.

DECLARATION

I, at this moment, declare that the project report entitled "An Analysis of Moral
Values In Gulliver’s Travel Novel "submitted to the Manonmaniam Sundarnar University,
Tirunelveli, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of
English is a record of the original work done by me, under the guidance and supervision
of . This report has not been submitted
for the award of any degree, diploma or any title elsewhere

Signature of the candidate

Place:

Date:

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “An Analysis of Moral
Values In Gulliver’s Travel Novel ” submitted to the Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
Master of English is a record of the original work done by M.FATHIMA NASREEN,
A21401022927 under the supervision and guidance.
 Signature of the
Guide

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Date:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The contents of the report are presented in the table of contents. Chapter titles along
with page number

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Problem …...............................................

B. Identification of the problem…..............................................

C. Limitation of The Research…................................................

D. Formulation Of The Problem….............................................

E. Research Objective….............................................................

F. The use of the research….......................................................

G. The Scope of the research …..................................................

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 A. Literature …..........................................................................

B. Prose….................................................................................

C. Concept of Novel ….............................................................

D. Adventure Novel …..............................................................

E. Gulliver’s Trave Novel …....................................................

F. Concept of Moral …............................................................

G. Concept of Value…..............................................................

H. Concept of Moral Value…...................................................

. I. Types of moral value…........................................................

J. Context …............................................................................

K. The Advantage Of Literature …...........................................

L. The Relation Between Moral Values and Education ….......

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design…...............................................................

B. Data Source …......................................................................

C. Research Instrument….........................................................

D. Data Collecting Technique…...............................................

E. Research Procedure…………………………………………………………..

F. Data
Analysis………………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

A. Categories Of Moral Values….............................................

1. Commitment to something greater than oneself …........

2. Self respect….................................................................

3. Respect and caring for others….....................................

 4. Caring for other living things and environment….........

5. Courage …......................................................................

6. Faith …...........................................................................

B. The Advantages Of Reading Gulliver’s Travel …...............

C. Discussion …........................................................................

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion…..........................................................................................

B. Suggestion…..........................................................................................

REFERENCES.. …..........................................................................................

APPENDICES …................................................................................................

CHAPTER - I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Problem

Language has the function to express oneself and communicate. It is also used as a
tool to organize and adapt social integration in the environment and for social control. According
to Sangam Siahaan, language is a unique human inheritance that plays a vital role in human life,
such as in thinking, communicating ideas, and negotiating with one another. Sangam stated that
people can communicate and express their thoughts and interact with others through language.
Through language, people can express their ideas, wishes, thoughts, and desires. Language is a
means primarily used for vocal sounds. It is articulatory, systematic, and arbitrary. This means
that language is essential in the world for communicating, interacting, and understanding each
other. It allows all people in a given culture, among other people who learned the culture's
system, to communicate or interact. Speaking of language, English is one of the international
languages used by many people in the world and many areas as a language of everyday life.
Therefore, using English is the easiest way to communicate with people from other countries in
many aspects of human life, such as technology, economy, social politics, and education.
However, not all people can speak and communicate fluently using the English language. So,
they need media to help them learn about English, such as novels, books, television, newspapers,
movies, etc.

Linguistics is the study of language. As Zaim El-Mubarak said in his book, linguistics
is thinking in words, including language skills for speaking, writing, reading, connection and
interpreting. It involves the capability to express oneself in words through talking, writing,
telling stories, listening, reading books, listening to tapes, dialogue, discussions, poetry, spelling,
and using foreign languages and letters. Therefore, by doing one of these activities, we can
understand the meaning of the words. Reading a novel plays a significant role since it gives
many advantages for language learners in the learning language process. People can get some
information and insights from the society or the country in which the language is learned after
reading.

Pragmatic is a branch of linguistics that concerns the connection between the forms of
linguistics and the people who apply those forms. The language phenomena discussed in
pragmatics mainly deal with the use of language by its users. Pragmatics is concerned with four
areas. Firstly, pragmatics is the study of the speaker's utterances and the effort of the hearer to
interpret those utterances. Secondly, pragmatics is the study of the interpretation of a speaker's
utterance in a particular context. In this case, both the speaker and the hearer have to be aware of
the context that follows the speaker's utterance. Thirdly, pragmatics is the study of how to
recognize the implied meaning of the speaker's utterances. The last is pragmatics, which is the
study that focuses on the expression of the closeness between the speaker and the hearer.
Literature is an essential subject to study since it reflects every aspect of human life, such as
happiness, sadness, truth, justice, respect, courage, faith, and other urgent elements. It can be a
reference for teaching students in the classroom since novels are required reading in middle
schools, high schools, and universities.

A novel is one of the literary works that contains many things about language.
Eagleton says literary work is the reflection of human thoughts and feelings supported by
experience and observation. Literary works are primarily based on emotion and experience;
students of literature occupy the more prized territory of feeling and experience.6 Therefore, a
novel is a literary work that conveys many messages in the text. It can be analyzed from several
points of view, such as politics, religion, or other factors. A novel can be analyzed from the
moral, social, and religious points of view. Usually, morality has a close relationship with
character because morality is reflected by character. Character is an element of fiction, and
morality is actually one of four levels of characterization. Morality is an essential issue in
character-building. Some moral values can be found in stories cited in Al-Qur'an, and many of
them are from the works of literature. In the story of Yusuf in Al-Qur'an, the education of moral
values is relevant to his present life, such as the attitude of openness and communication,
upholding justice, the wisdom of the head of the family, patience and professionalism. It means
that human beings must have morals that are worthy for now and later on, whether for social or
religious morals.

