City of Colombo

Development Plan
2022–2031
Aquarina :
The City in Water of South Asia

Uban Development Authority

Ministry of Urban Development and Housing
 City of Colombo
Development Plan
2022–2031

“Aquarina : The City in Water of South Asia”

Uban Development Authority

Ministry of Urban Development and Housing
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

© Urban Development Authority - Sri Lanka - 2022

All rights reserved. This publication is published by the Urban Development Authority. Duplication,
Trade Distribution, Copying or otherwise without the prior consent of the Authority either entirely or in
partially, or transmitted without the prior consent of the Authority, either entirely or in partially, or trans-
mitted without written permission or for the dissemination or commercialization of such publication
through modern techniques.

Publication
Urban Development Authority - Sri Lanka-2022
6th, 7th & 9th Floor “Sethsiripaya” Battaramulla, Sri Lanka
March 2021

Website – www.uda.gov.lk
Email – info@uda.gov.lk
Telephone – + 94112873637

Colombo Municipal Council Development Plan 2022–2031 The Colombo Municipal Council Develop-
ment Plan consists of three sub-parts, which are referred as first part, second part and third part. The first
part includes the introduction of the Development Plan, Background Study, Need of the Development
Plan, the vision of the development plan, goals and objectives, conceptual plan, the development strategy
plan, etc.

The second part of the development plan contains planning and building development regulations and
zoning regulations effective for the period 2022-2031.

The Colombo City Development Plan 2022–2031 has been prepared by the Colombo Region Area Division
of the Urban Development Authority, and for that purpose, the advice and guidance have been obtained
from the various Divisions and resource persons of the Urban Development Authority.

Supervision
Retired Major General Udaya Nanayakkara Chairman – UDA, Chartered Town Planner N. P. K. Ranaweera
Director General – UDA, Chartered Town Planner Ranatunga Deputy Director General (Planning) Zone
I – UDA, Chartered Town Planner Lalith Wijayaratne Acting Deputy Director General (Planning) Zone II
– UDA, Chartered Town Planner Priyani Navaratne Director - Strategic Planning – UDA,

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 Urban Development Authority

Planning Team

I. Chartered Town Planner Lalith Wijayaratne Sri Jayawardenepura - Sri Lanka, Master
– Acting Deputy Director General (Plan- of Science in Spatial Planning, Manage-
ning) Zone II, Director Colombo Metro ment and Design University of Moratuwa-
Region Division, Urban Development Sri Lanka, Master of Science City Design
Authority, Bachelor of Science in Prop- Moratuwa University- Sri Lanka, Master of
erty Management and Valuation Sciences Science in Geosystems and Remote Sensing.
(Special) University of Sri Jayawardenepura
- Sri Lanka, Faculty of Urban Planning - VI. Chartered Town Planner Yasanta Perera –
United Kingdom, Post Graduate Diploma in Assistant Director Colombo Metro Region
Urban Planning and Management - Neth- Division, Urban Development Authority,
erlands, Cooperate Member - Institute of Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Town and
Town Planners Sri Lanka, Associate Member Country Planning University of Moratuwa-
- Sri Lanka Institute of Valuation Sciences. Sri Lanka, Master of Science Transport
University of Moratuwa - Sri Lanka, Corpo-
II. Chartered Town Architect Tushani De Alwis rate Member - Institute of Town Planners
– Director Colombo Metro Region Division, Sri Lanka.
Urban Development Authority, Bachelor
of Science in Property Management and VII. Madhavi Kotalawala – Enforcement Officer,
Valuation Sciences (Special) University of Colombo Metro Region Division, Urban
Sri Jayawardenepura - Sri Lanka, Master of Development Authority, Bachelor of Science
Science in Urban Planning - University of in Mathematics, University of Peradeniya
Moratuwa Sri Lanka, Corporate Member - Sri Lanka, Master of Science in Spatial Plan-
Institute of Town Planners Sri Lanka, Asso- ning, Management and Design University of
ciate Member - Sri Lanka Institute of Valu- Moratuwa - Sri Lanka.
ation Sciences.
VIII. Shanika Sumanapala – Town Planner
III. Chartered Town Planner Anuja Peiris – Colombo Metro Region Division, Urban
Deputy Director (Planning) Colombo Metro Development Authority, Bachelor of Science
Region Division Division, Urban Devel- (Honours) in Town and Country Planning
opment Authority, Bachelor of Science in University of Moratuwa- Sri Lanka
Property Management and Valuation in
Science (Special) Sri Jayawardenepura IX. Shaveen Silva – Enforcement Officer, Col-
University - Sri Lanka, Master of Science ombo Metro Region Division, Urban Devel-
in Town and Country Planning Moratuwa opment Authority, Bachelor of Science
University- Sri Lanka, Corporate Member - in Property Management and Valuation
Institute of Town Planners Sri Lanka. in Science (Special) University of Sri Jaya-
wardenepura - Sri Lanka.
IV. Chartered Town Planner Rupa Ranjani
– Deputy Director (Planning) Colombo X. Viraj Samarakoon – Real Estate Manager,
Metro Region Division, Urban Develop- Colombo Metro Region Division, Urban
ment Authority, Bachelor of Science Prop- Development Authority, Bachelor of Sci-
erty Management and Valuation in Science ence in Property Management and Valua-
(Special) University of Sri Jayawardenepura tion in Science (Special) University of Sri
- Sri Lanka, Master of Science Town and Jayawardenepura - Sri Lanka
Country Planning Moratuwa University-
Sri Lanka, Corporate Member - Institute of XI. P. A. D. Suranji Perera – Planning Officer,
Town Planners Sri Lanka. Colombo Metro Region Division, Urban
Development Authority, Bachelor of Arts
V. Sanjaya Ranaweera – Assistant Director University of Kelaniya - Sri Lanka, Post
Colombo Metro Region Division, Urban Graduate Diploma Regional Planning
Development Authority, Bachelor of Sci- University of Kelaniya - Sri Lanka, Advanced
ence in Property Management and Valu- Diploma Urban Planning - Institute of Town
ation in Science (Special) University of Planners Sri Lanka.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

XII. Chartered City Architect P. M. K. R. Abey- IV. Research and Development Division and
ratne – Physical Planner, Colombo Metro Western Province Division – UDA
Region Division, Urban Development Auth- Colombo Commercial City Development
ority, Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Plan 2030 Planning Team - Chartered Town
Town and Country Planning University of Planner Nishamani Abeyratne Assis-
Moratuwa- Sri Lanka, Corporate Member - tant Director, Chartered Town Planner
Institute of Town Planners Sri Lanka. Lasantha Bandara, Town Planner Madhuka
Tamarasi, Chartered Town Planner M. M.
XIII. G. Rasoja De Silva – Spatial Data Manager Rizwan, Chartered Town Planner Janitra
Colombo Metro Region Division, Urban Vimaladasa, Chartered Town Planner
Development Authority, University of Arts Lakshan Dissanayake, Chartered Town
Geography (Specialization), Bachelor of Planner Chulesha Geeganage, Chartered
Science Geoinformatics Science Univer- Town Planner H. G. that. Surangi, Char-
sity of Colombo, Post Graduate Diploma tered Town Planner Jeevanthi Kaushalya,
(Geoinformatics Science) University of Chartered Town Planner Dilki Weeratunga,
Colombo, Advanced Diploma in Urban Chartered Town Planner Madhusha Then-
Planning - Institute of Town Planners Sri nakoon, Town Planner Monali Rupasingha
Lanka.

Translation Assistance
Support Teams - Urban Development
Authority I. Tamil Translation : A. M. A. Sudarshan –
Project Manager - E.M.L. Consultancy
I. Strategic Planning Division – UDA
(Supervision and Gazetteing) II. English Translation : N. C. Aloka Fraser –
Enforcement Planner - UDA
II. Environment and Landscape Division –
UDA (Preparation of Conservation, Cultural
and Heritage Plans)

III. Geographical Information Systems Divis –

UDA (Providing Geographical Information
Data and technical support)

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 Urban Development Authority

Acknowledgement

The preparation of the Colombo Municipal Council Development Plan 2022-2031 is a

collaborative process undertaken by the Colombo Metropolitan Area Division of the Urban
Development Authority in consultation with relevant stakeholder institutions. There are
many people who have contributed in various ways to make this process successful.

We express our respectful gratitude to the Honourable Minister of Urban Development

and Housing, Mahinda Rajapaksa and the Honourable State Minister of Urban Develop-
ment, Waste Disposal and Community Cleanliness, Dr. Nalaka Godaheva, who provided
the necessary support and guidance at the right time. Also, we respectfully reminiscence
the support given by the Secretary of the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing,
Mr. Sirinimal Perera, and all the staff of the Cabinet Ministry and the State Ministry in
preparing the plan.

Also, we would like to express our special thanks to the Colombo Municipal Council Mayor,
Municipal Commissioner and staff for their support and contribution.

We express our gratitude to all the public and private organizations that have contrib-
uted by providing the necessary data, ideas and suggestions throughout the process of
preparing this Colombo Municipal Development Plan and recall that the support given
was very important for the success of the plan. We gratefully remember the former
chairman of the Urban Development Authority, Professor Jagath Munasinghe, Senior
Lecturer of the University of Moratuwa, for his support through introducing various new
planning methods and guidance in preparing this plan.

Also, we would like to thank the general public for their suggestions and observations for
the preparation of this plan, especially by participating in stakeholder meetings, discus-
sions and forums and for the support provided through websites and social media. Also,
the current Chairman of the Urban Development Authority, Major General (Retd.) Mr.
Udaya Nanayakkara and Director General, Chartered Town Planner Mr. N.P.K. Ranaweera
for their supervision and guidance in the process of preparing these plans. Also, we would
like to express our gratitude to the Deputy Director General of the Urban Development
Authority (Planning Zone I), Chartered Town Planner, Mr. M.P. Ranatunga, and all the
Deputy Director Generals and Directors of all departments for their encouragement,
supervision and guidance throughout the planning process.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Hon. Minister’s Foreword

The Urban Development Authority was established under

the Urban Development Authority Act No. 41 of 1978, for the
systematic planned urban development in the declared urban
areas and continue to actively contribute towards it.

Steps have been taken to formulate comprehensive develop-

ment plans for each urban development area, based on the
efficient and effective use of physical space so that all areas
of Sri Lanka make an equal contribution to the development
process of the country.

The Colombo City provide services to a large population. Accordingly, Colombo Munic-
ipal Council Planning Area has the potential to become a town that continues to provide
residential and commercial services. This potential is further enhanced by the natural
ecosystem of the surrounding area and the locations of archeological sites of value. These
development plans aim to develop the Colombo City by utilizing the potential of the area.

For the realization of His Excellency the president’s vision “Vistas of Prosperity” the new
Re-urbanization Programme has been formulated in wide consultation with Professionals,
Specialists, Stakeholders & communities with strategies having an excellent technological
methodology and innovative approach.

Accordingly, I commend the Chairman of the Urban Development Authority, the Director
General, the planning teams and all the officers of the Urban Development Authority who
assisted in making this work a success. Further, I also appreciate and believe through
the support and contribution of the relevant Local Government Institutions, Public and
Private Sector Institutions and the general public City of Colombo Development plan
would be successfully implemented.

Hon. Mahinda Rajapaksa (M.P.)

Minister of Urban Development & Housing

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 Urban Development Authority

Foreword by Honorable Chairman –

Urban Development Authority

In view of the national need for a planned approach to sustain-

able urban development, the Urban Development Authority
will be the main institution responsible for managing the
urban environment in Sri Lanka by preparing development
plans, implementing them and maintaining planned devel-
opment activities in those areas. Through these plans for
sustainable urban development, the economic, social and
physical development of the area is made more systematic
and as well as environmental affairs are managed.

It is essential to prepare development plans in accordance with Part II 8(a) (1) of the
(Amended) Act No. 04 of 1982 for the areas declared by the Minister as an Urban Declared
Areas under the Section 3(1) of the Urban Development Authority Act No. 41 of 1978.

Therefore, this integrated planning, implementation, promotion and regulation will be

done with the aim of securing the equal distribution of common development benefits for
the urban community and targeting appropriate development projects.

Various challenges arose in preparing the urban plan for the unique Colombo City area
under the jurisdiction of the Urban Declared Area. the development plan for the Colombo
Municipal Council area has been prepared to be effective until the year 2022-2031., based
on the efficient and effective use of the physical space and using the systems, physical
tools and strategies of our institution.

I expressed my heartfelt gratitude to all the parties who have given their talent, dedication
and effort for this plan, which was successfully completed through teamwork, and I hope
that you all will continue to support us in the successful implementation of this plan.

Retired Major General Udaya Nanayakkara

Chairman
Urban Development Authority

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Her Worship The Mayor’s Foreword –

Colombo Municipal Council

First of all, I would be delighted to express my heartfelt thanks

for preparing and legally publishing a revised development
plan for the Colombo Municipal Council area by the Urban
Development Authority of the Ministry of Urban Develop-
ment and Housing.

As the City of Colombo is very challenging to maintain its

identity as the Commercial Capital of Sri Lanka and as an
International City, a balanced development between the
social, economic, environmental, physical, political and
cultural structures of the area must be maintained. In this
way, in order to create a formal urbanization and a harmonious urban system within the
Colombo Municipal Council area, by identifying the problems of the area and the prob-
lems of the public, based on its priority, the necessary measures have been identified to
provide logical solutions through observation, analysis and conclusions. Furthermore,
planning and building regulations have been updated to regulate new development
trends in the area, identifying strategic projects in planning.

Accordingly, in order to benefit the economy of the area and to improve the living condi-
tions of the people, we have prepared this development plan by involving stakeholders
representing the views of the local government as well as the staff of government and
non-government organizations working in the area, local residents and development
investors etc. should be appreciated.

Finally, I pray the wellbeing of the public and the strength needed for proper implemen-
tation of the Colombo City Development Plan prepared for the period 2022-2031 by regu-
larizing the development of the area.

Rosi Senanayaka
Mayor of Colombo

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 Urban Development Authority

Preface

According to the powers of section 3(1) and (2) of the Urban Development Authority Act
No. 41 of 1978, the Minister in charge of Urban Development has been empowered to
declare an area as an Urban Area and accordingly No. 26/ 8 dated March 07, 1979, the
Minister in charge of Urban Development has declared the Colombo Municipal Council
area as an Urban Area.

This development plan of the Colombo Municipal Council area has been prepared for
the period of 2022-2031, with the aim of achieving physical, economic, environmental
and social sustainable development for the people of the area. Further, the information
related to the area until 2021 is used for this purpose.

The Colombo Municipal Council Development Plan 2022- 2031 consists of three parts
namely; Part I, Part II and Part III

The first part consists of six chapters and the first chapter describes the scope of the
Colombo Municipal Development Plan, the stakeholders and consulting organizations
that contributed to the preparation of the development plan and the planning steps
followed in the preparation of the development plan.

In the second chapter, the historical background of the Colombo area and the Planning
and Situational context under the physical, economic, environmental and social aspects,
have been analyzed comprehensively. And also, the national & regional relations of the
Colombo area, previous planning attempts and its importance, as well as determining the
planning boundary for which the plan should be prepared is also discussed here.

In the fourth chapter, the desired vision of the development plan, the goals to reach the
vision and the related objectives are discussed. The strengths, weaknesses, development
opportunities and threats of the area in relation to the identified development objectives
have been analyzed in detail by the fifth chapter.

The means of opening up the opportunity to achieve the vision and achieve the desired
future development through the long term goals of this plan, is explained under the
Strategic Plans in the sixth chapter. There, the proposed land use plan through the
identified development strategies for the period 2022-2031 will be discussed. Further, the
Social and Physical Infrastructure Facility Development Strategy, Economic Development
Strategy and Sustainable Environmental Development Strategy are described at length
and the Development Projects are proposed to achieve the desired goals and proposed
strategic plans for the implementation.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

The second part of the development plan introduces the planning and building regulations
applicable to land and building developments in the area described under the chapters
seven, eight and nine. The seventh chapter discusses development zones and development
regulation regulations and the eighth chapter consist of proposed zoning regulations and
separate regulations applicable to development zones. Further, the proposed road width,
building lines and reservations are specified in Chapter IX.

X
 Urban Development Authority

Hon. Minister’s Approval

XI
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Gazette Notification

I fldgi ( ^I& fPoh - YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha w;s úfYI .eiÜ m;%h - 2022'05'04 1A
Part I : Sec. (I) - GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY OF THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA - 04.05.2022

Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h

w;s úfYI
The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
EXTRAORDINARY
wxl 2278$10 - 2022 uehs ui 04 jeks nodod - 2022'05'04
No. 2278/10 - WedNesdAy, MAy 04, 2022

(Published by Authority)

PART I : SECTION (I) — GENERAL

Government Notifications

APPROVAL OF THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL LIMIT OF

COLOMBO

I, Mahinda Rajapaksa, Minister of Urban development and Housing do hereby approve the development Plan for the
Municipal Council limit of Colombo, after consideration of recommendation made by the Board of Management of the
Urban development Authority on 25th March, 2022 by virute of the powers vested in me under section 8(F) of the Urban
development Authority (Amendment) Act No, 4 of 1982.

Mahinda Rajapaksa (M.p.),

Minister of Urban development & Housing.

Ministry of Urban development & Housing,

17th and 18th Floors,
“suhurupaya”,
subhuthipura Road,
Battaramulla,
27th April, 2022.

1A- G 36724 — 46 (05/2022)

This Gazette Extraordinary can be downloaded from www.documents.gov.lk

XII
 Urban Development Authority

2A I fldgi ( ^I& fPoh - YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha w;s úfYI .eiÜ m;%h - 2022'05'04
Part I : Sec. (I) - GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY OF THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA - 04.05.2022

NOTICE OF APPROVAL OF THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

LIMIT OF COLOMBO

NOTICe, is hereby given to the General Public of the democratic socialist Republic of sri Lanka under section 8 (G) of
the Urban development Authority Law No. 41 of 1978 as amended by the Act No. 4 of 1982 that I, Mahinda Rajapaksa,
the Minister in charge of the subject of Urban development & Housing, by virtue of the powers vested in me under section
8 (F) of the said Act No. 4 of 1982 have approved the development Plan for Municipal Council Limit of Colombo, prepared
under section 8 (A) of the said Act on the day of 27th April 2022.

Mahinda Rajapaksa (M.p.),

Minister of Urban development & Housing.

Ministry of Urban development & Housing,

17th and 18th Floors,
“suhurupaya”,
subhuthipura Road,
Battaramulla,
04th May, 2022.

APPROVAL OF THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL LIMIT OF

COLOMBO

PUBLIC, are hereby informed that the development Plan prepared for the Municipal Council Limit of Colombo under
section 8 (A) of the Urban development Authority Law No. 41 of 1978 as amended by the Act No. 4 of 1982, has been
approved on 27th April 2022, by Hon. Mahinda Rajapaksa, the Minister of Urban development & Housing, by virtue of
powers vested on him under section 8 (F) of the said Act.

Major General (Retd.) Udaya nanayakkaRa,

Chairman,
Urban development Authority.

04th May, 2022.

05 - 0015

PRINTED AT THE DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, SRI LANKA.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Table of Content

Acknowledgement V
Hon. Minister’s Foreword VI
Foreword by Honorable Chairman – Urban Development Authority VII
Her Worship The Mayor’s Foreword – Colombo Municipal Council VIII
Preface IX
Hon. Minister’s Approval XI
Gazette Notification XII
Table of Content XIV

Part I XIX

Chapter 01 – Background of the Development Plan 1

1.1. Introduction 2
1.2. Stakeholders of the Development Plan 4
1.3. Scope of the Development Plan 6
1.4. Planning Process of the Development Plan 8

Chapter 02 – Basic Study 11

2.1. Introduction 12
2.2. Planning and Situational Context 13

2.2.1. Historical Background and Evolution 13

2.2.1.1. Evoluation of Nomeclature Associated with Folklore 13

2.2.1.2. Gradual Expansion of Adminstrative Boundaries 13

2.2.2. Pre Planning Attempts 20

2.2.3. National Policies of Sri Lanka 32
2.2.4. Present Day Colombo 37

2.2.4.1. Physical Sector 37

2.2.4.2. Economic Sector 55
2.2.4.3. Social Sector 62
2.2.2.4. Environmental Sector 78

2.3. Planning Area Determination 80

Chapter 03 – Need of the Development Plan 85

3.1. Introduction 86
3.2. Identification of Problems 88

3.2.1. Problems caused due to Changing Development Trends 88

3.2.2. Social, Economic and Environmental Problems due to the expansion of
Underserved Settlements 101

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 Urban Development Authority

3.2.3. Public Inconvenience and Economic Loss due to Traffic Congestion on

Major Arterials during Peak Hours 113
3.2.4. Inconveniences faced by Residents and Commuters of Colombo due to
Environmental Problems and Lack of Public Facilities 125

3.3. Identification of Development Potentials 135

3.3.1. Economic Potentials 135

3.3.2. Environmental Potentials 142
3.3.3. Large scale Ongoing and Proposed Projects in Colombo 142

Chapter 04 – Development Planning Framework 149

4.1. Vision of the Development Plan 148

4.2. Vision Statement 148
4.3. Goals of the Development Plan 150
4.4 Objectives of the Development Plan 150

Chapter 05 – SWOT Analysis 155

5.1. SWOT Analysis 156

5.1.1. Summarized SWOT analysis for the Goal of “The most sought Waterfront Business
Environment Experience in the world” 154
5.1.2. Summarized SWOT analysis for the Goal of “The revitalized internationally
renowned Green Garden City of South Asia” 158
5.1.3. Summarized SWOT analysis for the Goal of “The Smart, Smooth and Sensed
Urban Space for all inhabitants” 161

Chapter 06 – The Plan 165

6.1. Concept Plan 166

6.2. Spatial Development Strategy 169

6.2.1. Objectives of the Plan 170

6.2.2. Scope of the Plan 170
6.2.3. Population Projection and Distribusion 172
6.2.4. Identifying Development Zones Based on the Density 175
6.2.5. Nodal Hiearachy in City of Colombo 176
6.2.6. Vertical space regulation and urban landmark conservation in the
city of Colombo 178
6.2.7. Expected Urban Structure 180
6.2.8. Development Guide Plans 190

6.3. Transport Development Strategy 192

6.3.1. Planning Objectives 193

6.3.2. Planning Scope 193
6.3.3. Transport Arrangement 195

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

6.4. Urban Settlement Development Sratergy 210

6.4.1. Objectives of the Plan 210

6.4.2. Scope of the Plan 211
6.4.3. Identify residential areas within the jurisdiction of the Colombo Municipal
Council in terms of suitability for residential development and introduce zoning
and building & planning regulations based on building density to achieve the
desired physical form of the development plan. 213
6.4.4. Rehabilitation of the residents of Undeserved settlements without disturbing
their economic, social and cultural activities by the Urban Regeneration Project of
Urban De­v elopment Authority 215
6.4.5. Proposed housing projects for middle and upper middle-income earners 220
6.4.6. Redevelopment Projects - Residential 221

6.5. Economic Development Strategy 224

6.5.1. Objective of the Plan 225

6.5.2. Scope of the Plan 225
6.5.3. Port Related Logistic Services Development 227
6.5.4. Large Scale Real Estate Development and Management Projects 229
6.5.5. New Township Development Projects 232
6.5.6. Other lands identified for Urban Development and Regeneration 237
6.5.7. Projects to Empower the Local Economy 238
6.5.8. Tourism Industry Related Developments 239

6.6. Sustainable Environment Strategy 241

6.6.1. Objectives of the Plan 241

6.6.2. Scope of the Plan 242
6.6.3. Environment Conservation Plan 244
6.6.4. Spatial Plan for Proposed Public Outdoor Recreation Facilities 246
6.6.5. Disaster Mitigation Plan 255

6.7. Utility Services Management Strategy 258

6.7.1. Objectives of the Plan 259

6.7.2. Scope of the Plan 259
6.7.3. Social Infrastructure 259
6.7.4. Physical Infrastructure Facilities 266

6.8. Historical and Archaeological Promotion and Conservation Plan 275

6.8.1. Introduction and Scope of the Plan 275

6.8.2. Planning objectives 276

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 Urban Development Authority

Part II 285

Chapter 07 – Development Zones, Development Regulations & Guidelines 287

7.1 Introduction 288

7.2 Development Zone 288

7.2.1. Zoning Plan (2022–2031) 289

7.2.2. Development Zone and Zone Factors 290

7.3. Planning, Development Regulations & Guidelines 291

Chapter 08 – Zoning Guidelines 299

8.1. Zoning Regulations 300

8.1.1. Concentrated Mixed Development Zone 300

8.1.2. Mixed Development Zone I 303
8.1.3. Sea Front Mixed Development Zone 306
8.1.4. Concentrated Logistic Development Zone 308
8.1.5. Promoted Mixed Development Zone 311
8.1.6. Mixed Development Zone II 314
8.1.7. Residentail Prominent Mixed Development Zone 317
8.1.8. Residentail Development Zone 320
8.1.9. Special Primary Residentail Development Zone 325
8.1.10. Common / Public Open Space Zone 328

8.2. Development Guide Special Project Areas 329

8.2.1. Beira Lake Surrounding Area 329

8.2.2. Independence Square and Surrounding Area Development Guide Plan 330

8.3. Schedule 333

Chapter 09 – Proposed Road Width, Building Line and Reservations 353

9.1. Proposed Roads 354

9.2. Building Line and Street Line Limits 355

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Part III 371

List of Figures 374

List of Tables 376
List of Maps 377

Annexures 378

Annexure 1 : List of historical and archaeological preserved buildings 378

Annexure 2 : Analyzes and observations made to identify development trends 380
Annexure 3 : Identified Clusters and Sites under Colombo Urban Regeneration Master Plan 385
Annexure 4 : Proposed Public Outdoor Recreation Area Spatial Plan 397
Annexure 5 : Development Zones Coordinates 396

Concentrated Mix Development Zone 396

Mix Development Zone I 400
Maritime Mixed Development Zone 405
Logistic Development Zone 406
Promoted Mix Development Zone 410
Mix Development Zone II 416
Residential Prominent Mix Development Zone 424
Residential Development Zone 428
Special Primary Residential Zone 434

References 436

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Urban Development Authority

Part I

XIX
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

XX
Urban Development Authority

Chapter
01
Background of the
Development Plan

1
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 01 1.1. Introduction

Background of the
Development Plan
A development plan could be defined as the preparation of an inte-
⸺ grated plan to promote and regulate the economic, physical, social and
environmental aspects of the areas that are declared as urban devel-
In t roduct i o n opment areas.

Pursuant to the powers vested by Sections 3 (1) and (2) of the Urban
Development Authority Act No. 41 of 1978, an area may be declared by
the Minister in-charge of the subject Urban Development as an urban
development area and the powers to prepare development plans
for such declared areas are provided upon the Urban Development
Authority under Section 8 II A of the Urban Development Authority
(Amendment) Act No. 4 of 1982.

The Colombo Municipal Council area has been declared as an urban

development area under the Extraordinary Gazette Notification No.
4/1 dated 30th September 1978 by the Minister in-charge of Urban
Development subject to Sections 3 (1) and (2) of the Urban Develop-
ment Authority Act No. 41 of 1978.

Accordingly, The City of Colombo Development Plan – 1985 was

prepared by the Urban Development Authority for the Colombo
Municipal Council area in 1985 and the Colombo Development Plan –
1999, was prepared by the Urban Development Authority as an amend-
ment to it.

Subsequently, it was revised in 2008 and the Colombo City Develop-

ment Plan (Amendment) 2008 was prepared, however due to the immi-
nent expiration date of that development plan and the need for stra-
tegic intervention in the new physical, economic, environmental and
social aspects of the area, the Urban Development Authority initiated
the preparation of a new development plan for the Colombo Municipal
Council area.

2
Urban Development Authority

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 01 1.2. Stakeholders of the Development Plan

Background of the
Development Plan
In preparing the Colombo City Development Plan, the support of all
stakeholders involved in the development plan from its inception to
⸺
its conclusion was sought and their ideas, suggestions, consultation
Stakeh o l de rs o f th e
discussions to get information and data, seminars, meetings, telephone
De vel o pm e n t P l a n conversations, field surveys, online methods, emails, etc. were used.

Ideas and suggestions, information, data and data analysis received

from such active stakeholders in all sectors such as administrative,
environmental, physical, political, infrastructure, and industry etc.
were utilized to identify issues and potentials related to the area, and
prepare strategic plans, zoning regulations, building and planning
regulations.

Accordingly, all the stakeholders who contributed to the preparation

of the development plan are listed as follows.

