Interna tional Jo urna l o f Pharma cog no sy and Clinica l Resea rch 20 23 ; 5(2 ): 04 -11

ISSN Print: 2664-763X

ISSN Online: 2664-7648
Impact Factor: RJIF 8.00
Formulation and evaluation of Murraya koenigii and
IJPCR 2023; 5(2): 04-11
www.pharmacognosyjournal.in
Trigonella foenum for hair promoting activity with
Received: 09-04-2023 natural care
Accepted: 16-05-2023

Anjali Jadhav
Abasaheb Kakade College of B.
Anjali Jadhav
Pharmacy Bodhegaon, Tal.
Shevgaon, Dist. Ahmednagar, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/2664763X.2023.v5.i2a.34
Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The purpose of evaluation and formulation of polyherbal oil is to give influence the overall appearance
of a person. In traditional system, herbs used for many medicinal purposes. The herb used to modify the
texture of hair and apply on hair to treat the baldness, discoloration of hair, prevent hair loss, dryness of
hair, etc. The aim of present work is to formulate the herbal hair oil from leaves of curry, fenugreek
seed, onion extract, aloe vera, coconut oil, amla powder. The formulation was evaluated by different
properties such as Viscosity, pH, Irritation test, Grittiness, Organoleptic properties, Refractive Index,
Saponification value.

Keywords: Hair, herbal hair oil, fenugreek seed, onion extract, aloe vera, coconut oil

Introduction
The concept of beauty and cosmetics are used form ancient times to enhance the appearance
of human body. Mostly in ancient civilisation the herbs are only the cosmetics products
which is used for their lesser side effects and more effectiveness. Hairs play an important role
in human life. Hair has a protective role against the adverse effect of environment. For
example, temperature.
Hairs are made up of cortical cells are composed of a protein, known as keratin. Keratin is a
helical protein. There are two types of keratin fibres exist and they are: type I are acidic
amino acid residues and type II are basic amino residues. Hair is one of the vital parts of our
body. Hair influences the overall elegance of human being.
In Traditional Indian System of medicine many plants and herbal formulations are reported
as hair growth promoter and improvement of quality of hair as well. Herbal formulations are
known for their use since ancient times, because the herbal oils show minimum side effects
and they have more activity for recovery of their related diseases. These hair oils are used to
treat the hair problems like thinning of hairs, dryness and other. The hair oils are also useful
for improve blood circulation in scalp and prevent dandruff also [1].

Hair anatomy
Hair oil or hair care products are categorized into two category, hair tonics and hair
grooming aids. These are basically the extracts of medicinal plants in the form of oil. Today
personal care products containing ingredient from the herb origin, which are getting an
increasing trend in the pharmaceutical world. The nature oil is non sticky and addition of
perfumes enhances the fragrance. The human hair is divided into three main morphological
constituents, also components of the hair follicle: cuticle, cortex and medulla.

Physiology of hair
Corresponding Author:
Hair growth cycle
Anjali Jadhav Hair development is a continuous cyclic process and all mature follicles go through a growth
Abasaheb Kakade College of B. cycle consisting of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), rest (telogen) phases. The duration
Pharmacy Bodhegaon, Tal. of the phase changes based on the location of the hair and so personal nutritional and
Shevgaon, Dist. Ahmednagar, hormonal status and age.
Maharashtra, India

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Fig 1: Structure of the hair

Anagen: Almost 85-90% of all scalp hairs are in anagen.  To promote hair growth and smooth and shiny hair. To
Dermal papilla formation is realized and the new hair shaft prevent dandruff, hair greying, split end, etc.
appears from the skin. This phase can last up to 6-8 years.  To find out the hair related problems, causes of hair
loss, white and grey color of hair.
Catagen: At the end of anagen, mitotic activity of the  Identify the herbs that can recover the hair, and improve
matrix cells is diminished and the follicle enters a highly the treatment for them.
controlled involution phase known as catagen. Catagen lasts
approximately 2 weeks in humans folicle site and follicle Materials and Methods: The polynomial herb oil was
type. prepared by collecting various plant materials such as:
 Coconut oil
Telogen: The telogen stage is defined as the duration  Curry Leaves
between the completion of follicular regression and the  Fenugreek seed
onset of the next anagen phase. Telogen stage lasts for 2-3  Aloe Vera
months and Approximately 10-15% of all hair is in telogen  Amla
stage.  Onion