Hymes let us know in his quotes that speech is not only about the appropriateness of a
sentence with the rules of language but also about its appropriateness to the meaning and context
of the sentence. Hymes formulate aspects that affect the use of language in "Dell Hymes Model
of Speaking" .7 Furthermore, Kinnier explores the concept of moral values in general that affect
the use of language in "A Short List of Universal Moral Values". In this theory, he explains
some moral values that appear to be reflected by someone's character, whether in their speech or
behaviour.

The researcher takes this research because the researcher wants to describe the values
that can be a guide for individuals or groups to set their behaviour, especially in relation to moral
values. Based on the explanation, the researcher would like to analyze the moral values as
reflected in the novel "Gulliver's Travel" by using library research. The researcher will use the
theory of speaking Models by Dell Hymes to analyze the moral value in Gulliver's Travel novel
and the theory of Kinnier to describe the categories of moral value. Moral values are the goal of
education, which is to shape the students to have good character and to reflect good morals in the
future. Moral value is an essential element in this life. It can guide people to have a better point
of view on how-to live-in society. Moral values are a set of critical guiding principles for
individuals, among other principles, such as values related to competence.9 Moral value is the
quality of someone's behaviour, which is wrong or right, bad or good.

The researcher decided to choose the novel due to several considerations. The first is
that the original novel is an English classic novel which tells the situation of English in many
areas that share much information. Another consideration is that this novel has a different genre
compared with other research before. Thus, the researcher wants to take this to show the good
morals in adventure novels. Moreover, this novel also spawned a film that has been improved to
adjust to the current condition of life, and it is the inspiration for making other fiction literary
works.

Additionally, the novel is concerned not only with art and story but also with politics, economics,
culture, religion, ethics, and language. It is absolutely right to call this book an inspiring novel in
terms of moral values and education. Moreover, like good fiction, the book imports a simple
moral.

An example of the values of good morals is when Gulliver tells the majesty about the
farmer who helped him while learning the new language. Gulliver said: "The farmer instructed
me very well in my lesson. "10 From this, we can understand that the farmer is caring to others
when he does something good for Gulliver. The dialogue above includes the moral value of
"respect and caring for others". Caring for others is gained when Gulliver, as the participant, tells
his story back to the majesty in a formal situation, and he says that the farmer had helped him
while studying the new language. It can be seen in the moral value of Respect and caring for
others in the aspect of serving and being helpful to humankind and individuals. It shows that the
farmer cares for and helps Gulliver during his learning process. It can be marked with the words
"the farmer had instructed me very well in my lesson".

Several researchers have analyzed moral values. Mulyadi wrote the first research
entitled The Values of Moral Learning in "Ketika Cinta Bertasbih", a Novel Written by
Habiburrahman El Shirazy. He discovered that by learning literature, the readers could
comprehend moral values such as being grateful to God. The value of self-moral learning
includes patience, preservation, self–authority, high optimism, responsibility, and self–esteem.

Ariyanti conducted the second research with the title Moral Values Reflected in "The
House on Mango Street", a Novel written by Sandra Cisnero. The researcher found that all
elements of moral values exist in the content of the novel except the point of Respect and caring
about others, which is precisely the element of not hurting others.The third research was written
by Masterianti and Adisti with the title Analisis moral yang terkandung dalam novel ayat-ayat
cinta karya Habiburahman El-Shirazy. The researcher has discovered that there are two kinds of
morals contained in this novel: religious and social morals. Indicators of religious morals are
praying, being grateful, and reciting Al-Qur'an; thus, for social morals, it is Respect, love, and
helping each other.

The criteria of the novel are commonly artistic and focus on history and the individual
who seeks to create an epic life. The novel is a kind of media for understanding the historical
point of view of literature, which needs to be learned. It is interesting to analyze moral values
because the researcher thinks that moral values make a significant contribution to human life.
This research also wants to do different research about how the author uses different genres or
themes in the novel. Knowing a lot of moral values that are implicitly contained in the novel, the
researcher feels interested in conducting research under the title "An analysis of Moral Values of
the Gulliver's Travel Novel".

B. Identification Of The Problem

Based on the background of research above, the researcher found the problems as
follows: An analysis of moral value in “Gulliver’s Travel” Novel.

C. Limitation of The Research

Every analysis needs limitation in order to make sure that analysis does not go far
from the topic of discussion and to ensure the analysis focuses on what is being discussed. The
researcher focused on the utterance that shows moral values from the character in Gulliver’s
Travel novel by Swift. Hymes and Kinnier theories are used to analyse the data

D. Formulation of The Problem

Based on the background of the research above, the researcher formulates the
problem of this research as follows:

1. What are categories of moral value in Gulliver’s Travel novel ?

2. What are the advantages of reading Gulliver's Travel novel ?

E. Research Objective
 1. To analyze categories of moral values in Gulliver’s Travel novel

2. To find the benefit of reading Gulliver’s Travel nove

F. The use of the research

1. Theoretical uses

In conducting this research, it expects that this research will give more information to the
readers to take the moral values expressed in the novel Gulliver’s Travel as the object of the
analysis.

2. Practical uses

a) For students, to increase the appreciation of literature and to motivate them to produce
new ideas that are more creative and innovative in the future.

b) For the University, to use this novel as a medium for teaching pragmatics in the field of
linguistic subjects.

c) For the authors to add insight and knowledge about the novel, especially on moral
values contained in the novel.

d) For the general public, to provide knowledge and open up horizons of thoughts for
lovers of literature.