The Main Stakeholder

• Colombo Municipal Council

Advisory Institutes

• Department of Census and Statistics

• National Physical Planning Department
• National Enterprise Development Authority
• Central Environmental Authority
• Department of Coast Conservation and Coastal Resources Management
• Department of Railways of Sri Lanka
• National Housing Development Authority
• Sri Lanka Land Development Corporation
• Sri Lanka Transport Board
• Road Development Authority
• Sri Lanka Telecom
• Sri Lanka Police
• National Water Supply and Drainage Board
• Civil Aviation Authority
• Department of Buildings
• National Building Research Organisation
• Condominium Management Authority
• Department of Land Use Policy Planning
• University of Moratuwa

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 01
Background of the
• University of Sri Jayewardenepura
Development Plan
• Colombo District Secretariat
• Sri Lanka Export Development Board ⸺
• Lanka Electricity Company (Pvt) Ltd
• Ceylon Electricity Board Stakehold ers of the
D e velopment Plan

Main Planning Team —

Urban Development Authority

• Plnr. Lalith Wijayarathne, Former Director

(Colombo Metro Region Division)
• Plnr. Thushani de Alwis, Director (Colombo Metro Region Division)
• Plnr. Anuja Pieris, Deputy Director (Colombo Metro Region Division)
• Plnr. Rupa Ranjani, Deputy Director (Colombo Metro Region Division)
• Mr. Sanjaya Ranaweera, Assistant Director Planning
(Colombo Metro Region Division)
• Plnr. Yasantha Perera, Assistant Director Planning
(Colombo Metro Region Division)
• Ms. Madhavi Kothalawala, Enforcement Officer
(Colombo Metro Region Division)
• Ms. Shanika Sumanapala, Town Planner
(Colombo Metro Region Division)
• Mr. Shaveen Silva, Enforcement Planner
(Colombo Metro Region Division)
• Mr. Viraj Rathnayake, Land Manager (Colombo Metro Region Division)
• Ms. P.A.D. Suranji Perera, Planning Officer
(Colombo Metro Region Division)
• Plnr. P. M. K. R. Abeyratne, Physical Planner
(Colombo Metro Region Division)
• Ms. G. Rasoja de Silva, Spatial Data Manager
(Colombo Metro Region Division)

Other Planning Groups involved in collaborative planning —

Urban Development Authority

• Strategic Planning Division

• Geographical Information Systems Division
• Environment & Landscape Division
• Research and Development Division

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 01 1.3. Scope of the Development Plan

Background of the
Development Plan
a) Scope in terms of the National Policy Statement of Sri Lanka
⸺
In accordance with the Ten Principles signified in the National Policy
Statement of Sri Lanka, Physical Resource Development, A People
Centric Economy, A Technology Based Society and Sustainable Envi-
ronmental Management could be identified as the factors that have a
direct impact on urban development.

Physical Development - According to the Policy Statement, there are four Multi-dimensional Commercial
Cities identified for the development of physical resources in Sri Lanka namely; Colombo, Hambantota,
Trincomalee and Jaffna. Further, it has been proposed to develop nine "C-shaped" economic corridors
connecting these four major cities, and the following factors have been mainly considered in identifying
these four Multi-dimensional Commercial Cities.

I. Colombo City: Port of Colombo, Bandaranaike International Airport, Port City of Colombo
II. Hambantota City: Hambantota Port, Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport
III. Trincomalee City: Trincomalee Port and Airport
IV. Jaffna City: Kankesanthurai Port and Airport

Accordingly, Colombo shall perform as the main commercial and financial city of the four major cities.
Hence, plans will be drawn up for projects, regulations and necessary legislation in order to make
Colombo the national and international financial hub under the concept of "New Colombo" as the stra-
tegic hub for the future economic development process in Sri Lanka.

A People Centric A Technology- Sustainable Environmen-

Economy : Based Society : tal Management :

Under this, it is expected to Technology can be cited as The focus is given on

contribute more towards the driving force behind the industry, waste manage-
the tourism industry and future world the emerging ment, biodiversity, settle-
technology driven agricul- fields identified are informa- ments and cities, and
ture industry, construction tion technology entrepre- environmental education
industry, apparel industry, neurship, nanotechnology, while concentrating on intro-
small and medium scale robotics, biotechnology, ducing measures to create a
industries, and provide artificial intelligence, and sustainable environmental
strategies for the growth of Internet-based activities. space in the City of Colombo.
the Colombo Stock Exchange The city of Colombo could
in particular. Accordingly, be identified as a promi-
the Colombo Stock Exchange nent city in South Asia for
has been identified to be providing entrepreneurship,
demutualized. industry and office facilities
in the above-mentioned
fields.

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Urban Development Authority

b) The Scope in terms of the City Scale Chapter 01

Background of the
Since the city of Colombo has gained its prominence as the Commer- Development Plan
cial Capital of Sri Lanka, it needs to be further developed as an inter-
national city as well as other countries around the world to grasp ⸺
competitive economic spaces and a high standard of living.
S cope of the
D e velopment Plan
c) The Scope in terms of Various Fields

The Plan has been prepared in accordance with the requirements spec-
ified in the Urban Development Authority Act, No. 41 of 1978, specifi-
cally with the focus on various areas such as environmental manage-
ment, economic, infrastructure, settlement and social deve-lopment
for the anticipated overall spatial development, regulation and
management in the city of Colombo.

d) The Scope in terms of the Planned Time Frame

The valid planning period of the Colombo Municipal Council Develop-

ment Plan shall be ten years that is from 2022 to 2032

e) The Scope in terms of Plan Implementation

Long term planning guidelines, policies, strategic projects, private-

public partnerships, planning and building regulations were incorpo-
rated in the preparation of the development plan. Hence, the active
contribution of other public and private sectors are required to imple-
ment the relevant projects, regulations and policies.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 01 1.4. Planning Process of the

Background of the
Development Plan Development Plan
⸺ In preparing the development plan for the Colombo Municipal Council
area, a planning process was carried out from the beginning to the end
and it consisted of ten steps and those planning steps can be summa-
rized in Figure 1.1 as follows.

01
•
Background Studies

Primary and secondary data collection

05
Detail Analysis
• Field survey, discussions with • Geographical as well as historical
various stakeholders significance of Colombo
• Office data
• Detailed data analyzing based on
• Identification of regional relations
the vision, goals and objectives
• Internet • Economic, Social, Environmental
defined through the SWOT Analysis.
• Google Maps and physical aspects
• Document references

03
Identification of Problems &
Potentials

• Based on the context, Significance and

Magnitude

1 2 3 4 5

02
04
Scoping

• Identification of problems and potentials

in the planning area
• Identification of development trends Vision, Goals & Objectives
• Situational Analysis & Preliminary Analysis
• Identification of root causes • Build vision, goals and objectives to
achieve urban development activities by
integrating economic, physical, environ-
mental and social aspects according to
the problems, potentials and develop-
ment trends.

8
 Urban Development Authority

Chapter 01
Background of the
Development Plan

07 P lan ni n g Process of
the D e vel op ment Plan

Plan & Regulations

• Planning and building regulations,

land development laws,
• Land use laws

10
• Regulations related to environmentally
sensitive areas development

Consent & Publication

08
• Obtain the approval of the Management
Board of the Urban Development Authority
• Obtain the consent of the Hon. Minister in
charge of the subject
Obtaining Views • Publish in the Gazette and legalize

• Presenting the development plan to the

professionals of the Urban Development
Authority in order to receive views, sugges-
tions, objections and amendments of the
stakeholders

6 7 8 9 10

09
06 •
Submission of Draft Plan

Presenting the development plan to the

Main Planning Committee
Plan & Strategies
• Handing over to the Strategic Planning
Division
• Conceptual Plan
• Planning of land use pattern
• Strategic Plans
• Project Implementation Strategies • Spatial Development Strategy
• Transport Development Strategy
• Economic Development Strategy
• Urban Settlement Development Strategy
• Sustainable Environmental Strategy
• Utility Services Management Strategy
• Historical and Archeological Places Promotional & Conservation Strategy

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter
02
Basic Study

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 2.1. Introduction

Basic Study

The evolution of the city of Colombo has been taking place by focusing
⸺
mainly to The Colombo International harbour and giving a prominent
place as a commercial and administrative hub of the island. Therefore
it is important, when planning process in progress, to highlight that
the city of Colombo is a centre complete with facilities confirming to
the international standards, having the ability to compete in the inter-
national arena.

" It is an undisputed fact that the Colombo city is the

Sri Lanka's centre for trade commercial international
relations international transportation and exchange,
branding and political relations.

"
In such scope of design, the Colombo City Development Plan should
be designed to create a city that having the most competitive economic
opportunities with an adequate security measures in the best possible
manner compared to the other cities in the island and in the South
Asian region as well.

In the process of the study on the status context of the present plan-
ning area it was identified the developing tendencies that should be
contributed at the submission of the implementable development
proposals for the period of 10 years to come. Accordingly, this chapter
consists of two parts as mentioned below:

a. Plans and Status context

b. Determination of the planning area

Accordingly, the location and physical boundaries of the Colombo

Municipal Council area were taken into consideration and the histor-
ical background, physical, social, economic, environmental charac-
teristics, previous planning attempts and current land use pattern of
the city of Colombo were studied under the planning and situational
context. On the basis of the said facts, functional, physical and admin-
istrative planning boundaries had been determined relating to the
City of Colombo.

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Urban Development Authority

2.2. Planning and Situational Context Chapter 02

Basic Study

A preliminary survey was conducted to review the historical condi- ⸺

tion of the city, in order to study the planning context and situational
analysis within the administrative area of the Colombo Municipal P lan n i n g and
Council. Further, the current planning area was identified under the S i tuati on a l Context
physical, economic, social and environment sectors and the national
regional and local positioning of the Colombo city has been made
through previous planning attempts.

2.2.1. Historical Background and Evolution Histor ica l B a c kg ro u nd

a n d Evol uti o n
2.2.1.1. Evoluation of Nomeclature Associated with Folklore

Derived from the term Kolon-thota’ – the harbor of river Kolong as per
the historical folklore, later became to known as ‘Kolomba’. Another
belif is that the harbor having ampel leaf mango trees came to be
known as ‘Kolomba’. (Kola = Leaves + Amba = Mango) Kola-Amba >
Kolombo > Colombo.

2.2.1.2. Gradual Expansion of Adminstrative Boundaries

a) Before the colonial period

For over 2000 years during the pre-colonial era, the city of Colombo
was a place of commercial and strategic importance for Arab, Indian,
Persian, Roman and Greek businessmen.

Accordingly, traders and service providers who traveled along the

East-West commercial route came to Sri Lanka for the expansion of
their trade affairs and it can be evidence that such settlements are still
spreading in the vicinity of the Colombo Port and the Kelani estuary
even at present.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 b) Era of Colonial rule

Basic Study
Due to the reason that Sri Lanka has been subjected to foreign inva-
⸺ sions from time to time, several changes has been taken place on the
administrative boarders of the city of Colombo.
Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt

H i sto r i cal B ackgrou nd

and Evol u tion

I. Portuguese rule (1505–1656)

In 1505, Portuguese explorers who first came to the Galle area of Sri
Lanka and then reached to the port of Colombo along the coastal
belt. They built a city with a fortress surrounded by water sources
and canals.

14
Urban Development Authority

Portuguese Period Gradually, the Fort and Pettah areas

(1505–1656) were created as planned areas and the
fort was used for all administrative
purposes and Pettah for residential
purposes. Likewise the other settle-
ments had been scattered around
Modara and Grandpass areas.

Top Left Figure No. 2.1 : Old Fort Light House – 1907
Source : wikipedia.org

Bottom Left Figure No. 2.2 : The picture of Colombo

Port built by the Portuguese – 1520
Source : srilankamuslims.org

Top Right Figure No. 2.3 : Settlement Distribution in

Earliest Stage of Portuguese Era
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2019

Bottom Right Figure No. 2.4 : Picture of Portuguese

Port – 1524 | Source : Lankapura Website, 2020

15
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 II. Dutch rule (1656–1796)

Basic Study
The "castle" (fort) and "outskirt" (Pettah) had been used for the admin-
⸺ istrative purposes during the Dutch period. At that time, a special
attention had been given to create a network of wide waterways,
Planning and systamtic street patterns and construction of symbolic buildings
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt within planning stage.
H i sto r i cal B ackgrou nd
and Evol u tion

Figure No. 2.5 : Houses in Dutch Era – 1763

Source : Boily, 2014

Figure No. 2.6 : Dutch Hospital Colombo – 1771

Source : The Seventeenth Centur y Dutch Hospital in Colombo, C.G. Uragoda and
K.D. Paranawithana

16
Urban Development Authority

Dutch Period While introducing architecture and

(1656–1796) stormwater drainage system, the canal
network which are connecting to "Beira
Lake" had been used for the transpor-
tation as well as stormwater drainage
system.

According to historic records (The

present "York" street), had used as a
canal to drain the stormwater. It is also
mentioned that places like Modara,
Muthwal and Grandpass had been
transformed as prime residential areas.

Top Right Figure No. 2.7 :

Settlement Distribution in Dutch Era
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2019

Bottom Right Figure No. 2.8 :

Colombo Port in Dutch Era – 1775
Source : Ramerini, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 III. British rule (1796–1948)

Basic Study
The places like Victoria garden (Viharamadevi Udyanaya), Golf course
⸺ and the Galle Face pleasing the mind of the visitors provide standing
examples for the influence made at the designing of the basic structure
Planning and of the City of Colombo, due to been subjected to the British colonial
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt rules prevailed for over 150 years.
H i sto r i cal B ackgrou nd
and Evol u tion
During the British era, the process of settlements had been carriedout
in keeping with the development pattern of the city. With the expan-
sion of the activities of the Colombo harbour, the existing settlements
within the Colombo North area prevailed gradually de-generated.
At the end of 18th century, Kollupitiya, Wellawaththa, Bambalapitiya
and Maradana considered as viable for residential affiars while the
Kurunduwaththa area (Cinnamon Gardens) became a residential for
upper class affluents.

Figure No. 2.9 : Prince Street, Colombo Fort – 1800

Source : Lankapura Website, 2020

18
Urban Development Authority

They paid a high attention for the development of infrastruture facili- Chapter 02
ties of the city. Accordingly, mesaures were taken for the development Basic Study
of national and divisional road network, railways, water supply, rain-
water drainage and waste water management. Filling of water sources, ⸺
such as Marshy Lands, Paddy Fields and Beira Lake can be specified a
negative impact of the said development programme.

Early British Period Late British Period

(1796–1870) (1870–1948)

Figure No. 2.10 : Settlement Distribution of British Era

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2019

c) Post Colonial Era

In terms of Gazzet notification No: 4/1 of 30th September 1978, Colombo

Municipal Council area has been declared by the minister, under
section 3(1) and (2) of the Urban Development Act No 41 of 1978, as an
Urban Development Area.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 2.2.2. Pre Planning Attempts

Basic Study
I. The city plan of sir Patrick Geddes – 1921
⸺
Introducing the concept of "Eastern Garden City", Sir Patrick Geddes
Planning and made the first attempt of planning for the city of Colombo in 1921.
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt

P re P l a nning Atte mp ts
While giving a special attention in respect of the risk of flood within
the city, the harbour development was done in order to encourage
the spatial development of the area. Strategically important projects
which are mentioned hereunder, can be known as remarkable achieve-
ments of this plan. Establiment of the new townhall facing the Victoria
Gardens, proposing the construction of an alternative road parallel
to the Galle Road (The Present Duplication Road), construction of a
pathway alongside the Southen railway line (later known as coastal
road or for Colombo Plan Development).

Designing projects such as Parliment Circle, Race Courses, Zoological

Gardens, Paliyagoda low-land reserviors are some of the examples
for the attempts made by Sir Patrick Geddes for the creation of the
Colombo Garden City. It was also introduced the Cinnamon Gardens
area as a residential region and as a super featured commercial area
while also introducing tree planted green lanes such as Bauddaloka
Mawatha, during the process of planning.

II. Clifford Holliday's Plan – 1940

Again, a development plan had been prepared by Cliford Holliday who

visit to Sri Lanka at the request of the Colombo Municipal Council.
There, it had been intended to control the future growth and the popu-
lation movement, through Zoning Methodology. Appropriate loca-
tions for industrial and residential affairs have been identified and
decentralizing specific functions and identifying regulatory actions by
preparing a legal framework can be noted as key feature of this plan.

20
Figure No. 2.11 : The City Plan of Sir Patrick Geddes – 1921
Source : Colombo Greater Urban Structural Plan, 1998

21
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 III. Patrick Abercrombie Regional Plan – 1948

Basic Study
By this time, the population in the Central part of Colombo was esti-
⸺ mated as 350,000 and providing housing and other required faclities
such as health services was a challange.
Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt Further, one third of available lands were not suitable for the develop-
ment due to flooding and providing adequate infrastructure facilities
P re P l a nning Atte mp ts
for daily commuter population of over 125,000 to the city had been a
challenge.

Figure No. 2.12 : Patrick Abercrombie Divisional Plan – 1948

Source : N.P. Herath, D. Jayasundara, 2007

22
Urban Development Authority

In response to these issues, a town planning method, based on the Chapter 02

principle of decentralizing urban affairs, was prepared for the City of Basic Study
Colombo by Patrick Abercrombie. Accordingly, covering a radius of
14 miles from the Port of Colombo, a land area with an extent of 220 ⸺
squre miles, " The Zonal" concept has been proposed.
P lan n i n g and
S i tuati on a l Context

IV. Colombo Master Plan 1978 – (Jointly with the United Nation P re P l a n n i ng Atte mp ts
Development Programme – UNDP)

Figure No. 2.13 : Colombo Master Plan 1978- Incooperated with the United Nations
Development Programme | Source : Colombo Master Plan, 1978

23
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 With the introduction of "The Open Economy Policy" in 1977, the
Basic Study City of Colombo was rapidly changed as a result of the increasing of
the value of the lands and properties. In a context like this, with the
⸺ purpose of promoting a balanced zonal improvement and a rapid
economic development within the Colombo Region, a Master Plan was
Planning and prepared by a team of consultants of the UNDP in collabaration with
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt local planners.
P re P l a nning Atte mp ts
The planning area was consisted of Colombo, Kalutara and Gampaha
districts, and the whole planning area has again been divided into
two parts as Central Sub Zone and Outer Zone by this plan. Although
it was expected to attract people about 500,000 to each center in
Negombo, Veyangoda, Awissawella, Horana and Kalutara belong to
outer zone, the said areas were not succesful in achieving anticipated
development. However, implementation of the Peliyagoda integrated
urban development project and the establishment of the Urban Devel-
opment Authority (UDA) in 1978, can be cited as important milestones
in the plan.

V. Colombo City Development Plan – 1985

In 1985, with the assistance of the planning team of the United Nations
Development Programme, the Colombo Urban Development Plan was
prepared. The Plan that included integrated zoning planning and
building regulations can be identified as the basis of the currently
practicing development plan of the Colombo City.

The Colombo Municipal Council area that consists of 47 divisions for

the purpose of detailed planning and development control has been
divided into 05 main divisions and the plan was prepared accordingly.
Minimizing the trafic congession, improving industrial and adminis-
trative affiars, ensure efficiency in wholesale and retail trade affaris,
development of water front etc. can be cited as main objectives of the
plan. In addition, it has been proposed to redevelop the identified
slums and shanties as special projects.

24
Urban Development Authority

Figure No. 2.14 : City of Colombo Development Plan – 1985

Source : Colombo City Development Plan, 1985

25
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 VI. Structural Plan of the Colombo Metropolitan Area (CMRSP) – 1998
Basic Study
Social Economic and Environmental sections were identified as main
⸺ section of the Colombo Metropolitan Structural Plan prepared by the
Urban Development Authority in 1996. Further, the Urban hierarchy
Planning and from level one to level four has been introduced, based on the services
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt provided by each center related to Colombo Municipal area and devel-
opment potential.
P re P l a nning Atte mp ts

Figure No. 2.15 : Colombo Metro Region Structure Plan (CMRSP) – 1998
Source : Colombo Greater Urban Structural Plan, 1998

26
Urban Development Authority

Accordingly, outer regions of Negombo, Gampaha, Biyagama, Homa- Chapter 02

gama, Horana and Matugama cited as "Growth Centers" and Colombo Basic Study
and Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte have been areas identified as central
urban area or "Core area" in 1998. This "Colombo Core Area" has been ⸺
approved by the Cabinet of Ministers.
P lan n i n g and
S i tuati on a l Context

P re P l a n n i ng Atte mp ts

Figure No. 2.16 : Colombo Core Area – 1998

Source : Colombo Metro Region Structure Plan (CMRSP) – 1998

27
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 The main objective of this plan is making the City of Colombo as the
Basic Study Naval Hub and the Financial and Commercial Center of Southeast Asia.
Colombo-Katunayaka highway, Circular Light Rail System encom-
⸺ passing the core area, naval transport system from Colombo to
Panadura and electrifying the existing the train are identified as the
Planning and planned proposals. However, this development plan did not come in to
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt the effect and the project identified by the same were also not imple-
mented until recent time.
P re P l a nning Atte mp ts

VII. Colombo Development Plan – 1999

As an amendment to the Colombo

Development Plan 1985, the Urban
Development Authority prepared a
Colombo Development Plan in 1999.
At that time, this plan was prepared in
accordance with the guidelines in the
Colombo Metropolitan Structural Plan
1998.

By this plan, zonalising on the basis

of utilization of land, building regula-
tions, regulations based on the building
density, special development guide-
lines and Urban Planning Concepts
were introduced. Further, it was intro-
duced the areas in the vicinity of the
Colombo Port as port related activity
area and Colombo Central Business
area as concentric development area,
with a view to create a high density
development within. Also, special pri-
mary residential zone of Cinnamon
Gardens in Colombo 7 has been desig-
nated as a green zone in the city.

Figure No. 2.17 : The Colombo City Development

Plan – 1999 | Source : Colombo City Development
Plan, 1999

28
Urban Development Authority

VIII. Megapolis Plan of the Western Province (CESMA) – 2004 Chapter 02

Basic Study

P lan n i n g and
S i tuati on a l Context

P re P l a n n i ng Atte mp ts

Figure No. 2.18 : Megapolis Plan of the Western Province (CESMA) – 2004
Source : Megapolis Plan of the Western Province (CESMA), 2004

This plan was consisted of three planning concepts as mentioned

below;

• Decentralizing the development activities towards Eastern, Western

and Southern areas, taking Colombo Core area as the center
• Green Garden Concept for Urban Development
• “Concept of living, working and enjoying"- allow people to live in proximity
to the work place to provide them a higher standard living condition.

29
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 IX. Colombo City Development Plan (Amendment) – 2008

Basic Study
This development plan has been prepared as an amendment to the
⸺ Colombo Development Plan 1999 and is consisted of eight develop-
ment zones as follows:
Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt Concentric Development Zone, Commercial Zone, Mixed Development
Zone, Port Related Zone, Primary Residential Zone, Special Mixed
P re P l a nning Atte mp ts
Residential Zone, Special Primary Residential Zone and Coastal Zone.

Figure No. 2.19 : City of Colombo Development Plan (Amendment) – 2008

Source : City of Colombo Development Plan (Amendment), 2008

30
Urban Development Authority

X. 'Megapolis' Western Province Master Plan – 2030 Chapter 02

Basic Study
"From Island to Continent" concept has been identified as the vision
of the Megapolis Western province plan 2030, by the Megapolis plan- ⸺
ning project 2016 implemented under the ministry of Megapolis and
Western province development. Accordingly, development planning P lan n i n g and
proposals have been prepared by dividing the entire planning area S i tuati on a l Context

into 13 zones as mentioned below:

P re P l a n n i ng Atte mp ts

Katunayake Airport, Muthurajawela North Coast, Supply Corridor

connecting Airport and Port, Mirigama Industrial City, Avissawella
Plantation Town, Central Business District (CBD) centered on the Port
of Colombo and surrounding areas, Internal core area, External core
area, Malabe City of Science and Technology, Horana Industrial City,
Baduraliya Forest City, Southern coastal belt, Ocean area.

Figure No. 2.20 : ‘Megapolis’ Western Province Master Plan – 2030

Source : Western Province Megapolis Planning Project, 2016

31
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 2.2.3. National Policies of Sri Lanka

Basic Study
To uplift the living standard of citizens of Sri Lanka by acquiring
⸺ the basic requirements and to achieve the sustainable development,
various national policies have been introduced as to represent phys-
Planning and ical, envrionmental, social and economic sectors. Following these
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt polices varoius govenement institutions, semi govement organiza-
tions, independent bodies and organizations are playing a leading role
N at i onal Pol icie s of
Sri L anka to direct the development activies of Sri Lanka. Following are some of
the national polices as representing the above sections.

National Physical Structure Plan – 2030

Based on the need for planned phys-

ical development, the National Phys-
ical Planning Department prepared
the National Physical Planning Policy
and Plan 2030 in 2007 and gazetted it
in 2011. The primary objectives of this
are to provide the necessary physical
facilities for Sri Lanka to become a
friendly country and a competitive
economy in the world, to confirm
the optimal and sustainable use of
the unexplored resources available
on land and oceans, and to guide Sri
Lanka in harnessing the potential
of its geo-global strategic location.
According to the proposed Physical
Structure Plan presented by that plan,
the urban development of Sri Lanka
will be concentrated into 5 Metro
Regions namely West, North Central,
East, Hambantota and Jaffna.

Figure No. 2.21 : National Physical Structure Plan – 2030

Source : National Physical Structure Plan – 2030

32
Urban Development Authority

National Physical Plan – 2050 Chapter 02

Basic Study
After 10 years of preparation of 2030 Plan i.e. in the year 2017 the
National Physical Planning Department again prepared the National ⸺
Physical Planning Policy and Plan- 2050; the Update Plan, which was
gazetted in the year 2019. According to the proposed physical struc- P lan n i n g and
ture plan presented by the 2050 plan, policy, geographical and sectoral S i tuati on a l Context

methods have been identified to create a sustainable and planned

Nat ion a l Po l i c i e s o f
physical environment in Sri Lanka, and thus the objectives are to S r i L a n ka
achieve physical, social, economic and environmental development.
This plan has identified 4 development corridors namely East-West
Corridor, Northern Development Corridor, Southern Development
Corridor and Eastern Development Corridor. Accordingly, Colombo
can be identified as a city located in the East-West Corridor connecting
Colombo Port and Trincomalee Port. It is expected that 35% - 40% of
the total population will be concentrated in this development corridor
by the year 2050.

Figure No. 2.22 : National Physical Plan – 2050

Source : National Physical Plan – 2050

33
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 National Health Policy

Basic Study
Redesigning the national health policy 1952 - 1992, national health
⸺ policy 1992 - 2006 was introduced. Again, recognizing it's shortcom-
ings after a period of two decades, The National Health Policy 2016 -
Planning and 2025 was desgined systematically.
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt

This new national policy was introduced to solve health issues

N at i onal Pol icie s of
Sri L anka
prevailed until then by means of new strategies, and with a view to
confirm the quality and the security of the health system.

In the process towards a sustainable development, the plan expects the

need to implement the development taking the health and safety of
every citizen as a prime objective. It is further explained "contributing
to economic, social, mental and spiritual development as a healthy
nation" by the vision of the policy. Accordingly, as shown in the new
national health policy Colombo Urban Development 2021–2030
expects to provide adequate and high quality treatments for every Sri
Lankan citizen, to facilitate with quality rehabilitation care equally for
all and minimizing and providing remedies for health issues existing
all over the City of Colombo. Strategies are provided by this plan to
do away with shanties and low income houeses and to regularize the
irregular disposal of wastes.

National Environmental Policy

Although, various policies had been introduced for the problem of

environmental degradation existed in the past, the recently introduced
National Environmental Policy has been instrumented in the sustain-
ability and environmntal integration of the development process.

The environmental policy has been formulated, highlighting the

responsibility of every citizen to "protect and conserve its resources"
in accordance with the constitution of Sri Lanka. This policy aims to
ensure proper envrionmental management within the framework
of sustainable development in Sri Lanka. In addtion, the need for
balanced social and economic development to the maximum and to
ensure enviornomental accountability are specially mentioned among
the objectives of this policy.

It is anticipated by the implementation of this national policy, to iden-

tify the adverse aspect of human activities related to the nature, seper-
ately and as a whole and is built up with the expectation to achieve
varried results based on land, water, space and bio-divisity.

34
Urban Development Authority

Here, the envrionmental strategies are expected to be implemented Chapter 02

under six sections as follows. Basic Study

• Forest and Wildlife Conservation ⸺

• Agriculture, plantations, land development and mining.
• Industry and Tourism P lan n i n g and
• Energy and transport
S i tuati on a l Context
• Health and Hygiene
• Urban development
Nat ion a l Po l i c i e s o f
S r i L a n ka
Accordingly, the implementation of the Colombo Urban Develop-
ment Plan intend to facilitate land development, fisheries and coastal
management, industrial and tourism promotion, health and sanitation
and urban development in the areas specified in the National Environ-
mental Policy.

National Education Policy

Reforming the free education system introduced by Mr. C.W.W.

Kannangara in 1945, the new national education policy has been
brought into the existance for the purpose to ensure the security of
education of every citizen. Accordingly, this policy is designed to built
an enlightened, moral and intelligen Sri Lanka, with the prime concept
of improving the quality of education.

Accomplishment of various objectives such as national integration,

achieving national unification and national unity, confirmation the
pervation pattern of the social justice, evolvement of the sustainable
lifestyle, generation of employement opportunities are taken as prime
concern by this National Education Policy. Accordingly, strategies have
been deviced to create a foundation to build up system for the devel-
opment for the quality and formal education from primary education,
for higher education and special educational needs. In relation to the
same special attention has been made from the level of teacher, in
respect of the professional teaching envrionment and teaching media
by this policy.

In addition, this policy pays special attention on the formation of

non-formal education in the existing Sri Lanka Education sector and
here it is highlighted the preparation of functional literacy centers
for non-schooling children and adults, establishment of commu-
nity learning centers, fulfillment of requirements of street children,
minimzing the rate of school leavers and implement entrepreneurship
training and Installation programs for them.

35
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 Accordingly, the Colombo Urban Development Plan has highlighted

Basic Study the need for the development process to build a sustainable education
system for the betterment of sustainable development, thereby paving
⸺ the way for the transformation of the existing education system into a
quality standardized education system.
Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt

National Housing Policy

N at i onal Pol icie s of
Sri L anka
In view of the basic human need of the "Housing Facility for all", the
Housing Policy has been formulated. The main objective of the policy
is to convert the housing field a well-functioning housing section that
fulfill the needs of all and achieve wider economic, social and sustain-
able development targets.

The National Housing Policy was formulated in 2014 initially, and

later in 2016 the “Quito” Declaration on the Urban Housing Agenda
recognized the importance of human settlement planning and devel-
opment, including urban housing, as an essential tool for the global
community to achieve all sustainable development goals.

The National Housing Policy has been formulated under the concept
of “Shelter for all” by the year 2025 and the following recommenda-
tions have been made regarding urban housing, land and land use and
condominium housing.

“Since housing and urbanization are two interrelated entities,

it will have a direct impact on the social, economic and devel-
opment spheres. Accordingly, the introduction of alternative
housing based on the strength of the individual to improve the
quality of life of the people by utilizing their land assets has
been identified under this.”

Accordingly, it hopes to have an optimal urban land resource through

mixed development and high density housing, which is an alternative
method of granting housing to all residents. Accordingly, it discusses
the possibility of bringing back underutilized land to the market where
there were legal and administrative hurdles.

Condominium property development and management will play an

important role in the government's efforts to promote human settle-
ments. To this end, housing policy, which strengthens laws, regula-
tions and current legal action, is an important strategy to raise aware-
ness of the condominium lifestyle.

36
Urban Development Authority

2.2.4. Present Day Colombo Chapter 02

Basic Study
The physical, economic, social and environmental aspects of the
Colombo area are analyzed as follows to identify the current plan- ⸺
ning context.
P lan n i n g and
S i tuati on a l Context
2.2.4.1. Physical Sector
P res en t Day C o l o mb o
The physical characteristics of the city of Colombo were identified Physical Sector
through analysis of land use patterns, national and regional connec-
tions, transport layout and services and infrastructure.

a) Land Use Pattern

According to the 2018 land use pattern, 45% of the total land area is
allocated for office and corporate activities, 29% for residential use
and 12% for commercial purposes. (Figure 2.23).

Agriculture
Office and Institution
Parks and Play Grounds
Utility Ser vices
Commercial
Residential
Wetland and Water Bodies
Industr y
Other

Figure No. 2.23 : Land use pattern of Colombo – 2018

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2018

37
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 From the year 2000 to the year 2018, the area of residential, corporate
Basic Study and industrial land in the city of Colombo has decreased. It can also be
observed that land use in the commercial sector has increased by 6%
⸺

Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt

P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Physical Sector

Figure No. 2.24 : Land use pattern of Colombo – 2002

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2002

38
Urban Development Authority

in 2018 as compared to 2000. The main reason for this is the transfor- Chapter 02
mation of horizontal development in cities from 2000 to vertical devel- Basic Study
opment by 2018. (Figure 2.24 and Figure 2.25)
⸺

P lan n i n g and
S i tuati on a l Context

P res en t Day C o l o mb o
Physical Sector

Figure No. 2.25 : Land use pattern of Colombo – 2018

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2018

39
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 b) International, National and Regional Relations

Basic Study

International Relations
⸺
As a trading and commercial city, Sri Lanka has become a strategic hub
Planning and
for facilitating trade in the international arena due to its geographi-
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt
cally strategic location and central location on international maritime
P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
routes.
Physical Sector
Accordingly, the City of Colombo has become a trading and commer-
cial city, surpassing other cities in Sri Lanka, as it expands as a major
city in the South Asian region focusing on the Port of Colombo and
leading the trade in the Indian subcontinent.

The Port of Colombo is ranked as the busiest shipping hub in the South
Asian region and 23rd out of 25 best ports in the world, according to the
2017 Alphaliner Rankings.

As a business hub, the World Monetary Fund (IMF) has named

Colombo as a Gamma + City, according to the Economist Intelligence
Unit, based on the economic recovery in the real estate and tourism
sectors following the end of the Civil War in mid - 2009. Colombo is
also the second most expensive city in South Asia and the 108th most
expensive city in the world.

National relations

The City of Colombo, as the capital

Major Urban Distance and leading commercial hub of Sri
Centers (km)
Lanka (supply chain), is directly
Jaffna 395 connected with the main urban
Anuradhapura 200
center through population distri-
bution and transportation. Accord-
Trincomalee 265 ingly, it can be identified that Colo-
Dambulla 160 mbo city, is connected with Jaffna,
Anuradhapura, Trincomalee, Dam-
Kandy 122
bulla, Kandy, Batticaloa, Badulla,
Batticaloa 318 Hambantota and Galle urban cen-
ters at the national level as shown in
Badulla 348
Table 2.1 and Figure 2.26.
Hambantota 260

Galle 146 Table No. 2.1 : National relations

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

40
Urban Development Authority

Chapter 02
Basic Study

P lan n i n g and
S i tuati on a l Context

P res en t Day C o l o mb o
Physical Sector

Figure No. 2.26 : Connections with other main Cities as a National city
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Regional Relations

Katunayake, Kadawatha, Kaduwela, Avissawella, Homagama, Horana

and Moratuwa are the major suburbs associated with the Colombo
Core Area as shown in Figure 2.27. According to a 2013 Comtrans
study report, the above suburbs are directly connected to the city of

41
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 Colombo by seven corridors namely Negombo Road, Kandy Road, Old
Basic Study Avissawella Road, New Kandy Road, New Avissawella Road, Horana
Road and Galle Road. (Figure 28)
⸺

Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt

P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Physical Sector

Figure No. 2.27 : Regional Connections with Figure No. 2.28 : Main Corridors Entering to
Other Cities | Source : Uban Development the Colombo City | Source : ComTrans Urban
Authority, 2021 Transport Planning, 2014

Urban Hierarchy

Recognizing the relative importance of other urban centers associated

with the City of Colombo will help to keep urban processes and the
urban system in the city running efficiently. Accordingly, attention
was paid to the following features, and the Urban Hierarchy was deter-
mined by the weighting analysis.

• Physical development in urban areas (distribution of transport infra-

structure, distribution of physical infrastructure, expansion of social
infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, recreational facilities)
• Pattern of change in rural and urban characteristics of the area
• Key Functional Features and Economic Regulation of Urban Areas
• Social and economic background of the people

The relative importance of urban centers was determined by the above

characteristics and, accordingly, the hierarchy of identified junctions
is given below. (Figure 2.29)

42
Urban Development Authority

• First Grade — Pettah, Peliyagoda, Battaramulla, Nugegoda Chapter 02

• Second Grade — Dematagoda, Wellawatte Borella, Basic Study
Bambalapitiya, Dehiwala, Wattala
• Third Grade — Kolonnawa, Mattakkuliya, Kohuwala, Ratmalana
⸺

P lan n i n g and
S i tuati on a l Context

P res en t Day C o l o mb o
Physical Sector

Figure No. 2.29 : Nodal Hierarchy related to Colombo Commercial City

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2002

43
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 c) Transport Arrangement

Basic Study
The transport network has become an important factor in the rapid
⸺ development of the city of Colombo as Sri Lanka's premier commer-
cial hub and tourist destination. Accordingly, the Colombo metropol-
Planning and itan area will be connected to other regional hubs by major network
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt of highways and railways will function as the heart of the island.
Furthermore, considering the transport flow to the city of Colombo,
P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Physical Sector
more attention should be paid to private vehicles as well as the public
transport network.

Highway System

As shown in Figure 2.30 it can be identified that, there is a road network

of 850 km, out of the Baseline Road, Galle Road, New Avissawella
Colombo Road and Kandy–Colombo Road owns by Road Develop-
ment Authority. Other road areas are owned by the Road Development
Authority and the local authorities. In terms of road connectivity, the
Colombo City Area is connected to other areas by the seven main corri-
dors namely Negombo Road, Kandy Road, Low Level Road, New Kandy
Road, High Level Road, Horana Road and Galle Road. Through these
corridors there is a high daily flow of passengers into the Colombo
Municipal Council area.

44
Urban Development Authority

Chapter 02
Basic Study

P lan n i n g and
S i tuati on a l Context

P res en t Day C o l o mb o
Physical Sector

Figure No. 2.30 : Road Network, Railway Network and Highway System of Colombo City
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2002

45
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 According to the Comtrans Urban Transport Study Report (2014), the
Basic Study highest number of passenger arrives through the New Kandy Road,
which amounts of 22% of the total value. The passenger flow through
⸺ the other corridors is as follows. (Figure 2.31)

Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt

P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Physical Sector

Galle
Hoarana
Malambe
High Level Road
Low Level Road
Kandy
Negambo

Figure No. 2.31 : No of Vehicles Entering to the Colombo City via the Seven Major Corridors
Source : ComTrans Urban Transport Planning, 2014

Expressways

The Colombo-Katunayake Expressway starting from Peliyagoda, the

proposed expressway from Kelaniya to Athurugiriya and the port
access road from Colombo Port to Igurukade Junction, can be cited
as express ways. The Outer Circular Highway, the Colombo-Matara
Expressway and the Colombo-Kandy Expressway will also carry
passengers to Colombo.

46
Urban Development Authority

Railway System Chapter 02

Basic Study
The main railway line of the Sri Lanka Railways network, the Coastal
Railway to Matara and the Kelaniweli Railway to Avissawella, run ⸺
through the Colombo Municipal Council area. This railway line
consists of several railway stations. Fort Railway Station, Mara- P lan n i n g and
dana Railway Station and Dematagoda Railway Station are the main S i tuati on a l Context

railway stations. The coastal railway line has been developed as a

P res en t Day C o l o mb o
dual carriageway from Colombo Fort to Kalutara. However, the Kelani Physical Sector
Valley Railway was developed in 1902 for the transportation of rubber
products and is designed as a relatively narrow railway line. Consid-
ering the average speed of the train, the average speed of the train from
Colombo Fort Railway Station to Ratmalana Railway Station is 25 km
per hour. The average speed of the train from Maradana to Padukka is
24 km per hour.

Figure No. 2.32 : Railway Passenger Transportation and Colombo Fort Railway Station
Source : Flickr Website, 2021

47
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 According to a survey conducted by the University of Moratuwa it is

Basic Study observed that , 152,000 passengers daily on both ways of the Demata-
goda-Ragama railway line, 136,000 passengers between Fort - Mara-
⸺ dana and 121,000 between Maradana and Dematagoda.

Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt
Transport by Buses

P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Physical Sector 6% of the total vehicles entering the city of Colombo are public trans-
port buses, which carry 62% of the total number of passengers. Also,
94% of the total vehicles entering the city of Colombo are cars, three
wheelers and other private vehicles carring about 38% of the total
number of passengers.

According to the National Transport Commission, there are 680

inter-provincial buses and 400 domestic buses in the Western Prov-
ince. Out of these inland provincial buses, 7400 inter-provincial buses
start from the Pettah bus terminal and 3300 inland provincial buses
start daily from the Pettah main bus stand. In addition, the number of
passengers taking the intercity bus service from the Pettah bus stand
is around 38,000 daily, and the number of passengers taking the inner
city bus service daily, is around 14,000.

Figure No. 2.33 : Sri Lanka Central Bus Terminal and Gunasinghapura Bus Stand
Source : Alarmy Website, 2021

48
Urban Development Authority

d) Services and Infrastructure Chapter 02

Basic Study
Water Facilities
⸺
Under the Western Province Main Plan 2013 - Water Supply to the City
Zones- the Kalutara, Colombo and Gampaha districts as a section, the P lan n i n g and
S i tuati on a l Context
ownership of water supply, and management bears by the National
Water Supply and Drainage Board of Sri Lanka. Accordingly main P res en t Day C o l o mb o
sources of supply water are: Physical Sector

• Labugama and Kalatuwawa reservoirs

• Kelani River and its tributary Seethawaka River
• The Kaluganga and its tributary-Kudaa Ganga

In addition, although, the groundwater level in the area is high due

to the Kelani River being a natural source of water, the groundwater
is also polluted due to improperly treated wastewater discharged into
the Kelani River by industries.

Accordingly, the National Water Supply and Drainage Board has

provided 310,982 water connections to the Colombo Municipal Council
area by the year 2020. According to the statistics of the National Water
Supply and Drainage Board, the daily demand for water in 2016 was
around 350,990 cubic meters, covering 89.2% of the total area of the
Colombo Municipal Council, and the board has managed to supply
with an average of 23.8 hours of uninterrupted water per day.

The National Water Supply and Drainage Board estimates that the
water demand will be around 614,173 cubic meters by 2030 and has
already launched several water supply projects to meet that demand.
Accordingly, it is expected to be able to provide water facilities to
nearly 1,473,737 water connections by the year 2030.

49
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02
Basic Study

Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt

P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Physical Sector

Figure No. 2.34 : Pipe born water Line system Laid in the Colombo Municipal Council Area
Source : National Board of Water Supply and Drainage, 2021

Further, the drinking water supply pipeline system to the Colombo

Municipal Council boundary and the water distribution pipeline
system within the Colombo Municipal Council area are shown in
Figure 2.34.

50
Urban Development Authority

Electricity Facilities Chapter 02

Basic Study
The entire supply of electricity in Sri Lanka is operated under four
distribution divisions and the supply of electricity to the city of ⸺
Colombo is done under Division No. 1. In addition, 123 KW substa-
tions have been set up at Kotahena, Fort, Kollupitiya, Maradana and P lan n i n g and
Havelock Town to maintain uninterrupted power supply in the city. S i tuati on a l Context

According to the statistics of the Ceylon Electricity Board in 2019,

P res en t Day C o l o mb o
the annual electricity demand of the city of Colombo has been iden- Physical Sector
tified as 1523 GWh, which is 10.4% of the total demand in Sri Lanka.
According to the report, around 182260 electricity connections have
been provided to the city of Colombo in the year 2019.

The maximum electricity demand of

the city of Colombo exceeds 250 MW
and the annual energy consumption is
around 1200 GWh. The city of Colombo
covers an area of only 37 sq km and has
a population of over one million resi-
dential and non-residential population
with over 160,000 customers, or 10%
supplying more than 112 kVA, which
accounts for about 20% of Sri Lanka's
electricity sales.

The power line system of City of

Colombo consists of 23 km of 33 kw
capacity lines, 700 km of 11 kw capa-
city lines and 1113 km of general elec-
tricity lines.

Figure No. 2.35 : Map of Sri Lanka Transmission System – 2019

Source : https://ceb.lk /transmission/en

51
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 Sewage and wastewater management

Basic Study
During the British rule, a sewerage system was constructed to cover
⸺ the entire Colombo Municipal Council boundary, but today, due to
the growing residential and circulating population, high effluent
Planning and generation is taking place. The Colombo Municipal Sewerage System
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt collects wastewater, pumps it through pumping stations and finally
discharges it into the ocean through five major wastewater discharges.
P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Physical Sector
The amount of wastewater generated by various areas in the city of
Colombo is given in Table 2.2 below.

Mattakkuliya, Dematagoda, Narahenpita and Kirulapone areas can be

identified as areas not covered by the Sewage and Wastewater Manage-
ment System within the Colombo Municipal Council limits as shown
in Figure 2.32. Furthermore, as pointed out by the Colombo Munic-
ipal Council, 66% of the population of the city of Colombo has a local
sewerage facility and 19% is covered by a public sewerage system, but
15% do not have access to sewerage facilities.

Maximum dry Normal dry Maximum wet

weather flow weather flow weather flow
Area
Liters per second Liters per second Liters per second

Kollupitiya 11.5 42.5 59.4

Bambalapitiya 31.8 102.8 143.9

Wellawatte 14.6 51.9 72.6

Total wastewater flow

57.9 197.2 275.9
in liters per second

Total wastewater
flow cubic meters 0.06 0.2 0.28
per second

Total daily wastewater

4998.2
flow cubic meters

Table No. 2.2 : Amounts of waste water generated by different areas of Colombo city
Source : Maritime City Development Project, 2020

52
Urban Development Authority

Chapter 02
Basic Study

P lan n i n g and
S i tuati on a l Context

P res en t Day C o l o mb o
Physical Sector

Figure No. 2.36 : Areas not covered by the Sewage and Wastewater
Management System within the Colombo Municipal Council limits
Source : State of Sri Lankan Cities Project, 2018

53
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 Solid Waste Management

Basic Study
About 550 metric tons of solid waste is collected daily in the Colombo
⸺ Municipal Council area and it is collected, transport and disposed
by the Colombo Municipal Council. The solid waste is seperated and
Planning and collected as decomposes, recyclable and non-recyclable, transported
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt by tractors, compactors and dump trucks. Collection of biodegradable
solid waste is done once in 3 days and recyclable and non-recyclable
P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Physical Sector
solid waste is collected once a week.

The Municipal Council has introduced strategies for solid waste

management such as composting at home, solid waste management
projects in schools, recyclable waste collection centers and solid waste
generation projects.

A Memorandum of Understanding has been signed between the

Colombo Municipal Council and Western Energy Pvt. Ltd. for a project
to generate energy using solid waste. The project will add 10 mega-
watts of capacity to the national grid from the yard to be built in the
Kerawalapitiya area.

About 250 to 300 metric tons of waste collected in this manner is sent
daily to the Kerawalapitiya landfill. Another 15-25 metric tons of other
unusable solid waste is dumped daily into the sanitary landfill at
Dompe scientifically.

54
Urban Development Authority

2.2.4.2. Economic Sector Chapter 02

Basic Study
The City of Colombo which is considered to be the Commercial Hub
of Sri Lanka, has been named as a 'Gamma +' city which connects ⸺
the world economy and small scale economic zones according to a
ranking in 2018. P lan n i n g and
S i tuati on a l Context
The City of Colombo is also considered as the second most expensive
P res en t Day C o l o mb o
city in South Asia and contributes significantly to Sri Lanka's GDP
Economic Sector
through its active participation in the financial, tourism, real estate,
IT related services, industry and services and retail sectors. Thereby, It
has also become a leading business center in South Asia.

Business
Administration Cost

Fluctuations in
Living Standards
Local Economy

Government Human Resources

Responsibility Towards and Training
the need of Business

Business
Administration Cost

Figure No. 2.37 : Urban Competitive Index

Source : State of Sri Lankan Cities Project, 2018

In addition, the vast majority of multinational and local listed compa-

nies have set up their headquarters and sub-offices in the Colombo
Central Trade Area including the Colombo Stock Exchange, which
contributes significantly to the national economy.

55
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 The City of Colombo in terms of Economic Contribution — According

Basic Study to the Urban Competitiveness Index, a city is ranked by factors such
as cost of running a business, changes in the local economy, living
⸺ standards, human resources and training, infrastructure facilities, and
state liability for business needs. Accordingly, The City of Colombo is
Planning and ranked as number one and Kurunegala and Kandy are ranked second
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt and third respectively (State of Sri Lankan Cities Project, 2018).
P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Economic Sector
Per Capita GDP of The City of Colombo

According to the 2017 Central Bank Report, the per capita GDP of the
city of Colombo has been Rs. 783,645 in 2016. It has gradually been
gone up from 2008 to 2017. (Figure 2.38).
Estimated per capita GDP

Year

Figure No. 2.38 : Estimated per capita GDP of Colombo City

Source : Central Bank Report of Sri Lanka, 2017

56
Urban Development Authority

Value of the lands in City of Colombo Chapter 02

Basic Study
The growth rate of land value in the city of Colombo has shown as
13.6% in the first half of 2019 and it has come down to 7.1% by the year ⸺
2020. The Central Bank's Land Assessment Index (LVI) shows a growth
of 12.8% for residential lands, 14.9% for industrial lands and 13.2% for P lan n i n g and

commercial lands as compared to 2019, as shown in Figure 2.35. As a S i tuati on a l Context

result of the Easter attack in 2019 and the new Covid-19 epidemic, all
P res en t Day C o l o mb o
real estate shows a slower growth average of 10.5%. Economic Sector

Index Value

Residential Land Value Index Industrial Land Value Index

Commercial Land Value Index Land Value Index

Figure No. 2.39 : Land Value Index (LVI)

Source : Central Bank Report of Sri Lanka, 2017

57
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 Colombo Wholesale Market

Basic Study
Pettah Shop Street, People's Plaza, Panchikawatte Auto Parts Market
⸺ and Colombo Gold Center can be cited as examples for the largest
and most active wholesale markets in the Colombo Municipal
Planning and Council area.
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt

P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Economic Sector a) Pettah Bazaar

Figure No. 2.40 : Streets in Pettah

Source : Flickr Website, 2021

Located close to the Port of Colombo, it can be identified as the busiest

outdoor wholesale market. The streets in the Pettah Bazaar area are
well-known for selling various goods as follows.

• Leather goods: Front Street, Main Street

• Clothes, shoes, bags: Front Street, Main Street, 2 nd Cross Street
• Electrical: 1 st Cross Street, Kumara Street
• Festival goods: China Street
• Toys: Kumara Street
• Stationery: Maliban Street, 2 nd Cross Street
• Vegetables, Fruits: 5 th Cross Street

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Urban Development Authority

b) Colombo Gold Center Chapter 02

Basic Study
According to the plan done by the Urban Development Authority, the
five storied Colombo Gold Center Complex was constructed in 2014, ⸺
using the manpower of the 4th Engineering Services Regiment of the
Sri Lanka Army. It is consisted of 83 gold and jewelry shops, three P lan n i n g and
banks for finance and a Gem and Jewelery Authority branch to ensure S i tuati on a l Context

the authenticity of gems and jewelery.

P res en t Day C o l o mb o
Economic Sector

Figure No. 2.41 : Colombo Gold Center

Source : yamu.lk, 2021

The Colombo Gold Center also provide restaurant facilities, free

parking and Wi-Fi technology, as well as police security to ensure the
security of clients and property, and surveillance by CCTV cameras
throughout the day. Thus, the provision of organized internal services
allows clients to purchase gold, gems and jewelry while saving time
and effort in a secure environment.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 c) Panchikawatta Auto Spare Parts Market

Basic Study
A special market with a collection of formal and informal motor
⸺ spare parts situated along Maradana Panchikawatta road. Panchika-
watta Auto Spare Parts Market is a very popular market among all Sri
Planning and Lankans with a very high demand, from where any kind of a spare part
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt can be purchased comparatively at a more profitable expenditure.
P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Economic Sector

Figure No. 2.42 : Panchikawatta Vehicle Spare Parts Market

Source : Flickr Website, 2021, Break Motors Web Site, 2016

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Urban Development Authority

As a Tourist Destination Chapter 02

Basic Study
With the end of the civil war in 2009, an uptrend in the arrival of tour-
ists was marked from the early part of the year 2010. According to the ⸺
recent reports, the arrival of tourists that was 1.7 millions (1,798,380)
in 2016 was increased upto 2 millons (2,050,832) i.e. by 14%, in the year P lan n i n g and

2017. According to the report of Jones Lang Lasalle - 2016, a tourist who S i tuati on a l Context

visits Sri Lanka for a Ten-day tour stays, at least, two days in the City of
P res en t Day C o l o mb o
Colombo, spends 100 dollars per day approximately. Accordingly, the Economic Sector
exisiting attractive branded network of hotels, common open spaces,
historic sites, shoping complexers, trade name fashions, modern facil-
ities and multi-national company branches etc. are caused fundamen-
tally for the City of Colombo to become a tourist destination.

Figure No. 2.43 : Attractive Places In Colombo

Source : Shangri-La Colombo, Twitter, Lakpura) Website, CNN Website

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 2.2.4.3. Social Sector

Basic Study
In order to study the Social Background of the Colombo area, popula-
⸺ tion, health, education and public outdoor recreational facilities are
discussed in deeply.
Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt
a) Population

P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Social Sector I. Residential Population

According to the Census conducted by the Department of Census and

Statistics, the population of the Colombo Municipal Council area in
the year 2011 was 555,152. Furthermore, according to the data obtained
from the Colombo Municipal Council, the resident population within
the Colombo city limits in the year 2017 was 555,031. Accordingly, the
natural population growth rate in the Colombo Municipal Council
area is -0.00004 and accordingly the projected residential population
for the year 2030 will be 554,769.

Population Density

In terms of population density in the city of Colombo, a higher popula-

tion density can be identified in the Colombo North area as compared
to the Colombo Central and Colombo South areas. The main reason for
this is the high prevalence of low income settlements in the Colombo
North area. Accordingly, Madampitiya, Kochchikade North, Nawagam-
pura and Hulftsdorp (Aluth Kade) Grama Niladhari Divisions are the
most densely populated areas. (Figure 2.44)

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Urban Development Authority

Figure No. 2.44 : Population Density in Colombo

Source : Census and Statistic Data, 2012

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 According to Gender

Basic Study
Male population is 50.14% and the female is 49.86% within the
⸺ Colombo Municipal Council. (Census of Population and Housing,
2012).
Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt According to Age Group

P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Social Sector
Population distribution in the Colombo metropolitan area is 23.1%,
24.76%, 39.82% and 12.29% respectively for those below 15 years of
age, 15-29 years, 30-59 years and over 60 years. (Figure 2.42) (Census of
Population and Housing, 2012).

By Race

Population distribution is 36.7%, 31.5% and 29.3% in Sinhala, Tamil

and Islam respectively.

36.7 %
Sinhala

31.5 %
Tamil
Population

29.3 %
Muslim

Age group Female Male

Figure No. 2.45 : Population Distribution According to the Age Catergory and Male / Female
Catergory | Source : Census and Statistic Data, 2012

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Urban Development Authority

II. Passenger Population Chapter 02

Basic Study
According to the Comtrans Study Report in 2014, it has been identi-
fied that around 1.75 million people enter the city daily through the ⸺
seven main corridors that enter to the city. Furthermore, the total
passenger population of the city of Colombo is estimated to be around P lan n i n g and
2.0 million per day, with about 0.3 million entering daily through other S i tuati on a l Context

access routes.
P res en t Day C o l o mb o
Social Sector
Further, in the case of the Colombo metropolitan area, the total per
capita travel generation per day will increase to 12.2 million persons
per day and the current per capita travel demand of 6.9 million passen-
gers per day will be 1.75 times.

Daily No of Passengers
Corridors
Entering to the Colombo City

Main Corridors

Negombo Road 245,880

Kandy Road 437,120

Low Level Road 150,000

Malabe Road 348,000

High Level Road 174,000

Galle Road 298,000

Horana road 130,000

Other

Kolonnawa Road 89,335

Kirimandala Mawatha 27,051

Narahenpita Road 47,623

Polhengoda Road 14,857

Table No. 2.3 : Daily No. of Passengers Entering to the Colombo City
Source : ComTrans Urban Transport Planning, 2014

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 III. Immigrant population

Basic Study
The population of male residents in the Colombo Metropolitan area is
⸺ about 281,460, out of which 73,540 are migrants. Also, there are about
279,860 female residents in the Colombo Municipal Council area, out
Planning and of which 70,610 are migrants. Accordingly, it is identified that the popu-
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt lation of migrant males is increasing as compared to the female popu-
lation of migrants within the municipal limits. (Figure 2.43) (Census of
P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Social Sector
Population and Housing, 2012).
Population

Immigration Time Period (Years) Female Male

Figure No. 2.46 : Immigrant Population

Source : Census and Statistic Data, 2012

b) Health Facilities

Since the introduction of the Free Health Policy in 1951, the provi-
sion of free health care to citizens in Sri Lanka has been considered
as a national priority. Accordingly, the Government will provide the
necessary health facilities to the public by locating National Hospitals,
Teaching Hospitals, Base Hospitals and Regional Hospitals throughout
the island. Within the city limits of Colombo, there are a large number
of public and private hospitals equipped with modern health facili-
ties to provide effective health care to the citizens. Therefore, Colombo
can also be considered as the city main healthcare facilitating city in
Sri Lanka.

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Urban Development Authority

The major government hospitals located within the Colombo Munic- Chapter 02
ipal Council limit are shown below and all public and private hospitals Basic Study
are illustrated in Figure 2.47.
⸺

• National Hospital of Sri Lanka P lan n i n g and

• National Eye Hospital S i tuati on a l Context
• Castle Street Women's Hospital
• De Zoysa Women's Hospital P res en t Day C o l o mb o
• National Dental Hospital, Sri Lanka Social Sector
• Lady Ridgeway Children's Hospital
• Colombo Central District Hospital - Maligawatta
• Ayurvedic Teaching Hospital – Borella

Figure No. 2.47 : National and Private Hospital In Colombo City

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 c) Educational Facilities

Basic Study
A total number of 188 schools are concentrated in the city of Colombo,
⸺ including 38 national schools, 58 provincial schools, 48 international
schools and 34 private schools. (Figure 2.48)
Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt

P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Social Sector

Figure No. 2.48 : National and Private Schools In Colombo City

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2020

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Urban Development Authority

As a significant number of schools in the city of Colombo belong to Chapter 02

the popular school category, students from other parts of the island Basic Study
outside the city of Colombo come to these schools daily by train, bus,
school transport and private transportation, or by staying in school ⸺
hostels and other temporary accommodation.
P lan n i n g and
S i tuati on a l Context
Due to the concentration of relatively large number of schools in the
city of Colombo, there is heavy traffic congestion on the streets of P res en t Day C o l o mb o
Colombo on weekdays. According to Comtrans studies, the estimated Social Sector
day and night student population in the Colombo Financial City by
2035 is as per Table 2.4.

Number of students per Number of students per

Student category
day (Night Time) day (Day Time)

School students 295,300 438,100

University students 24,000 72,900

Sum 319,300 511,000

Table No. 2.4 : Estimated Student population in Colombo City – 2035

Source : ComTrans Urban Transport Planning, 2014

According to the above data, by the year 2035, 511,000 students will
be studying in the city of Colombo, out of which 190,000 students
will be daily commuters. In addition to this, Colombo is home to a
number of internationally recognized private and public universities
and a number of other higher education institutions that attract large
student populations to the city. (Figure 2.49)

According to the Department of Census and Statistics, 50% of children

of school age in the Colombo Municipal Council area attend school
and 35% do not attend school. The remaining 15% engage in other
educational activities.

