Scientific Foundations
of Health
Unit-1
Health- its importance, factors
What Is health?
In 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO)
constitution states :
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease
and infirmity”.
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A. Physical
Physical health is the state of being free from illness and
injury.
1. Fitness:
Exercise regularly
Maintain weight
Stay active
Rest
A. Physical
Physical health is the state of being free from illness and
injury.
2. Nutrition: The process of providing or obtaining
the food necessary for health and growth
Balanced diet
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
A. Physical
Physical health is the state of being free from illness and
injury.
2. Nutrition: The process of providing or obtaining
the food necessary for health and growth
Balanced diet
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
A. Physical
Physical health is the state of being free from illness and
injury.
3.Medical self care: WHO defines self care as
“the ability of individuals, families and
communities to promote health, prevent
diseases, maintain health and to cope with illness
and disability with or without the support of
health care provider.
Routine health check ups
Proper vaccination
A. Physical
Physical health is the state of being free from illness and
injury.
4. Control of substance abuse:
Avoid smoking , alcohol and drugs
Avoid addiction
B.Mental
Mental health is a state of well-being in which an
individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope
with the normal stresses of life, can work productively
and is able to make a contribution to his or her
community
1. Emotional:
Identifying and nurturing feelings and
conscious inner state
Journaling
Practice gratitude & positive mindset
Meditation
B.Mental
Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual
realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal
stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a
contribution to his or her community
2. Psychological:
Guided meditation
Deep breathing
Manage social media time
Connect with others
Stress management
C.Social
Social well being is sense of belonging to community
and making contribution to society
Being connected with friends, family and
community
Giving and receiving support
Having meaningful relationships
Being active member of society
Caring for and about others
Emotion: Subjective state of Mind,
Reaction to Internal or external
stimuli Stimuli.
Intellect : A person’s Mental abilities.
reasoning and understanding objectively.
Psychological: Arising in mind. Related to
mental and emotional State of a person.
Physiological : Related to body, its parts and
working
Spiritual : Related to Soul
or Human Spirit. No material
or physical things.
Why is health important?
Health is the body's functional and metabolic efficiency, and its
ability to adapt to the physical, mental, and social changes that
it is exposed to.
A healthy person is a person who is able to serve himself,
his nation and his community.
Presence of healthy individuals in society, meansthe
presence of productive individuals who possess the power
and the ability to give and serve.
Psychologically healthy people feel comfortable and happy in
their lives. They enjoy life well, establishing his relationships with
people and showing love and kindness.
A healthy person who is far from the disease sees him saving
money that he would have spent on the disease if he
neglected his health
Why Is Health Important Now?
Social distancing and the loss of routine can create
pressure both physically and psychologically. Parallelly, all
are enforced to perform at the same level.
Many people are struggling to work full-time remotely
while simultaneously caring for their family at home.
Health workers are overloaded.
Take time to listen to body and mind (physically,
mentally, emotionally).
Positive self talk, meditation, Yoga.
Why Is Health Important Now?
Nutrition : Healthy food
Physically active: Move your body
Rest: Prioritize sleep
Socialize virtually: Find ways to connect socially
Find ways to ease stress
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
Why is health important now?
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What influences Health?
Social and economic environment
Physical environment
Person’s individual characteristics and behaviors.
Income and social status
Education
Employment and working conditions
Social support networks
Culture.
Genetics
Personal behavior and coping skills
Health services - access
Gender
https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/determinants-of-health
What influences Health?
https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/determinants-of-health
What influences Health?
Health Beliefs
Health beliefs are what people believe about their health, what they think constitutes
their health, what they consider the cause of their illness, and ways to overcome an
illness it.
Health beliefs are culturally determined, and all come together to form larger health
belief systems.
HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR
Health behaviors are actions individuals take that affect their
health.