G. The Scope of the research

a. Subject of the research is analyzes the moral value in Gulliver’s Travel novel.

b. Object of the research is Analysis text of Gulliver’s Travel Novel.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Literature

“…that I was come according to my promise and with the license of the
emporer my master, to have the honour of seeing so mighty a monarch, and to offer him my
service in my power, consistent with my duty to my own prince...”

Nowadays, literature is an essential subject to study since it reflects every single

aspect of human life, such as happiness, sadness, truth, justice, respect, courage, faith, and other
urgent elements. It can be a reference for teaching in the classroom since novels are required
reading sources in middle schools, high schools, and universities. Literature, in the case of
teaching, is divided into three kinds of views: 1. Firstly, literature is a discipline to be studied as
a cultural product. Traditionally, this one is regarded as teaching literature when the teacher
becomes the centre of the classroom. The process of lecturing always follows what is said in
teaching procedures, such as asking the students to do several kinds of reading, which could be
more extensive since the student should read a lot in order to do the tasks given by the teacher.
Literature is regarded as teacher-centred and results product-centred. Secondly, literature is a
source of materials to be analyzed (text) and is well-known as a stylistic option. It has a close
relationship with linguistics since the students need to analyze the text of literature, which can be
a short story, novel, poetry, etc., based on the linguistic elements. Linguistic elements are meant
to contribute to generative grammar, surface, and deep structure. The analysis of literature does
not stop at the morphological patterns but also consists of the context inside the language
focused on verbal arts, semantics, and pragmatics, which tend to see the intended meaning of a
speaker. In short, it focuses on the utterance used by the speaker, how he used it, and the context
in which he spoke. Lastly, literature is a source for language learning. In this case, the position of
literature is to develop linguistic competence, where literature is used not as a source to analyze
as a text but tends to be used as a medium for language acquisition. For example, prose text is
used for linguistic purposes even though it is still related to the second view of literature
elaborated above, where the student task cannot be separated from analyzing the linguistic
aspects in it. In terms of interaction between teacher and students, in so many cases, the teacher
teaches non-native students in the classroom. This condition has the potential to confuse the
students because of the lack of understanding, so the teacher will probably give kinds of
activities such as paraphrasing, retelling, or translating a certain kind of text in order to make the
students understand more through practice.

Eagleton said that literary work is the reflection of human thoughts and feelings
supported by experience and observation. Literary works are primarily based on emotion and
experience; students of literature occupy the more prized territory of feeling and experience.
There are many kinds of literature: fiction, poetry, drama, and film. Fiction, originally meant
anything made up or shaped, is prose stories based on the author’s creation and imagination. It
includes myths, parables, novels, romances, and short stories.

On the other hand, nonfiction is literary works which describe or interpret facts and present
judgments and opinions. It consists of news reports, essays, magazines, newspapers,
encyclopaedias, broadcast media, films, letters, historical and biographical works and many other
forms of communication. It means that a novel is a kind of literary work, including fiction. A
novel is a literary work that contains many things about language. Therefore, a novel conveys
many messages in the text. It can be analysed from several points of view, such as politics,
religion, or others. A novel can be analysed from the moral, social, and religious points of view.

B. Prose
 Prose is a literary work. Literary work is the result of fan activity of thinking about
human life. An author makes literary works to describe complex human life in the real world.
Lukacs stated that a novel is the epic of an age in which the extensive totality of life is no longer
directly given, in which the immanence of meaning in life has become a problem, yet still thinks
in terms of totality. There are many types of prose. Novels and short stories are included as a
type of prose:

C. Concept of Novel

The simple way to define a narrative is as a series of events in a specific order with a
beginning, middle and end. The logical or causal connection between one event and another
constitutes fundamental aspects of every narrative. A novel is a kind of imaginative literature
which belongs to narrative fiction. The literature of imagination always presents experience by a
fictitious presentation of persons, ideas, and events. In a novel, all events or ideas are almost the
same as in reality. The author creates characters, plots, and settings that are familiar to the reader
in order to make them understand, comprehend, and enjoy the story quickly. Hudson said that
“the novel is self-contained; it provides within its compass everything that the writer deemed
necessary for the comprehension and enjoyment of his work. The term “novel” comes from the
Italian “novella”, which means new staff that is small. The novel was initially developed in the
region from other forms of narrative nonfiction, such as letters, biographies, and history. With a
shift in society, development, and time, the novel is no longer based only on data nonfiction.
Authors of novels changed their style according to desired imagination. A novel is a narrative
text informing of prose with a long shape that includes some figures and fictional events. Most
of the novels are talking about people and their problems, especially the conflict between
individuals and the society in which they live. In a novel, the authors express their ideas,
imagination, feeling, morality, character, setting, etc. Novels are also interesting objects for
reading. Sometimes, lecturers and teachers at some universities and schools ask their students to
read, understand, and analyze certain novels in order to extract moral teachings; the students can
analyze the moral values of the story, especially positive values. Then, they can draw lessons
from the story.