50% 35% 15%

Attend School Do Not Attend Other Educational
School Activities

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02
Basic Study

Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt

P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Social Sector

Figure No. 2.49 : National and Private Higher Education Institute In Colombo City
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2020

Computer Literacy

When consider the computer literacy by age group, the age between
15–19 and 20–24 has reported highest rate of computer literracy
while reporting equal rate by gender groups. (Figure No. 2.50)

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 Urban Development Authority

Chapter 02
Basic Study

P lan n i n g and
S i tuati on a l Context

P res en t Day C o l o mb o
Social Sector
Age Group

Female Male

Figure No. 2.50 : Computer Literacy

Source : Census and Statistic Data, 2012

d) Public Outdoor Recreational Facilities

Both the public and private sectors contribute to the provision of

active and passive / indirect recreational facilities to the residential
and day-to-day population of the city of Colombo. Accordingly, the
entertainment facilities spread across the city of Colombo can be cate-
gorized as follows.

Active Sport

Indoor

Passive Cinema
Cultural center
Conference hall
Exhibition center
Common Librar y
Recreational
Facility

Active Urban parks

Play grounds
Gymnasium
Swimming pool
Outdoor Jogging tracks

Passive Scenic places

Historical places
Cemeter y

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 Below are some of the major attractions that can be identified in the
Basic Study city of Colombo.

⸺
Galle Face Green
Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt Initially, the Galle Face Green was used to place artillery against
Portuguese by the Dutch and for horse racing, cricket, football, polo,
P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
roughby and tennis and other sports activities as well. According to
Social Sector
historic records, the Galle Face Green had been extended into a larger
area than that of at present and the northen border was Beira lake,
Colombo fortress and city cemetrary of Colombo. Southen border was
the Galle Face hotel.

Figure No. 2.51 : Galle Face

Source : Alan Howden, 2020

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Urban Development Authority

At present, it is a garden of approximately 12 acres extending about Chapter 02

500 meters towards the sea along the beach. This is the largest open Basic Study
space located in the City of Colombo that provides a splendid view of
the Indian ocean. Also, is a famouse distination for those on one day ⸺
excursions from varoius parts of the island-lovers, children playing,
yougesters, adults, local and foreign tourits, vendors (ice cream, fruits, P lan n i n g and
ballons), beggers, enjoying facilities of a Centrel Urban Park/ Centrel S i tuati on a l Context
Recreational Area. Further, this garden area is used for local and inter-
P res en t Day C o l o mb o
national festivals, variety entertainments, kite exhibisions, various Social Sector
outdoor exhibisions, new year celebrations, public meetings, concerts,
carnivals and camping.

Vihara Maha Devi Garden

The Vihara Maha Devi Garden that has

been established during the British
era and open for the public in 1951,
had been considered as the center of
colombo when applying the Garden
City Concept by sir Patrick Geddes in
1921. During the World War II, after
having aquired by the British Army,
this was named as the Victoria Garden.

Consisting of active and passive enter-

tainment facilities, this garden, shaded
by massive vegetation is seen as the
large estate. This is helpful to regu-
late the temperature of the environ-
ment and sooth the amount of Carbon
Dioxide in the atmosphere. The garden
is also comprise of such as walking
lanes, cycling trucks, children park
and Open Air Theater as well as the
little ponds and tiny lakes.

Figure No. 2.52 : Viharamahadevi Park

Source : lakpura.com

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 Theaters and Cinemas

Basic Study
There are many popular cinema and theater halls for stage dramas,
⸺ in-door concerts, movies and exhibitions etc in the City of Colombo.
Entertaining programs are regularly held in theaters such as Nelum
Planning and Pokuna, Lionel Wendt Art Centre, Elphinstone Theatre, John De Silva
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt Memorial Theatre that attended by foreign and local spectators in
distant areas.
P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Social Sector

Figure No. 2.53 : Nelum Pokuna

Source : nelumpokuna.com, 2020

Figure No. 2.54 : Lionel Wendt

Source : lionelwendt.org, 2020

74
Urban Development Authority

National and International Level Playgrounds Chapter 02

Basic Study
A number of stadium, sport grounds and sport complexes, that are
hosting for cricket tournaments and athletic games of national and ⸺
international level, have been established in the City of Colombo.
Among them, Sugathadasa Stadium having the spectator capacity of P lan n i n g and
25,000 is a multi functional sport complex and R. Premadasa inter- S i tuati on a l Context

national cricket stadium situated in Maligawatta with a spectator

P res en t Day C o l o mb o
capacity of 35,000 is popular venue where over 100 one day interna- Social Sector
tional encounters were held by now. These international stadiums
attract a large number of people to the city of Colombo during cricket
and other sporting events.

Figure No. 2.55 : R. Premadasa International Cricket Stadium

Source : Devinda Guruge, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 Conference Halls

Basic Study
The Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, popular
⸺ known as the BMICH, is the first international complex of its kind
ever to be built in Sri Lanka, ceremonially open in 1973. THE BMICH
Planning and posseses conference halls and entertaining locations with facicilities
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt of high standard. Visited at least once by the majority of Sri lankans
to take part or to experience activities such as Colombo International
P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Social Sector
Book Fair, Exhibitions, Conferences, Meetings, Graduation ceremo-
nies, Cultural Festivals,Weddings,Concerts or Trade Fairs etc. held at
this attractive venue. The annual turnover of the BMICH in the year
2016 has been Rs: 550 milions. In addition to the BMICH there are
number of private and state owned conference hall of international
level a scatted within the City of Colombo.

Figure No. 2.56 : Bandaranayake Memorial International Conferrance Hall

Source : Sunday Observer, 2018

Educational Exhibition Centers

Colombo Museum — Conserving a large collection of artifacts of historic

and cultural value, and reflecting memories of past heritage of the
island and its people, the National Museum founded in 1877, is the
prime venue that displays multifarious objects belong to all eras of
country's history.

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 02
Basic Study

P lan n i n g and
S i tuati on a l Context

P res en t Day C o l o mb o
Social Sector

Figure No. 2.57 : Colombo National Museum

Source : wikipedia.org, 2021

Planetarium of Sri Lanka — Planetarium of Sri Lanka has been cons-

tructed in 1965 by the State Engineering corporation as a special
feature of the Sri Lanka Industrial Exhibition held in the same year
and is the one and only Planetarium in the country even today. This is
considered a must-see view place on educational tours organized by
schools of Sri Lanka.

Figure No. 2.58 : Planetarium of Sri Lanka

Source : likesrilanka.com, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02 e) Places of Cultural, Religious, Architectural and Archaeological value.

Basic Study
A many places of Cultural, Religious and Architectural value have
⸺ been identified in the City of Colombo and they are being conserved
by the Department of Archaeology. Refer annexure 1. Specially
Planning and in addtioan to the Buddhist shrines, several Chiristian churches
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt can be identified.
P re s e n t Day C ol ombo
Social Sector

Environmental Division 2.2.2.4. Environmental Sector

Environmental sector of the Colombo Municipal Council area can be

categorized as per below. Accordingly, two main sectors as natural
environment and created environment can be identified. Weather
condition, Vegitetion, forest, natural and man made wetlands, urban
jungles, parks, rivers associated with drainage patterns, cannels,
and sea beach can be identified under natural environment . Under
created environment , highways as two dimension (2D) environment
and buildings as three dimension (3D) environment can be identified.

a) Environmental resources

I. Wetlands

Wetlands are eco-friendly green investment that facilitate the reten-

tion of natural water as well as to avoid overflow. The Colombo City has
been declared a RAMSAR wetland city at the RAMSAR International
Wetlands Conference held in Dubai on 25 October 2018. According
to the classfication of wetlands within the City of Colombo Muciple
Council area, Lakes are identified as man-made wetlands and water
sources, marshy lands, rivers and cannels can be identified as natural
wetlands. The river Kelani that flows in parallel to the northen border
of the Colombo Municipal Council is located as a natural wetland
and the Beira lake, extension of which is 0.78 squre kilometers, can be
identified as the largest internal wetland in the City of Colombo. The
wetlands of the City of Colombo were shrinking and depleted with the
passage of time, due to the reason that historic expansion of the City of
Colombo has been taking place in association with wetlands.

According to the ecological role of wetlands within the area of the

Colombo Municipal Council, attention should be paid on wetlands
which are spread throughout the whole Greater Colombo Area as a
network. Accordingly, out of the total land usage 15.4% is covered by

78
Urban Development Authority

wetlands. Due to the process of settlements is assocated with wetlands Chapter 02

that occur with the increase of population in the area, the capacity for Basic Study
the retension of water in wetlands has been decreased. This has affected
on the hydrologic cycle and the service generated by the same directly ⸺
and negatively, and has also caused the depletion of the envrionmental
P lan n i n g and
system linked with the wetlands. Further, the flood controlling ability
S i tuati on a l Context
was also decreased by the increased velocity of overflow that has been
caused by the urbanization of catchment areas and the construction P res en t Day C o l o mb o
of cannels associated with the wetlands. However, the water retension Environmental Division
capacity related to the Greater Colombo Basin has been reduced by
about 30% due to the urban development taken place during the past
decade. Accroding to hydrological context analysis, severe flooding
that considered to be occuring once in every 50 years as in the year
2010, may turn to be a probable phenominon that takes place once in
every 25 years, if the wetlands get completely loss.

Mainly consisting of the Greater Colombo Basin and Kolonnawa Basin,

the basin around the capital City of Colombo includes wetlands and
reservoirs spread over 16.64 square kilometers of which roughly about
13.07 square kilometers are wetlands and balance covered by reser-
voirs. According to the projections made, it has been reveled that the
risk of flood in the area will rise up by 90% due to perishment and
aquirement of wetlands, and it has been predicted that 90% of afore-
said wetlands, i.e. 12.41 square kilometers, may either be aquired ille-
gally or may be subjected to urbanization.

II. Network of Canals

As far as the history of canals is concerned, it goes as far back as to

the era of Portuguese. Laterly, these canals, that have been improved
during the periods of the Dutch and the British, are now been main-
tained by the Sri Lanka Irrigation Department, Sri Lanka Land Devel-
opment Corporation and the Colombo Municipal Council. This system
of canals is comprised of five main streams carrying water to the sea
and many small drains to remove rain water. While water streams
directly discharged to the sea via of Dehiwala, Wellawatta, Mutwall
tunnel and Beira lake exits, St. North Lock and St. Sebastian out-lets
are connecting to the river Kelani.

Accordingly, the Colombo Municipal Council area owns a well spread

out network of canals with a total length of 80 km approximately.
The physical data of the canals spread across the City of Colombo are
shown in the table 2.5 below.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 02
Average Water level (meters)
Basic Study Length
Canal width
(km)
(meters) Wet Dry

⸺ St. Sebastian North Canal 1.3 20 1.14 1.6

St. Sebastian South Canal 5 20 1.37 1.6

Planning and
Si tuati o n a l C o n te xt Dematagoda canal 2.7 20 1.9 1.83

P re s e n t Day C ol ombo Dematagoda turn 4.7 30 1.3 1.61

Environmental Division
Kinda Ela 6.4 35 1.89 1.99

Kirulapone canal 1.3 25 1.7 1.79

Wellawatte Canal 3.1 20 1.09 1.19

Dehiwala canal 6.8 25 1.3 1.29

Torrington Canal 1.6 12 1.4 2

Table No. 2.5 : Physical data of canals located in the city of Colombo
Source : Land Development Corporation of Sri Lanka, 2018

P l a n i n g A rea
D ete r m i n at i o n
2.3. Planing Area Determination
In determining the planning limit for the Colombo City Development
plan, attention was also paid on the adjacent local authorities of Kotte
Municipal Council, Dehiwala Mount Lavinia Municipal Council and
Kolonnawa Urban Council, and the development structure of those
local authorites are shown in the table 2.6.

Grama
Divisional Secretary's
Local Government Authority Niladhari
Division
Division

Thimbirigasyaya,
Colombo Municipal Council 47
Colombo

Kotte Municipal Council Kotte 20

Dehiwala - Mount Lavinia Dehiwala, Mount-

29
Municipal Council Lavinia, Ratmalana

Kolonnawa Urban Council Kolonnawa 13

Table No. 2.6 : Administrative structure of local government bodies

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

80
Urban Development Authority

Those four administrative areas have been declared as urban develop- Chapter 02
ment areas by the Urban Development Authority and the following are Basic Study
the development plans for the said local government areas.
⸺

I. Colombo City Development Plan 2008 (Revised) P lan i n g Area

II. Development Plan Dehiwala – Mount Lavinia Municipal D eter mi n ation
Council Area 2007-2020
III. Sri-Jayawardenapura Kotte 2008-2020
IV. Kolonnawa Urban Council Development Plan (Outline)

Also, as the planning period for all the development plans prepared
for the above administrative areas is nearing completion, the Urban
Development Authority has commenced the task of preparing new
development plans for all those areas in the year 2019.

As far as the physical location is concerned, it is evident that the

City of Colombo and the neighbouring areas are comprising of a
well inter-connected network of water ways, such as the river Kelani,
Dematagoda canal, Kinda canal and Wellawatta canal etc. Also, it can
be identified that the physcial borders of the said local government
authorities have been determined taking these water-ways as the basis.

Out of the said four local aithorities, it can be identified that the
borders of the Colombo Municipal Council, comparing with the rest,
are based on clearly by waterways. The river Kelani is considered to
be the northern border while the Dematagoda canal, the Kinda canal
and the Wellawatta canal provide the limit for thje east. The Wella-
watta canal and sea are the southern and western borders respectively.
(Figure No. 2.59)

Accordingly, since mainly the physical and the administrative borders

are covering one and the same area, and also since the functional
border often coincides with the administrative and physical limits, the
Colombo Municipal area with 37.31 squre kilometers that includes the
Colombo and Thimbirigasyaya secretariats has been identified as the
planning area as shown in the Map No. 2.1.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Figure No. 2.59 : Physical Boundary

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

82
 Urban Development Authority

Map No. 2.1 : Colombo නගර සැැලසුුම්් සීීමාාව

Source : Uban Development Authority 2021
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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

84
Urban Development Authority

Chapter
03
Need of the
Development Plan

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 3.1. Introduction

Need of the
Development Plan
In order to idetify the need of the development plan, the current
context, problems and potentials of the planning area should be
⸺
studied comprehensively. Through such it is intended to provide
answers to the actual need for the plan. The need of the devel-
In t ro du ct i o n
opment plan is framed by taking into account the problems and
potential of the planning area considering the direction in which
the plan should focus and the areas of the city which should be
developed in the future.

Identification of Problems in the Planning Area

In order to identify the problems in the planning area, different

stakeholders that is; the Colombo Municipal Council, govern-
ment and semi-government agencies, private companies, non
government organisations, other service providers in the city,
professionals, social activists, public representatives, citizens
and the commuters were involved in the planning process and
data and information were collected through workshops, inter-
views, integrated field investigations and surveys. Accordingly,
it was able to figureout a considerable number of problems
covering a wide range and the problems were correctly defined
by conducting brainstorming discussions to assess those prob-
lems on a priority and quantitative basis with the participation
of the planning team. Further, based on the observations of the
various analyzes done to identify the root causes of the iden-
tified problems and the conclusions drawn from them, the key
problems were listed as follows based on priority.

1. Problems due to changing development trends

• Spontaneous high-density development carried out within the city limits of

Colombo irrespective of the supporting infrastructure.
• Challenges to achieve future development potentials due to the preparation
of planning and building regulations based solely on land use.

2. Social, economic and environmental problems aroused by the expansion of

low-income settlements.

3. Inconvenience to the public and economic loss caused due to traffic conges-
tion during peak hours around major arterials.

86
Urban Development Authority

4. Inconveniences due to environmental problems to residents living in Chapter 03

Colombo city limits and to commutors who come to obtain services. Need of the
Development Plan
I. Difficulties caused by urban floods / flash floods
II. Inconveniences caused by polluted water bodies ⸺
III. Discomfort caused due to heat island effect

I n troduction
Identification of Potentials in the Planning Area

In addition to the above problem identification, it is also very

important to identify the development potentials. Accordingly,
the city's existing economic potential, environmental potential
and active or proposed projects that directly contribute to the
needs of the development plan were identified.

1. Economic potential

• Real estate market related to Colombo city

• Increasing office space
• Growth of retail trade in the city of Colombo
• High-rise residential buildings
• Tourism industry

2. Environmental potential

• Kelani River
• The existing canal system in the city of Colombo
• Beira Lake

3. Ongoing and proposed projects

• Projects related to transport sector

• Large scale mixed development projects
• Projects related to port and freight

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 3.2. Identification of Problems

Need of the
Development Plan
3.2.1. Problems caused due to Changing
⸺ Development Trends
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Pro bl e m s
3.2.1.1. Spontaneous High-Density Developments carried-out
within the City Limits of Colombo Irrespective of the avalilability
P robl ems cau s ed
of Infrastructure
du e to C hang ing
D e v e l op ment Tre nd s
(a). Context

Development in a city is generally represented in the form of

high densified vertical developments, that is; the demand for
high-density urban buildings and structures. Hence, it can also
be cited as a key determinant for urban development. Through
high densified vertical development, the use of the space and
infrastructure in the city shall be utilized more efficiently and
effectively.

Accordingly, high density vertical development creates grea-

ter demand for physical and social infrastructure such as, tap
water supply, electricity supply, surface and sewerage facilities,
centralized solid waste management facilities, public recrea-
tion facilities and open space facilities. Inability to properly
regulate this demand results in failure to reach established
development goals.

By the late 1950s, the construction of medium-height buildings in

the city of Colombo began as a public sector investment. Subse-
quently, with the introduction of the Open Economic Policy in
1977, with the aim of encouraging private sector investment, the
Urban Development Authority prepared the necessary planning
and building regulations while releasing land for private sector
investment through urban regeneration projects. The Echelon
Square development project can be cited as the first project for a
public private partnership which took place between the Urban
Development Authority and the private sector.

88
Urban Development Authority

Later, commercial multi-storey developments such as Liberty Chapter 03

Plaza, Unity Plaza, Lucky Plaza in the 1980s, and King's Court and Need of the
Development Plan
Queen's Court in the 1990s became the first condominium prop-
erties to be built through private sector intervention. However,
after 1999, with the implementation of the Colombo Develop- ⸺
ment Plan – 1999 the construction of multi-storey condominium
I den ti fi cation of
buildings became more prevalent as there were provisions in the
P rob lems
development plan to promote the construction of multi-storey
buildings. P rob l em s ca u s e d
due to C h a ng i ng
Considering the legal background for condominium property De vel opm e nt Tre nd s
management, the Apartment Ownership Law No. 11 of 1973 and
its subsequent amendments to the Common Amenities Board Act
No. 10 of 1973 and Act No. 24 of 2003 or the commonly known
Condominium Management Authority Act can be identified.
Accordingly, the Condominium Management Authority which
was established in 2003, is legally obligated to approve condo-
minium development activities in Sri Lanka.

As per the Colombo City Development Plan (Amendment) 2008,

building classification based on building height is as follows.

Classification Number of floors

Low rise Up to 4 floors

Intermediate rise From 5 to 8

Medium rise From 9 to 12

High rise Over 13 floors

Table No. 3.1 : Building classification based on building height

Source : Colombo City Development Plan (Amendment), 2008

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 Gradual Growth of High-Rise and Condominium Buildings

Need of the
Development Plan The existing high-rise buildings in the city of Colombo can be
clarified under three main categories such as commercial and
⸺ residential developments, hotel development and high-rise
buildings for low-income people.

Figure No. 3.1 : Development of high rise multi storey buildings in Beira Lake and adjoining
area | Source : Colombopage, 2021

Most of the high rise condominium buildings constructed for

low income people under Urban regeneration Project are mainly
located in Colombo North Area around Dematagoda, Kotahena
and Bluomenthal, Mixed development projects carried out by
the Urban Development Authority on public-private partnership
has been spread in Borella, Slave Island, Galle Face, Colombo
North areas. Further, most of the high-rise residential, commer-
cial and mixed-use buildings built under private investment are
in central and southern Colombo; concentrated around Colpetty,
Wellawatte and Dehiwala. (Figure 3.2)

90
Urban Development Authority

Chapter 03
Need of the
Development Plan

I den ti fi cation of
P rob lems

P rob l em s ca u s e d
due to C h a ng i ng
De vel opm e nt Tre nd s

Figure No. 3.2 : High rise building distribution in Colombo and Suburbs
Source : Condominium Management Authority, 2017

Also, according to the report of a building survey conducted

by the Urban Development Authority in the year 2017, most of
the high-rise buildings can be identified as extending along the
Beira Lake area, Slave Island and the Galle Road and Duplication
Road from Colpetty to Wellawatte. (Figure 3.3).

91
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03
Need of the
Development Plan

Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Pro bl e m s

P robl ems cau s ed

du e to C hang ing
D e v e l op ment Tre nd s

Figure No. 3.3 : Building Distribution in Colombo Municipal Council Area

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2017

92
Urban Development Authority

(b). Significance & Magnitude Chapter 03

Need of the
The Trend of High-Rise Developments in the city of Colombo Development Plan

Construction of multi storey and high-rise buildings in the city ⸺

of Colombo from 1999 to 2006 is given in Table 3.2. Accordingly,
no gradual increase in the number of buildings constructed I den ti fi cation of
during that period can be observed and this can be attributed P rob lems

to various external factors such as: war situation held in Sri

P rob l em s ca u s e d
Lanka, new economic policies, political changes and instability, due to C h a ng i ng
government policies etc. The following are the external factors De vel opm e nt Tre nd s
that contributed to the variance in the total number of buildings
mentioned for each year in Table 3.2.

Floors Floors Floors Floors Floors Total number

Year
4-5 6-7 8-10 11-20 over 20 of buildings

1999 86 36 4 3 - 129

2000 86 30 5 4 - 125

2001 50 29 4 1 - 84

2002 16 10 - 3 - 29

2003 57 31 16 5 1 110

2004 51 35 17 2 2 107

2005 55 65 22 3 4 149

2006 65 61 35 5 5 171

Table No. 3.2 : Construction of multi storey and high-rise buildings in Colombo city
Source : N.P. Herath, D. Jayasundera, 2007

Although the total number of buildings in the years 1999 and

2000 was taken as 129 and 125, respectively, it is possible to iden-
tify a decline in the building construction industry in 2001 and
2002. This is due to the fact that Sri Lanka's economic growth
rate was negative due to the change in the political regime in
the country and war environment in late 2001, creating a more
insecure environment for new investment opportunities in the
country. However, due to the peace process that lasted from
2002 to 2004, there was a high demand for new investment in a
safe and peaceful environment. This trend is shown as a gradual
growth up to 2006.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 Further comparing the number of floors in multi-storey and

Need of the high-rise buildings in the city of Colombo as shown in Table 3.2,
Development Plan
the number of buildings between 4-5 floors and over 6 floors in
1999 was 67% and 33% respectively, as of 2006 The total number
⸺ of buildings with 6 floors or more has changed to 62% and
between 4-5 floors to 38%. From 2005 to 2017, the Condominium
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Management Authority approved 1115 condominium build-
Pro bl e m s
ings, of which 28% were more than 15 units and 72% were less
P robl ems cau s ed than 15 units.
du e to C hang ing
D e v e l op ment Tre nd s

No. of Annually Approved Condominiums (2005–2017)

150

120

90

60

30

0
05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20
No. of Approved Condominiums

Figure No. 3.4 : Number of Condominium Buildings Approved by the Condominium

Management Authority in Colombo and Suburbs, 2005–2017
Source : Condominium Management Authority, 2017

The highest number of approved condominium buildings per

annum in Colombo and suburbs can be found from Wellwatta
which is the vicinity of South Colombo. Also, a large number of
buildings can be identified in Colombo Central such as Colpetty,
Beira Lake area and Colombo North such as, Colombo - 9 and
Colombo - 13 areas (Figure 3.5).

94
Urban Development Authority

No. of Approved Condominiums within City of Colombo Chapter 03

Need of the
1350 Development Plan

1200
⸺
1050

900
I den ti fi cation of
P rob lems
750
P rob l em s ca u s e d
600
due to C h a ng i ng
De vel opm e nt Tre nd s
450

300

150

0
02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

12

13

14

15
bo

bo

bo

bo

bo

bo

bo

bo

bo

bo

bo

bo
lom

lom

lom

lom

lom

lom

lom

lom

lom

lom

lom

lom
Co

Co

Co

Co

Co

Co

Co

Co

Co

Co

Co

Co
No. of Approved Condominiums

Figure No. 3.5 : Number of approved condominium buildings per annum in Colombo and
suburbs | Source : Condominium Management Authority, 2017

Figure No. 3.6 : Distribution of multi storied buildings around Wellawatte area
Source : C. Jayasinghe, 2018

95
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 (c). Issues due to High Density Development in the City

Need of the
Development Plan
I. Inadequate Capacity of Existing Wastewater Management System

⸺ The existing sewage and wastewater treatment system in the

Colombo Municipal Council area does not have sufficient
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
capacity to systematically treat and dispose of the wastewater
Pro bl e m s
generated daily. Furthermore, due to the high demand for multi-
P robl ems cau s ed storey developments in the city of Colombo, the capacity of the
du e to C hang ing existing wastewater treatment system will not be sufficient to
D e v e l op ment Tre nd s discharge the wastewater generated by such developments in
the future.

Further, it is estimated that urban

development projects to be imple-
mented in large scale in the city of
Colombo such as the Colombo Port
City Project, the Beira Lake Regen-
eration Project and the Marine City
Project will generate 30,000 m 3,
70,000 m 3 and 120,000 m 3 of waste-
water per day respectively. Imple-
mentation of these projects are
expected to development of large-
scale high-rise and condominium
buildings with the participation
of the private sector, which will
require the wastewater manage-
ment system to bear a high waste-
water flow.

It has also been observed that in

the management of condominium
buildings, piping is done in connec-
tion with the existing sewerage
system at the expense of the devel-

Figure No. 3.7 : Areas covered by the Existing

Sewage and Wastewater System in the City of
Colombo | Source : Uban Development Authority

96
Urban Development Authority

oper, but the main system is damaged due to irregular piping. Chapter 03
Furthermore, Mattakkuliya, Dematagoda, Narahenpita and Need of the
Development Plan
Kirulapone areas in the city of Colombo are not covered by the
existing wastewater management system as shown in Figure 3.7.
However, upgrading the wastewater management system will be ⸺
essential as there is a high demand for the current multi-storey
I den ti fi cation of
constructions, especially in the Colombo North, Dematagoda
P rob lems
and Narahenpita areas.
P rob l em s ca u s e d
II. Shortage in Pipe-borne Water Supply and Electricity Supply due to C h a ng i ng
De vel opm e nt Tre nd s

Although the capacity of the existing system is sufficient to meet

the existing water and electricity demand in the design area,
the Ceylon Electricity Board and the National Water Supply and
Drainage Board are of the view that :projects should be imple-
mented to install substations for distribution of electricity and
piped water to enhance the capacity of the systems locally to
continue to facilitate the growing high-density development.

3.2.1.2. Challenges in controlling Future Development Trends

through Planning and Building Regulations prepared based sole-
ly on Land use Pattern

The City of Colombo Development Plan (Amendment) - 2008

(Figure 3.8) is the current planning and building regulation
applied within the Colombo Municipal Council Area. Under this
development plan, 08 development zones have been identified
based on the land use of the area and the approved uses in each
relevant zone have been determined according to the desired
characteristics of each development zone. However, the current
development trends have challenged these zoning regulations,
which have had to be amended on several occasions.

97
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Example 1- Existing Requests for Change of Use in the

Special Primary Residential Zone

Figure No. 3.8 : Colombo City Development Plan 2008 (Amendment)

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

98
Urban Development Authority

(a). Context Chapter 03

Need of the
Special regulations have been introduced covering the Colombo Development Plan
07 (Cinnamon Gardens area) for the purpose of conserving
the basic residential feature of "garden concept" at the Special ⸺
Primary Residential Zone. The maximum number of floors
provided in this zone is only 05 when the access road width is I den ti fi cation of
9 m. It should also be subject to a minimum land extent of 500 P rob lems
sq.m and a maximum plot coverage is 65%. The maximum plot
P rob l em s ca u s e d
coverage for the sites of 2500 sq.m or more is regulated as 50%. due to C h a ng i ng
Further, the permissible uses in this zone is defined for the De vel opm e nt Tre nd s
purpose of promoting residential preferred uses and its compat-
ible uses.

In addition, the only option for developers wishing to change

residential use for commercial purposes is to apply for a ‘Change
of Use Permit’ issued by the Urban Development Authority.
However, this permit is valid for a period of one year and needs
to be renewed annually.

(b). Significance and Magnitude

A survey conducted by the Urban Development Authority in

2012 revealed that as of 2012, there were 394 unauthorized busi-
ness entities in the Special Primary Residential Zone. It has
been observed that, most of these unauthorized businesses are
located at Rosmead Place, Flower Road, Horton Place, Grego-
ry's Road, and Barnes Place, with buildings 27, 27, 24, 20, and
18, respectively. The majority of these unauthorized commercial
establishments are private offices, among other uses being food
stalls, lodging and retail establishments.

(c). Problems

Such a change in use within the Special Primary Residential

Zone makes it difficult to maintain the high green density garden
features that are considered to be the heritage of the Colombo
Municipal Council area. In addition, the traffic generated by the
changes in usage causes heavy traffic congestion on the roads of
the area, which will have a negative environmental impact such
as noise pollution and air pollution.