Different type of dandruff: Dandruff types may be Coconut oil

common on the scalp, there are some that could from on Synonyms: coconut water, edible nut, copra oil.
different parts of the body. Just as there are different causes
of dandruff, there are different types of dandruff. Seborrheic Biological name: Cocos Nucifera, is important member of
dandruff, Fungal dandruff, Psoriasis dandruff, Sebum family Arecaceae (palm family) popularly known as
dandruff [2]. coconut, coco, etc.

Aim and Objective

 To control on hair loss and premature hair greying.
 The main purpose of the preparation of herbal hair oil
as, it contains less side effects and more benefits to the
hair.
 They promote nourishment to hair and also hydrate the
scalp.
 The youngsters and adults are mostly, have the hair
problem due to life style and busy schedule and
unhealthy diet.
 The motive of this is, to make healthy and naturally
shiny and long hairs of women and men.

Objective
 To promote the hair damage and loss protect against the Fig 2: coconut oil
pollution and changing climate.
 To provide nourishment and essential nutrients to the Uses: Coconut oil contains a high concentration of lauric
hair, such as vitamin and mineral. acid (about 50%), a fatty acid with a strong affinity for
proteins found in the hair. All parts of the fruit of coconut
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tree can be used. Both the green coconut water and solid Biological source: Trigonella Foenum Graecum. It is a
albumin ripe fruit are used industrially and in home cooking annual plant belongs to family Leguminosae.
in many ways. Coconut oil can improve the health condition
of your hair. It works by helping prevent protein loss in your
hair. It is beneficial to apply to the hair both before and after
washing it. Coconut oil reduced protein loss in hair, protein
loss cause by undamaged, bleached, chemically treated and
UV exposed. Additionally, several parts of natural of the
fruit and plant have been used by people in different
countries for the treatment of various pathological
conditions. Currently, the use of natural coconut water is
growing. Industry is using this for as a raw material for
carpets, car seed stuffing and in agricultural as fertilizers. (4)

Curry leaves
Synonyms: Allspice, Anise, Aniseed

Biological source Fig 4: Fenugreek seed

Murraya koenigii (L) spreng. The tree is small, strong and
smelling perennial shrub commonly found in forests as Uses
undergrowth the family Rutaceae. These Seeds are used as natural home remedy for thinning
hair. Fenugreek seeds can promote hair scalp health.
Fenugreek seed has long been used to treat condition that
leads to dry, irritation skin, including dandruff. The seeds
effectively treat all causes of dandruff and scalp irritation.
They possess anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, moisturizing,
skin soothing and wound healing properties. Protein,
essential fats, zinc, iron are some of the nutrients that may
play a role in supporting hair growth properly [6].

Aloe Vera
Synonym: Aloe barbadensis Mill, Aloe barbadensis var.
chinensis haw, Aloe elongate Murray, Aloe indica royle.

Biological source
Aloe barbadensis miller. It belongs to family Asphodelaceae
(Liliaceae). It is shrubby, perennial, xerophytic, succulent,
Fig 3: Curry leaves pea-green colour plant.