Behavioral factors such as physical activity and diet, tobacco
use, alcohol abuse, disease screening etc. exert strong
influence on health
Health and Advertisements
Health related
A notice or announcement advertisement are for Fitness,
in a public medium Medical, Wellness,
Advertising means:
promoting a product, Pharmaceutical & Health
newspaper, TV, radio,
service, or event or brands. Advertisements
magazine, internet, etc.
publicizing a job vacancy is extensively discuss food and
called Advertisement. nutrition, tobacco, alcohol,
and prescription drugs.
Research indicates that these health-
related communications can have
significant and measurable effects
on consumer cognitions, emotions, Food products, Health supplements, Health instruments, Health
and behaviors. 48% of people Gyms, group workouts, anti-aging
exposed to the health-promoting products, insurance, beauty products
advertisements made searches
within the next month for weight loss
information.
Advertisement has both
positive and negative
influence on health
Good Health Benefits
Short Term Benefits
Maintain weight
Feel better i.e. Good energy and mood
Improved mental clarity
Supports daily activities and help recovery
More resilient to pressure and stress
Better Stress Management
Avoid Addictions
Protect Eyesight
Lower Medical Costs
High Self-Esteem 13
Good Health Benefits
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Good Health Benefits
Long Term Good Health Benefits
Live happy life
Longer life span.
More energy to purse dreams.
Maintains weight and physical appearance
Increased Immunity
Great sense of well being: Enhanced self- esteem
Improves overall quality of life.
Role model to others
Good health has positive influence.
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Health and Society
Society is an organization or club formed for a particular
purpose or activity.
An individual’s social environment can positively or negatively
affect a person’s health
Social environment factors: A social environment has to do
with the culture and relationships that surround an individual.
Occupation and income status
Education
Family and friends
Access to health care
Social Environment and Weight Gain
Social Environment and mental health
Social Environment and Disease Onset
Health And Family
“Family is a group of biologically- related persons living
together and sharing the
common kitchen and purse”.
The health of one member affects the welfare of other
members in the family.
Every family is unique and it is affected by ever aspect of
community life.
Family health is “a state of positive interaction between
family members which enables each members of the
family to enjoy optimum physical, mental, social and
spiritual well-being”.
Health And
Family
Functions of family:
Socialization of family members.
Economic stability.
Care of dependent members.
Emotional support for members.
Satisfy social, intellectual, emotional and psychological needs
of family
Upbringing children for behavior and social approved conduct.
Sense of family identification
Interaction among family members in health, disease,
counselling and rehabilitation
Health And Family
Determinants of family health
Living and working conditions
Physical environment
Psycho-social environment
Education and economic
factors
Health practices
Cultural factors
Gender
Genes
Personality traits are generally defined as a person’s
characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Health
Introverts(people
and
who are typically quiet, reserved,
introspective) and extroverts (people who are social and
and outgoing)
Personality
Optimistic (People who are positive and assume good
things last) and pessimistic (people who have negative
feelings).
Neurotic (people who experience anxiety, depression, shy,
self-doubt)
Conscientious (people who are high-achieving,
dependable, careful)
Resilient (people adapting well to adversity, trauma,
tragedy or stress)
Narcissistic (self-centered people)
Personality traits may influence whether a person engages
in health-enhancing or health-damaging behaviors.
Health and Profession
Work-related problems can affect our physical, emotional
and mental health.
Common causes of work-related stress are :
Job dissatisfaction
Workplace injury
Stress
Discrimination, bullying, violence
Retirement
Long hours
Heavy workload Job insecurity
Poor pay Conflicts with co-workers or bosses.
Boredom Unemployment
Safety issues
No promotions
Health and Profession
The stress of dealing with changing work circumstances that
are out of your control can increase the risk of health
problems such as anxiety and depression
Disparities of health in different vulnerable groups
Health disparity is “a particular type of health difference
that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or
environmental disadvantage” . Certain groups in the society
often encounter discriminatory treatment and need special
attention to avoid potential exploitation are called
vulnerable Groups
Race and ethnicity: caste classifications
Gender.
Sexual identity and orientation.
Disability status or special health care needs.
Geographic location (rural, urban and migrants)
Link for YouTube videos/ Animation videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71_NkXgAK1g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwuahwbIBnE
