivation

and Personality described how people can build emotional strength.
• In 1966, Leunen published a paper on emotional intelligence and
emancipation (Sparrow and Knight, 2006). In 1974, Claude Steiner
published his first article on Emotional Literacy.
• Howard Gardner introduced the concept of multiple intelligences in 1983
in The Shattered Mind. In the same year, Reuven Bar-On began a study of
emotional intelligence as part of his doctoral program at Rhodes
University, South Africa.
• The concepts of ‘emotional work’ and ‘emotional labour’ were first
introduced by Arlie Hochschild in the same year. Six years later, research
began looking at emotional expression and its importance in
organizational psychology.
SALIENT FEATURES OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

The phenomenon of emotional intelligence has many crucial aspects that can be
discussed by following salient features.
1) Emotional Intelligence is Unique
2) Complexity of Emotional Intelligence
3) Emotional Intelligence is Multidimensional
4) Emotional Intelligence and Social Intelligence
5) Emotional Intelligence Predicts Performance by Using Systems Thinking
6) Emotional Intelligence is Measurable
7) Holistic Emotional Intelligence
8) Emotional Intelligence and the Individual
9) EI is Always Evolving Over Time: Can Be Learnt and Developed
10) Emotional Intelligence is Broader Than IQ
11) Emotional Intelligence and Human Needs
SALIENT FEATURES OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

The phenomenon of emotional intelligence has many crucial aspects that can be
discussed by following salient features.
1) Emotional Intelligence is Unique
2) Complexity of Emotional Intelligence
3) Emotional Intelligence is Multidimensional
4) Emotional Intelligence and Social Intelligence
5) Emotional Intelligence Predicts Performance by Using Systems Thinking
6) Emotional Intelligence is Measurable
7) Holistic Emotional Intelligence
8) Emotional Intelligence and the Individual
9) EI is Always Evolving Over Time: Can Be Learnt and Developed
10) Emotional Intelligence is Broader Than IQ
11) Emotional Intelligence and Human Needs
WHY IS EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IMPORTANT?

(a) Self-emotional awareness and management

(b) Better assessment of others’ behaviour
(c) Development of human potential and performance
(d) Successful relationship management at home, work and society
(e) Effective teamwork
(f) Inspirational leadership
(g) Job satisfaction
(h) Organizational development and performance excellence
(i) Creativity and innovation
(j) Whole educational development
(k) Stress reduction and management
(l) Thinking skills development
(m) Conflict handling
COMPONENTS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

• Self-emotional skills are the capabilities of an individual related to

innate emotional intelligence, which can be very high or low from
birth in a person. These are related to understanding yourself, your
goals, intentions, responses, behaviour and such.
• Although most of the previous models of emotional intelligence have
included these abilities, they have missed dimensions such as self-
confidence, self-discipline and intentionality and so on.
• The KCEI model includes the following eight self-emotional skills
that are indispensable for self-consciousness and self-awareness in
an individual in order to develop emotional intelligence—emotional
self-awareness, emotional discipline, emotional assertiveness,
emotional independence, emotional resilience, intentionality and
self-regard.
COMPONENTS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

• Emotional self-awareness is the fundamental foundation of

emotional intelligence. It refers to the awareness of the self by
recognizing one’s emotions or feelings as it happens.
• What makes one happy or sad? It is the basis of personal identity. It
is looking inside and is related to knowing one’s inner circle, internal
state, emotions and their effects. It includes paying attention to
oneself by becoming one’s objective evaluators, recognizing one’s
personality, one’s likes and dislikes and strengths and weaknesses.
• Self-awareness means that one is in touch with one’s body and
emotional state at the moment. A person who is self-aware has a
better life and developing self-knowledge or awareness can help to
recognize the fact when we are stressed/under pressure or relaxed.
INTRAPERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

• Emotional intelligence can be learned, developed and enhanced.

Intelligence is potential capabilities. This dimension of emotional
intelligence is related to developing the human potential and
performance.
• Human performance and potential are very much dependent on
what you perceive yourself to be, because your outer world depends
on your inner cosmos. Your ability to acquire and perceive human
capabilities to improve performance depends on your emotional
intelligence.
INTRAPERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

• Intrapersonal development capabilities encompass the capability to take

responsibility and initiative for personal performance and development
(conscientiousness), ability to realize one’s potential and capabilities (self-
actualization), to make something new that involves the generation of new
ideas, concepts, thinking, problem-solving, approaches and actions,
(creativity1), to acquire knowledge with reason; to identity the gut feeling and
to believe and act on it (intuition), skills to understand non-verbal clues (facial
expression and body language) in people (body intelligence), to reflect on
experiences and to learn from it (reflective learning), wisdom and maturity from
real-life experiences; logical knowledge and skills through formal education,
training and experience (human capital and cognitive intelligence), and the
ability and skills to struggle for superiority or victory among rivals and
competing persons (human contestability2).
• Thus, the human intrapersonal development capabilities dimension of
emotional intelligence includes various interdependent factors and the
relationships of these factors vary from individual to individual.
MANAGEMENT EXCELLENCE

• Management excellence is related to relationship management. It is

concerned with regards for and awareness of others.
• Management excellence consists of knowing and handling other people’s
emotions, feelings and concerns; the ability to motivate, influence and
inspire others; team building; skills of leading and confronting others;
helping others to develop their abilities and taking care of their
developmental needs; ability to bond (sharing hopes, fears and
vulnerability), collaborate and facilitate with others; skills and knowledge
in conflict management and objectivity (adopting a third person’s
perspective), the ability to appreciate or criticize others’ actions; and
compassion, tolerance of differences and commitment.
• Thus, all these factors are interconnected and they overlap in the
development of emotional intelligence and in its use to handle
relationships successfully in personal life, at work and elsewhere.
STRATEGIES TO DEVELOP EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

1) Neuro-linguistic Programming (NLP)

2) Emotional Literacy
3) Language of Emotions
4) Establishing Caring and Supportive Relationships
5) Emotional Validation
6) Active Engagement
7) Higher-order Thinking Skills
8) Empowerment through Feedback
9) Developing Regards
10)Body Awareness
Thank You