NATIONALISM IN EUROPE – MCQ

1. Choose the correct nationality of the artist Frederic Sorrieu who visualised in his painting a
society made up of Democratic and Social Republic:
(a) German (b) Swiss (c) French (d) American

2. ‘Nationalism’, which emerged as a force in the late 19th century, means:

(a) strong devotion for one’s own country and its history and culture.
(b) strong devotion for one’s own country without appreciation for other nations.
(c) strong love for one’s own country and hatred for others.
(d) equally strong devotion for all the countries of the world.

3. Pick out the correct definition to define the term ‘Plebiscite’.

(a) Plebiscite is a direct vote by which only the female members of a region are asked to accept or
reject a proposal.
(b) Plebiscite is a direct vote by the female members of a matriarchal system to accept or reject a
proposal.
(c) Plebiscite is a direct vote by only a chosen few from the total population of a particular region to
accept or reject a proposal.
(d) Plebiscite is a direct vote by which all the citizens of a region are asked to accept or reject a
proposal.

4. Ernst Renan believed that the existence of nations is a necessity because:

(a) it ensures protection to all inhabitants.
(b) it ensures liberty to all inhabitant citizens.
(c) it ensures Parliamentary form of government to its inhabitants.
(d) it ensures jobs and good health to all its inhabitants.

5. Which of the following countries did not attend the Congress of Vienna?
(a) Britain (b) Russia (c) Prussia (d) Switzerland

6. The first great revolution which gave the clear idea of nationalism with its core words: ‘Liberty,
Equality and Fraternity’ was:
(a) The Russian Revolution
(b) The French Revolution
(c) The American Revolution
(d) India’s First War of Independence

7. Which of the following statements about the ‘French Revolution’ are correct?
(i) After the end of the French Revolution it was proclaimed that it was the people who would
henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny.
(ii) France will have a constitutional monarchy and the new republic will be headed by a member of
the royal family.
(iii) A centralised administrative system will be put in place to formulate uniform laws for all
citizens.
(iv) Imposition of internal custom duties and dues will continue to exist in France.
(a) (ii) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iii) (d) (iii) and (iv)

8. The French revolutionaries declared that the mission and destiny of the French nation was:
(a) to conquer the people of Europe.
(b) to liberate the people of Europe from despotism.
(c) to strengthen absolute monarchies in all the countries of Europe.
(d) to propagate the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity in every part of the world.
9. The Civil Code of 1804 in France is usually known as:
(a) The French Revolutionary Code (b) Napoleonic Code
(c) European Imperial Code (d) The French Civil Code

10. The Napoleonic Code was exported to which of the following regions?
(a) England (b) Spain (c) Regions under French control (d) Poland

11. The liberal nationalism stands for:

(a) freedom for the individual and equality before law.
(b) preservation of autocracy and clerical privileges.
(c) freedom for only male members of society and equality before law.
(d) freedom only for senior citizens.

12. Who among the following formed the secret society called ‘Young Italy’?
(a) Otto von Bismarck (b) Giuseppe Mazzini
(c) Mettemich (d) Johann Gottfried Herder

13. The term ‘Universal Suffrage’ means:

(a) the right to vote and get elected, granted only to men.
(b) the right to vote for all adults.
(c) the right to vote and get elected, granted exclusively to property owning men.
(d) the right to vote and get elected, granted only to educated men and women.

14. Which of the following is not a feature or belief of ‘Conservatism’?

(a) Conservatives believe in established, traditional institutions of state and policy.
(b) Conservatives stressed the importance of tradition and preferred gradual development to quick
change.
(c) Conservatives proposed to return to the society of pre-revolutionary days and were against
the ideas of modernisation to strengthen monarchy.
(d) Conservatives believed in the monarchy, church, and other social hierarchies.

15. Which Treaty recognized Greece as an independent nation?

(a) Vienna 1815 (b) Constantinople 1832
(c) Warsaw 1814 (d) Leipzig 1813

16. Who said ‘When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold’?
(a) Garibaldi (b) Bismarck (c) Mazzini (d) Duke Metternich

17. What happened to Poland at the end of 18th century? Which of the following answers is
correct?
(a) Poland achieved independence at the end of the 18th century.
(b) Poland came totally under the control of Russia and became part of Russia.
(c) Poland became the part of East Germany.
(d) Poland was partitioned at the end of the 18th century by three Great Powers: Russia, Prussia
and Austria.