There are many kinds of novels. There are psychological novels, detective, social,
collective, adventure novels, etc. The psychological novel is a novel that tells about a
psychological problem experienced by the characters in the novel. It is focused on the mental
situation of characters through their life. A detective novel is a novel about criminals and
presents one or two characters who act as fighters against criminality or as defenders of truth. It
usually invites the readers to think about the effects of some incidents that are described by the
author in the story. The social novel is a novel that tells about the differences in status and social
activities that are against one another.
 An adventure novel is a novel focusing on one character who is considered a hero. This
character always has conflicts when realizing his ideal purpose. The story of the novel starts with
the main character being presented with a problem which requires solutions. It is a novel of
survival or life in the great outdoors. This novel has frequently found elements in which the
characters succeed without adult assistance. Characters are often children who encounter
situations that require quick thinking, problem-solving and inner strength.9 The last is a
collective novel, which is a novel which combines two or more kinds of novels presented above.

D. Adventure Novel

Based on the explanation, adventure novel is a novel only focusing on one character
which is considered as a hero. Gulliver’s Travel is a novel that contains Gulliver’s journey which
tells his motivation and personality growth through his adventure.

Paige et.al explains some motivations of adventure traveler, they are;

1. Transformation is one of the benefits of adventure. Learning more about oneself

through new, exciting, and sometimes difficult cultural experiences will make the
personal challenge, personal growth and development, gratitude and mindfulness
2. Expanded worldview is gaining a new world perspective and testing the physical
and mental stamina in nontraditional environment; adventure broadens the horizons
how one looks at world.
3. Nature and discover, are feelings of being in a remote place seeing untouched
environment, being active and enjoying the natural surroundings at the same time in
new experience, nature, environment, and place.
4. Learning is educationally broadening individual knowledge about everything seen
and experienced. Being able to discuss different cultures and location, with some
validity and knowledge.
5. Fun and thrill is an excitement, sense of the unknown “feeling alive, fun, pleasure,
excitement.”

Despite of the motivation, there are some values about the personal character which
appear the most in adventure traveler’s lives, they are ; kind, efficient, organized and
imaginative persons. They actively seek out new experiences and think travel should be
about enriching knowledge. They have a moderately altruistic nature and sometimes
give advice to others, they enjoy working on new ideas and consider their self an
intellectual. They work hard to keep their body healthy and are interested in traditions
of indigenous cultural communities and enjoy cultural immersion when they travel.

Related to the above explanation, there some values and motivations which
appear in story of Gulliver’s adventure. He is a kind person who respects to himself,
caring of nature and environment and everyone who meets him. He eventually helps
people who need help. He is imaginative and works hardest for trying to survive in the
 worst situation. He organizes himself day to day and is a great person in changing his
mind during his adventure. The biggest motivation of Gulliver is about expanded
worldview.

E. Gulliver’s Travel Novel

Gulliver's Travel is a novel written by Jonathan Swift. This novel was published in
Indonesia by Gramedia Pustaka in April 2018 and consists of 422 pages. Born on November 30,
1667, Irish author, clergyman and satirist Jonathan Swift grew up fatherless. Under the care of
his uncle, he received a bachelor's degree from Trinity College and then worked as a statesman's
assistant. Eventually, he became dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin. Most of his writings
were published under pseudonyms. He is best remembered for his 1726 book Gulliver's Travels.
Gulliver begins the story of his adventure by introducing his life and the reasons for
his journey. Gulliver, who is very fond of travelling, has a profession as a doctor who works on
the Antelope ship. At that time, Gulliver got an offer from Captain William Pritchard, head of
the Antelope ship, who would travel to the South Coast. Of course, Gulliver was pleased with the
offer; he accepted it, and they set sail from Bristol. He then went to the sea, being a sailor as a
surgeon, and started his first journey in this part.
Gulliver's Travel tells the story of the character Gulliver, who likes to travel. He
started his journey as a surgeon. Gulliver has made 4 different trips during his lifetime. Gulliver's
first trip was to the land of Lilliput, a country inhabited by a dwarf society. Here, Gulliver was
taken captive by the dwarves and was considered a strange giant. However, after Gulliver was
released as a prisoner, he was given the responsibility to protect the Lilliput country from the
enemy. Because of his success in winning the war, he was given a high title as Nardac. However,
Gulliver did not want to fulfil the king's request to attract and make Blefuscu the public as
enslaved people. He was considered a traitor. Then Gulliver decided to return to England and
was helped by officials from Blefsucu to complete his ship and return to the country.
He stayed at home for about 2 months. Gulliver returned to travel to the country of
Brobdingnag, which is inhabited by giant communities of larger sizes than his own. In
Brobdingnag country, Gulliver is considered a dwarf, but the king treats him very humanely.
Here, the king asks a lot about the lives of the British people and their political, economic, and
cultural conditions. Gulliver was surprised by the assumption that the community where he came
from was very despicable to the king. He tried to explain and defend his community. However,
the king did not see the slightest traits that were better than those shown by Gulliver, so finally,
the king still considered the Gulliver community to be bedbugs and immoral.
Gulliver finally got bored and wanted to leave Brobdingnag's country because he was
disappointed with the king's opinion of England. On the way, Gulliver story tells the story that
has just been passed on to the sailors, but they do not believe him and consider it imaginative.
Fortunately, Gulliver brought some evidence of his journey while in the country of Brobdingnag
and convinced the people about the truth of his story.
After he had been at home for just 10 days, Gulliver finally went on a cruise. On this
trip, Gulliver was a captain who led a sailing trip to East India. However, during the trip, the ship
Gulliver was attacked by pirates. The pirate is a fellow Christian; Gulliver said that he did not
expect that fellow Christians would not have mercy, and instead, he would get forgiveness from
other religious communities. During this third trip, Gulliver made several trips to several
countries where the people thought beyond reason and in terms of knowledge. In every country
he stopped by, he found that every human being thinks about sophisticated technology to create
something and do experiments in various fields of science. At that time, Gulliver realized that he
felt isolated because he was unable to understand their language and lifestyle and how to think.
Finally, Gulliver continues his journey to Japan before returning to his country. Because he had
studied in the land of the cherry, it was very helpful in adapting and making it easier for him to
get help on coming back to England.
Gulliver's last trip closes with the story of who wants to make a voyage as a surgeon
on the ship that belongs to his theme, but again, the chance is not on his side. Gulliver
experienced an event that caused him to be lost in a country that humans did not inhabit. In the
hynmyous country, Gulliver still lives with a horse that considers itself to be a "human" yahoo.
They treat Gulliver very well, like their community and family, without hurting it, even though
they are different types. Gulliver wonders about the role of horses in this country compared to
the attitude towards horses in his own country. They consider it very inhuman and make Gulliver
aware of the human moral badness towards horses, which is currently very human in treating it.
He started to be comfortable in the country and did not want to go back to his country. However,
the horses were afraid, and they were threatened if Gulliver did something dangerous at any
time, so he was asked to go back to his native country. When he arrived home, his wife and
family welcomed him very well. However, Gulliver was not able to receive them and even felt
disgusted, considering the inhuman human treatment of Hewa. However, after a few months,
Gulliver reflects on the events that occurred in his life and finds that he is human, so he has to
undergo his destiny and is able to accept his wife back, talk to each other and live normally as
usual
.