99
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 Accordingly, after considering the development requests and

Need of the development trends made in the last few years, the boundaries
Development Plan of the Special Primary Residential Zone have been changed on
several occasions.
⸺
For examples;
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Pro bl e m s • In March 2014, the area bordered by D.S. Senanayake Mawatha,
Dudley Senanayake Mawatha and Bauddhaloka Mawatha, which
P robl ems cau s ed belonged to the Special Mixed Residential Zone was changed to Mixed
du e to C hang ing Development Zone.
D e v e l op ment Tre nd s

• In March 2014, surrounding area of Ananda Coomaraswamy Mawatha,

Col. T. G. Jayawardena Mawatha, Flower Terrace Road, Sir Ernest de
Silva Mawatha and Marcus Fernando Mawatha was changed from
Special Primary Residential Zone to Mixed Development Zone.

Example II - Demand for Commercial Uses along either side of roads irrespec-
tive of permitted uses of zone

(a). Context

In determining zoning boundaries, the traditional approach

is to use an existing road as a physical boundary. As a result,
development occurs with distinct features as both sides of the
road belong to two different zones. Therefore, in some instances,
developers have challenged the zoning regulations by failing to
develop their plots in line with the plots on the other side of the
road.

(b). Significance and Magnitude

Due to such challenges, the zoning boundaries have been revised

several times as follows.

• June 2013 - Change the zoning of the first plot facing D.S Senanayake
Mawatha (from Dudley Senanayake Mawatha to Cemetery Junction)
and Bauddhaloka Mawatha (Cemetery Junction to Dudley Senanayake
Mawatha) from Special Mixed Residential Zone to Mixed Development
Zone.

• December 2015 - Change the zoning of the first plot of land on the east
and west side of Leyards Road from Special Primary Residential Zone to
a Mixed Development Zone.

100
Urban Development Authority

In addition to that, it has been identified that the following regu- Chapter 03
lations need to be amended considering the current demand in Need of the
Development Plan
the city of Colombo.

• Change the zoning on both sides of the Baseline Road from the Primary ⸺
Residential Zone to the Mixed Development Zone.
I den ti fi cation of
• Change the zoning on both sides of Thalakotuwa Garden Road from P rob lems
Primary Residential Zone to Mixed Development Zone.
P rob l em s ca u s e d
• Change the zoning of the first land lot on both sides of the Thimbiri- due to C h a ng i ng
gasyaya Road from Primary Residential Zone and Special Primary De vel opm e nt Tre nd s
Residential Zone to Commercial Zone.

• Change the zoning on both sides of Havelock Road from a Special

Mixed Residential Zone to a Commercial Zone or to include commercial S ocia l , Eco no mi c
uses within the Special Mixed Residential Zone Permitted Uses. a n d E n viro nme nta l
P rob l em s . . .

3.2.2. Social, Economic and Environmental Problems

due to the expansion of Underserved Settlements

(a). Context

After the Second World War in the 1950s, with the expansion
of the export trade associated with the rubber export industry,
slums and row houses began to scatter in the city of Colombo.
Thus, as the congestion increased in the city, the elite who lived
in the city migrated to more affluent residential areas in the
suburbs outside the city. The elites in northern and central parts
of the city of Colombo, provided housing units built on large
tracts of land to workers in port and warehousing factories on a
very low rent basis or without rent.

Later, new members who joined the extended families of these

workers also settled illegally adding parts to these houses,
leading to further increasing the number of slums in the city. In
addition to that, the increase in the number of people migrating
to the city during the 1950s led to an overdemand of housing,
which in turn led to higher housing prices in the city. As a result
due to unbearable cost of housing low-income families began
to expand their accommodation on government lands such as
railway reserves,Canals and Kelani river reservation in the city
using temporarily materials.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 Shanties
Need of the
Development Plan

Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Pro bl e m s

S o cial , Economic
a n d E nvironme ntal
P robl e ms ...

Figure No. 3.9 : Shanties sprawled in the lowland areas of Colombo city
Source : C. Jayasinghe, 2018

Shanties are groups of small, single-unit intertwined structures

built on vacant lots in the city using temporary raw materials.
These houses are built illegally on government or private lands
and often do not have proper water supply, sanitation or elec-
tricity supply. These settlements are commonly referred to as
places where people living in higher poverty line compared to
"slums" or "row houses".

Slums

Slums refer to rented

houses built for workers
who migrated to the city
in the 1930s. But people
who live in these houses
refuse to call their houses
slums or low-income hou-
ses, and in common usage
Figure No. 3.10 : Slums spread along the river hence, usually called as
banks of Colombo city
Source : C. Jayasinghe, 2018
"row houses".

102
Urban Development Authority

‘Watte’ Chapter 03
Need of the
This is a term commonly used to refer to both shanty and slums Development Plan
settlements in the city. Captain Watte, Aliwatta, 65 Watte, Dabare
Watte etc. can be identified as examples for the spread of shanty ⸺
and slums settlements in the city of Colombo.
I den ti fi cation of
P rob lems
Underserved Settlements

S ocia l , Eco no mi c
In Sri Lanka, the term ‘Underserved Settlements’ has been used a n d E n viro nme nta l
to refer shanties and slums over the past few decades. However, P rob l em s . . .
although there is no universal definition for low-income settle-
ments, the term ‘Underserved Settlements’ is used to define a
community who reside in an area that lacks one or more of the
following requirements.

I. Access to basic services such as clean water, Sanitary facilities,

transportation and communication services.,
II. Security for land ownership
III. Structural quality and durability of housing
IV. Systematic accommodating in dwellings

(b). Significance and Magnitude

According to a survey conducted by Real Estate Exchange (Pvt)

Ltd (REEL) in 1998/99, the number of underserved settlements
in the city of Colombo was estimated as 1,506. This number
was recorded as 1,615 according to Sevanatha Urban Resource
Center’s survey in 2001.

According to the 1998/99 survey, it was reported that the number

of underserved housing units was 66,324 and with the survey by
the Sevanatha Urban Resource Center in 2001 identifying 53,659
(77,532 households) and a total population of 336,000, which was
then 50% of the population of Colombo.

Furthermore, as per a survey conducted by the Urban Develop-

ment Authority in 2011, these figures were recorded as 68,812
households and 1499 settlements. According to this survey, the
population living in these underserved settlements accounted
for 53% of the total population of the city of Colombo.

103
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 According to the above survey, it has been identified that under-
Need of the served settlements within the Colombo Municipal Council area
Development Plan
are more concentrated in the Colombo North area (Figure 3.11).
It has also been revealed that 9% of the Colombo Municipal
⸺ Council area which is 600 acres approximately, is covered by
underserved settlements.
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Pro bl e m s

S o cial , Economic
a n d E nvironme ntal
P robl e ms ...

Figure No. 3.11 : Distribution of Underserved Settlements in the city of Colombo

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2011

104
Urban Development Authority

As reported by a survey conducted by the Sevanatha Urban Chapter 03

Resource Center in 2012, underserved settlements in the city of Need of the
Development Plan
Colombo are classified as follows according to the number of
housing units.
⸺

I den ti fi cation of
• Less than 10 housing units -22%
• Between 11-20 housing units - 32%
P rob lems
• Between 21 - 60 housing units - 30%
S ocia l , Eco no mi c
• Between 60 - 100 housing units - 11%
a n d E n viro nme nta l
• More than 100 housing units - 5%
P rob l em s . . .

As for the above survey, 43% of people living in underserved

housing has obtained freehold ownership for their property and
the remaining 57% do not possess a secured ownership. Never-
theless, 23% of the residents have from time to time been issued
user permits (enumerator cards) that grant temporary rights for
the title of the land they occupy.

(c). Negative Impact due to the Existence of

Under Privilaged Settlements

According to a survey conducted by Sevanatha Urban Resource

Center in 2012, 45% of low-income housing in the city of
Colombo has been constructed using temporary materials and
the remaining 55% has been constructed using permanent
materials.

However, although underserved housing is built using permanent

materials, most housing units have limited space and absence
of public amenities such as piped water, electricity, sanitary
facilities, sewage and wastewater disposal systems, stormwater
drainage, proper access roads, open areas and community halls.

105
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 Problems related to Sanitary Facilities

Need of the
Development Plan 8% of the total settlements in the city of Colombo do not have
sanitary facilities and 41% have been provided public toilet
⸺ facilities. Furthermore, although about 50% of the settlements
are connected to the city's sewage system, but for 28% of the
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f settlements, sewage is a critical problem.
Pro bl e m s

Problems related to Piped Water Facilities

S o cial , Economic
a n d E nvironme ntal
P robl e ms ... 33% of underserved settlements do not have a separate metered
piped water supply, so water is obtained from a public pipe-
line or other source. Furthermore, it has been identified that
8% of underserved settlements do not have access to safe
drinking water.

Problems caused by insufficient space

Figure No. 3.12 : People living in underserved housing without adequate facilities
Source : Pushpika, 2016

Most of the existing housing units in underserved settlements do

not have adequate space. In most cases, there are 2-5 families in
each of these housing units.

Therefore, having several families living together in this limited

space makes it very difficult for them to maintain privacy and
sex life, and it can have a severe negative impact on the mental

106
Urban Development Authority

development of young children. Also, lack of space for commu- Chapter 03

nity gatherings are a barrier to entertaining activities and Need of the
Development Plan
doing social events such as funerals and weddings are very
problematic.
⸺
High Probability of Diseases spreading among Communitites living in
I den ti fi cation of
Underseved Settlements
P rob lems

The main reasons for the deteriorating health of the residents S ocia l , Eco no mi c
in these settlements are illegal dumping of solid waste, lack a n d E n viro nme nta l
of adequate sanitary facilities, high population density, very P rob l em s . . .

close-proximity of housing structures and inadequate ventila-

tion and space in housing units can be identified.

Further, mosquitoes breed in the water bodies around the settle-

ments, which spreads dengue, elephantiasis and other diseases
rapidly.

Also, Covid-19, which started in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China

on December 31, 2019, developed to a pandemic and spread
rapidly around the world, and on January 30, 2020, the World
Health Organization declared it a public health emergency.

Figure No. 3.13 : An event where Sri Lanka Health Officers obtaining samples from the public
to test for Covid disease in the city of Colombo | Source : worldbank.org

107
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 In the face of this pandemic infected clusters of the disease were
Need of the been reported in several places in Sri Lanka on several occasions.
Development Plan
Out of these, rapidly spreading infected clusters were reported in
the underserved settlements in the city of Colombo. For example,
⸺ areas such as, Keselwatta, Nawam Mawatha, Bandaranayaka
Mawatha, Dematagoda could be noted.
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Pro bl e m s
Accordingly, the major challenges in controlling the spread of
S o cial , Economic the pandemic associated with underserved settlements are the
a n d E nvironme ntal lack of basic facilities such as sanitary facilities, drinking water
P robl e ms ... and ventilation in small housing units, and the difficulty in
maintaining social distance.

That is, the spread of pandemic takes place rapidly with the
pattern of socialization in densely populated areas as residents
maintain close social ties with neighboring residents and public
gatherings taking place due to insufficient space in houses.

Relatively High Occurence in Illegal Activities in Underserved

Settlements and Surrounding Areas.

The main reasons for the occu-

rance in illegal activities in under-
served settlement areas could be
noted the relatively high level of
poverty among the population, low
level of education, and the high
prevalence of alcohol and drug
addiction.

Drug and alcohol addiction is the

cause of many social problems,
for example marital instability,
domestic violence, domestic strife,
and loss of livelihood.

Also, according to a study conducted

by the World Bank and the United

Figure No. 3.14 : Spatial distribution of reported

crime scenes in Colombo city limits | Source : Sri
Lanka Police Crime Report, 2018

108
Urban Development Authority

Nations in 2012, family members in underserved settlements in Chapter 03

the city of Colombo are addicted to alcohol, creating an unsafe Need of the
Development Plan
environment for their family as well as the external society.

These settlements are associated with a spatial arrangement ⸺

with limited enclosures and narrow access roads, especially
I den ti fi cation of
those that facilitate the conduct of illegal and anti-social activ-
P rob lems
ities. According to the 2018 Sri Lanka Police Crime Report, the
spatial distribution of crime reported within the Colombo city S ocia l , Eco no mi c
limits is shown in Figure 3.14, which makes it clear that most a n d E n viro nme nta l
of these incidents are reported from areas where underserved P rob l em s . . .
settlements are scattered. Thus, the prevailing trend towards
illegal and anti-social activities is having a negative impact on
the image of those areas, which is discouraging future develop-
ment and investment opportunities.

(d). Negative Environmental Impacts caused by the existence of

Underserved Settlements

Pollution of Waterbodies connected with

Underserved Settlements

Since the majority of these under-

served settlements are located
close to canals, rivers, and coastal
reserves, (Figure 3.15) these settle-
ments discharge wastewater,
sewage, and solid waste directly
into waterbodies leading to pollu-
tion of internal water sources.

“The Wetland Management Stra-

tegy, Colombo Capital Develop-
ment Project 2016” identified that
98% of the water sources in the city
of Colombo as polluted.

Figure No. 3.15 : Distribution of Underserved

Settlements associated with water sources in the
Colombo Municipal Council area | Source : Uban
Development Authority, 2018

109
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 Also, according to this project, the water quality of the water
Need of the sources around the city of Colombo is shown in Figure 3.16 and
Development Plan
it can be identified that there is a direct connection between
the location of the underserved settlements and the pollution of
⸺ water sources.

Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Pro bl e m s

S o cial , Economic
a n d E nvironme ntal
P robl e ms ...

Figure No. 3.16 : Water quality of water sources in the city of Colombo
Source : Greater Colombo Urban Development Project, 2016

Occurrence of Floods due to blockage of Natural Drainage Systems by

Unauthorized Constructions

Underserved settlements are often exposed to flooding sponta-

neously due to their location in low-lying or flood-prone areas.
According to a survey conducted by Sevanatha Urban Resource
Center in 2012 it was identified that, 31% of underserved settle-
ments are located in high-risk areas for flooding and 83% of the
existing internal roads in those settlements lack proper drainage
system leading to flash floods.

110
Urban Development Authority

Chapter 03
Need of the
Development Plan

I den ti fi cation of
P rob lems

S ocia l , Eco no mi c
a n d E n viro nme nta l
P rob l em s . . .

Figure No. 3.17 : A flashflood situation in the underserved settlements around Colombo City
Source : Wedage, 2016

Degradation of City Attractiveness due to Underserved Settlements

Figure No. 3.18 : Degradation of City Attractiveness due to scattering of Underserved

Settlements | Source : Yatawara, 2014

Underserved settlements which are constructed haphazardly

by using temporary materials create a pessimistic atmosphere
about the city and also have a negative impact on the image of
the city of Colombo as an international financial city. It also
reduces the value of lands in the area and discourages modern
development and investment potential.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 (e). Negative Economic Impacts due to prevalence of

Need of the Underserved Settlements
Development Plan

Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Pro bl e m s

S o cial , Economic
a n d E nvironme ntal
P robl e ms ...

Figure No. 3.19 : Land Value in Colombo city

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Most underserved settlements are located in strategic locations

in the city, due to which it can be observed that the value of land
in the area is relatively low. For example, although the value of
land around Colombo South is around 8-10 million per perch, it
can be identified that, in the Colombo North Area, where under-
served settlements are more prevalent, that figure drops to 6
million. Accordingly, it is clear that there is a large disparity in
land value in underserved settlement areas compared to other
areas (Figure 3.19).

112
Urban Development Authority

3.2.3. Public Inconvenience and Economic Loss due to Chapter 03

Need of the
Traffic Congestion on Major Arterials during Peak Hours Development Plan

(a). Context
⸺

Traffic congestion on roads in and around Colombo Area during I den ti fi cation of
peak hours has been one of the most discussed issue in Colombo, P rob lems
Sri Lanka during the past decade. Due to heavy traffic conges-
tion, space, time and human resources cannot be contributed to P ubl ic In co nv e ni e nce
the development of the city properly and effectively. a n d Econ o mi c Lo s s d u e
to Tra f f ic C o nge sti o n. . .

According to the CoMTrans study done in 2014, the peak hours

of the day have been identified as morning hours, 7.00 am to
8.00 am, afternoon hours, 1.00 pm to 3.00 pm and evening hours,
5.00 pm to 7.00 pm. As for this, the reasons for the occurrence
of traffic during peak hours could be trips from home to work
and from home to school in morning peak hours, from school
to home and from work to home in afternoon and evening peak
hours, respectively (Figure 3.20).

Due to the large number of schools falling under the category,

popular are situated in the Colombo Municipal Council area,
a large number of students travel daily from other cities
around Colombo for education purposes. Such trips are also a
major cause of heavy traffic during the morning and afternoon
peak hours.

Figure No. 3.20 : Number of daily trips during peak hours in the city of Colombo
Source : ComTrans Urban Transport Planning, 2014

113
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 Accordingly, the ratio of the trips made during peak hours to the
Need of the total number of daily trips as a percentage is 24%, 19% and 12%
Development Plan
respectively (Figure 3.20). It has also been revealed that most of
the trips during these peak hours are recorded by buses.
⸺
Accordingly, there is a high percentage of trips during the
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
morning and afternoon hours compared to the evening peak
Pro bl e m s
hours. The reason for this can be the daily migration of a large
P u b l i c Inconve nie nce number of students from other cities around Colombo for
a n d Eco nomic Los s d u e educational activities as there are more popular schools in the
to Tra ffi c C onge stion... Colombo Municipal Council Area. (Figure No. 3.21)

Figure No. 3.21 : Traffic flow along the Seven Main Corridors to the City of Colombo
Source : ComTrans Urban Transport Planning, 2014

114
Urban Development Authority

It is estimated that around 498,000 vehicles enter Colombo City Chapter 03

daily through the seven corridors Peliyagoda, Kelaniya, Dema- Need of the
Development Plan
tagoda, Borella, Nugegoda, Pamankada and Bambalapitiya as
outlined in the road network of above. Also, as shown in Figure
3.21 above, due to the highest number of vehicles of around ⸺
110,000 daily arriving in Borella through the Malabe Corridor,
I den ti fi cation of
there is heavy traffic congestion in the area during peak hours.
P rob lems

According to the CoMTrans study, it has been estimated that P ubl ic In co nv e ni e nce
705,000 daily commutes end in city of Colombo. It has also been a n d Econ o mi c Lo s s d u e
found that about 20% of these trips which accounts for 140,000 to Tra f f ic C o nge sti o n. . .
trips approximately, take place within an hour of the morning
peak hours.

According to the CoMTrans Survey conducted in 2013, the

number of trips using private vehicles is around 36% and the
number of trips using public transport is about 63%.

However, due to the high usage rate of private vehicles compared

to public transport during peak hours, private vehicles directly
contribute to traffic congestion during peak hours in the city of
Colombo. (Table 3.3)

Mode of
Transport Private Public NMT Total
Daily Trips

Daily Trips (‘000 trips / day) 256 443 6 705

Trips during Peak Hours 61 81 2 145

(07: 00-08: 00) (‘000 travel / day)

Peak Hour Ratio 24% 18% 36% 20%

Table No. 3.3 : Travel Times by Mode of Transport

Source : ComTrans Urban Transport Planning, 2014

When the bus trips concentrating the city of Colombo during the
morning peak hours are considered, Pettah area is recorded as
the highest number of trips around Colombo and if the corri-
dors are considered, the highest number of buses are recorded
through the Kandy-Galle corridor.

115
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 Reasons for Heavy Traffic Congestion during Peak Hours:

Need of the
Development Plan I. Rapid increase in vehicle volume

⸺ During the last decade in Sri Lanka, with the relative increase
in household income, a sharp increase in the purchase of cars,
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f motorcycles and three wheelers was noticed with the increase of
Pro bl e m s the number of private vehicles.
P u b l i c Inconve nie nce
a n d Eco nomic Los s d u e According to the CoMTrans Urban Transport Plan 2014, the
to Tra ffi c C onge stion... average annual growth rate of registration of vehicles in the
Western Province is 8.5%, and it is clear that, it is a relatively
very high value compared to the annual population growth of
0.07%. Furthermore, the car-to-person ratio doubled from 2.0 in
2002 to 4.2 in 2012. Another notable factor is that the number of
registered three-wheelers in the Western Province has increased
3.5 times in the last 10 years.

Such increase in the number of private vehicles can be seen

to have a direct impact on the heavy traffic congestion in the
Colombo city and surrounding areas (Figure 3.22). Heavy traffic
congestion is seen in due to the increase in vehicles on the roads
with the increase in private modes of transport.

2000
2001
2002 Motor Cars
2003 Three Wheelers
2004
Motor Cycles
2005
2006 Buses
2007 Dual Purpose
2008 Vehicles
2009 Heavy Vehicle
2010
Others
2011
2012
0

0
00

00

00

00

00

00

00
0,

0,

0,

0,

0,

0,

0,
20

40

60

80

00

20

40
1,

1,

1,

Figure No. 3.22 : Number of vehicles registered in the Western Province

Source : ComTrans Urban Transport Planning, 2014

116
Urban Development Authority

As shown in Figure 3.23, 62% of the commuters entering Chapter 03

Colombo daily use small and large buses which is 6% of the total Need of the
Development Plan
percentage of vehicles and 38% of the commuters use private
modes of transport (cars, tricycles, motorcycles and supplies)
which is 94% of the total percentage of vehicles. ⸺

I den ti fi cation of
P rob lems

Passenger & Vehicle Share

P ubl ic In co nv e ni e nce
a n d Econ o mi c Lo s s d u e
Mini & Large Bus Car Three Wheeler to Tra f f ic C o nge sti o n. . .
Motor Cycle Utility

62% 38%

Passenger
Share

6% 94%

Vehicle
Share

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Figure No. 3.23 : Percentage of Commuters and Vehicles arriving in Colombo

Source : ComTrans Urban Transport Planning, 2014

Problems of Configuration of the Existing Road Network

When analyzing the configuration of the existing road network,

it indicates that there is a high level of interconnection, that is,
high traffic congestion on the road sections marked in red on the
map on the left can be identified by analysing the road sections
marked on the map on the right. Road density in the Colombo
Municipal Council area is 10.7% of the total administrative area,
while in other areas outside the city it is found to be 4% to 6%.
(Figure 3.24).

117
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03
Need of the
Development Plan

Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Pro bl e m s

P u b l i c Inconve nie nce

a n d Eco nomic Los s d u e
to Tra ffi c C onge stion...

Figure No. 3.24 : Interconnection of roads in Colombo city

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Further, when other international cities in the world are taken

into consideration, the road densities of Shanghai, Seoul and
London are 12%, 13%, and 12%, respectively. Accordingly, it can
be said that the road density in the city of Colombo is at a satis-
factory level.

Although the road density is at a satisfactory level, it has been

found that the service levels of the existing roads have been
exceeded due to the increase in the annual number of vehicles.
Especially according to the CoMTrans Transport Study 2014,
when the carrying capacity of the seven main corridors entering
the city of Colombo (Table 3.4) are considered, it has been iden-
tified that the service levels in Kandy, Malabe, Low Level and
Galle Road corridors have already been exceeded.

118
Urban Development Authority

Chapter 03
Peak-hour Hourly
Corridor Road Traffic Capacity Gap Need of the
(PCU) (PCU) Development Plan
Malabe Road 5100 4400 -700

Kandy Road 4400 3300 -1100

⸺

Negambo Road 4000 4400 +400

I den ti fi cation of
Galle Road 2900 2300 -600 P rob lems

Low Level Road/ Old Road 2900 2200 -700

P ubl ic In co nv e ni e nce
Horana Road 2200 2300 +100 a n d Econ o mi c Lo s s d u e
to Tra f f ic C o nge sti o n. . .
High Level Road/ New Road 2000 2300 +300

Table No. 3.4 : Capacities of the Seven Main Corridors entering the city of Colombo
Source : ComTrans Urban Transport Planning, 2014

Problems related to the Existing Inter and Intra-city Public Transportation

Although there are bus transport service and railway transport

service as public transport in Colombo, it is difficult to maintain
a smooth transit between those two modes of transport as well as
between public transport and private transport as for the lack of
proper inter-communication.

Also, when the railway transport service is considered, the

average running speed of the trains is about 30km/h, hence,
its efficiency has reduced and also the quality of the passenger
transport service by train lies at a very poor level. That is, most
trains, except the upper-class compartments, are not air-condi-
tioned, and the compartments are overcrowded.

The average speed of buses in the city of Colombo is taken into

consideration, it takes a value of 20-40 km per hour. The main
reason for this is that the speed of the bus is determined based on
the mode of private transport as it has to use the road combined
with the modes of private transport. Also, stopping at bus stops
causes a very low average speed of other modes of transport.

Further, due to the existing Pettah-based bus network in

Colombo, there are around 8,000 bus trips to and from Colombo
Pettah and Fort. Also, since the bus transport network is of a
radial pattern, it is impossible for commuters traveling through
a different corridor to reach their destinations bypassing Pettah
and Fort areas.

119
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 (b). Significance and Magnitude

Need of the
Development Plan If the average speed of traffic on a section of road is about 20
km/h or less, they are identified as congested areas. Accordingly,
⸺ it has been identified that the average speed of traffic in different
parts of the city of Colombo during the above three peak hours
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f varies as follows.
Pro bl e m s

P u b l i c Inconve nie nce

Average Traffic Speed during the Morning Peak Hour (0700 h – 0800 h)
a n d Eco nomic Los s d u e
to Tra ffi c C onge stion... • Maradana Roundabout and Town Hall Junction are considered as the
most congested junctions in the city.

• Traffic congestion can be observed at many intersections along the

Baseline Road and the main reason for this is that most of the radially
stretched roads cross the Baseline Road. (Figure 3.25)

Figure No. 3.25 : Average Traffic Speed

during Morning Peak-hour (0700h–0800h)
Source : ComTrans Urban Transport
Planning, 2014

120
Urban Development Authority

Average Traffic Speed during Afternoon Peak Hour (1300h – 1400h) Chapter 03
Need of the
Areas where a large number of schools are concentrated; located Development Plan
between Maradana and Borella. Areas such as P.De.S. Kularatne
Mawatha, the southbound section of Duplication Road (R.A de ⸺
Mel Mawatha), High Level Road and Armour Street are the most
congested areas during this hour. (Figure 3.26) I den ti fi cation of
P rob lems

P ubl ic In co nv e ni e nce
a n d Econ o mi c Lo s s d u e
to Tra f f ic C o nge sti o n. . .

Figure No. 3.26 : Average Traffic

Speed during Afternoon Peak-hour
(1300h–1400h) | Source : ComTrans
Urban Transport Planning, 2014

Average Traffic Speed during Evening Peak-hour (1700h – 1800h)

• Areas situated to west of the Baseline Road, many junctions and round-
abouts in the city center are congested during this time.

• Maradana Roundabout and Town Hall Junction are congested during

this hour as well.

• Compared to the morning peak hour traffic, most of the lanes on

Baseline Road are congested during this hour due to traffic moving out
of the city. (Figure 3.27)

121
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03
Need of the
Development Plan

Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Pro bl e m s

P u b l i c Inconve nie nce

a n d Eco nomic Los s d u e
to Tra ffi c C onge stion...

Figure No. 3.27 : Average Traffic

Speed during Evening Peak-hour
(1700h–1800h) | Source : ComTrans
Urban Transport Planning, 2014

(c). Major Impacts of Heavy Traffic Congestion during Peak Hours

I. Economic Impact of Heavy Traffic Congestion during Peak Hours

The cost of traffic congestion in the Western Province is esti-

mated at 20 billion rupees a year, accounting for about 2% of
annual GDP loss over the past decade (Kumarage, 2004) due
to factors such as economic damage due to wastage of time of
economically active individuals such as professionals, busi-
nessmen, local and foreign investors, economic damage due to
increased operating costs due to wastage of fuel and increased
cost of production due to wastage of time.

However, as for the information collected from the Traffic and

Road Planning Division of Colombo Municipal Council, in 2014,
the economic damage caused by traffic congestion and air pollu-
tion in the Colombo city limits is about 40 billion rupees a year,
accounting for 1.5% of the annual GDP loss.

122
Urban Development Authority

II. Environmental Impact of Heavy Traffic Congestion during Peak Hours Chapter 03
Need of the
Air Pollution Development Plan

Vehicle emissions are one of the largest sources of air pollution ⸺

in Sri Lanka, with more than 60% occurring around the city of
Colombo. Studies have shown that the density of polluting gases I den ti fi cation of

such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide P rob lems

tend to increase during peak hours.

P ubl ic In co nv e ni e nce
a n d Econ o mi c Lo s s d u e
As indicated in the CoMTrans Urban Transport Plan – 2014, to Tra f f ic C o nge sti o n. . .
according to the Air Resource Management Center data, Petrol
vehicles contribute to the release of large amounts of carbon
monoxide and hydrocarbons into the atmosphere, while diesel
engines contribute to the addition of nitrogen oxide group
gases and particulate matter to the atmosphere. Motorcycles
and three-wheelers contribute to about 90% of the hydrocar-
bons emitted by vehicles that use petrol and buses and lorries
contribute between 60% - 70% of the nitrogen oxide gases and
particles emitted by vehicles that use diesel.

The table 3.5 below shows the maximum concentration of air

pollutants reported in the city of Colombo according to meas-
ures in 2008.

