Topics to be covered. Aigtory of Web {col Governing Web Afgw to develop Web Project faternet Services Java Tsntroduction 2 Operator Stet Types Tred 8c Zitatonce FS raceage ad I eee rasta or Others Ontas GioorarMmAG{OOFE ception Hand mtvend programming Aaeatoph vg arin aN ‘and AWT Controls: fot Manager Crappy Ena!i cov History of Web _2Sir Tim Bemers-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. + Inthe history of the World Wide Web, there are two lines to be traced The development of hypertext The development of the internet protocols. In 1972, DARPA starts research leading to the internet. In 1975, Alan Kay produces the first personal computer. * Berners-Lee developed the first web browser and web server software in 1990, and by 1991, the first web page was created. * The web quickly grew in popularity as more people began to use it for communication, collaboration, and sharing information.uy Aa, 1 Siena = Biov Protocol Governing Web _Prvpertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): © HTTP is the foundation of data communication on the web. It is a protocol used to transfer data over the internet, and it governs how web browsers and servers ‘communicate with each other. ‘+ Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS): © HTTPS is 2 more secure version of HTTP that encrypts data transmitted between a web server and a web browser. It uses SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer Security) encryption to protect data from interception and hacking. * File Transfer Protocol (FTP): © FTP is a protocol used for transferring files between computers over the internet. Itis ‘commonly used to upload and download files from web servers.How to develop Web Project Phase-t: Strategy 1.Goals and objectives 2.Team building 3.Research and review 4, Project proposal Phase-Il : Design and specification 1. Developing concepts 2.Content planning 3.Rough design 4.Final design 5.Build prototype 6.Prototype testing Phase-Ill: Production or development 1.Coding i clovHow to develop Web Project Phace-IV : Testing and maintenance [SS ymation testing ual testing Register with ISP : domain name “eStrwating Phase-VI: Launch + EIOVa i cIov Internet Services @ em Intemet service provides a way for data to be transferred from internet servers to our computer. Categories: + Communication services Electronic mail Telnet c. Mailing lists © Internet telephony (VoIP) * Information retrieval services FIP + Web services: © Allow exchange of information between applications on the web. * www: It offers a way to access documents spread over the several servers over the internet. © The hyperlinks allow the users to navigate between the documents.elov Core Java ,_Aava is a popular programming language that is widely used for developing desktop, web, and ‘mabile applications. Some of the key features of Java are: * Object-oriented programming: Allows developers to create modular and reusable code. * Platform-independent: © Java code can run on any platform(Windows, Mac, Linux, and other) that has a Java Virtual Machine UVM). * Automatic memory management: © Java uses automatic memory management, which means that developers don't need to manage memory manually. The Java Virtual Machine automatically allocates and deallocates memory. ‘+ Exception handling: © Allows developers to handle errors and exceptions effectively.i biov Core Java Rich API © The Java Standard Library includes APIs for fle VO, networking, database access, and 7 Multi-threading: © Create applications that can perform multiple tasks simultaneously. Multi-threading can improve application performance and responsiveness. + Security: © Java has built-in security features that help protect against viruses, malware, and other security threats.cov Operator Lonary operator: ‘+ The Java unary operators require only one operand. + Unary operators are used to perform various operations such as Incrementing/decrementing a value by one (++,--) Inverting the value of a Boolean (!) 2. Arithmetic operator : ** Java arithmetic operators are used to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They act as basic mathematical operations. Relational operator ‘+ Relational operators enables us to test for any relationship between two operands. -=(equal to}, != (not equel to), > (greater than), < (less than), >= (greater than or equal to), less than or equal to) are the example of relational operator.elov Ls Operator _A¥ Assignment operator : _#-fava assignment operator is one of the most common operators. * Its used to agsign the value on its right to the operand on its left. *Ggieost=/=sb= = ae the example of assignment operator. 5. Bitwise operator : * Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bitby-bit operation, + Itcan be applied to the integer types, long, int, short, char, and byte. ‘* Binary AND operator, binary OR operator, binary XOR operator are the example of bitwise operator. Sty vows: Prov?i clov Data Types Primitive Data Types: 2 Primitive data types are built-in datatypes. “s-byte: an 8-bit signed integer s-short: a 16-bit signed integer “sink: a 32-bit signed integer jong: a 64-bit signed integer we by single 16-bit Unicode character by boolean: a truffalse value _Non-Primitive Data Types: TOTS ans + String: a sequence of characters na dF Array, 2collection of elements ofthe same data type 3 Class: a blueprint for creating objects Interface: a collection of abstract methods that can be implemented by classes These data types can be used to define variables, parameters, and return types in Java. methods.i biov Arrays _2-An array in Java is.a data structure that allows you to store a collection of values of the same data type in a contiguous block of memory. * Each value in the array is identified by an index, which is a non-negative integer that represents its position in the array. ‘+ The first element in the array has an index of 0, the second element has an index of 1, and soon, dataType() arrayName = new dataypetarraySize]; int) myArray = new int {5} int() myArray 1.2.3, 4.55cov Methods * In Java, a method is.a block of code that performs a specific task and can be invoked (called) by other parts of a program. + Methods can be used to encapsulate functionality and make code more reusable and easier to maintain.e10v _Slass _2-4n Java, a class is a blueprint for creating objects that encapsulates data and behavior. * A class defines the properties (data members) and methods (functions) that all objects of ‘that class will have.