F. Concept of Moral

Hurlock states that moral comes from the Latin word mores, it means habit and
tradition. Moral issues concern both behavior and character, they arise when life
confronts people with such questions as "What should I do (or not do)?", "How should I
act?", "What kind of person should I be?" Moral issues are inescapable, and they come
in all shapes and sizes. Therefore, moral is about how we make the relationship
between people with everyone around about what they do good or bad.

Hurlock states that moral comes from the Latin word mores, it means habit
and tradition. Moral issues concern both behavior and character, they arise when life
confronts people with such questions as "What should I do (or not do)?", "How should I
act?", "What kind of person should I be?" Moral issues are inescapable, and they come
in all shapes and sizes. 14 Therefore, moral is about how we make the relationship
between people with everyone around about what they do good or bad.

According to Kohlberg , he suggested a theory of moral reasoning based on

the three levels and six stages, whereby children progress through preconventional
 (based on the personal needs and other’s rules), conventional (based on other’s
approval, expectation, or values), and postcovenional moral reasoning (based on social
contacts and individual principle). The moral development of children is at a level
called moral reasoning that is pre-conventional. At this level, children are not used to
identifying the development of moral values.15 While moral value is taught to the
audience through actions taken in the novels, moral is never taught in schools or
courses anywhere. Moral is formed from the environment where humans live, where
the environment is good the child will grow up with good moral. Based on the
explanation above, it can be concluded that moral is the human attempt what is right
and wrong about our actions and thoughts, and what is good and bad about being who
we are. It can be shaped from the environment where the individual lives in society and
it will affect how we act in our life. The important thing about Kohlberg's theory is that
the level of moral reasoning will increase following the age.

G. Concept of Value
Values are considered being of great worth or importance, and are perceived
as standards or principles considered valuable or important in life. While the first
meaning donates value in physical terms, the second meaning pertains to our behavior
patterns.17 The term “value” may suggest the inclusion of judgment so right and wrong,
lofty and base, just and unjust, and more personal preferences, which are useful as
individuals happen to value them.

According to Fraenkle a value is an idea concept about what someone thinks

is important in life. Earle William James says that value is the positive quality of
anything that is desirable, useful, interesting, good and important, to name only a few of
the terms available for the expression of the positive values. When a person values
something, he or she seems to be worth work, worth having, worth doing or anything to
be obtained.
The truth and universally accepted is the value that produces a behavior that
has a positive impact on people to do something and for others. Values are related to the
norms of a culture, but they are more global and abstract. Values identify what should be
judged as good or evil, while norms provide rules for behavior in specific situations.
Based on the theory we conclude that values are important and lasting beliefs or ideals
shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable behavior and
attitude, so they serve as broad guidelines in all situations.

H. Concept of Moral Value

Kinnier explores that the concept of moral values is still general, when it points
out about compassion, justice, truth, and forgiveness or what is called by Golden Rule.
There are four basic identifications of the golden rule, they are (a) respect for oneself, (b)
respect for others, (c) civic responsibility, (d) and respect for natural environment.

Moral values are related to human behaviour in terms of what is considered good
and bad. Moral is an either good or bad doctrine accepted by society regarding the actions,
attitudes, obligations, morals, manners, and decency. Understanding certain good and bad
things is relative. This means that something which is in general considered good for
someone or a nation, not necessarily is the same for other people or other nations. Someone's
opinion about morals and values is usually influenced by the view of life.

Furthermore, moral values are the values which are associated with customs,
manners, and behaviour. Overall, the moral teachings are norms and understandings
determining the things which are considered good and bad. Consideration of good or bad
behaviour is something that would generate moral, as a generic concept. That means the
authors express a moral message to the readers through literary works, either directly or
indirectly. Moral in literature usually reflects the views of the author’s life, the views on the
values of truth, and what the author wants to deliver to the readers.