Emission Maximum
CEA standard Date of measurement
factor Concentration

CO 2.86ppm 26.0 January 4, 2008

SO2 0.104ppm 0.08 January 2, 2008

NO2 0.10295ppm 0.13 November 20, 2008

PM10 146 microg/m 3 100 November 7, 2008

Table No. 3.5 : Maximum Concentrations of Air Pollutants in the city of Colombo in 2008
Source : ComTrans Urban Transport Planning, 2014

Table 3.5 shows the weekly PM2.5 values in the city of Colombo
according to the United States Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's Atmospheric Quality Index, measured by air quality moni-
tors at the United States Embassy. (PM2.5 is the concentra-
tion of small particles of 2.5 micrometers or less in the normal
atmosphere).

123
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 According to those indicators, the atmospheric condition in

Need of the Colombo is moderate. However, the atmospheric condition in
Development Plan
Colombo on Mondays is relatively low and falls into the category
of unhealthy for sensitive people. Further it also reflects the rela-
⸺ tively high volume of traffic flowing into the city on Mondays.

Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Furthermore, the above study has identified that the air quality
Pro bl e m s
in the city of Colombo is relatively low compared to developed
P u b l i c Inconve nie nce cities such as Melbourne, London, Paris and Singapore. However,
a n d Eco nomic Los s d u e the Government of Sri Lanka has recently taken the following
to Tra ffi c C onge stion... steps to overcome this situation.

a). Emission Testing Program launched in the year 2008

b). Suspension of import of three wheelers which have a high impact on
air pollution. (Two–stroke)
c). Introduction of low sulfur diesel variants in the year 2003.

III. Social Impact of Heavy Traffic Congestion during Peak Hours

The use of slow and uncomfortable transportation systems can

lead to long-term health risks such as depression, confusion and
frustration.

Also, having to spend a lot of time to travel to the city for employ-
ment and service needs, limits the amount of time they have to
engage in other social interactions or pursue activities for their
personal satisfaction (Kumarage, 2004).

Residents and commuters are at a higher risk of developing

respiratory-related illnesses such as asthma due to pollutants
emitted by fuel combustion in vehicles.

124
Urban Development Authority

3.2.4. Inconveniences faced by Residents and Commut- Chapter 03

Need of the
ers of Colombo due to Environmental Problems and Development Plan
Lack of Public Facilities
⸺
3.2.4.1. Problems caused by Urban Floods / Flash Floods
I den ti fi cation of
(a). Context P rob lems

In con ven ie nce s

The city's annual rainfall and rainfall pattern, natural loca- fa ced b y Re s i d e nts
tion, inland waterway system, etc., have a direct impact on the a n d C om m u te r s o f
occurrence of urban floods / flash floods in Colombo. The city C ol om bo. . .
of Colombo receives more than 2500 mm of rainfall annually
as it belongs to Sri Lanka’s wet zone and 55% of that rainfall is
monsoon.

As the city of Colombo is located along the plains of the Kelani

River, it is naturally at high risk of river floods. As the Kelani
River originates in the central hills, there is a possibility of flash
floods in the Kelani River area in Colombo due to the heavy rain-
fall over the southwest and northeast monsoons in those upper
catchment areas.

For example, during the monsoon season, if the upper river

basins receive 50 mm – 100 mm of rainfall per day for one day
or two consecutive days, roads in Colombo have to face severe
flooding. Also, during the rainy season, water retention and
drainage do not occur systematically due to the release of solid
waste into the waterways, blocking the natural waterways.

Colombo Municiple Council area also has got to face frequent

flash floods since, 60% of the existing drainage system does not
systematically drain water.

(b). Significance and Magnitude

Over the past decade, surveys and studies have been conducted
by various public and private sector institutions as well as
educational and professional organizations to assess the risk of
flooding in the Greater Colombo Basin and its sub-basins. Those
studies have identified that, increased rainfall intensity as well
as the gradual increase in population in low-lying and associated
flood-prone areas have caused the increase in risk of flooding.

125
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 The Greater Colombo Urban Development Project has analyzed

Need of the the period between 10 and 50 years of flood recurrence for an
Development Plan
in-depth comparison of the flood conditions associated with the
Greater Colombo area in 2017. According to that study, when
⸺ the period between flood recurrence in the Greater Colombo is
compared, the left bank of the Kelani River, both sides of the
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
St. Sebastian's Canal and the Dematagoda and Kinda Canal
Pro bl e m s
adjoining areas have been identified as high flood prone areas.
I n conveniences
fa ced by Re s id ents The scale of the Nagalagam Road River is used to check the water
a n d C ommu te rs of level of the Kelani River and the figure 3.28 shows how it varied
C ol ombo...
from 1965 to 2010. According to the scale, if the water level is
between 5.0 and 7.0 ft, minor flood occurs and major flood occurs
when the water level is more than 7.0 ft. Also, when the water
level rises above 9.0 feet, it is considered a severe flood.

10

0
65

67

68

70

72

75

77

79

81

83

85

87

89

91

92

94

96

98

00

02

04

06

08

09

10
19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

Gauge of the Kelani River at Nagalagam Road

Figure No. 3.28 : Water levels of the Kelani River (1965 to 2010)
Source : Gauge of the Kelani River at Nagalagam Road

Most severe floods affected the Colombo Municipal Council area

in the recent history in the years 2010 and 2016 are described
below and the maps indicating the depth of the floods are as in
Figure 3.29 below.

126
Urban Development Authority

I. On November 10 and 11, 2010, the Colombo District recorded the Chapter 03
worst flooding in last 18 years due to low-pressure situation in upper Need of the
atmosphere. This unfortunate situation occurred due to the rain of Development Plan
490 mm which fell in a short period of 15 hours starting from the
evening of the 10 th. ⸺

The Disaster Management Center recorded that 260,000 people were I den ti fi cation of
displaced while, 257 houses were partially damaged and 111 houses were P rob lems
completely damaged due to the floods. Accordingly, the damage caused
by this flood situation was estimated to be around US $ 100 million. In con ven ie nce s
fa ced b y Re s i d e nts
II. The floods that occurred on May 15 and 16, 2016 are considered to be the a n d C om m u te r s o f
C ol om bo. . .
worst and most devastating floods in the last 25 years, affecting 301,602
people and displacing 21,484 people in the Colombo District.

Also, according to estimates of the Disaster Management Center, 623

houses were completely damaged and another 4,414 houses were partially
damaged. Further, according to estimation done by the Government of Sri
Lanka on May 25, 2016 about 128,000 families were affected and about
30,000 families were in need of financial assistance for reconstruction and
rehabilitation.

Further, around 25,000 to 30,000 businesses in the city of Colombo were

been affected by the disaster, where many of them were small scaled
entrepreneurs such as, small shop owners, three-wheeler drivers and small
boutique owners.

Figure No. 3.29 : Flood Depth Map in 2010 and 2016, Colombo District
Source : Metro Colombo Urban Development Project, 2017

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 3.2.4.2. Inconveniences caused by Polluted Water Bodies

Need of the
Development Plan
(a). Context

⸺ The Colombo Municipal Council area is bordered by water

sources and a stretch of Kelani River for about 6 km serves as the
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
north boundary and the Kittanpahuwa Canal, Kolonnawa Canal,
Pro bl e m s
Dematagoda Canal and Heen Ela are the eastern boundaries and
I n conveniences the Kirulapona Canal and Dehiwala Canals are the southern
fa ced by Re s id ents boundaries. Also, the western boundary of the Colombo Munic-
a n d C ommu te rs of ipal Council area consists of a coastline of about 25 km in length.
C ol ombo...
Beira Lake can be identified as the largest inland wetland with
an area of 0.65 km 2. Accordingly, it has been noted that an area of
0.1001 km 2. of the Colombo Municipal Council land use area has
been covered by waterbodies.

Solid waste, sewage, wastewater, oil, grease and other contami-

nants discharged into the above surface water sources cause to
have a very low quality of the water and reduce the attractive-
ness of the water sources.

(b). Significance and Magnitude

Surface Water Pollution of the Canal Network

The observations given in Table 3.6 below are based on the

Metro Colombo Urban Development Project study conducted on
the canal network of Colombo during the period 2015/2016. The
following conclusions can be drawn by comparing the observa-
tions of the survey with reference to the Water Framework Direc-
tives (WFD) scores set by the European Union.

• About 15% of the surface water network is of low quality

• About 15% of the surface water network is of medium quality
• About 20% of the surface water network is of high quality

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Urban Development Authority

Not Enough
Good Bad Chapter 03
Data
Need of the
Development Plan
Ver y Good Moderate Ver y Bad

Total Dissolved Solid

Chlorophyll (mg per

Waste Amount-TDS
Liquid oxygen (DO)

Ammonia Content
Biological Oxygen

Chemical Oxygen
Temperature (Co)
EC value (μS/cm)

Total Phosphate
Nitrate Content
Demand - COD
Demand -BOD
Salinity (ppt)

cubic meter)
pH value

Coliform
E-Coli
Kolonnawa Canal 7.0 141.0 29.8 7.2 0.07 61.5 <5 11 <0,04 0.4 <0,07 4 49 13

Kolonnawa Canal 6.1 261.2 32.2 6.8 0.11 121.8 <5 33 <0,04 0.2 <0,07 <3 130 130

Kolonnawa Canal 6.7 168.9 29.3 7.2 0.08 75.5 <5 21 <0,04 0.4 <0,07 5 110 110

Kittampahuwa Canal 6.9 342.6 28.2 7.3 0.16 162.6 <5 35 10 0.1 0.26 3 27 11

Kittampahuwa Canal 6.8 340.5 29.3 7.3 0.15 161.6 <5 51 39 0.1 0.44 <3 22 8

Heen Ela 6.8 315.2 31.0 7.0 0.14 148.9 <5 26 5.7 <0,1 0.27 4 27 13

Dematagoda Canal 7.0 477.2 28.5 7.4 0.22 230.2 7 66 42 0.3 0.45 3 33 13

Dematagoda Canal 6.8 276.1 28.7 7.2 0.12 129.3 6 57 11 0.2 1.3 8 49 8

Kirulapone Canal 6.8 211.6 30.8 7.2 0.09 96.9 <5 14 6.85 <0.1 0.28 5 22 8

St. Sebastian's Canal 6.6 242.9 30.4 7.2 0.11 112.6 <5 32 8.3 0.3 0.77 <3 33 11

St. Sebastian's Canal 6.7 254.7 30.7 7.2 0.11 118.5 <5 29 7.75 0.2 0.72 <3 8 5

Dehiwala Canal 6.7 267.0 32.1 7.1 0.11 124.7 15 76 18 <0,1 <0,07 4 23 8

Table No. 3.6 : Physicochemical Water Quality of the Water Network in City of Colombo
(May 2015) | Source : Report 04, Physical Features -Wetland Management Strategy, Metro
Colombo Urban Development Project, 2016

Surface Water Pollution in Beira Lake

It has been identified that the main causes of water pollution

in Beira Lake are the stormwater and wastewater connectors
directed to the lake and the release of heavy metals such as Lead
and Zinc into the water source. In addition, the overall Nitrate
and Nitrogen concentrations are high in the areas around the
Floating Market, Northwest Beira Lake and East Beira Lake, and
the Iron and Magnesium concentrations in the Floating Market
area are also high.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 (c). Impacts of Polluted Water Bodies

Need of the
Development Plan It could be identified that water pollution has a considerable
negative impact on the ecosystem and society.
⸺
Impact on the Environmental System
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Pro bl e m s
It can be figureout that the water is polluted due to the increase
I n conveniences
in the demand for chemical oxygen and biological oxygen in the
fa ced by Re s id ents water sources. It can be observed that conditions such as enrich-
a n d C ommu te rs of ment have also arisen. This has a negative impact on plants,
C ol ombo... animals and microorganisms, and can also lead to the deteri-
oration of aquatic ecosystems. It also affects the reproductive
processes of organisms, limiting the biodiversity of ecosystems
and survival of organisms.

Social Impact

Reduced water flow due to

Increased Risk of spreading Diseases —
blocked solid debris in the water, creates favorable environ-
mental conditions for mosquitoes to breed. Hence, it could be
identified that there is a very high risk of dengue in areas where
there are blocked water sources.

Illegal fishing is known to be carried out in the polluted canals

in the city of Colombo. Because of the high concentration of
heavy metals in the bodies of these fish, it is deposited in the
people who consume them. Owing to this, it has been identified
that there is a risk of developing diseases such as various type of
Cancers.

Unpleasant Environmental Conditions caused by Odors and their impact on

One of the major impacts
the Image and Economic Value of the City —
of polluted water is the negative impact on the image of the
commercial capital caused by high odors. Mainly due to the
strong stench prevailing in the area around Beira Lake, it could
create an unpleasant feeling about the city of Colombo. To avoid
this situation, the Sri Lanka Land Development Corporation,
the Department of Irrigation and other institutions have taken
various measures to purify water sources and today it has been
possible to alleviate this problem to some extent.

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Urban Development Authority

3.2.4.3. Inconvenience caused due to Heat Island Effect Chapter 03

Need of the
Development Plan
(a). Context

Changes in local climatic conditions in urban areas with imper- ⸺

vious surfaces and building structures are caused by the urban
I den ti fi cation of
heat island (UHI). Urban heat island means that the relatively
P rob lems
high atmospheric temperature in urban areas due to changes in
the land cover of urban areas and the heat energy released into In con ven ie nce s
the environment by urbanization. When the vegetative cover fa ced b y Re s i d e nts
(Pervious surface) is converted to an Impervious surface such a n d C om m u te r s o f
C ol om bo. . .
as concrete or tar, its surface heat storage increases, thereby
reducing natural urban cooling. As a result, since the envi-
ronmmental temperature rises, the demand for air conditions
and fans increases, and increase energy use and latent mechan-
ical heat release to the environment. As urban areas develop,
landscapes change as open areas, watersheds and vegetation are
replaced by buildings, roads and other infrastructure.

This causes pervious and moist surfaces to become impervious

and dry surfaces, reducing water absorption and increasing
runoff. Through this, the local atmospheric temperature in
urban areas further increases.

As mentioned above, this development process leads to the crea-

tion of the formation of urban heat islands, where urban areas
tend to experience warmer temperatures compared to rural
areas.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 I. Reasons for Heat Island Effect in and around the

Need of the city of Colombo
Development Plan

Heat Island Effect is a by-result of the rapid urbanization of

⸺ Colombo. The main factors contributing to this could be iden-
tified as the rapid conversion of green cover areas into built-up
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
areas, the use of building materials with low and high heat
Pro bl e m s
absorption and reflect heat, blocking of urban ventilation
I n conveniences
through construction that obstructs the airflow.
fa ced by Re s id ents
a n d C ommu te rs of Further, the narrow streets created by the construction of side
C ol ombo... walls on either side of the street in the area are known as the
"street canyons". These canyons affect the temperature of the
city as it affects the wind speed, wind direction and surface
temperature.

Decreased Vegetation Cover due to Rapid Urbanization.

It has been observed a decline in the vegetation cover in Colombo

in the years 1995, 2005 and 2016 by the NDVI Analysis done based
on Landsat Data on urbanization in Colombo (Dissanayake,
2017). As for the study on maps prepared based on it as indi-
cated in Figure 3.30, the green density of the Colombo Municipal
Council area has gradually decreased and the urbanization of
the area is gradually expanding from the Colombo Core Area to
the outlying areas.

Figure No. 3.30 : Decreased vegetation cover from 1995 to 2016. (NDVI Analysis based on
Landsat Data 1995, 2005 and 2016) | Source : Dissanayake, 2017

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Urban Development Authority

(b). Significance and Magnitude Chapter 03

Need of the
According to the research report “Spatial Pattern of Urban Heat Development Plan
Islands in the Colombo District” conducted in 2017, the surface
temperature of the city of Colombo and its adjacent areas have ⸺
increased by 7 degrees Celsius from 1995 to 2016. Bloemandhal,
Dematagoda, Kotahena and Peliyagoda have also been identified I den ti fi cation of
P rob lems
as areas with very high heat island effect in the Colombo Muni-
ciple Council area. In con ven ie nce s
fa ced b y Re s i d e nts
It has also been identified that with the gradual increase in a n d C om m u te r s o f
building density in the coastal zone from Galle Face to Colpetty, C ol om bo. . .

Bambalapitiya from 1995 to 2016, the surface temperature of the

area has also increased.

However, it has been observed that the surface temperature of

Colombo 7, that is, the Special Primary Residential Zone, is very
low compared to other areas in the Colombo Municipal Council
area (Figure 3.31). One of the main reasons for this is the regula-
tion of building developments within the Special Primary Resi-
dential Zone to maintain the garden city concept introduced by
Sir Patrick Geddes.

Figure No. 3.31 : Land surface Temperature Variation in Colombo District

Source : Dissanayake, 2017

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03
Need of the
Development Plan

Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Pro bl e m s

I n conveniences
fa ced by Re s id ents
a n d C ommu te rs of
C ol ombo...

Figure No. 3.32 : Identified Affected Areas by Urban Heat Islands in the Colombo District based
on Landsat Data - 2016 | Source : Dissanayake, 2017

As explained above, the increasing temperature in the Colombo

Municiple Council area can have a direct impact on the mental
state of the city dwellers as well as the commuters.

Frequent exposure to high ambient temperatures can lead to

conditions such as depression, anxiety, aggression, extreme
tiredness, and muscle cramps and specially this can be very
harmful to children and adults.

Therefore, strategic interventions need to be identified to mini-

mize the heat island effect while providing the necessary facili-
ties in urban planning. Here, necessary arrangements should be
made to increase the urban green density and facilitate propoer
urban ventilation process.

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 Urban Development Authority

3.3. Identification of Development Potentials Chapter 03

Need of the
Development Plan
3.3.1. Economic Potentials
⸺
According to the 2016 Annual Report of the Central Bank of
Sri Lanka, tourism, wholesale and retail, transport and supply, I den ti fi cation of
construction, housing and real estate have been identified as Poten ti als
emerging economic sectors in the city of Colombo.
Econ om ic Po te nti a l s

The Fastest
Growing Sectors
Citiy ioflmifbDbielvyieplDnPlavfDPfDlp2i0bepl

Wholesale
& Retail
IT & Telecommunication
Tourism
Financial
Ser vices

Professional
Ser vices
be–3fD2bPflbelDnPlevDbie

Transport &
Logistics Construction

Real Estate &

Housing

Agriculture
Mining &
Electricity
The Slowest
Growing Sectors

Weak Strong

Sri Lanka's strength according to international standards

Figure No. 3.33 : Comparison of Colombo’s Position among the Fastest Growing Industries in
Sri Lanka | Source : Central Bank Report of Sri Lanka, 2016

3.3.1.1. Real Estate Market in Colombo

According to the report ‘Real Estate in Sri Lanka - Prospects and

Potentials’ by Jones Lang LaSalle in 2014, the Colombo-based
real estate market has witnessed improved activities due to the
rising service sector in Colombo, hence local and foreign inves-
tors' interest in investing in Colombo has increased.

Since, “Colombo City is an International Business Hub”, there

is a high international demand for office space in the city of
Colombo. Further, according to the Asian Development Bank's

135
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 “City Rankings of Asia on Economic Competitiveness”, Colombo,

Need of the Sri Lanka ranks first among other cities in India and Bangladesh.
Development Plan
(Table 3.7)

⸺
City Country Ranking Competitive Level
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Colombo Sri Lanka 1 International
Po te n t i a l s
Mumbai India 2 International
Eco n omic Pote ntial s
Bangalore India 3 International

New Delhi India 4 International

Chennai India 5 International

Dhaka Bangladesh 6 International

Hydrabad India 7 International

Kolkata India 8 National

Gampaha Sri Lanka 9 National

Ahmedabad India 10 National

Pune India 11 National

Surat India 12 National

Kalutara Sri Lanka 13 National

Chittagong Bangladesh 14 National

Kanpur India 15 National

Table No. 3.7 : City Competitiveness Ranking (Among 39 South Asian Cities) Competitive City
of the 21 st Century, Asian Development Bank (2011) | Source : On Point – Real Estate in Sri
Lanka – Prospects , Jones Land Lasalle - 2012

3.3.1.2. Increasing office space

It is expected that there will be a high demand for high quality

office space in future in the sectors like insurance, informa-
tion technology in the city of Colombo. According to the Jones
Lang Lasalle Real Estate Report 2014, there is nearly 2.5 million
sq. ft of rentable work space in the Colombo District and
about 5 million sq. ft available when self-owned office space is
considered.

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 03
Need of the
Development Plan

I den ti fi cation of
Poten ti als

Econ om ic Po te nti a l s

Figure No. 3.34 : Office Space at Trace Expert City, Maradana

Source : calcey.com, 2020

3.3.1.3. Growth of Retail Market in Colombo

Wholesale and retail trade in the city of Colombo is spread

over the Pettah Bazaar and is also well known for its trade in
imported goods.

From the Past, the Colombo port has been one of the busiest
ports in South Asia since Sri Lanka has been a hub on the silk
route. Accordingly, the associated areas were set up to conven-
iently facilitate the export and import of goods and the bazaars
were formed around Pettah. Today, Pettah is one of the busiest
bazaar shopping areas in the country.

Accordingly, even today, the wholesale and retail trade in the

city of Colombo is mainly spread over the Pettah Bazaar area
and is also well known for the sale of imported goods.

Apart from that, high-end commercial market has spread

concentrating Beira Lake and its adjacent areas, Galle Face, Galle
Road and Duplication Road between Colpetty and Bambalapi-
tiya. Accordingly, the increasing attraction of local and foreign
people to the high-end shopping malls recently established
in the area has been instrumental in the growth of the city's
tourism industry. Examples include "Colombo City Center", "One
Galle Face", "Marina Mall", "Crescat", "Liberty Plaza", "Odel" and
"Majestic City".

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 Furthermore, when the current real estate market behavior is

Need of the observed, it can be seen that there is an incentive for inves-
Development Plan
tors to set up mixed development projects, including shopping
malls, targeting the middle- and upper-class community in the
⸺ Colombo North area.

Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Po te n t i a l s

Eco n omic Pote ntial s

Figure No. 3.35 : One Galle Face Shopping Mall

Source : skyscrapercit y, 2020

3.3.1.4. High-Rise Residential Apartments

With the growth of the financial, tourism and Information Tech-

nology related service sectors, there was a growing demand for
residential facilities within the Colombo Municiple Council
limits and the establishment of medium and high-rise condo-
minium development for the middle- and upper-income people
gradually grew.

According to a study on “Market demand for Residential Apart-

ments” conducted by Lang LaSalle in 2015, it has been revealed
that there are five segments of residential buildings in the city
of Colombo.

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Urban Development Authority

Lower Mid-Level Segment : Chapter 03

Need of the
Projects belonging to this category are concentrated around Development Plan
Wellawatte and Colombo North areas. Many of these belong to
the improperly organized real estate sector and can be identi- ⸺
fied as developments in the range of 5 to 20 housing units and
targeting the lower- and middle-income category. I den ti fi cation of
Poten ti als

Mid-Level Segment : Econ om ic Po te nti a l s

Although the specifications and features of the units in this

category are similar to those in the Premium Segment, they
are located in the areas around Peliyagoda, Bloemandhal, and
Grandpass etc. This housing unit is valued at Rs. 10-25 million
and this segment accounts for about 26% of the total supply of
condominiums.

Premium Segment :

It is mainly located close to the Central Commercial Zone, with

a unit price range of Rs. 25-45 million. The specifications of the
houses in this category are high and the unit size is between
1250-1800 sq. ft.

Luxury Segment :

This segment includes currently operational projects with a unit

value of over Rs. 45 million. The “Emperor Project” on Galle Road
and housing belong to Premium Segment with a floor area above
1,800 sq ft falls under this segment.

Ultra-Luxury Segment :

This particular segment in the city of Colombo comes under

projects of more than Rs. 60 million per unit and with larger
floor areas. The specifications of these units are of very high
value and of high finishing. In most projects, housing units in
this segment are either penthouses or higher floor duplex units
with private terraces etc.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03
Need of the
Development Plan

Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
Po te n t i a l s

Eco n omic Pote ntial s

Figure No. 3.36 : Altair & Colombo City Centre Buildings (Mixed Development)
Source : Freepik, 2019

3.3.1.5. Tourism Industry

After the end of three decades of war in 2009, with the peaceful
situation prevailing in the country and the economic revival,
the attraction of local and foreign tourists increased and the
tourism industry in the city of Colombo grew rapidly. Simi-
larly, according to the Annual Statistics Report of the Sri Lanka
Tourism Development Authority for the year 2016, the number of
tourist arrivals to Sri Lanka has reached a new limit of 2 million
(2,050,832), an increase of 14% over the number of tourist arrivals
compared to 2015.

Furthermore, according to Table 3.8, the room capacity are

compared by each region, the room capacity of hotels in the city
of Colombo has increased gradually over the period from 2006
to 2016, it is second only to room capacity of the South Coast
hotels.

Also, there has also been a significant increase in the number

of tourist hotels in Colombo since 2010. According to the 2016
data of tourist hotels in Colombo city and adjoining areas of
the capital city, the room usage rates are 76.75% and 75.18%
respectively.

140
Urban Development Authority

Tourist Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Zone

City of Colombo 2,209 3,209 3,188 2,190 3,141 3,086 3,054 3,170 3,633 3,933 4,319

Greater Colombo 2,520 2,555 2,651 2,494 2,640 2,573 2,856 2,913 2,883 3,041 3,184

South Coast 5,112 5,505 5,370 4,940 5,099 5,037 5,660 5,868 6,717 6,787 8,437

East Cost 184 184 230 230 23 238 296 628 842 895 1,123

Central Highlands 276 734 772 928 847 940 743 838 889 1,035 1,178

Ancient Cities 2,467 2,417 2,582 2,679 2,749 2,779 2,901 3,217 3,595 3,601 3,990

Northern Region 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 51 51 107

All Regions 14,218 14,604 14,793 14,641 14,714 14,653 15,510 15,566 18,510 19,376 22,336

Table No. 3.8 : Accommodation Capacity of Tourist Hotels by Region

Source : Annual Report 2016 - Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority, 2016

The tourism industry is also one of the major economic poten-

tials in the city of Colombo and as a result, the city of Colombo
attracts a large number of local and foreign tourists, generating
a large amount of revenue. At the same time, shopping malls,
restaurants and entertainment venues spread throughout the
city of Colombo generates money from the tourism industry.

Figure No. 3.37 : Shangri-La Hotel

Source : Daily News, 2020

141
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 Therefore, this potential can be utilized to spread the bene-

Need of the fits over a large area of the city. Currently, these activities are
Development Plan
limited to the coastal areas, Colombo central commercial zone
and the Beira Lake area due to the existance of star class hotels
⸺ and other tourist attractions vicinity of the area. Apart from that,
since the city of Colombo has large natural ecosystems such as
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
rivers, canals, wetlands, etc. those can be converted into tourist
Po te n t i a l s
attractions. The potential of the existing ecosystems in the city
Eco n omic Pote ntial s of Colombo is discussed in the following chapters.

E nvironmental 3.3.2. Environmental Potentials

Pote ntial s

The main environmental potential of the city of Colombo is the

120 km long various waterfronts. Among the water fronts are the
4.2 km long Kelani River, Beira Lake with an area of 0.78 sq km,
53 km of canals and 15 km of coastline.

The Kelani River is one of the main rivers in Sri Lanka that
springs from the Sri Pada Mountain Range, flows through the
hills and finally flows the sea near the city of Colombo. Although
it is not the largest river in the island, the Kelani River is the
main source of water for the city of Colombo. About 80% of the
total water requirement of the city of Colombo is supplied by the
Kelani River.

La rge s cal e Ongoing 3.3.3. Large scale Ongoing and Proposed

and P rop os ed
P roj e cts in C ol ombo Projects in Colombo

There are a number of large-scale projects currently being

implemented and proposed by various parties in the Colombo
Commercial City related to various sectors and it is important to
look at these projects in the process of solving problems using
the potential of the city.

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Urban Development Authority

3.3.3.1. Road Development Projects Chapter 03

Need of the
Development Plan
(a). Port Access Expressway Project (PEAH) – (2018-2030)
(PEAH)-(2018-2030)
⸺
The Port Access Expressway starts from Ingurukade Junction,
I den ti fi cation of
passes through the Port Premises and ends at the Colombo Port
Poten ti als
City Entrance. This project is being implemented by the Road
Development Authority. L a rge s ca l e O ngo i ng
a n d P ropo s e d
P rojects in C o l o mb o

Figure No. 3.38 : Port Access Highway Project (2018 - 2030)

Source : Road Development Authority, 2021

(b). Rail Transportation

The Railways, one of the leading public transport modes in Sri

Lanka, transports a large number of passengers daily to the city
of Colombo. Considering the population growth pattern in the
Colombo Municipal Council area, it can be identified that a large
number of passengers travel into the city on a daily basis as
compared to the residential population. It is also expected that
the daily passenger population will increase in the future due
to other physical development activities including increasing
office space.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 03 Furthermore, although there has been a growing trend of people

Need of the using private transport over the past few years, it is expected
Development Plan
that rail transport will become more appropriate and efficient
as a mode of public transportation compared to private modes
⸺ of transport due to the high traffic congestion currently on the
roads and the consequent rising of economic costs. Accordingly,
Id e n t i f i cat i o n o f
the following projects have been identified to make the railway
Po te n t i a l s
transport efficient.
La rge s cal e Ongoing
and P rop os ed
P roj e cts in C ol ombo 1. Proposed Railway Electrification and Modernization Project
2. Proposed Colombo Metro Project

(c). Development of Port related Services and Supplies

Due to its strategic location on the international maritime

route, the Port of Colombo has become one of the internation-
ally busiest shipping hubs. The Port of Colombo is one of the
top 25 ports in the world according to the 2017 Alfitar rating,
and the construction of the International Container Terminal at
the Port of Colombo has enabled the handling of over 6 million
containers in 2017.