18. Who played the leading role in the unification of Germany?

(a) German Emperor (formerly King of Prussia) — Kaiser William I.
(b) Otto Von Bismarck (Prussian Chief Minister).
(c) Johann Gottfried Herder — German philosopher.
(d) Austrian Chancellor — Duke Metternich.
19. Three wars over seven years with Austria, Denmark, Germany and France, ended in:
(a) Danish victory (b) Prussian victory (c) French victory (d) German victory

20. Who was proclaimed the emperor of Germany in 1871?

(a) Otto Von Bismarck (b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Count Cavour (d) Kaiser William I of Prussia

21. Who became the King of United Italy in 1861?

(a) Giuseppe Garibaldi (b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Count Cavour (d) Giuseppe Mazzini

22. What helped in the formation of a nation-state in Britain?

(a) The formation of a nation-state in Britain was the result of a sudden upheaval.
(b) In 1688, the monarchy in Britain had seized the power from English Parliament.
(c) The parliament through a bloodless revolution seized power from the monarchy which
gradually led to the emergence of a nation-state.
(d) The British nation was formed as a result of a war with Scotland and Wales.

23. Who was responsible for the unification of Germany?

(a) Count Cavour (b) Bismarck (c) Garibaldi (d) Giuseppe Mazzini

24. The allegory of the German nation who wears a crown of oak leaves was:
(a) Marianne (b) Union Jack (c) Britannia (d) Germania

25. A large part of Balkan region was under the control of:
(a) Russian empire (b) Ottoman empire (c) German empire (d) Habsburg rulers

NATIONALISM IN EUROPE – MCQ

1. What type of conservative regimes were set up in 1815 in Europe?

(a) Autocratic (b) Democratic (c) Aristocratic (d) Dictatorial

2. Identify the French artist who prepared a series of four prints visualising his dream of a world
from the following:
(a) Kitagewa Utamaro (b) Richard M Hoe
(c) Voltaire (d) Frederic Sorrieu

3. Napoleon invaded Italy in:

(a) 1821 (b) 1790s (c) 1905 (d) 1797

4. Who was proclaimed King of united Italy in 1861?

(a) Victor Emmanuel II (b) Louis Philippe (c) Mazzini (d) Cavour

5. Which of the following artists painted the image of Germania?

(a) Philip Veit (b) Frederic Sorrieu (c) Ernst Renan (d) Richar M Hoe

6. Who said ‘When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold’?
(a) Garibaldi (b) Bismarck (c) Mazzini (d) Duke Metternich

7. Which one of the following was not the feature of Napoleonic Code?
(a) Equality before the law (b) Universal Adult Franchise
(c) Right to Property (d) Privileges based on birth
8. Who hosted the ‘Treaty of Vienna’?
(a) Frédéric Sorrieu (b) Victor Emmanuel
(c) Duke Metternich (d) Giuseppe Garibaldi

9. The political and constitutional changes brought about by the French Revolution were:
(a) it ended the absolute monarchy.
(b) It transferred power to a body of the French citizens.
(c) It proclaimed that henceforth people would constitute the nation and shape its destiny.
(d) All the above.

10. What does ‘Absolutist’ mean?

(a) A Philosophy (b) A Theory (c) Monarchical Government (d) A Painting

11. The first clear expression of nationalism came with:

(a) The American Revolution (b) The French Revolution
(c) The Russian Revolution (d) The Industrial Revolution

12. What does a blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales symbolize?
(a) Peace (b) Equality (c) Justice (d) Liberty

13. What was the main intention behind ‘Treaty of Vienna of 1815’?
(a) Restore republics (b) Restore democracies (c) Restore monarchies (d) None of these

14. Who was proclaimed German Emperor after its unification?

(a) The Prussian King – William-I (b) The French King – Louis Philippe
(c) Victor Emmanuel II (d) None of these

15. What did Germania symbolize?

(a) French nation (b) German nation (c) British nation (d) None of the above

16. Who was Giuseppe Mazzini?

(a) French Revolutionary (b) Italian Revolutionary
(c) Russian Revolutionary (d) None of above

17. Name the customs union formed by Prussia to abolish tariff barriers.
(a) Elle (b) Zollverein (c) Zweibiicken (d) La Patrie

18. What did ‘Das Volk’ stand for?

(a) Democracy (b) Factory workers (c) Slum dwellers (d) Common people

19. Which of the following is true with reference to Romanticism?

(a) Concept of government by consent (b) Freedom of markets
(c) Cultural movements (d) Freedom of an individual

20. Who were the Junkers?

(a) Soldiers (b) Large landowners (c) Aristocracy (d) Nobility

21. Which one of the following areas was the most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe
after 1871?
(a) The Balkans (b) Great Britain (c) Italy (d) Germany
Match the following:
Column A Column B
Attribute Significance

