Commentary: USA

A, History

- Back in the 9th century, America used to be refered as Vinland, and being
extensively refered to in the 13th-century Norse Vinland saga, indicating that
the Norse might be the first race that actually took the first step on North
America nowadays, half a millienium before Chirstopher Colombus
- Italian explorer Christopher Colombus, during his expeditions which begun
in 1492 later found out this land, and set the foundation for European
settlements later on,especially England.
- The first successful English settlements was set in 1607 called Jamestown,
and has set the stage for England to continue on rampage, setting up more
Colonies along the West Coast.
- In 1763, The American Revolution begun, Taking advantage of the end of
the Seven Years War with many colonies objected their place in the British
Empire
- In 1784, The first Industrial Revolution occurred, which brought huge
impact on the America economy, science, etc…
- After 80 years of the new nation, on April 12th, 1861, the South fired on Fort
Sumter, signaling the start of The Civil War, devastating the nations for
another 4 years.
- Without having to suffered from the WWI (1914-1918), America quickly
grown steadily in stature to become the world’s biggest economy, political
and military superpower at the time.
- - The Great Depression striked the World in 1929, and cause a massive
wrekage in America’s economy, and the situation kept getting worse until
President Franklin D.Roosevelt promulgate the First New Deal and the
Second New Deal Policy, countinously from 1929-1933 and 1935-
1936, and hence put an end to the dire situation.
- In 1939, WWII begun, but it was not until 1941, after the attack on Pearl
Harbor America officially joinned the Allied. Before the event, The country
only pledging full-scale support on financial, muinitions and foods to the
Allied without military personel. Also, at the end of the war, two nuclear
bombs was drop in Hiroshima and Nagasaki of Japan, decimated the two
cities. This not only signal the end of the war itself, but also a full-scale
 demonstration of the power America possessed at the time, and deemed the
country itself, the most powerful nation.
- The Truman Doctrine in May 22nd, 1947 marked the start of the Cold War,
raising the tension between the two superpowers at the time, which is
America and The Soviet Union, while also put these two countries in an
arms race. But they never have a direct war, instead intercepted in regions
like Vietnam, Korea and Middle East.
- The war only ends when the situation of the world starting to shift the
balance, when a new order post-Cold War which makes the two countries
start to fall off in terms of power. The war officially ended in 1991, with the
fall of The Soviet Onion.
- With Soviet Union dissapeared, America becomes the sole superpower in
the world, and began expanding its power with the foundation of NATO,
America became the leading military involvement in Middle East, most
notably Afghanistan and Iraq.

B, Geographic Features.
- The U.S. borders both the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans and is
bordered by Canada and Mexico. It is the third-largest country in the world by area
and has a varied topography. The eastern regions consist of hills and low
mountains, while the central interior is a vast plain (called the Great Plains region).
The west has high rugged mountain ranges (some of which are volcanic in the
Pacific Northwest). Alaska also features rugged mountains as well as river valleys.
Hawaii's landscape varies but is dominated by volcanic topography.
- Climate: Mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska,
semi-arid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great
Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated
occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern
slopes of the Rocky Mountains.
- Terrain: Vast central plain, mountains in the west, hills and low mountains in the
east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic
topography in Hawaii
- Major cities: There are currently 9 cities in the US with a population over 1
million people. They are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Phoenix,
Philadelphia, San Antonio, San Diego and Dallas.
 - New York is the largest city in the U.S. by population. It had a population of more
than 8.4 million, according to 2021 Census figures. And the largest city in area is
Sitka, Alaska.The city spans 2187 square miles of incorporated area.
C, Languages.
- Although The USA does not have an official language,the most commonly used
one are English, American English to be precised. The majority of foreign
language speakers in the U.S. are bilingual or multilingual, and they commonly
speak English. Also,many American use English at home, at approximately 78.5%
of population. Aside to that, Spanish is the second most spoken language, at
13.2% of the population. Other than that, there is also Indian, Chinese, Tagalog,
Vietnamese, …
D, Culture
- As stated in the Declaration of Independence, all are created equal, with
unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This is considered
the main value in American’s culture, and affect many things in an American’s
life.
- From a cultural values perspective, America’s culture can be focus on 4 factors:
Independence, Equality, Individualism and Materialism. Therefore, it might be
surprising that inquaty is very clear in the country, but it can depend on many
other factor.
- America has a wide variation of different Holidays, and in fact very much
seperated from the world. That may come from the fact that the country is very
diverse in religion, norms and etiquette