Uses
Curry leaves contain vitamin C and vitamin B, protein and
anti-oxidant, which promote healthy circulation to the blood
vessels in the scalp and boost overall health of scalp. Curry
leaves for hair are extremely useful as they are loaded with
sources of amino acid. Add shine to hair, prevent the
premature greying of the hair and provide nutrients. Curry
leaves are packed with essential nutrients, vitamins, and
proteins that help nourishes the scalp, and strengthen the
hair follicles, and they also prevent the hair loss. Nutrients
are like calcium, iron, and phosphorous, used to provide
nutrients. They have ability to fight and treat fungal,
bacterial and protozoal infections. Thus, they clear dandruff.
Curry leaves are fully loaded with anti-oxidants and
alkaloids, help repair hair damage. Curry leaves contain an
oil that acts as a magic remedy to improve the scalp health.
Fig 5: Aloe vera
The antioxidant-rich oil nourishes the scalp while they
remove the all type of dead skin cells. They are full of
Uses
vitamin B 5 which work wonders for strengthening hair
It’s beneficial for many skin problems like wounds, acne
from the roots. The vitamin B5 also helps to fight split end
and burns. Aloe vera is also consumed as food and drinks
formation and breakage [5].
and may have benefits for inflammatory bowel disease,
diabetes, hepatitis and more. Strengthens hair: Aloe vera has
Fenugreek seed
many active ingredients and minerals that can help
Synonyms: Herbaceous plant, Genus Trigonella, Greek
strengthen your hair. It has fatty acids and amino acids and
clover, Chandrika, Methi.
is rich in vitamins A, B 12, C, E. these plays role in healthy
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hair follicles. Controls greasy hair: Aloe vera has enzymes

that break down fats and so strips your hair of any extra oil
(sebum). Aloe vera protect from UV damage: UV exposure
can cause your hair to lose its shine and colour, and make it
rough and less elastic, leading to break the hair. Aloenin is a
chemical compound in the plant, is a primary factor in
promoting hair growth, as found in people with a hair loss
condition called alopecia. It has been used to improve hair
growth and lessen breakage, which contribute to hair
growth. Aloe vera gel is used commercially as an ingredient
in yogurts, some desserts, but at high or prolonged doses,
ingesting aloe latex or whole leaf extract can of topical aloe
vera in small amounts is likely to be safe [7].

Amla
Synonym: Emblica officinalis, Indian gooseberry, Emblic
myrobalans, and Amla
Fig 7: Onion
Biological source: Emblica Officinalis is a medium size tree
belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. Uses
Onion juice hepls improve blood circulation to scalp thereby
providing proper nutrition to the hair follicles. It is believed
to not only soothe the scalp, and strengthen the strands but
also lead to new hair growth. A study tested that the
effectiveness of onion juice fot hiar in treating Alopecia
areata (patchy, non-scarring hair loss condition). Soothes the
scalp: Onion juice has natural anti-inflammatory properties
that help to soothe the scalp irritation and regulate the scalp
and promote a healthy scalp.
Controls the dandruff: Owing to its anti-microbial and anti-
fungal properties, onion helps control seasonal dandruff and
nicely cleanses the scalp. Prevent Greying: Onion juice is
also believed to help with controlling premature greying. It
contains a compund ‘catalase’ that is known to help control
the early greying of roots and help restore the natural colour
of the hair. Revitalises dry hair: Onions are rich in
Fig 6: Amla powder
flavonoids that act as anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory
agents. They play a vital role in nourishing the scalp by
Uses
enhancing blood flow in the scalp thereby revitalising dry
Amla has a property to condition your hairs. They promote
and damaged hair [9].
healthy hair growth, and improve the tone of henna hair
dyes. They minimize the greying of hair. Boost the volume
History
of hair, also reduce the dandruff along with this treat the lice
Ancient Egyptian gave special attentation to hair and images
on head. Amla consists of active constituent that vitamin E
of hairdresser. Archic texts found during this era had
supports to healthy circulation while applying the amla
information about ‘recipies’ used by the Egyptians to cure
topically on hair may promote healing and cell regeneration
baldness. During this time of period people used combs and
in given area. The topical application of amla delivers the
ointments to groom and style their hair for good looking.
Vitamin C, Tannins, Phosphorous, Iron, Calcium. The
Ancient Egyptian used castor and almond oil to moisture
vitamin C and anti-oxidants can help skin cells regenerate.
and protection of hair:- Ancient Egyptians was a hot and
This may promote a healthier scalp and also minimizing
dry. Hair moisturses gave protection from that climate. The
dandruff and resulting in healthier hair. In 2017 preliminary
Egyptian women massage their hair castor oil and almond
study, which was taken on a mice and they found that a
oil onto their scalp, for which, they believed also promoted
patented herbal mixture containing amla powder might
hair growth. Assyrian hairstyling involving iron bars and
stimulate hair growth among people who experience the hair
fire:- Assryian kings around 1500 BC, liked to curly
loss mostly [8].
hairstyles. To achieve the look, they had hair curled with
iron bars with heated that iron bars in the fire. Now a days
Onion
we used hair dryer and straightners for give shape to hair.
Synonyms: Allium Cepa, green onion, Spanish onion, Bulb
There are numerous ancient beauty secrets that the people
onion, spring onion, vidalia onion.
used to stay beautiful in those days. The best remedies are
used by the queens only. Nearly all our queens were known
Biological Source
to be beautiful and they spend hours to taking care of their
An onion is Allium Cepa L. from Latin cepa means ‘onion’
skin and hair. In India, the royalty of queens were in their
also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a
long and shiny, lustrous hair [10].
vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of genus
Allium. Belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae.
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Our queens used home remedies or Ayurvedic remedies