Based on the description above, it can be concluded that morality is the

measurement used to determine what is right or wrong of human being’s attitudes and
actions in terms of the goodness and badness. Moral is a practical lesson that a story, an
event, or an experience teaches. Therefore, Hurlock Elizabeth says moral is controlled by the
moral concepts, the rules of moral to which the members of a culture have become
accustomed to and which determine the expected behaviour pattern of all group members.
Every society has values to arrange their life that contain some principles, ideals and
standards.

In addition, there are several kinds of moral values. They include universal
concepts such as bravery, humbleness, honesty, justice, steadfastness, respectability,
responsibility, sympathy, cooperativeness, thankfulness, trustworthiness, sincerity, and
others. Moral value can also be defined as a piece of information about what is right
behaviour, what is wrong behaviour, and what is important in life that is sent by the author to
the readers through the text he wrote, through the topic and theme declared.

I. Types of Moral Value

There was a term of "universal values" which came from several experts with
their theories and argument. One of them was Linton in Kinnier et.al. who states that
universal values is include a theory of "modesty" where in this case, a term of modesty
tells people how to behave in life including how to respect others or an appreciation of
other's human right existence. Moreover, there are four major and specific categories of
moral values proposed by Kinnier et al. as follows:
1. Commitment to something greater than oneself
 a. To recognize the meaning and purpose of one’s existence
b. To seek truth
c. To seek justice
2. Self-respect, but with humbleness or respect to others, self-discipline, and acceptance
of personal responsibility
a. To respect and care for one-self
b. To not exalt one-self, avoid greediness, and self-centeredness
c. To act with conscience d. To accept responsibility of one’s behaviour
3. Respect and caring for others
a. To recognize the connectedness between all people
b. To serve and to be helpful to humankind and individuals
c. To be caring, respectful, compassionate, tolerant, and forgiving to others
d. To not hurt others (do not murder, abuse, steal from, cheat, or lie to others)
4. Caring for other living things and environment.
Regarding with the core elements of moral values, there are many experts in
Kinnier et.al. who argue that moral values are all about “Golden Rules” and its
implications as mentioned as follows:
1. Treating others with respect and compassion
2. The virtues of truthfulness
3. Justice
4. Personal responsibility
5. Self-discipline
6. Courage
7. Faith
From the explanation above, it can be concluded that moral values are
connected with human behaviour. It means that we can see whether a person takes and
applies goodness or vice versa in life is based on his attitudes towards himself as
reflected in Gulliver's Travel Novel. In addition, moral values are also about values that
express the belief of someone or faith, such as people believing in God. Next, courage is
an element that also has a value that needs to be assessed in life since it is related to how
someone can live in this world with power and good resolution. We have to take it
seriously that it is vital to keep in mind how we should behave towards above mentioned
important elements as well as making those kinds of relationship that are in balance, so
that what seems as abstract in terms of moral value content becomes concrete or real
when people have an effort on applying them.

J. Context

Studying pragmatics will not be complete in the absence of some mentioning of

context. Context is background knowledge assumed to be shared by speaker and hearer
and which contributes to hearer’s interpretation of what the speaker means by given
 utterence.26 It means that context is the basic knowledge of what speaker and hearer
have in their minds to understand the speaker’s utterance and the hearer can guess or
catch what the speaker means by his/her utterance.
Beside context, there is another aspect of speech, which is listener’s and
speaker’s, purpose of speech, etc. As the following, Dell Hyme’s explains that for the
correct language, one not only learns words and grammatical rules, but also the context
of the use of the language. In “Speaking Model “the aspects to be considered are as
follows:

S: Setting is an aspect that includes the time and place of the talk, while scene is a
“psychological setting” or “cultural definition” of the level of seriousness

P: Participants, through speakers (speakers) and speakers (audience) in a conversation,

speaker’s background and a relation with a speaker is the context that influences it.

E: Ends, Hymes explains ends as the “purpose” or “goal” of a conversation.

A: Act on the information submitted. Hymes describes the sequence of actions as “form”
shapes and the “sequence” of an event (event).

K: Key, display for speakers and speakers/audience during the conversation.

I: Instruments of “form and speech” (style of language)

N: Norms are normal-norms in conversations that are not discussed, but that offer
information on how speakers or speakers cause the error.

G: Genre is a type of event or effect of a story.

Based on the theory above, the researcher will use the theory of Dell Hymes
to analyze the moral value in Gulliver’s Travel novel. This research is about novel.
Therefore, the researcher does not use all the aspect in Dell Hymes theory, hence the
researcher just focuses on the aspects that are expressed in the novel of Gulliver’s Travel.

K. The Advantages of Literature

From this novel we can take some advantages of reading a novel, they are;
improving language skills, increasing the knowledge of another culture, developing one’s
own personality and support for shaping the character.
1. Improving language skills
 By reading a novel, it can make the reader improve their reading
comprehension and learn more vocabulary. It may also improve the skills of
listening, speaking, and writting.
2. Increasing the knowledge of another culture
Fiction has a big connection with human life. The reader can gain the
knowledge of the reality of life from another culture through stories by
reading a novel.
3. Developing one’s own personality
Reading can develop the personality of someone. Novel usually tells
different values and shows some personalities that could be taken by the
reader to develop their life.
4. Support for shaping someone’s character.
Fiction can support the reader for shaping their character. The character
in the novel has many good characteristics during his life, such as helping
each other, respect, etc. This will give the lesson to be a good person and
teach about the way how to interact with others.