1. Broken chains a. heroism

2. Breastplate with eagle b. beginning of a new era
3. Crown of oak leaves c. being freed
4. Sword d. willingness to make peace
5. Olive branch around the sword e. symbol of the German empire-strength
6. Black, red and gold tricolor f. readiness to fight
7. Rays of the rising sun g. flag of the liberal-nationalists in 1848,
banned by the Dukes of the German states
ANSWER
Column A Column B
Attribute Significance
1. Broken chains c. being freed
2. Breastplate with eagle e. symbol of the German empire-strength
3. Crown of oak leaves a. heroism
4. Sword f. readiness to fight
5. Olive branch around the sword d. willingness to make peace
6. Black, red and gold tricolor g. flag of the liberal-nationalists in 1848, banned
by the Dukes of the German states
7. Rays of the rising sun b. beginning of a new era

Picture-based Question:
Study the picture (NCERT TB Page 23) and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Identify the above figure.

(ii) Name the artist who painted the image.
(iii) What is the significance of the image?
Answer
(i) It is the painting of Germania.
(ii) The name of the artist is Philip Veit.
(iii) Germania became the allegory of the German nation. In visual representations, she wears a
crown of oak leaves, as the German oak stands for heroism.

NATIONALISM IN EUROPE – MCQ

1. When did the French Revolution start?

A. 1789 B. 1879 C. 1780 D. 1769

2. What was the political situation in France at the time?

A. Democracy B. Republic C. Sovereign State D. Absolute Monarchy

3. What emphasised the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution?
A. la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen)
B. French people in common
C. French Flag
D. idea of one nation state

4. How many colours did the new French flag have?

A. two B. tricolour C. 4 colours D. single colour

5. By whom was the Estates General elected?

A. men and women B. active citizens C. women D. senior citizens

6. What was the new name of the Estates General?

A. Federal Assembly B. States Assembly C. National Assembly D. Peoples Assembly

7. What actions were taken in the name of the nation?

A. army was formed B. social work was done
C. hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, custom duties were
abolished
D. regular meetings were held

8. What type of an administrative system was set up?

A. Federal administrative system B. Centralised administrative system
C. Regional administrative system D. Decentralised administrative system

9. Regional dialects were discouraged and………….., became the common language of the nation.
A. English B. Polish language C. French D. Italian

10. What mission did the revolutionaries declare as the destiny to the French people?
A. to liberate the peoples of Europe from despotism – to help other people of Europe to become
nations.
B. to make a one nation state
C. to become a democracy
D. to become sovereign

11. What happened when the news of the events in France reached the different cities of Europe?
A. There was tumult B. the people did not know how to react
C. students and other members of educated middle classes began setting up Jacobin clubs
D. there was confusion and dissatisfaction in the air
12. What was the purpose of the Jacobin clubs?
A. to demoralise the people B.to speak against France
C. to hold activities and campaigns D. to socialise among different races

13.What was the result of the activities and campaigns held at the Jacobin clubs?
A. prepared the way for the French armies to move to different countries
B. they brought about unrest in the society
C. they brought about crime and destruction
D. there was immediate peace

14. Which countries did the French armies move into?

A. Holland, Belgium, Switzerland and much of Italy
B. Holland and Italy
C. Holland and Belgium
D. Switzerland and Italy

15. What idea did the French armies carry abroad through the revolutionary wars?
A. Despotism B. Nationalism C. War Strategies D. Violence and bloodshed

16. What did Napoleon do in the territory that was under his control?
A. set about introducing many reforms B. set about war strategies
C. worked for peace D. worked towards democratic ideas

17. What type of rule was carried out in France during Napoleon’s time?
A. Federal rule B. Democracy C. Monarchy D. Republic

18. Napoleon had, no doubt, destroyed ……………in France.

A. Monarchy B. Democracy C. Federal rule D. Sovereignty

19. What did Napoleon do to make the system efficient and rational in France?
A. in the administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles
B. brought about different reforms
C. worked on military
D. worked on the financial conditions

20. What was the Civil Code of 1804 also known as?
A. the Administrative Code B. Code of Justice
C. the Napoleonic Code D. the National Code

21. What did the Civil Code of 1804 bring about?

A. Right by birth to all facilities of state
B. did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the
right to property.
C. no right to property
D. No right to equality

22. Which regions was the Civil Code exported to?

A. Switzerland and Italy B. Italy and Germany
C. Switzerland and Germany D. Dutch Republic, in Switzerland, in Italy and Germany

