GOVERNANCE
ETYMOLOGY
The word ―governance‖ came from the Latin verb ―gubernare,‖ or more originally from
the Greek word ―kubernaein,‖ which means ―to steer.‖ Based on its etymology governance
refers to the manner of steering or governing a group of people or a state.
• Definition
“In simpler terms, Governance is defined as the action or manner of governing a
state oran organization”
“The manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country's
economicand social resources for development” World
Bank
“Governance can be seen as the exercise of economic, political and administrative
authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels”
U
NDP
WHAT IS STATE?
According to Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of State, a state
shouldpossess
• A defined territory
• A permanent population
• A government
• Capacity to enter into relations with other states
• Governance Structure
Legislature Executive
Makes the enforces the
Laws laws
Judiciary
Interprets the laws
Legislature Executive Judiciary Informal Instits
• Parliament • Prime Minister • Supreme Court • Media 4th pillar
• NA lower house • President • High Court • Civil Society
• Senate Upper House • Cabinet/Ministries • Lower Court • NGO‘s
• Standing Committees • Bureaucracy • Specialized • Community
• Specialized • Civil Secretariat Courts Boards
Committees • Policy • Ombudsman
• Provincial/Local Implementing
Govts institutions
ROLE OF GOVERNANCE IN A NATION’S SUCCESS
• An effective governance structure must be in place as a foundation for the
effectiveimplementation of policies.
• Effective Coordination of governance institutions is a benchmark for success.
• Robust governance mechanism creates a bulwark against abuse of power and social ills.
• Acemoglu and Robinson‘s central argument in book Why Nations Fail
PROBLEMS IN GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE OF PAKISTAN
• Lack of ‘trias politica’ (Montesquieu’s Separation of Powers)
• No system of Checks and Balances (US system of Checks and Balances)
• Blame the other games
• Overstepping of institutions
• Absence of policy Coordination among institutions
• Lack of Policy Cohesion
• Fragile institutions of Jinnah‘s nation
• Absence of institutional approach
• Absence of Community based Governance approach
LESSONS FROM THE SUCCESSFUL NATIONS:
• Singaporean Governance model
• Madisonian Governance Model
GLOBAL AGENCIES AND THE IDEA OF GOOD GOVERNANCE
• Participation
• Accountability
• Rule of Law
• Transparency
• Consensus
• Efficiency
• Equity
• Responsiveness
• Strategic Vision
GOVERNANCE CRISIS IN PAKISTAN
• Tussle over Administrative Control in Karachi
• Article 149
Directions to Provinces in certain cases.—The executive authority of every Province shall
be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive authority of the
Federation, and the executive authority of the Federation shall extend to the giving of such
directions to a Province as may appear to the Federal Government to be necessary for that purpose.
The executive authority of the Federation shall also extend to the giving of directions to
a Province as to the construction and maintenance of means of communication declared in the
direction to be of national or strategic importance.
The executive authority of the Federation shall also extend to the giving of directions to
a Province as to the manner in which the executive authority thereof is to be exercised for
the purpose of preventing any grave menace to the peace or tranquillity or economic life of
Pakistan or any part thereof.
NFC AWARD: DEBATE OVER RESOURCES BETWEEN FEDERATION
AND FEDERATING UNITS
• Vertical distribution
• Province : 57.5%
• Federation : 42.5%
• Horizontal distribution
• Punjab : 51.75 %
• Sindh : 24.9 %
• K.P.K : 14.62 %
• Baluchistan 9.09 %
COMPOSITION OF HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION
• Population : 82 %
• Poverty backwardness : 10.3 %
• Revenue collection : 5 %
• Inverse population : 2.7%