because they have less chemical based products. These
remedies gave them long asting beauty. They look special
care of their hair and hair growth as hair were a huge sign of
beauty and personality.

The origin of beauty and hair care in India

The story behind the evolution of beauty and hair care
industries are long. The usage of beauty products and
cosmetics has been a tradition in India. Actually, the earliest
records of cosmetics products and their application date
back to indus valley civilization, 1550 BC.
The best ancient Indian hair care secrets are as following:

Oiling
The oil is best ancient Indian hair growth secrets, oiling is
crucial to getting the desired and effective hair growth.
Indian hair care focuses on hair oils.
The olive oil, Almond oil, Good old Castor oil or a mixture Fig 8: Preparation of virgin coconut oil
of thsese oils, and its become a part of hair care related
routine. Pollution, heat, chemicals and sun drys damage and Extraction of herbs
make them dry. So, it is necessary to get back moistures.  Coconut oil: (Virgin coconut oil) Take 5 large coconut,
The hairs oil moistures and deeply conditions the scalp and flesh form shell, rinse with water, then cut into small
roots from where the rest of your hair gets the nutition to pieces. Blend the small pieces into blender with water,
promote health. The hair get oiling massage to improves blend until smooth paste and milky paste is visible.
blood fow and stimultes the hair follicle for hair growth. Take the milk into a bowl, then cover for overnight (12
hr) for fermentation to begin, the cream is settles at the
Shikakai top. Place into freezer for 30-45 min, until the top
Shikakai termed as ‘Fruit for hair’ is a natural product of become hard. Now remove the top layer from water and
herbs to cleance the hair. It can be used as a homemade heat it in a pot over medium flame. Stirring
shampoos that are free from chemical. Shikakai strengthens occasionally to prevent burning, until the oil has been
the hair naturally and promote the hair growth. It keeps the separated and allow to cool and strain.
scalp clean and healthy by maintaining pH level of it. And  Curry Leaves: Take 12-15 leaves of curry. Wash them,
fight the infections. Shikakai also have properties to prevent and let them dried. Then the leaves directly add into oil
the greying of hair. and boil it. Boiled the leaves until the leaves become
brown.
Egg  Amla: Take amla fruit and cut into small pieces, dry it
Eggs contain all nutrient that are require fir hair. Egg white under sunlight. After drying, blend it and make a
acts as a perfect substitute for all the shampoos. To use the smooth powder.
egg, apply it to the roots and allow them to absorb all the  Onion oil: Take 2 onion and cut into small pieces,
nutrients for 15-20 min. Eggs deeply nourish your hair and blend in blender and make a paste of it. Then filter the
provide them the nutrient which they needed. This hence paste through a cloth. The water is collected as onion
they promotes hair growth. Indian hair secrets also suggest oil.
using the eggs to condition the hair.  Aloe vera: Take aloe vera leaf, wash it. Cut the aloe
vera in 2 parts and separate out the gel, and preserve
Gooseberry gel.
Gooseberry is used in India for well-known use of them.
The gooseberry is used along with lemon, It definitely roots Method and Preparation of Polyherbal Hair Oil
the hair growth and keep the hair healthy. They have high 1. Herbs are weight by using weighing balance whereas
vitamin c source to stimulates collagen production and helps oil are measured through pipette.
with hair growth [11]. 2. The oil and herbs are mixed together in a vessel.
3. 3 The above mixture is then allowed to boil on low
Table 1: Formulation of Polyherbal Hair Oil flame with continuous stirring. So, as to avoid the
Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity adherence of the medicinal plants to the bottom of the
1 Curry leaves 5gm vessel.
2 Fenugreek seed 5gm 4. At this step moisture of the medicinal plant commenced
3 Amla 5gm to evaporate so it is agitated frequently and carefully
4 Aloe Vera 5ml ensure that the mixture does not stick at the bottom of
5 Onion 5ml vessel.
6 Coconut oil 50ml 5. The herbs are taken out from time to time to know the
7 Perfume q.s. condition and stage of mixture of oil.
6. As further heating to the content, the oil starts to form a
froth. This is the condition where all the active