Port Expansion Project

The Sri Lanka Ports Authority (SLPA) has introduced the

Colombo Port Expansion Project with the objective of meeting
the growing demand for services in the international shipping
industry. As its first phase, 5.7 km long main breakwater, the 1.6
km long secondary breakwater and the 9 km long access canal
was completed in 2012.

Further, the construction work of the Colombo International

Container Terminal was completed in 2013 and operations have
already commenced. The Eastern Container Terminal will have a
1200 m long dockyard and the first phase of the 440 m long dock-
yard was completed in 2015.

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Urban Development Authority

(d). Colombo Port City Project Chapter 03

Need of the
The Sri Lanka Ports Authority, CHEC, Colombo Port City Project Development Plan
and by the collaboration of the Urban Development Authority
the Sri Lanka Ports City Project have been started and currently ⸺
project is in progress by Port City Commission. The vision of the
project is to build an international level financial city for South I den ti fi cation of
Poten ti als
Asia. Accordingly, 173 hectares out of the total 269 hectares of
land reclaimed beyond the Galle Face Green are to be offered for L a rge s ca l e O ngo i ng
investment opportunities. a n d P ropo s e d
P rojects in C o l o mb o
(e). Beira Lake Development Project

The project expects to release nearly 312 hectares of land for

development activities surrounding Beira Lake. Accordingly,
the main objective of this is to encourage the development of
Beira Lake and its adjoining waterfront areas and to promote
tourism and public recreation. Accordingly, lands that can cata-
lyze development have already been identified and guidelines
are being prepared by the Urban Development Authority. This
will enable most of the underutilized lands under development
to be used for high rise mixed development activities.

The rehabilita-
Beira Lake as a High-End Investment Attraction Location —
tion of Beira Lake has led to a significant change in land use,
therefore a sharp rise in land prices and a high level of investment
were attracted to the surrounding areas. This can be considered
as one of the important milestones in the development of the
city of Colombo, thus, investment in largescale developments
around the Beira Lake and significant urbanization around the
Beira Lake occured. By today, this trend has continued to grow,
and many high-level developments such as the Altair, Colombo
City Center (CTC) have been concentrated in this area.

(f). Maritime City Development Project

An area of about 6.2 km from Colpetty to Wellawatte on the

west coast of Sri Lanka has been identified as the project area.
It covers an area of about 216 hectares. The project, in collab-
oration with the Urban Development Authority and the Coast
Conservation and Coastal Resource Management Department,
plans to complete the development activities by 2024 and create
a long beach for public recreation.

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Chapter
04
Development
Planning
Framework

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Chapter 04
Development
4.1. Vision of the Development Plan
Planning Framework

⸺
“Aquarina: The City in
Water of South Asia”
Vi s i o n o f t h e
De ve l o pm e n t P l a n

Smart Vibrant Tropical

Water Garden City in South Asia

Vi si o n State m e n t 4.2. Vision Statement

The vision for the city of Colombo is to transform all its water-
front areas into front-yards, creating an experience of a city in
water’.

In the future, it is expected to make the city of Colombo an inter-

nationally important investment hub in South Asia in line with
its visionary vision of a ' The City emerging through water',
and provide its people a better standard of living by properly
managing the city's real estate development activities.

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Accordingly, through the Colombo Development Plan 2022–2032 Chapter 04

it has been aimed to open up all existing waterfronts in the area Development
Planning Framework
to attract new local and foreign investment opportunities. By this
plan, the efficiency of economic and social performance of the
city will be enhanced through the provision of utility services ⸺
and adequate infrastructure. Also, it will also create an efficient
Vi si on Statement
and effective transport system built in combination with various
modes of transport to ensure smooth and rapid development in
the city of Colombo. Also, the city of Colombo will maintain a
more rhythmic and unique urban space by directing develop-
ment activities that are in tune with the image of the city with
the activism and contribution of local and foreign investors.

The city will be redesigned with a variety of functional spaces that

coincide with the lifestyles of different cultures and commuters,
and will be a vibrant city as a single home for communities repre-
senting different social strata.

In order to achieve this plan in practice, it is hoped to trans-

form all waterfront areas across the city into city front yards
and conserved blue-green areas, and create an urban experience
with shady boulevards. Through these developments, the city of
Colombo will be successfully led towards the brand, "Tropical
Water Park City of South Asia".

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Chapter 04
Development
4.3. Goals of the Development Plan
Planning Framework
Three main goals have been developed to achieve the vision of
the Colombo Municipal Council Development Plan.
⸺

G oa l s o f t h e
De ve l o pm e n t P l a n First Objective :

01 The most sought Waterfront Business Environment

Experience in the world

Second Objective :

02 The revitalized internationally renowned Green

Garden City of South Asia

Third Objective :

03 The Smart, Smooth and Sensed Urban Space for

all inhabitants

Obje ct i v e s o f t h e
De ve l o pm e n t P l a n
4.4 Objectives of the Development Plan

01
First Objective :

The most sought Waterfront Business Environment

Experience in the world

Objective 1.1 :
To open up to 80% of water sources and wetlands to the general public
and development activities within the Colombo Municipal Council
limits by the year 2030.

Objective 1.2 :
To open up 3000 hectares of waterfront land for business, residen-
tial and recreational activities within the Colombo Municipal limits
by the year 2030.

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Objective 1.3 : Chapter 04

To maintain a well-connected water transport system to provide Development
transport facilities to the commuters of 30% within the Colombo Planning Framework
municipal limits by the year 2030.
⸺

Objecti ves of the

02
Second Objective : D e velopment Plan

The revitalized internationally renowned Green

Garden City of South Asia

Objective 2.1 :
To create a network of 520 hectares of parks and green spaces
within the Colombo Municipal Council limits by the year 2030

Objective 2.2 :
To ensure that every citizen of Colombo city limits has access
to public open spaces within 500m walking distance by the
year 2030.

Objective 2.3 :
To maintain an average of 35% green cover within the Colombo
Municipal Council limits by the year 2030

03
Third Objective :

The Smart, Smooth and Sensed Urban Space for

all inhabitants

Objective 3.1 :
To reduce traffic congestion in the Colombo Municipal Council
limits by 50% by the year 2030.

Objective 3.2 :
To provide infrastructural facilities to cover 100% of the Colombo
Municipal Council limits by the year 2030.

Objective 3.3 :
To establish density based development zones within the Col-
ombo Municipal Council limits by the year 2030.

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Chapter
05
SWOT Analysis

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Chapter 05
SWOT Analysis
5.1. SWOT Analysis
A SWOT analysis was conducted to identify the physical,
⸺
economic, social and environmental strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats in order to reach the vision of making
Colombo a planned city by the year 2030, and thus it is expected
to achieve the development objectives. Accordingly, the SWOT
analysis for each objective is shown below

01
5.1.1. Summarized SWOT analysis for the Goal of
“The most sought Waterfront Business Environment
Experience in the world”

01
I. Large number of waterfront areas with development potential within the
city of Colombo.

STRENG- • 3.4% of the total land consumption is natural waterways, wetlands and
HTHS swamps (Kelani River- 4.8 km, Canal network- 8 km Coastline- 15 km,
Beira Lake 0.65 sq km)

• Kelani River is the main source of surface water in Colombo city and
the third largest river in Sri Lanka.

• Due to the fact that Colombo city is located in the tropical wet zone
and receives an average rainfall of 2500 mm annually, the surface and
underground water reserves in the water sources are high.

II. There is a high demand for real estate in the city of Colombo.

• At present, the developable land value varies from 10 million rupees to

20 million rupees per parcel.

• Land prices in the surrounding areas of Kollupitiya, Cinnamon

Gradens, Slave Island, Union Place, Bambalapitiya, Wellawatta starts
from 15 million rupees.

• The number of buildings in the low-rise and intermediate-rise category

is 32% as a percentage of the total number of buildings (by checking
the applications processed by the Urban Development Authority from
2017-2020).

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• The number of medium-rise and high-rise apartment buildings as a

percentage of the total number of buildings is 68% (by checking the
applications processed by the Urban Development Authority from
2017–2020).

• High demand for office space in IT and communication sectors and

banking and financial institutions.

• The monthly fee for office facilities within the Colombo Municipal
Council area varies from 250 to 400 rupees per square foot on the
basis of rent.

• According to the Johns Lang Lasell report, there were 2.3 and 5
million square feet of Grade A and Grade B office space in Colombo
in 2015 respectively.

III. Presence of areas of high aesthetic value that can be utilized for waterfront
development.

• Total water source length 120 km

• Existence of areas with an area of 12 square kilometers for waterfront

development activities

• Waterfront areas are 32% of the total land area.

IV. High demand for finance and banking sector in Colombo city..

• 19 banks per 1000 people according to banking index

01
I. Although there are water sources and associated waterfront areas within
the city, most of these waterfront areas have not been opened for develop-
ment activities.
WEAK-
NESSES • 55% of waterfront areas are not open for development, investment
opportunities and recreation.

• Presence of underserved settlements in more than 50% of water

front areas.

• The price of land in waterfront areas where the underserved settle-

ments are located is around 1 million rupees.

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II. The water sources and drainage system of the city of Colombo are blocked
by solid wastes and silt deposits that are disposed of informally, resulting
in flash floods.

• 100 mm of rain per day for one to two hours continuously, resulting in
flash flooding in the city

• Due to relatively severe flooding in low-lying areas around the Kelani

River and canals, investors are reluctant to carry out development
activities in the waterfront areas.

III. The existing planning and building regulations does not support to regulate
waterfront areas.

• Non-implementation of regulations to make the water sources into

frontyards of the city during the construction of buildings in water-
front areas.

• Regulations and guidelines have not been prepared to provide physical

access facilities and visual access facilities for the active maintenance
of water sources.

01
I. Previous and ongoing development projects and planning efforts
have been undertaken to improve the cleanliness of water sources and
surrounding areas.
OPPORTU-
NITIES II. Ongoing and proposed mega development projects involving water
resources

• Colombo Maritime City Development Project - Creation of a 6.2 km

beach for public recreation from Kollupitiya to Wellawatta by reclama-
tion of 216 acres of land.

• Beira Development Project - Release of over 110 lots of currently

underutilized land centered on Beira Lake to the market for future
investment opportunities.

• Port City Development Project- Development of over 269 hectares

of land.

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III. Recognition of Colombo as a leading center in the international business

context as per international rankings.

• National Business Intelligence Unit 2017-Colombo Second Most

Expensive City in South Asia

• Colombo being an international Gamma+ city (a city that connects

other small economic zones to the world economy).

• Global Quality of Life Information Report 2017- Introducing Colombo

as the fifth largest city, taking into account the changes in the city's
landscape over the last 5 years.

• Mersey's Quality of Living Survey 2017- Colombo ranked first in

South Asia.

• Alfainar Ranking 2017- Colombo Port 25 th Busiest Season in the World.

IV. Availability of relatively affordable office space in Colombo compared to

other international cities for office space

• Costs of office space drop to less than $1 per square foot (according to
the John Lassalle report).

• Being a lower price per square foot of office space compared to coun-
tries and cities like Singapore, Dubai, Mumbai, Delhi.

01
I. The relative decline in demand and importance of Colombo Port due to
other emerging competitive ports in the Asian region such as Singapore
Port.
THREATS
II. Creating a competitive environment regionally and globally in the global
economic market with cities like Singapore, Mumbai, Bangalore and Dubai.

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02
5.1.2. Summarized SWOT analysis for the Goal of
“The revitalized internationally renowned Green Garden
City of South Asia”

02
I. Having a high green density in the area known as Garden City Area of
Colombo City under the Sir Pratik Geddes Plan and Special Primary Resi-
dential Zone (SPRZ Zone) in the Colombo City Development Plan 2008
STRENG- (Amendment).
HTHS
• Implementation of green concept in Colombo 07 Cinnamon Garden
area based on Sir Pratik Geddus Plan- Garden City concept.

• Baudhaloka Mawatha, Horton Place, D.S. Senanayake Mawatha and

Wijerama Mawatha, spread in a grid pattern around Vihara Mahadevi
Park, have been arranged as tree-lined avenues.

• Maintaining Vihara Mahadevi Park as an urban forest area.

• Maintaining National Museum, Arcade Idependance Square and Galle

Face area as green areas.

• The minimum land size that can be developed in the Special Primary
Residential Zone is specified as 20 perches, and the maximum number
of floors is limited to 5.

II. Cinnamon Garden (Colombo 07) area has been identified as a special
residential area in all the development plans prepared so far for the city of
Colombo and the park features are still preserved.

• Regulations have been introduced to maintain the development

density at a lower value compared to other areas in the area.
(Example: Minimum floor area allowed in the zone is 20 perches,
maximum number of floors is 5).

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III. The presence of nearly 120 hectares of public open land in the city of
Colombo.

• 90 hectares of that area being green cover areas.

02
I. The Urban Heat Island Effect to be experienced in the city of Colombo

• Increasing building density and impervious surface area during the last
WEAK- decade has increased the thermal impact of the city.
NESSES
• Inadequate existing green cover to reduce the Urban Heat Island Effect

• Removal of planted vegetation with rapid development of construction

industry

• Areas with high Urban Heat Island Effect - Dematagoda, Blumandel,

Kotahena

II. Unauthorized encrachments and reclamation of water bodies and wetlan

• The size of Beira Lake a century ago has decreased by 51% due to
reclamation.

• Avoidance of the connection of the systematic canal system spread

over the city in the past due to informal development activities

• Negative impacts on stormwater management and drainage.

III. Average air quality in Colombo city

• PM2S concentration varies from 65 to 123.

• The average PM value in Colombo city is higher compared to cities in other

developed countries such as Melbourne, London, Paris, Singapore (Current Air
Quality Index 2018).

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02
I. Availability of suitable climatic conditions, soil factors and water resources
for maintaining green cover in the city.

OPPORTU- • Colombo city is located in the tropical wet zone and receives about
NITIES 2500 mm of annual rainfall, so the underground water level in the city
is high.

• Presence of red-yellow podzolic soil suitable for plant planting.

02
I. Deterioration of air quality due to the air pollution entering the atmos-
phere near Colombo city by air current transport from other industrial
cities in the vicinity of Sri Lanka.
THREATS

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03
5.1.3. Summarized SWOT analysis for the Goal of
“The Smart, Smooth and Sensed Urban Space for all
inhabitants”

03
I. 100% coverage of drinking water supply and electricity supply in the city.

II. Land use patterns are controlled and regulated through existing and
STRENG- previous planning and building regulations.
HTHS
III. The pattern of rapid development of high-rise developments intensifying
the Colombo skyline.

IV. International attention to the city of Colombo through the presence of

large-scale development projects in the commercial city of Colombo, such
as the Port City Project, transport development projects, urban regenera-
tion projects, Beira Lake development project, Maritime City Development
project and other mixed development projects.

V. Providing livable residential units for the underprivileged residential

community through urban regeneration projects implemented by the
Urban Development Authority.

03
I. The lack of easy and efficient passenger exchange between the modes of
transport due to the lack of integration between different modes of trans-
port.
WEAK-
NESSES II. Average speed of traffic during peak hours is less than 10 kmph

III. Existing water transport services are not functioning properly due to tech-
nical and operational issues.

IV. 50% of the people living in the commercial city of Colombo live in slums.

V. Encroachment of the city's waterways, coastal reserves, wetlands and

railway reserves by underprivileged residents.

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03
I. Due to the strategic and central location of the Colombo city on the Inter-
national Sea Route, there is a high demand for business opportunities
related to goods and services.
OPPORTU-
NITIES II. Current and proposed infrastructure development projects namely; Light
Rail Development Project, Electric Railway System, Bus Priority Lanes,
Pettah Multimodal Transport Hub, Elevated Highway and canal develop-
ment projects implemented by Sri Lanka Land Development Board and
Colombo Municipal Council etc.

III. The proposed solid waste management projects are the Karadiana Waste
to Energy Project (500 MW), the Kerawalapitiya Project (500 MW) and the
project to dispose of solid waste from Colombo and suburbs in a scientific
landfill at Aruwakkaru.

IV. Colombo being the nucleus of highway and rail transport, it has the Ability
to connect with other urban centers.

03
I. Difficulties in the practical implementation of development projects in the
face of epidemic conditions such as Covid-19.

THREATS II. Problems in the implementation of development projects due to the world
economic crisis.

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Chapter
06
The Plan

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Chapter 06
The Plan
6.1. Concept Plan
The conceptual plan was developed in order to guide the city
⸺
towards the process of transforming Colombo into the ‘Aqua-
rina, the City in Water of South Asia’. The main principle behind
C o n ce pt Pl a n
this concept plan is to turn the city’s waterfront regions in city
into Water Esplanades which includes; Kelani River, Beira Lake,
beaches and canal network, which are the city's most unique
potentials. Accordingly, the Concept Plan for the Commercial
City of Colombo, was developed by delineating five major Aqua
Regions linked to the city's various waterfronts and green spaces.

Aqua Region 1 Kelani River Based Special Regeneration Area

Aqua Region 2 St. Sebastian Canal Based Transformation Area

Aqua Region 3 The Marina Corridor

Aqua Region 4 The Garden

Aqua Region 5 Canal Based Developmnet Area

Beira Lake and Port City Based Exclusive

Aqua Region 6
Development Area

Table No. 6.1 : Major Aqua Regions associated with various waterfronts and green areas.
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

In order to implement the proposed concept plan, the above

Aqua Regions need to be activated and the necessary facilities
to be provided. Accordingly, Water Esplanade Development
Strategy, Spatial Development Strategy, Transport Development
Strategy and Urban Economic Development Strategy are being
introduced as activation strategies to accomplish the ‘Aquarina
-The City in Water’.

In addition, the Settlement Development Strategy, Utility

Management Strategies and Public Open Space Management
Strategy are being introduced to facilitate the ‘Aquarina, The
City in Water’.

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Chapter 06
The Plan

Kelani River Based

Special Regeneration Area

AR 1

Sebastian Canal Based Transform Area

AR 2
Beira Lake and Port City Based Premium
AR 6 Development Area

AR 4 Garden Zone

AR 3

Marine Corridor

AR 5 Canal Based Development Area

Figure No. 6.1 : Concept Plan

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Map No. 6.1 : Proposed Land Use Plan, City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 06
The Plan

S pati al D e velop ment

Strateg y

SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY

6.2. Spatial Development Strategy

The Spatial Development Strategy plays a key role in a develop-
ment plan and facilitate other strategies, such as the Infrastruc-
ture Development Strategy, Transport Development Strategy.
The primary functions of this strategy can be identified as recog-
nizing & managing the urban evolution and expanding it within
the territory.

Spatial development strategies for the city of Colombo are based

on the key factor of population distribution, development density
and relevant uses and how to allow those uses to be used within
the density zone. Further, the projects to be implemented in the
next few years and the projects currently in operation are also
the basis for formulating such a spatial development strategy.
A detailed Description of each of these points has given below.

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Chapter 06 6.2.1. Objectives of the Plan

The Plan
The main objective of the Spatial Development Strategy is to iden-
⸺ tify the most appropriate urban development structure, density
patterns & premium uses for the city of Colombo to identify and
Spati al D e v e l o pm e n t to transform it into a leading commercial hub that can compete
St rateg y internationally while minimizing adverse environmental and
social impacts. Further, the objectives of this strategy is to create
O bj e ct i ve s of the Pl an
a unique urban image and livable urban environment by main-
taining a rhythmic skyline in the city of Colombo.

S cop e of the P l an 6.2.2. Scope of the Plan

The scope of the Spatial Development Strategy can be mentioned

as follows.

I. Population projection and distribution.

II. Identifying density based Development Zones.
III. Identify the nodal hierachy in the Colombo City Plan.
IV. Regulating requirements of urban verticle space.
V. Expected urban structure.
VI. Introducing a Development Density based Zoning Plan.

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Map No. 6.2 : Total Spatial Development Plan, Colombo Municipal Council Area, 2022–2031
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Chapter 06 6.2.3. Population Projection and Distribusion

The Plan

Forecasting of Resident population and commuter population in

⸺ the Colombo Municipal Council area are based on the following
three main methods.
Spati al D e v e l o pm e n t
St rateg y
I. Method 01- Population growth as usual
II. Methodology 02- Population projection based on existing infrastructure
Po pu l at ion P roje ction
facilities
a n d Distribu s ion
III. Methodology 03- based on the expected development

Method 01 - Population growth as usual

According to the natural growth rate, the resident population in

the Colombo Municipal Council area was calculated as follows.

Population Population Growth Rate Population

2011 2017 2022

555,152 555,031 -0.0004 554,800

Table No. 6.2 : Residetial Population in Colombo Municipal Council Area

Source : Department of Census and Statistic, 2011, Colombo Municipal Council, 2017

Commuter Population

Since the commuter population data is only available for the

year 2019, the commuter population growth for the year 2031
was Proportionately divided into the ratio between residential
and commuter population of 2017

2017 Non- 2031 Non-Reseidential

Residential Residential Residential 2031 (in accordance
2017 with the ratio between
residential and
commuter population

Population 555,031 600,000 554,800 599,500

Table No. 6.3 : The commter population of Colombo Municipal Council Area
Source : Colombo Municipal Council, 2017

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Although there is a negative natural population growth rate in Chapter 06

the Colombo Municipal Council, a positive population growth The Plan
in the area is expected in the future due to the expected devel-
opment activities, government policies and low income & ⸺
middle income housing projects proposed by the government.
S pati al D e velop ment
Therefore, population projection in the Colombo Municipal
Strateg y
Council area cannot be done based on the natural population
growth rate. Popul at ion Proj e cti o n
a n d Dist r ib u s i o n
Methodology 02 - Population projection based on existing
infrastructure facilities

Pipe-borne water Pipe-borne water

Population
demand (cubic Population 2031 demand (cubic
2015
meters per day) meters per day)

576,740 350,990 687,015 361,570

Table No. 6:4 : Pipe-borne water demand in Colombo Munipal Council Area
Source : National Water Supply and Drainage Board, 2017

The estimated population for the year 2030 by the National

Water Supply and Drainage Board is 687,015 and the Pipe-borne
water demand for that population is estimated to be 361,570
cubic meters per day. The National Water Supply and Drainage
Board has ensured that the estimated demand for Pipe-borne
water can be supply through existing and proposed pipe-borne
water supply projects.

Therefore, according to the ability to supply pipe-borne water

in terms of the carrying capacity of the city, it can be identified
that 687,015 residential population will be able to live in the city
by the year 2030.

Wastewater Disposal Systems

According to the Department of Census and Statistics 2011

report, the number of houses connected to the Colombo Munic-
ipal Council sewerage system is 71,032 and according to the
National Water Supply and Drainage Board, the population
within the catchment area of the sewerage system by the year
2031 is 838,000.

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Chapter 06 Methodology 03 - based on the expected development

The Plan Residential Population Projection - 2031

⸺ Although the residential population growth for the year 2031,

depending on the natural population growth and the carrying
Spati al D e v e l o pm e n t capacity of the urban system is 554,800 and 687,000 respec-
St rateg y tively, the development plan should predict the actual popula-
tion, adequate infrastructure and other facilities to be attracted
Po pu l at ion P roje ction
a n d Distribu s ion with the expected development. Therefore, the actual popula-
tion living in the city in 2031 was predicted.

Residential Residential Natural Residential Predicted

Populataion Populataion Growth Populataion Residential
2011 2017 Rate - 2031 Population
(In accordance 2031
with Natural (Adjested Value)
Growth Rate)

555,152 555,031 -0.00004 554,800 634,000

Table No. 6:5 : Residential Population Prediction in Colombo Municipal Council Area – 2031
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Projection of Non- Residential Population - 2031

In the projection of non-residential population under natural

population growth conditions for the year 2031, residential to
non- residential population ratio of the year 2017 was taken into
account. However, that calculated population value of 599,500
was not proportional with future anticipated developments for
the city.

Therefore, planning discussions were held to predict the

expected non-residential population by 2031 in the Colombo
Municipal Council area. Accordingly, after considering the
expected future development in the City of Colombo, it was iden-
tified that the non-resident population growth will be around
48% as a percentage.

non-resident population 2017 - 634,000

expected increment of non-resident population (%) - 48%
non-resident population 2031 - 940,000

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6.2.4. Identifying Development Zones Chapter 06

The Plan
Based on the Density
⸺
Spatial development strategy introduces a population and devel-
opment density-based zoning system instead of the traditional
S pati al D e velop ment
land use-based zoning system. Accordingly, the planning area Strateg y
will be zoned as high density, medium density and low density
according to population density and expected development Iden t if yin g
density and the following criteria were used to identify those De vel opm e nt Zo ne s
Ba s ed on t h e D e ns i ty
areas. Also, the analyzes and observations made to identify the
development trends and expected development density in the
area are given in Annex 2.

I. Carrying Capacity of the development

• Infrastructure facilities
• Environmental sensitivity and social analysis

II. Future human spatial demand

III. Population and urbanization trends
IV. Existing land uses, land uses and Floor Area Ratio (F.A.R.)
V. Land values and Tendencies to change land values
VI. Impact of proposed and currently implemented development projects

Carrying Capacity —by identifying environmentally sensitive areas,

development activities in those areas are systematically regu-
lated and by evaluating the distribution of infrastructure quan-
titatively, the direction of future development pressure is deter-
mined. Accordingly, for the high-density zones the carrying
capacity is relatively high i.e.; High levels of infrastructure are
essential, and environmental and social sensitivities must be
kept in a minimum.

The current development orien-

Population and Urbanization Trends —
tation, market system, state influence and population expansion
based on other economic, social and environmental factors were
studied. By that, the distribution of urbanization of the Colombo
City in future was identified.

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Chapter 06 Priority is given to expand

Land Use and Floor Area Ratio (FAR) (FAR) —
The Plan and encourage high-density developments in areas where
high-density development and those uses are already exist and
⸺ areas where there are regulations for that. This strategy also
identifies other factors, such as infrastructure deficiencies and
Spati al D e v e l o pm e n t
investment weaknesses, despite having high Floor Area Ratio
St rateg y
and a greater potential was given for high-density development
Id e ntifying
in those areas.
D e v e lop me nt Zones
Ba s e d on the De ns ity

N o dal Hiearachy in
6.2.5. Nodal Hiearachy in City of Colombo
C ity of C ol ombo
The following criteria were used to identify the nodal hierarchy
in the City of Colombo Plan.

I. Inter-transportation connections links with the existing road system,

rail system and expressway system
II. Impact of transport objectives created by the future proposed and
ongoing projects.
III. Influence of ongoing and proposed special projects and Development
Guide Plans
IV. Practical implementation of Urban spatial concepts on the ground
V. According to government policies, the city of Colombo, one of the four
metropolitan areas, will be able to connect with its adjoining areas and
thereby be able to connect to the semi-urban area and its implications.
VI. Colombo, which is one of the four major cities according to the govern-
ment policies, is connected with its neighboring areas and thus the
possibility of connecting the semi-urban area and the resulting impact.
VII. Spatial Development Strategy of other Development Plans
(Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, Kolonnawa, Dehiwala, Boralesgamuwa)

The formation of this urban hierarchy is expected to decen-

tralize development concentrated into the Colombo Commercial
Area (CBD) and it was identified to create independent urban
nodes in each development. By enforcing the identified nodes,
facilities can be provided for both residents and commuters.

Accordingly, by concentrating on the Colombo Commercial Area,

Pettah and its environs will be the main node in the Colombo
City. Further, it was identified that, Kollupitiya, Bambalapi-
tiya, Wellawatte, Dematagoda & Borella as level two nodes and
Mattakkuliya & Narahenpita as level three nodes. (Map No. 6.3)

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Figure No. 6.2 : Expected Nodal Hierachy in Colombo Municipal Council Area – 2031
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 6.2.6. Vertical space regulation and urban landmark

The Plan conservation in the city of Colombo
⸺ Urban landmarks are directly impacted on enhancing a city's
identity and aesthetic value. Therefore, when designing land-
Spati al D e v e l o pm e n t
marks, it is very important to enhance the visual quality of
St rateg y
the city and highlight the unique features. Conservation of
Ve rtical s pace
such landmarks can lead to positive environmental, social and
reg u l at ion and u rban economic development in the surrounding areas.
l a n dm a r k cons e r vation
i n t h e c ity of C ol ombo
Accordingly, the Lotus Tower having 350-meter height, can be
introduced as one of the prominent landmarks in the City of
Colombo and is considered to be the tallest self-supporting
structure in South Asia. The Colombo City Development Plan
2022-2031 identifies the visual corridors to make this beautiful
urban landmark visible in and around the City of Colombo. In
order to identify these visual corridors, the ‘Visibility Analysis’
was done by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and
which was also determined the maximum allowable heights for
the proposed constructions in each visual corridor.

Accordingly, the maximum allowable height for the proposed

construction in the visual corridor can be identified as follows.

I. Visibility of 2/3 of the Lotus Tower within 0.5 km - 2 km

II. Visibility of 1/3 of the Lotus Tower in the area within 2.0 km - 5.0 km
III. Visibility of the Lotus Tower to the main public areas and corridors.

Thus, the maximum allowable height for the identified visual

corridors and those corridors are shown in Figure 6.3. Further,
the regulations and guidelines applicable to these visual corri-
dors are depicted in Section 8.3 and the boundaries of those
visual corridors & the maximum allowable height for the devel-
opments within those corridors are specified as mean sea level.