= lov Class + accessModifier specifies the visibility ofthe lass (e.., public, private, protected, or default) = as a + class: keyword used to define a class seem yee o define a class _2BlassName: specifies the name ofthe class (by convention, the name should start with @ "_sapital letter) _silata members: variables that store data within the ciass * constructors: special methods that are used to initialize abjects of the class ‘+ methods: functions that define the behavior of the class°°) Sing ete kis the netance Herc wher oe driv das ts bat oertancs ste tans hac wero dro cs ots cHterrcat nears: Rist hrc erry wher mit sds «trav invertane: Eth vertance Neary wren sas acts ab650 “ ices Ne {neat sy leg combination ofcov Interface interface defines a set of methods but does not implement ther. ‘A class that implements the interface agrees to implement all of the methods defined in the interface. * Ap interface is a collection of method declarations (without definitions) “Usrthis example, Drawable is an interface that defines a single abstract method called draw). Bay class that implements the Drawable interface must provide an implementation of this method, (276 implement an interface in Java, you use the implements keyword followed by the name of the interface.i= Elov Features of Object-Oriented programming * Objects + Class + Inheritance + Polymorphism * Data hiding + Encapsulation + Reusabilitycov Exception Handling “Ty © The try block can have one or more statements that could generate an exception. ” en ein) © Ifany one statement generates an exception, the remaining statements in the block are skipped and execution jumps to the catch block that is placed next to the try block. Every try statement should be followed by at least one catch statement; otherwise compilation error will occur.elov Multithread programming + A multithreaded program contains two or more parts that can run concurrently. ‘* Each part of such a program is called a thread, and each thread defines a separate path of execution, ‘+ Each thread runs parallel to each other. ‘+ A multithreading is a specialized form of multitasking. ‘* In multithread program, each thread has its own life cycle.cov Java Applet _ At apelin ava mal program thats designed tobe executed within a web browser Using the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). _Attuns inside the web browser and works at client side. Applets are used to make the website more dynamic and entertaining, ite cycle of an applet use five methods which are as follows .ifiit{ ) : This method is intended for whatever initialization is needed for our applet. bstart( }:This method is automatically called after the browser calls the init method c-stop() This method is automatically called when the user moves off the page on which the appleyss. aes vt). This method is only called when the browser shuts down normally. int( ) : Invokedimmediately after the start() method, and also any time the applet needs to repaint itself in thebrewser.elov AWT and AWT Controls ‘-AWT stands for Abstract Window Toolkit, which is a Java-based GUI (Graphical User Interface) library that provides the tools and components needed to create desktop applications with a graphical user interface. _LAWT provides a set of classes and interfaces that allow developers to create and manage windows, buttons, text fields, menus, and other graphical user interface components. + It contains three kinds of classes _a-Containers class : Frame, Dialog, Panel, Applet etc b-Components class : TextField Button, Checkbox, Scrollbar, Label, List etc. ¢.Custom graphics class : Color, Font, Dimensions etc. ZOE Contos refer tothe set of GU components that can be created using AWT. hese components include-buttons, checkboxes, choice lists, labels, text fields, text areas, and more, 7 + AWT Controls are implemented as Java classes and can be instantiated and customized to fit the specific needs of a given application.cov Layout Manager * Layout manager is a mechanism that automatically arranges the components in a container (such as a Frame, Panel, or Window) according to a specific layout strategy. * Layout managers are used to control the size and position of components within a container, and to ensure that the components are displayed in a visually pleasing and organized way. ‘+ There are several layout managers available in Java, includin FlowLayout - arranges components in a single row or column, and wraps them to a new row or column when there is no more space. BorderLayout - arranges components in five regions: north, south, east, west, and center. GridLayout - arranges components in a grid of rows and columns. CardLayout - allows multiple components to be displayed in the same space, and allows the user to switch between them. GridBagLayout - provides the most flexible and powerful layout mechanism, allowing components to be placed in a grid of rows and colunns with variable sizes and alignments.