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ingredients of medicinal plants starts to concentrate in 7. In the next step, the mixture is filtered.
oil. 8. The collected strain is final herbal hair oil product.

Table 2: Phytochemical Test

Sr. No. Herb Phytochemical test Inference
Test for tannins and phenolic compounds
Ferric Chloride Test: To the aq. Extract few drops of fecl3 solution were Presence/Absence of tannins and phenolic
1 Coconut Oil
added. compounds
Test for Amino Acids
Fenugreek Ninhydrin Test: The aq. extract is treated with solution NaOH and lead
2 Presence/Absence of amino acids
seed acetate solution and boiled.
Test for Flavonoids Compounds
3 Curry leaves Shinoda Test: To ethanol extract, add few drops of lead acetate solution. Presence/Absence of flavonoids compounds
Test of tannins and phenolic compounds
Presence/Absence of tannins and phenolic
4 Aloe vera Ferric Chloride: To the aq. Extract few drops of fecl3 solution were added.
compounds
Test for Flavonoids Compounds
5 Onion Shinoda Test: To ethanol extract, add few drops of lead acetate solution. Presence/Absence of flavonoids compounds
Test of tannins and phenolic compounds
Presence/Absence of tannins and phenolic
6 Amla Ferric Chloride: To the aq. Extract few drops of fecl3 solution were added.
compounds

