Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
Module 2
PERFORMANCE FLIGHT TESTING - RANGE,
ENDURANCE, CLIMB, TAKE OFF, LANDING,
TURNING FLIGHT
Syllabus:
Performance flight testing - range, endurance and climb: Airspeed in flight
calibration. Level flight performance for propeller driven aircraft and for Jet aircraft -
Techniques and data reduction. Estimation of range, endurance and climb performance.
Performance flight testing take-off, landing, turning flight: Maneuvering
performance estimation. Take-off and landing - methods, procedures and data reduction.
2.1 Airspeed Inflight Calibration
2.1.1 Federal Aviation Regulaton Requirements
2.1.2 Airspeed Errors
2.1.2.1 Position Error
41 | Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering, MITE,
Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.1.2.2 Lag Errors
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.1.2.3 Altimeter Position Error
2.1.3 In-Flight Calibration Methods
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.1.3.1 Speed Course Method
2.1.3.2 Aneroid or Tower Fly-by Method
2.1.3.3 Pace or Calibrated Aircraft Method
2.1.3.4 Radar Method
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.1.3.5 Onboard Reference Method
2.1.3.6 Global Positioning Method
2.2 Level flight performance for propeller driven aircraft
2.2.1 Federal Aviation Administration Requirements
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.2.2 PIW-VIW Method
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.2.3 Flight Test Method
2.2.3.1 Method for Constant Speed Propeller Driven Airplanes
2.2.3.2 Methods for Fixed-Pitch Propeller Driven Airplanes
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.2.4 Reduction of Observed Data
2.2.4.1 Constant Speed Propeler
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.2.4.2 PIW vs VIW Normalization
2.2.4.3 Fixed-Pitch Propeller
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.3 Level flight performance for Jet aircraft (Flight Test
Techque for Speed Power Test of a Jet Aircraft)
2.3.1 Theory
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
51 | Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering, MITE,
Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.3.2 Flight Test Technique
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.3.3 Data Reduction
2.4 Range and Endurance
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.4.1 Range Propeller Driven Airplanes
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.4.1.1 Propeller Driven Airplane Range Theory (Breguet Range Equations)
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
Normally Aispirated Reciprocating Powerplants
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
Turbocharged Reciprocating Engine
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
Turboprop Engines
2.4.2 Range Jet Aircraft
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
60 | Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering, MITE,
Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
61 | Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering, MITE,
Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.4.3 Effects of Wind on Range (for both Propeller and Jet Driven
Aircrafts)
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.4.4 Endurance Propeller Driven Aircraft
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.4.5 Endurance Jet Aircraft
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.5 Climb Performance Methods and Data Reduction
2.5.1 Federal Aviation Administration Regulations
2.5.2 Test Methods
2.5.2.1 Steady Climbs
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.5.2.2 Single Heading Climbs with INS
2.5.3 Reduction Methods for Steady Climb
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
67 | Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering, MITE,
Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
68 | Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering, MITE,
Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
69 | Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering, MITE,
Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.6 Turning (Maneuvering) Performance Methods and Data
Reduction
2.6.1 Forces on an Aircraft During Level Turn
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.6.2 Turning Performane Limitations
2.6.2.1 Thrust and Drag Limitations
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.6.2.2 CLmax Limitations
2.6.2.3 Structure Limitaions
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.6.3 Flight Test Method
2.6.3.1 Preflight Procedure
2.6.3.2 Data Collection
2.6.3.3 Normalization
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.7 Methods of Drag determination in Flight
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.7.1 Speed Power Method (Drag Polar)
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.7.2 Prop-Feathered Sink or Glde Polars
2.7.2.1 Federal Aviation Administration Requirements
2.7.2.2 Theory
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.7.3 Incremental Drag Method
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.7.4 Incremental Power Method
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.8 Takeoff and Landing Flight Test Methods
2.8.1 Theory
2.8.2 Test Methods
2.8.2.1 Slight Bar Method
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.8.2.2 Movie Theodolite
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.8.2.3 Strip Camera Method
2.8.2.4 Onboard Theodolite Method
2.8.2.5 Del Norte Trisponder
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.8.3 Test Procedures
2.8.3.1 Takeoff
2.8.3.2 Landing
2.8.4 Data Reduction
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.8.4.1 Takeoff
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
2.8.4.2 Landing
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Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
Previous exam questions:
1. (10AE831 June/July 2018)
a. What is drag polar? Mention the methods used for determining drag through flight
testing. Explain any one method. (10M)
86 | Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering, MITE,
Performance Flight Testing - Range, Endurance, Climb, Take off, Landing, Turning Flight FT
b. Explain the flight test methods used for takeoff and landing performance
evaluations.(10M)
2. (10AE831 June/July 2017)
a. What are test methods used for takeoff and landing tests? (20M)
3. (06AE831 June/July 2011)
a. What are test methods used for takeoff and landing tests? (20M)
3. (06AE831 May/June 2010)
a. Explain the primary limitations on turning performance of an airplane. (20M)
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