L. The Relation Between Moral Values and Education

Education is the organized development and equipment of all the powers of a

human being, moral, intellectual, and physical, by and for their individual and social
uses, directed toward the union of these activities with their creator as their final end. It is
used to improve moral and train intelligence. Education is a process of installing
something into human beings. So that, for many people education has an important role
to improve their capabilities and to qualify themselves.
Besides, moral education is significant for the students because they can
contribute a sense of responsibility to the school’s community and understand that
cheating and other immoral acts harm everyone concerned. It helps the learners not only
to reach a higher level of academic achievement but to get a higher level of moral
awareness as well. There are four elements in learning to be moral, those are:
1. Learning what the social group expects of its members as spelled in laws,
customs, and rules.
2. Developing a conscience.
3. Learning to experience guilt and shame when the individual’s behaviour fails to
conform to the expectations of the group.
4. Having opportunities for social interactions to learn what members of the
group expect.
The novel is a powerful mdium in teaching because it connects ideas with
emotion in the reality of life. Furthermore, novel and moral have a very close
relationship, because the novel is an effective medium that can be used by the teacher to
teach the positive impacts of reading and knowing the positive moral value of novel to
increase their knowledge and having a good moral.
From the explanation above, the novel can be used as a medium of learning to
inoculate good moral when the teacher wants to give a good example to the students
when they learn about moral. Teachers should therefore consider giving a good book as
the medium of education.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
 In this chapter the researcher would like to explain the methodology used in
this research. The researcher used qualitative descriptive research method to describe
the moral values that appear in Gulliver’s Travel novel. Bodgan and Biklen said that
qualitative research is descriptive. The data collected is in the form of words and
pictures, rather than numbers, processing the data taken from various sources, such as
movie transcript, articles, etc. It means that qualitative focused on analyzing the
words, pictures, movies and another media through the method of describing the
meaning of it, it is not used for measuring the data by numeric. Following the
explanations above the researcher used the qualitative data analysis to describe the
meaning of moral value through the text in the Gulliver’s Travel novel.
Bodgan and Biklen mention the characteristic of qualitative research as follows:

1.Qualitative research has the natural setting as the direct source of data
and the researcher is the key instrumen

2.Qualitative research is descriptive

3 . Qualitative researches are concerned with process rather than simply

with outcomes or products

4. Qualitative researches tend to analyze their data inductively

5. Meaning is of essential concern to the qualitative approach

Moreover, qualitative researchers tend to investigate “the quality of relationship,

activities, situations, or materials” where those four elements should be described in detail
instead of comparing the effect of a certain treatment as what another type of research is doing.
Qualitative research does not mean to describe population characteristics or draw generalizations
to conclusions applicable to a population but rather focus on the representation of phenomena.
In other words, since the researcher simply does not judge the outcomes or product from her
subject of research but tends to see the process of describing the moral values reflected in the
novel, so that this research design is definitely appropriate for this research.

B.Data Source

In this research, the researcher believes that it is highly important to have a clear cut
on what the data and source of data are. In this case, the appearance of the data is in terms of
words in a text where the novel of “Gulliver’s Travel” written Jonathan Swift becomes the
source of data that the researcher gathered. The researcher limited the data source took only from
the dialogue in the novel.
 According to Moleong the document can be used as a data source and can be used
as a proof, understanding and interpreting an event. The researcher will do documentation by
collecting data and learn from novel .

C.Research Instrument

In this research, the researcher is the key instrument since it becomes one of
qualitative research characteristic. Qualitative researcher as the human instrument will set the
focus of the research, choose the source of the data, collect the data, analyze the data, interpret
the data , and make the conclusion of the research.The researcher as the instrument or research
tool due to some characteristics as follows;

1. Researchers as sensitive tools and can react to any stimulus from the
environment that must be estimated to be meaningful or not for research, the
researchers as tools can adjust to all aspects of the situation and can collect a
variety of data at once,
2. Each situation is a whole, meaning that there is no instrument in the form of a
test or questionnaire that can capture the whole situation except humans,
3. A situation that involves human interaction cannot be understood with mere
knowledge, and to understand it, we need to feel it often, dive into it based on
our knowledge
4. The researcher as an instrument can immediately analyze the data obtained. He
can interpret it, giving birth to a hypothesis immediately to determine the
direction of observation, to test the hypothesis that arises instantly,
5. Only humans as instruments can draw conclusions based on data collected at
one time and use immediately as feedback to obtain confirmation, change,
improvement or treatment

This research used guideline in analyzing the moral values reflected in the novel of
Jonathan Swift entitled "Gulliver's Travel". In this case, the researcher used moral values
categories based on theory in Kinnier et.al while also combining the theory with "Golden
Rules" which also stated in Kinnier.The guidline of moral values analysis are as follows;
 No Categories Description

Commitment to something greater a. To recognize the meaning and purpose

1 than onself of one’s
b. To seek truth
c. To seek justice

Self-respect, but with humbleness or a. To respect and care for oneself

2 respect to others , self –discipline ,and b. To not exalt oneself avoid greediness
acceptance of personal responsibility c. To act with conscience
d. To accept responsibility of one’s
behavior

Respect and caring for others

3 a. To recognize the connectedness
between all people
b. To serve and to be heplful to
humankind and individual
c. To be caring, respectful,
compassionate, tolerant, and
forgiving of others
d. To not hurt others, e.g. do not
murder, abuse,steal chea,t, or lie to
others
Caring for other living things and
4 environment
The attitude of someone behavior to care
about other people living or environment
around them
Courage
5
Ability to do something bravely or in Power
Faith
6
Complet trust in someone or something e.g.
God and other spiritual apprehensions
 1. Commitment to something greater than oneself

