Experiment no.
8
Case Study: -Condition Monitoring on Centrifugal Pump
Introduction:
1. Introduction to Centrifugal Pump:
A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device designed to move a fluid by means of the transfer
of rotational energy from one or more driven rotors, called impellers. Fluid enters the rapidly
rotating impeller along its axis and is cast out by centrifugal force along its circumference
through the impeller's vane tips.
2. Centrifugal Pump Specifications:
The centrifugal pump has the following specifications
• power: 1.5 kW.
• voltage : 415V
• max suction: 8m
• capacity: 24000 l/hr.
• discharge head: 15m
• flow: 90L
• speed: 1410 rpm
3. Components:
A Centrifugal Pump typically consists of several key components:
• Shaft: The shaft is the central unit in a centrifugal pump’s rotor system. It bears the
impellers, mechanical seal and the bearings of the pump.
• Impeller: The impeller is connected to the shaft and it rotates at the same speed as the
shaft, which is powered by some sort of power device like a motor, engine or hydraulic
unit.
• Bearing: Bearings absorb the radial and axial forces that are caused during pump
operations and help keep the pump shaft aligned which is needed for the pump to operate
at peak efficiency and reliability.
• Diffuser: Diffusers and volutes are two variants of centrifugal pump casings responsible
for containing the fluids and is where the fluid pressure is generated.
• Mechanical seals: The mechanical seal or packings are crucial pump components
designed to keep the liquid being contained inside the casing from leaking out along the
rotating shaft. The mechanical seal or packing are housed within the casing cover that
forms the back of the casing.
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4. Function:
Centrifugal pumps operate on the principle of centrifugal force. The process can be
summarized as follows:
Fluid Intake: The pump's suction nozzle draws fluid into the pump, creating a low-pressure
region.
Impeller Rotation: As the impeller rotates, it accelerates the fluid, imparting kinetic energy to
it.
Centrifugal Force: The rapidly spinning impeller throws the fluid outward due to centrifugal
force. This action increases the fluid's velocity.
Pressure Increase: As the fluid exits the impeller, it enters the volute or diffuser casing, where
the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, increasing the fluid's pressure.
Fluid Discharge: The high-pressure fluid is then expelled from the pump through the
discharge nozzle.
5. Power Ratio
The power ratio for a centrifugal pump refers to the ratio of the power output (in the form of
hydraulic power) to the power input (in the form of mechanical power) required to operate the
pump. This ratio is essential for assessing the efficiency of the pump and can be used to
determine how effectively the pump is converting mechanical energy into fluid flow.
The power ratio can be calculated using the following formula:
Power Ratio = (Hydraulic Power Out) / (Mechanical Power In)
6. Maintenace
Cleaning and maintenance of a centrifugal pump are essential to ensure its long-term
reliability and efficient operation. Regular maintenance helps prevent breakdowns, extends
the pump's lifespan, and ensures that it operates at its optimal performance. Here are some
key steps and considerations for cleaning and maintaining a centrifugal pump:
Lubrication:
Check the lubrication system if the pump has bearings. Lubricate or grease bearings
according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
Impeller Inspection ( damage due to cavitation)
Remove the pump cover and inspect the impeller for any damage or debris. Clean the
impeller if necessary.
Seals and Gaskets:
Examine all seals and gaskets and replace them as needed to prevent leaks.
Bearings: Check the condition of bearings, and replace them if they are loose or noisy.
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Motor Alignment:
Ensure the motor is properly aligned with the pump to prevent excessive vibration and
bearing wear.
Couplings:
Inspect couplings for wear, misalignment, and excessive play. Realign or replace couplings
as necessary.
Observation Table.
S Location of Acceleration Velocity Displacement
r Vibro sensor (m/s2) (m/s) (m)
N
o
.
1 Motor 14 14.3 14.4 32 34 34 0.03 0.03 0.03
2 Pump 45 49.1 59.3 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.2
3 Water tank 85 10.1 9 7 6 8 0.6 0.8 0.5
4 Pump Motor 33.1 47.2 59.2 10.2 11.5 14.2 0.2 0.4 0.5
Mounting
7. Conclusion
The performance of the centrifugal pump was assessed, and recommendations for improving
its performance and reliability have been provided. It is crucial to address these
recommendations to ensure the pump continues to operate efficiently and meet the
operational requirement.
MADE BY
HRUSHIKESH CHORGE
FARAN ANSARI
SAGAR DHANAJI