Evaluation Parameter  Sensitivity Test: The prepared herbal hair oil was
The general characters like color and odor were evaluated applied on 1cm skin of the hand exposed to sunlight for
manually and the physical evaluation was carried out by 4-5 minutes.
testing the evaluation parameters such as specific gravity,  Saponification value: 2 g of oil was accurately
ph, viscosity, refractive index, acid value, saponification weighed and transferred into a 250 ml iodine flask.
value. 25ml of 0.5M alcoholic KOH was added and boiled
 Specific Gravity: Take the specific gravity bottle, rinse under reflux in a water bath for 30 min.
it with distilled water, dry it in the oven for 15 min, Phenolphthalein was added as an indicator and titrated
cool, close it with a cap and weigh it (a). Now fill the against 0.5 m HCL (a) similarly blank was performed
same specific gravity bottle with the herbal hair oil and (b) without the sample. Saponification value: 28.05 (b-
close it with a cap and again weigh it (b). Determine the a)/W.
weight of the sample per milliliter by subtracting the  Viscosity: It is an index of resistance of a liquid to
weight (b-a). flow, the higher the viscosity of a liquid, the greater is
 pH: The pH of polynomial hair oil was determined by the resistance flow. The viscosity was determined by
using a pH meter. The most accurate common means of using Ostwald’s viscometer.
measuring pH is through a lab device called probe and
meter or simply, a pH meter. The probe consist of a Result
glass electrode through which a small voltage is passed.
Thermometer, a voltmeter, measure the electronic Table 3: Evaluation Parameter
impedance in the glass electrode and displays pH units Sr. No. Parameters Observation
instead of volts. A pH meter typically has to be 1 Color Brown
calibrated before each use with two standard liquid 2 Odor Characteristic
solution of known pH. Measurement is made by 3 Grittiness No
submerging the probe in the hair oil until a reading is 4 Viscosity Low
registered in the pH meter. 5 pH 6.49
 Organoleptic property: Color, odor, skin irritation 6 Specific Gravity 0.845
was determined manually. Oil was applied on hand and 7 Sensitivity test No Irritation
exposed to sunlight for 5 min to check for any irritation 8 Saponification value 239.10
over skin. 9 Acid value 2.5

Table 4: Phytochemical Screening

Sr. No. Test Observation Inference
1 Tannins Test – Coconut oil, Aloe vera, Amla Dark black color form Positive
2 Amino Acid Test – Fenugreek seed No black ppt is form Positive (White ppt observed)
3 Flavonoids Test- Curry Leaves, onion oil Yellow ppt formed Positive

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Fig 9: Flavonoid test for curry leaves Fig 10: Flavonoids test for Aloe vera

Fig 11: Flavonoids test for Onion Fig 12: Tannins test for Coconut oil

Discussion the hair oil have characteristic odor. There is no grittiness

In day-to-day our life style has been changed, so differently. observe, Acid value is 4.488 with specific Gravity is 0.79.
The workload increases, along with this. Hypertension, The phytochemical parameter and evaluation test were give
stress, migraine, lack of sleep, unhygienic food, etc. 99% positive test.
people are suffer from these problems but due to the daily
life schedule, they ignore the hair problem. And after some Conclusion
time they may be face to the alopecia disease. The Hair loss is a major problem associated with normal
Herbal hair oil is most widely used hair oil, it used widely changes. Many of the people were complaining about, they
because they have versatile effects to hair. They provide suffer from alopecia. The baldness of a person depressed
goodness to hair. The harbal hair oil is rich in nutrients them and low their confidence and sometimes the most of
which acts as a food to the hair. In that condition, some people do not come in contact with others or they isolate
people consult the physician and are not able to face any themselves. Mostly the young population have problems due
other with this, and if any serious condition they may to pollution, dust, junk food and other chemical hair
isolated themsleves. And never want to talk about this. products. So, the herbal hair oils are used widely for their
While doing this, they loss their self confidance. less side effects and more beneficial activities. The herbal
The herbal hair oil consist of coconut oil, curry leaves, hair oil is most commonly used all over the India. These hair
fenugreek seed, amla powder, aloevera, onion oil, banyan oil are have versatile effect to the hair. Herbs improves the
tree, jasmine flower. They were used for their effect against appearance of person and stay confidant. They are made up
the hair related problem. They were used for their effect of various herbs accroding to their benefits of hair. They are
against the hair related problem. The phytochemical treating the hair from pollution and other hair loss problem,
parameter and evaluation test were give positive results. The like alopecia, pre-mature greying of hair. Hair oil are well
prepared formulation is brown is color. The pH is 6.83 and known formulation to hair treatments. Herbal hair oil used
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to moistures the scalp, and help in the dry condition, they

act as anti-dandruff and have hair thickinning properties.
They promote the healthy and shiny hair growth and play
important role in hair conditioning.

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