This moral shows how the human behaviour is in interaction with others what it
commits to something greater than oneself, which includes to recognize the meaning and purpose
of one’s existance, to seek truth, and to seek justice.

a. To recognize the meaning and purpose the meaning and purpose of one’s existance

This aspect defines the attitude of humans when they realize something which shows
the fact, situation or condition about life, such as they know where they come from and
know who they are

b. To seek truth

This aspect of value is a choice humans can make, taking charge of our life by letting
go of everything we fear and accepting life as a challenge , for example to dare going into
the unknown for the sake of the liberation of our own individul spirit. In this way it is
possible to find the truth about someone or something that has happened.

c. To seek justice

This aspect of value is the most essential of moral items because people need
something beyond themselves which is bigger and more powerful than them.

2. Self-respect, but with humbleness or respect to others, self-discipline, and acceptance of

personal responsibility

This categories of moral are needed to appreciate and respect oneself but without ignoring
and understimating others.

a. To respect and care for oneself This aspect is created as the behaviour of a moral individual
towards oneself for making us feel more valueable. Such as giving the reward and caring for
the life of oneself.
b. To not exalt oneself, avoid greediness, and self-centredness This aspect of value defines
how humans need to be more humble to others and not to be self-centred..
c. To act with conscience This moral item is an attitude to care and protect oneself as the
human being need to be well treated. This shows how we need to do something based on our
thinking and feeling that comes from the heart and conscience.
d. To accept responsibility for one's behavior This item shows how people should take the
responsibilty for their life from others. When we get a mandate from someone, we have to be
responsible about it.
3. Respect and caring for others
This moral is showing how to be human beings, because as the social humans we can not
live alone and we need to respect and care for others.
a. To recognize the connectedness between all people

This value is the human attitude of humans about their relationship with other
humans. This shows how they can be respectful and good for others.

b. To serve and to be helpful to humandkind and individuals

This value is he human attitude towards other humans to be more helpful and serve
good things to the humankidnd and individual.
c. To be caring, respectful, compassionate, tolerant, and forgiving to others
This aspect of moral tells about how humans must respect, care, and be
compassionate, tolerant, and forgiving towards others to show their respect and
caring to others. For example, accepting the differences, etc.
d. To not hurt others
This aspect of value is showing how humans want to keep others from hurt, do good
things and avoid the bad things
4. Caring for other living things and environment
This moral value of caring for other living things and environment is the attitude of
someone’s behavior to care about other people or environment around them.
5. Courage
This moral shows the human attitude about their ability to do something bravely or in
power. It appears that humans are dare to try things that are either trhough difficult. It
also can be defined as an action to struggle and maintain something which is believed as
something good and right with passing a danger, difficulty and weakness.
6. Faith
This moral shows a complete trust in someone or something, e.g God, religion, and other
spiritual apprehensions

D. Data Collecting technique

It is obvious that in a research the part of data collecting is very urgent and
vital. In qualitative research, data is not collected at the end of the research, but it tend to
be more focus on the process which is ongoing during the research and the data should
be observed continually in order to have a significant and valid finding. That is why the
researcher believes that the steps of collecting the should be pointed out systematically:
1. The first step of collecting the data is the researcher prepares the novel of “Gulliver’s
Travel” written by Jonathan Swift as well as having a mature understanding of the
“Moral Values” as the core component in this research
 2. The second step that the researcher has done is reading the content of the novel
carefully while writing important notes and codes.
3. The next step is identifying the appropriate data. In this case, the researcher only
focuses on the moral values proposed by Kinnier et.al that has been mentioned on the
research instrument above
4. The last step is the step the researcher rechecks the data collected in order to have
the data valid

E. Research Procedure

The procedure is very important for knowing how the data will be collected and
for answering the questions of the research problem. The researcher has to decide the right
problem. The researcher has to decide the right procedure to collect the data. The steps that will
apply in the study should be mutually supportive of each other, in order the research has the right
weight and gives unquestioned conclusions.

1. Planning

a. Submit the title to the head of department

b. Get an advisor

c. Consultation of the proposal to the advisor

d. Proposal seminar

e. Revise the proposal

2. Affection

At this stage, the research will collect the data and process it, it will be done by:

a. Complete the data Gulliver’s Travel novel,synopsis Gulliver’s Travel novel

b. Read the novel and reasearch for it
c. Research will observe the novel until three times or more to analyze the noted scene of
the text in the novel

3. Reporting

a. Making a framework research result

b. Makingna report on the findings

F.Data Analysis

In order to analyze the data finding, the researcher uses analytic procedures which are proposed
by Creswell, as follows:

1. Data managing
In data managing, the researcher organizes files needed for data analysis, whereas in this
research, the researcher gathers the novel to be read and has the guideline of moral values
categories handed
2. Reading and noting
In this part of analysis, the researcher reads through text as well as making notes.
3. Classifying
In this case, the researcher needs to classify or group the items to be analyzed whether they
exist in the text. In addition, the researcher also reduces the data which is not relevant or
appropriate with the objective of the research.
4. Interpreting
After having the data classified, the researcher makes sense of the data naturally by relying
on the appropriate theory. It is important to take a note that the researcher needs to generalize
the data naturally by using direct interpretation.
5. Representing
In this procedure, the researcher visualizes the data finding accurately. The data can be
display can be in terms of figures, tables, and of course using the narrative presentation to
explore the finding deeply.