23. What did Napoleon do in the rural areas of these regions?

A. simplified administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from
serfdom and manorial due
B. made administration strict
C. encouraged the feudal system D. put taxes on the peasants

24. What changes did Napoleon bring about in the towns?

A. guild restrictions were removed, transport and communication systems were improved,
peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen enjoyed a new-found freedom.
B. Transport and communication systems were improved.
C. Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen had to pay tax
D. guild restrictions remained as they were

25. In mid-eighteenth-century Europe what was the status of Germany, Italy and Switzerland?
A. they were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous
territories
B. they were sovereign states
C. they were democracies D they were republics

26. Which territories were included under the Habsburg Empire?

A. Alpine regions – the Tyrol, Austria-Hungry and the Sudetenland , Bohemia, Lombardy and
Venetia
B. Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland
C. Bohemia, Lombardy and Venetia D. Sudetenland , Bohemia, Lombardy

27. When did industrialisation take place in France and parts of the German states?
A. 18th century B. later 18th century
C. nineteenth century D. mid 18th century

28. What is Liberalism?

A. ‘liberalism’ derives from the Latin root liber, meaning free- freedom for the individual and
equality of all before the law.
B. end of autocracy
C. equal rules for all D. liberty to the upper classes

29. What is Suffrage?

A. Right to property B. Right to Justice C. Right to vote D. Right to complain

30. In revolutionary France, the right to vote and to get elected was granted exclusively to
………………….
A. property-owning men B. all C. Men and women D. upper class

31. A merchant travelling in 1833 from Hamburg to Nuremberg to sell his goods would have had to
pass through ……………….
A. 11 customs barriers B. no custom barriers
C. 6 custom barriers D. 3 custom barriers

32. When was the customs union or zollverein formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most
of the German states?
A. 1836 B. 1834 C. 1837 D 1835

33. What did the customs union or zollverein do?

A. abolished tax
B. abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two
C. abolished tariff charges and reduced the currencies to 5
D. only abolished tariff barriers
34. When was Napoleon defeated?
A. 1815 B. 1820 C. 1817 D. 1821

35. What was conservatism?

A. strict rules on the society
B. social norms became conservative
C. monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family – should be preserved
D. different norms for different classes

36. When did the Treaty of Vienna take place and who were the participants?
A. 1816, Britain, Russia, Prussia B. 1815, Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria
C. 1820, Britain and Russia D 1817, Russia, Prussia, Austria

37. Who was Giuseppe Mazzini, what did he do?

A. French revolutionary, formed groups B. British statesman, gave a speech
C. Russian politician, wrote a book
D. Italian Revolutionary, founded two underground societies – Young Italy in Marseilles and
Young Europe in Berne and opposed monarchy

38. What happened at the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832?

A. revolutionary nationalism in Europe sparked off
B. struggle for independence amongst the Greeks began
C. Greece was recognised as an independent nation
D. European civilisation and mobilised public opinion to support its struggle against a Muslim
empire

39. In which year did Louis Philippe flee and the National Assembly was proclaimed a Republic?
A. 1846 B. 1848 C 1845 D 1847

40. When Prussia took on the leadership of the movement for national unification who was the
chief architect of the movement?
A. Otto von Bismarck B. Kaiser William I C. Giuseppe Mazzini D. Metternich

41. How many wars over seven years – with Austria, Denmark and France – ended in Prussian
victory and completed the process of unification?
A. four B. three C. six D. two

42. In January 1871 who was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles?
A. William II B Otto von Bismarck C Kaiser William I D. Metternich

43. Who had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic in the
1830s?
A. Metternich B.Otto von Bismarck C. Giuseppe Mazzini D. Napoleon

44. In 1861 ……………. was proclaimed king of united Italy.

A. Victor Emmanuel II B. Kaiser William I C. Napoleon D. Giuseppe Mazzini

45………………..is perhaps the most celebrated of Italian freedom fighters, (1807-82)

A. Giuseppe Mazzini B. Metternich
C. Otto von Bismarck D. Giuseppe Garibaldi
46. Which area was the most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871?
A. Southern Europe B. mid Europe
C. Balkan States D. Eastern States

47. Each power – Russia, Germany, England, Austro-Hungary – was keen on countering the hold of
other powers over the Balkans, this became one of the major reasons for …………
A. First World War B. Second World War
C. Fall of the Ottoman Empire D. Integration of the Balkan States

48. When was Ireland forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom?
A. 1798 B. 1801 C. 1800 D. 1799