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Urban Development Authority

Figure No. 6.3 : Identified Visual Corridors and maximum Heights limits of Lotus Tower
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 6.2.7. Expected Urban Structure

The Plan

The most appropriate spatial urban structure for the city of

⸺ Colombo is defined through a scientific analysis of develop-
mental density and appropriate uses & characteristics. Further,
Spati al D e v e l o pm e n t
it also identified the city's current development orientation,
St rateg y

Figure No. 6.4 : The Three Dimensional Form of Colombo Commercial City (Not to actual scale)
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 06
The Plan

market factors, development potentials and existing weaknesses

⸺
in the city. Accordingly, the expected built environment and
skyline deviations in the city of Colombo, based on development S pati al D e velop ment
density can be interpreted in the following diagrams. Strateg y

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Figure No. 6.5 : The Three Dimensional Form of North Area of Colombo Commercial City
(Not to actual scale) | Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Figure No. 6.6 : Three Dimensional Form of Garden Zone and Premium Zone
(Not to actual scale) | Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Figure No. 6.7 : 3D model of the built environment from sea level (Not to actual scale)
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Figure No. 6.8 : Cross section of proposed urban model (Not to actual scale)
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Expected Skyline Changes.

Figure 6.9 shows the changes in the skyline represented by the

cross section from Colombo North to Bambalapitiya direction;
South Colombo via Kelani River, Orugodawatta, Dematagoda,
Borella, Special Primary Residential Zones. Accordingly, it has
been identified that the intensity of vertical development is grad-
ually decreasing towards Bambalapitiya, Borella, and Orugoda-
watta, Dematagoda respectively. There, the lowest vertical devel-
opment density is recorded in the area around Colombo 7, also
known as the Special Primary Residential Zone.

Kelani River Orugodawatta Borella Special Primar y Bambalapitiya

Dematagoda Residential Zone

Figure No. 6.9 : Skyline change from Colombo North to Colombo South (Not to actual scale)
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

Figure 6.10 shows the change in horizon of the expected urban

pattern from Panchikawatte / Dematagoda to the northeast
along the coast, Galle Face, Slave Island, Lotus Tower, Colombo
West, respectively. Accordingly, as the Lotus Tower is the main
landmark of the city of Colombo and is expected to maintain
its prominence, the radial vertical development from the Lotus
Tower is maintained in a gradual manner.

Sea Belt Galle Face Slave Island Lotus Tower Panchikawatta

Dematagoda

Figure No. 6.10 : Variation of Skyline from West to North East direction of Colombo
(Not to actual scale) | Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 The expected skyline changes from Colombo Port City to Peli-
The Plan yagoda direction through Colombo Harbour, Kotahena, Blueo-
mandal is shown in Figure 6.11. There, the port city of Colombo
⸺ will operate as the leading area of vertical development, and the
areas of Kotahena and Blueomandel, which have been identi-
Spati al D e v e l o pm e n t
fied as urban regeneration areas, will also lead to higher vertical
St rateg y
development.
Exp e cted U rban
Stru ctu re

Colmbo Port City Kotahena Bloemendhal

Figure No. 6.11 : Skyline change from Colombo port city to Peliyagoda direction
(Not to actual scale) | Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

De vel op ment 6.2.8. Development Guide Plans

G u id e P l ans

I. Colombo Fort Historical Area Guide Plan

Colombo Fort historic area with historically valuable buildings

and monuments has high potential for development but the area
is underutilized. A government policy decision has been taken
to develop this area and several development projects have been
started so far. For example, Gafoor Building, Grand Oriental
Hotel are some of them. Focus is on developing the area with
new conservation concepts and protection measures.

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II. Colombo Bazar Area Development Guide Plan Chapter 06

The Plan
Pettah area can be identified as one of the busiest shopping areas
located in the city center of Colombo. The area is lined with distinct ⸺
and specialized streets. It is a special feature that this area is an area
where you can get a commercial experience that cannot be seen in S pati al D e velop ment

other parts of Sri Lanka, which has unique characteristics. According Strateg y

to a government policy, Manning Market and Fish Market have been

De vel opm e nt
shifted to Peliyagoda area with great success. Apart from this, plans G uide P l a ns
are currently being prepared to move the dry food wholesale trade in
the Fifth Cross Street to Peliyagoda area. Through the implementa-
tion of regulatory plans, it is expected to reduce the existing traffic in
Pettah Bazaar area, increase the tourist attraction and thus provide a
high commercial experience.

III. Independance Square Development Guide Plan

This is located within the Special Primary Residential Zone. The main
objectives of this Guide plan are to protect the prominence and iden-
tity of the Independence Square and the green cover, and to protect the
area by limiting land uses that interfere with the inherited character in
this area. Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Wijerama Mawatha (Gregory Road),
Dr. Stanley Wijesurendra Mawatha, Freedom Mawatha can be defined
as the boundary of this area. This Guide plan is mainly divided into 6
zones and the permissible use and permissible floor size for each zone
are detailed in the second part of this plan.

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Chapter 06
The Plan

Tra n s po r t
De ve lopme n t St rateg y

TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY

6.3. Transport Development Strategy

The spatial expansion of road network is a major factor in creating
a live and dynamic city. Accordingly, when a city's spatial model
is used for residential, commercial, service or any other purpose,
its road system will act as a critical component of the relevant
built environment.

Thus, there is an increase in the demand for transportation due

to the tendency of population migration, towards the urban and
suburban centers that are being built in the built-up environ-
ment associated with the road network. It has been observed
that due to the tendency of using private transportation instead
of public transportation, the number of vehicles circulating in
city and traffic during peak hours in the city has been increased.
Therefore, the level of service on existing roads has exceeded
and traffic congestion has become more severe.

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Urban Development Authority

6.3.1. Planning Objectives Chapter 06

The Plan

The purpose of the Roads and Transportation Plan is to enhance

the efficiency of existing road network and transportation ⸺
system that will facilitate for an efficient and effective navigation
Tran spor t
within the city. In order for any transport system to be efficient,
D e velopment Strateg y
the components of spatial model; the expansion of the various
transportation modes and the existence of transport hubs that P l a n n in g O bj e cti v e s
integrate those modes are paramount. Therefore, the objectives
of the Road and Transport Plan is to determine the spatial distri-
bution of most appropriate multidimensional transportation
network based on the proposed urban structure, population and
building density, proposed urban characteristics and develop-
ment activities, and to determine the most suitable locations for
the transport hubs where those networks are concentrated.

6.3.2. Planning Scope P l a n n in g S co p e

In the preparation of road and transport plan for the Colombo

Municipal Council area, has focused on highways, express-
ways, railways and water transportation. Further, the road hier-
archy was prepared based on the development priority and the
cross-section for each road was determined accordingly. The
planning period for road development in this plan is 2022-2031,
but the time taken to implement and complete other special
projects and related projects may exceed the planning period.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Map No. 6.3 : Total Transport Development Plan – 2031

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

6.3.3. Transport Arrangement Chapter 06

The Plan

The city's transport network has become an important factor in

the rapid development of Colombo as a major commercial hub ⸺
and tourist destination in Sri Lanka. Accordingly, the city of
Tran spor t
Colombo is connected to the other regional cities and transport
D e velopment Strateg y
hubs through major roads, expressways and railways, and oper-
ates as the Island's main nuclear hub including other transport Tra n s por t A r ra nge me nt
related infrastructure such as Transit Oriented Developments
(TOD), Multimodal Transport Hubs and Traffic Management
Systems.

6.3.3.1. Proposed Road Development Projects

In preparing the Road and Transport Plan of the Colombo Munic-

ipal Council area, the priority categories of roads are identi-
fied separately according to the layout of the highway system
namely; provincial link roads, interstate access roads, existing
physical width of the road, road building line and road vehicular
capacity.

I. Proposed Roads for development during the planning period

The road which are proposed to widen up by the City of Colombo

Development Plan 2022-2031 prepared for the Colombo Munic-
ipal Council, are identified as P1 roads or the first priority roads.
Those roads and their proposed road widths are given in detail
in Table 6.6 below.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

First Priority Roads proposed for widneing during the

Planning period (P1 Roads)

Existing Building Line (meters)

Proposed Road width / Street
Physical width of the existing

for devlopment (Kilo Meters)

Proposed length of the road

Proposed Bui;ding Line

Proposed no of lanes
Part of the road proposed for
Road Name
development

Road (meters)

Line(Meters

(meters)
Sri Wickrama Mawatha From new Kelani River road to 6 9 2 0.5 15 15
Malwathta Lane (Mattakuliya
Police Station)

Madampitiya Road From Sirimawo Bandaranayake 10 18 4 1.3 22 24

Mawatha to Modara road

Nagalagam Street From the bridge of Sirimawo 6 9 2 1 15 15

Bandaranaya Mawatha to
Sirimawobandaranayake
Mawatha Port Access Road

K, Cyril C Perera Mawatha( From George R,D Silva 9 18 4 2.6 24 24

North Part) Mawatha to Madampitiya road

Meeraniya Street From Sangaraja Mawatha to 6 9 2 0.65 15 15

Hultfs Dorf Road

Maligawaththa Lane From Jummah Musjid Road to 7 9 2 0.2 15 15

Kettarama Temple Road

School Lane Dematagoda From Sri Wajiragnana Mawatha 5 9 2 0.2 – 12

to Diaburges Avenue

Dematagoda Road From dematagoda Junction to 6 18 4 0.3 22 24

Sri Dhamma Mawatha

Sri Wajiragnana Mawatha From Maradana road to Shri 6 9 2 1.3 22 22

Dhamma Mawatha

Katawalamulla Road Sri Wajiragnana Mawatha to 6 9 2 0.6 15 15

Ananda Mawatha

Lesley Ranagala From Baseline Road to 6 9 2 1.4 22 22

Cotta Road

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Urban Development Authority

Existing Building Line (meters)

Proposed Road width / Street
Physical width of the existing

for devlopment (Kilo Meters)

Proposed length of the road

Proposed Bui;ding Line

Proposed no of lanes
Part of the road proposed for
Road Name
development

Road (meters)

Line(Meters

(meters)
Shady Grove Avenue From Cotta Road to Sri 6 9 2 0.3 12 12
Jayawardhanapura Road

Ever Green Park Road From E.D. Dabare Mawatha to 6 18 4 0.4 12 22

Kirimandala Mawatha

Muhandiram E dabare Road From Narahenpita Junction to 6 9 2 0.25 12 12

Kirimandala Mawatha

Sea Veiw Avenue From Galle Road to R.A.D. 6 9 2 0.25 15 15

De Mel Mawatha

Inner Flower Road and St, From Galle Road to 6 9 2 0.8 15 15

Anthony Road Flower Road

Lake Road connection road From Kirimandala Mawatha to 6 9 2 0.8 – 15

Nawala Road

Dehiwala Canal Road Right From Baseline Road to 6 9 2 1.5 – 15

Bank connection - From Highlevel Road
Siddhartha Road to
Thalakotuwa road

Suvisuddharama Mawatha From Colombo- Horana Road 6 9 2 0.7 15 15

to W.A. Silva Mawatha

Ishwari Lane From Colombo- Horana Road 6 9 2 0.2 12 12

to Highlevel Road

Table No. 6.6 : First Priority Roads P1

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

New Road Development Proposals

The new roads proposed for development during the plan-

ning period are listed in Table 6.7 below as the second priority
road P2.

Proposed Road width (meters)

for devlopment (kilo meters)

proposed length of the road
Physical width of the Road

Building Line (meters)

Proposed no of lanes

Street Line (meters)

Part of the road proposed for
Name of the Road
development

(meters)
Kelani River Left Bank from the new Negambo Road New road 10 2 4
Road to the bridge of Sirimawo construc-
Bandaranayake Mawatha tion

Henamulla Lane from new Kelani River road 4.5 10 2 0.75 15

extension to Ferguson Road

St, Sebastian Road from Olcott Mawatha to 5 10 2 3.4 15

connection – Sri Ingurukade Junction
Priyadarshana Mawatha
extension

Kolonnawa Canal left from Dematagoda Junction to New road 10 2 5

bank road extension Shri Jayawardenapura construc-
– New road Mawatha tion

Table No. 6.7 : Second Priority Roads P2

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

Map No. 6.4 : Roads Proposed for Development During the Planning Period
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 Proposed Road section

The Plan

Tra n s po r t
De ve lopme n t St rateg y

ප්‍ ‍�රවාාහන සැැකැැස්�ම

Figure No. 6.12 : Cross Section of Water Front Road (Two Lane)
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Figure No. 6.13 : Cross Section of Two Lane Road

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Figure No. 6.14 : Cross Section of Four Lane Road

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

II. Elevated Highway Chapter 06

The Plan
The Road Development Authority (RDA) has proposed to
construct an Elevated Highway for the Colombo City in order to ⸺
improve road connectivity between the city of Colombo and the
adjoining suburban areas and to reduce existing traffic conges- Tran spor t

tion. Under this project, it is proposed to develop as a four-lane D e velopment Strateg y

expressway starting from the new Kelani Bridge and ending near
Tra n s por t A r ra nge me nt
the Athurugiriya Interchange of the Outer Circular Highway.

Figure No. 6.15 : Proposed Transport Development Projects

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 The first phase is from the new Kelani Bridge to Rajagiriya with
The Plan the length of 6.9 m long and the second phase is proposed to
extend southwards from Rajagiriya to the Athurugiriya Inter-
⸺ change on the Outer Circular Highway. The northern end will
also be connected to the Colombo-Katunayake Expressway from
Tra n s po r t
the New Kelani Bridge. It is also proposed to extend the Elevated
De ve lopme n t St rateg y
Highway to connect the Colombo Port and the Port City, thereby
Tra n s p o r t Arrange ment
it is expected to increase the efficiency of passenger and freight
transportation and local and foreign investment opportunities.

III. Extension of Marine Drive (Colombo Plan Road)

The Road Development Authority (RDA) has proposed to

extend the Marine Drive constructed from the Kollupitiya
Railway Station to the Dehiwala Railway Station. Accordingly,
it is proposed to extend this line from the Kollupitiya Railway
Station to the Port City via Galle Face, after conducting a feasi-
bility study

IV. Flyovers

The Road Development Authority (RDA) commenced preliminary

work in 2021 on the construction of three flyovers at Uttarananda
Mawatha, Justice Akbar Mawatha and Baladaksha Mawatha with
the objective of alleviating the severe traffic congestion in the
present city of Colombo. It is expected to dissolve the traffic
congestion on several roads in the Colombo City.

The flyovers identified accordingly are given below.

Flyover connecting Uttarananda Mawatha

It is proposed to construct a 740 meter long and 4.9M-wide link

between Uttarananda Mawatha and Justice Akbar Mawatha with
an average speed of 50 kmph.

Flyover connecting Justice Akbar Avenue

It is proposed to construct a 315 meter long and 8-meter-wide

road connecting Malay Street and Baladhaksha Mawatha with an
average speed of 50 km per hour.

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Urban Development Authority

Flyover connecting Baladaksha Road Chapter 06

The Plan
It is proposed to construct 400 meters long and 11 meters
wide road connecting Chittappalam A Gardiner Mawatha and ⸺
Baladaksha Mawatha, with an average speed of 50 km per hour.
Tran spor t
D e velopment Strateg y

6.3.3.2. Rail Transport System Tra n s por t A r ra nge me nt

Railway service which is a leading public transport service in

Sri Lanka, transports a large number of passengers daily to the
city of Colombo. Considering the population growth pattern in
the Colombo Municipal Council area, it can be observed that a
large number of commuter population are migrating into the
city on the daily basis as compared to the residential popula-
tion. It is also expected that the daily commuter population
will increase further in the future due to other physical devel-
opment and public recreation activities, including increasing
office space. Furthermore, although there has been a growing
trend of people in using the private transport sector over the
past few years, it is to be expected that in the future, people will
be more inclined towards the public transport system due to the
high traffic congestion on the highways and the rising economic
costs. Accordingly, as a mode of public transport rail transpor-
tation has been identified to make efficient by the Railway Elec-
trification and Modernization Project.

Proposed Railway Electrification Project

It is proposed to electrify and modernize four major railway lines

in Sri Lanka to create a more efficient and comfortable railway
service for the passengers. Among those four railway lines.
The Coastal Railway Line and the Kelani Valley Railway Line is
located within the Colombo Municipal Council planning area.

Accordingly, the proposed Kelani Valley Railway Project will

be constructed as an elevated railway line from the Colombo
Fort Railway Station to Avissawella and from Nugegoda to
Avissawella running on ground level with 2 Railway lines. It is
proposed to electrify the Coastal Railway Line from Colombo
Fort to Panadura. It is also proposed to modernize the railway
stations consistent with the electrification of the railway.

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Chapter 06 Colombo Metro Project

The Plan
Since, the high daily flow of passengers to the Colombo Metropol-
⸺ itan Area, for employment and service needs, it can be observed
that there is a significant traffic congestion in the planning area
Tra n s po r t during peak hours. The need to introduce new modes of trans-
De ve lopme n t St rateg y port within the Colombo Metropolitan Area has been identified
since it is not practical to widen roads as a solution to ease traffic
Tra n s p o r t Arrange ment
congestion. Accordingly, it is proposed to operate the Light Rail
Service based on the main corridors mentioned in the 2014
ComTrans study report, which will connect the city of Colombo
with other urban centers such as Moratuwa, Piliyandala, Kadu-
wela and Athurugiriya. (Figure 6.15)

• Red Line- From Ragama to Kirulapone

• Blue Line - From Hunupitiya to Kottawa
• Purple Line - From Colombo Fort to Maradana, Malabe,
Kaduwela and Athurugiriya
• Green Line - From Kelaniya to Moratuwa

6.3.3.3. Inland Water Transportation Project.

The Land Development Corporation of Sri Lanka has introduced

the Passenger Water Transport System as a new mode of trans-
port to create a smooth urban transport system in order to reduce
the traffic congestion on roads. Accordingly, a passenger ferry
service is currently being operated from Diyatha Uyana to Well-
awatte via Diyawanna, Kirulapone Canal and Wellawatte Canal.
after conducting a feasibility study, it is proposed to establish a
water transportation system from Colombo Fort to Union Place
via Beira Lake and from Mattakkuliya to Hanwella along the
Kelani River.

6.3.3.4. Special Projects

(a). Transit Oriented Developments

Transit Oriented Development projects can be introduced as a

city planning concept, which develops business, residential and
recreational areas, in areas where different modes of transporta-
tion agglomerates. Here, compacted urban models are designed

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Urban Development Authority

by combining efficient modes of transportation, including Chapter 06

cycling lanes and walking lanes where passengers can easily The Plan
reach for the public transport modes. Accordingly, the Pettah
and Borella can be identified as Transit Oriented Development ⸺
Areas within the Colombo Municipal Council area.
Tran spor t
D e velopment Strateg y
Pettah Transport Center

Tra n s por t A r ra nge me nt

In the past, the Railways and Highways System was established to
cater to the demand for goods and services and so on the Colombo
Port, the Sri Lanka Transport Board Central Bus Complex and the
Private Bus Stand were established. To enhance the productivity
of the established transportation system, transportation-based
land uses are gradually concentrated to the adjoining area.

However, at present, the interconnection between the Railway

station and passenger bus terminal is very low, it causes various
inconveniences to the associated service recipients. Accordingly,
in order to enhance the interconnection of the Pettah transport
system and create a compact urban model, integrated passenger
and freight terminals, road developments, bridges, tunnels, side-
walks, bicycle lanes, passenger lounge and sanitation facilities
are proposed to implement within the area identified in Figure
6.16 after a feasibility study.

Figure No. 6.16 : Pettah Transport Center Development Project

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 Borella Transit Oriented Development Area

The Plan
Borella City can be described as an emerging hub showing high
⸺ spatial connectivity and consists of major roads such as Baseline
Road, Maradana Road, Cemetery Road and Kotta Road which
Tra n s po r t provide access to Colombo, Peliyagoda, Maradana, Kirulapone,
De ve lopme n t St rateg y Wijerama, Narahenpita and Rajagiriya.
Tra n s p o r t Arrange ment

Figure No. 6.17 : Borella Transport Oriented Development Area

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

Accordingly, the Borella area is characterized by significant Chapter 06

transport and passenger characteristics, and is a highly valuable The Plan
area due to the anticipated future Metro Rail Network project.
⸺
Through this project, urban planning is carried out in such a
Tran spor t
way that physical , social , economic and environmental devel-
D e velopment Strateg y
opments take place in relation to the Promotional Mixed Devel-
opment Zone and the Core Project Area within the Borella Tra n s por t A r ra nge me nt
Boundary Limits as per the Colombo City Development Plan .
Guidelines will be prepared, project identification and imple-
mentation, and traffic feasibility improvements will be done.

(b). Proposed Vehicle Parking Complexes

A large number of commuters daily migrate to the Colombo city

limits for employment and services where many of whom use
their own private vehicles. Since there are not enough parking
lots in the city to park these vehicles, vehicles are parked on
both sides of the road. This situation can be cited as a reason
for the increase in traffic congestion in the city. Accordingly,
it has been proposed to construct multi-storey car parks using
limited space, in the vicinity of Narahenpita and Pettah, which
have been identified as high-commuter attractive nodes. (Figure
6.18, Figure 6.19, Figure 6.20 and Figure 6.21)

Figure No. 6.18 : Narahenpita Multi Storey Car Park Complex

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
The Plan

Tra n s po r t
De ve lopme n t St rateg y

Tra n s p o r t Arrange ment

Figure No. 6.19 : Pettah Multi Storey Car Park Complex

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Figure No. 6.20 : Olccot Mawatha Multi Storey Car Park Complex
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 06
The Plan

Tran spor t
D e velopment Strateg y

Tra n s por t A r ra nge me nt

Figure No. 6.21 : Union Place Multi Storey Car Park Complex
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Transport Development Plan Recommendations -

1. As mentioned in Chapter 3.2.3, the road density in the city of Colombo is

10.7%, which is very close to the road densities of other international cities in
the world. Because of that, the need for alternative public transport has been
identified as further widening of highways is no longer effective. Accordingly,
an alternative transport system should be established covering the city of
Colombo and its suburbs, by following a transport feasibility study.

2. Based on the concept of "Smart City", Internet of Things based Real Time
Monitoring Systems, Passenger Information Systems, Automated Vehicle
Locating Systems, Scan Unlock Ride Systems should be introduced, to trans-
form the existing traditional transportation system into a highly efficient
"smart transportation system" as appropriate.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
The Plan

Urba n S ett l e m e n t
D e ve lopme n t S rate rg y

O bj e ct i ve s of the Pl an

URBAN SETTLEMENT
DEVELOPMENT SRATERGY

6.4. Urban Settlement Development Sratergy

6.4.1. Objectives of the Plan

Housing has been identified as one of the main physical needs

for human living, and the lack of housing supply to meet the
rapid increase in urban population resulting from urbaniza-
tion is a major problem. Therefore, planning a strategy to meet
the sustainable housing needs of the population predicted in
the development plan, has been identified as an essential task.
Regarding the eleventh Sustainable Development Goal, the
global goal of “Sustainable Cities and Settlements”, it focuses
on providing quality housing, making cities and settlements
compatible, safe and sustainable for all people.

Accordingly, through the Colombo City Development Plan,

providing the new housing demand for the residential population
predicted for the year 2031, the provision of permanent housing
facilities & service facilities for semi-permanent and temporary
residents, the provision of housing units with adequate infra-
structure & livable suitable environmental conditions can be
stated as the objective of Urban Settlement Development Plan

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Urban Development Authority

6.4.2. Scope of the Plan Chapter 06

The Plan

The urban settlement development plan mainly identifies suit-

able areas for the promotion of residential use and provides ⸺
adequate physical infrastructure, social infrastructure and
Ur ban S ettlement
outdoor public recreational areas.
D e velopment Sraterg y

It is expected to reduce the percentage of homeless people S cope of th e Pl a n

through directing more housing development while reducing
the Government burden for providing housing. For that, strat-
egies like resorting to the contribution of the private sector for
housing development, encouraging the purchase of housing by
providing bank interest loan concessions, introducing housing
projects through institutions such as the Urban Development
Authority, increasing local and foreign private construction
sectors will be employed.

Furthermore, improve the living conditions of the residents of

underserved settlements in a planned manner by identifying
those areas and recommendations and guidelines have been
given to to implement housing schemes to meet the needs of
middle and high income earners, to build and maintain high
quality houses by introducing regulations and orders, imple-
mentation and follow-up of laws, strategic projects for settle-
ment management.

It is also expected to provide high-quality housing at affordable

prices for the 940,000 migrant population who come to Colombo
city and surrounding areas daily for work needs, while reducing
urban traffic congestion and carbon emissions, and saving
energy, time & resources. It will also be able to provide support
for social, economic and environmental sustainability.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Map No. 6.5 : Total Urban Settlement Development Plan – 2031

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

6.4.3. Identify residential areas within the jurisdiction Chapter 06

The Plan
of the Colombo Municipal Council in terms of suitabil-
ity for residential development and introduce zoning ⸺
and building & planning regulations based on building
density to achieve the desired physical form of the de- Ur ban S ettlement
D e velopment Sraterg y
velopment plan.
Iden t if y re s i d e nti a l
Three favorable areas have been identified for the promotion a rea s in te r ms
of residential activities within the Colombo Municipal Council of s uita b ili ty
for res identi a l
area for the expansion of residential use, proposal have been
de vel opm e nt . . . .
identified to provide other infrastructure facilities and services
related to it, control of housing density, Zoning plan and zone
factor have been introduced in such a way as to reduce the
change of use and protection of privacy and freedom of residen-
tial residents. The areas designated as Urban Settlement Promo-
tion Areas are shown in Figure 6.22 and the expected develop-
ment nature of those areas in Table 6.8.

Settlement Areas included in Expected Nature of

Promotion Areas respective zones residentials

Zone I Rosemead Place, Barnes The Special Primary

Place Horton Place, Residential Zone promotes for
Baudhaloka Mawatha, low-density housing. The
Javawatta Area, development of this area is
Kurunduwatta Area and expected to be regulated as
Surroundings an area with unique
residential characteristics and
an area nourished by green
cover. Accordingly, horizontal
and vertical development
density will be regulated in
this area compared to other
areas. Commercial
development is restricted.

Zone II Polhaengoda, Timbirigasaya, Semi-luxury high-rise and

Vanathamulla, Dematagoda, mid-rise residences are being
Veluwana promoted for middle-income
earners, while high-rise
apartment projects are being
promoted for low-income
earners.

Zone III Kirula, Kirulapana, Promoted for luxury homes

Narahenpita, Pamankada for middle and high income
earners.

Table No. 6.8 : Settlement Promotion Areas and their Expected Residential Density Pattern
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
The Plan

Urba n S ett l e m e n t
D e ve lopme n t S rate rg y

I de n tify res id e ntial

areas in te rms
of s u itabil ity
for re s id ential
de vel op ment ....

Figure No. 6.22 : Settlement Promotion Areas

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Although the above-mentioned areas are identified as priority

areas for residential development, permission will be given for
single-storey, medium-storey and high-rise residential devel-
opment in other areas identified within the Colombo Municipal
Council. Zoning and building planning regulations will further
allow for luxury and ultra-luxury apartments to meet the demand
for luxury and ultra-luxury apartments in Beira Lake area, Slave
Island, Galle Face area, Kollupitiya, Union Place.

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Urban Development Authority

Also, residential rehabilitation projects have been identified Chapter 06

without any interferance to the economic, social and cultural The Plan
activities of the residents and with the aim of improving the
quality of life of the people living in unauthorized constructions ⸺
and residents specially spreaded in North and Central Colombo
Ur ban S ettlement
Area, Government reservations and areas unhealthy for resi-
D e velopment Sraterg y
dence. Furthermore, the quality of life of the low-income people
will be improved and underutilized lands will be used for optimal Iden t if y re s i d e nti a l
social and economic development activities. the proposed regu- a rea s in te r ms
lations have further provided to reduce the obstructions and of s uita b ili ty
visual disturbances to the natural sea veiw and gain that experi- for res identi a l
de vel opm e nt . . . .
ence by limiting the percentage of development land cover of the
coastal belt from Wellawatta to Colombo to a certain distance
inland and proposing to maintain the development density at a
minimum level,

Reh a b il itati o n
6.4.4. Rehabilitation of the residents of Undeserved of t h e res id e nts
settlements without disturbing their economic, social of Un des e r v e d
s ett l em en ts . . .
and cultural activities by the Urban Regeneration Pro-
ject of Urban De­velopment Authority

The urban regeneration project of the Urban Development

Authority aims to eliminate slums, shanties and dilapidated
houses in the city of Colombo by identifying low-income settle-
ments and improving the quality of life of its residents and
avoiding the housing problem. Here, it is necessary to focus on
the aspects of space, aesthetic features, availability of utilities
and basic services, community and social needs, personal health,
safety and quality. This authority has successfully completed
a large number of apartment projects and some of them are
currently under construction and some projects have been iden-
tified which are in the planning stage to be built in the future.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 Colombo Urban Regenaration Master Plan

The Plan
The Urban Development Authority has initiated the preparation
⸺ of the Colombo Urban Regeneration Master Plan (CURMP) to
provide planning guidance for all housing construction, resettle-
Urba n S ett l e m e n t ment and land redevelopment activities under the Urban Regen-
D e ve lopme n t S rate rg y eration Project.The master plan follows a cluster-based plan-
ning approach and clusters are identified based on the locations
Rehabil itation
of the res id e nts
of Colombo Urban Regeneration Projects. According to these
of U nd es e r ve d plans, cluster-based small scale house-related plans include
s ettl e ments ... small ground level interventions, including related physical and
social infrastructure improvements, environmental manage-
ment, road development and economic improvement projects.

The vision of the Colombo Urban Regeneration Master Plan is

'The Sprightly Nest of Aquarina'. The Colombo Urban Regenera-
tion Master Plan mainly covers the northern Colombo area where
the majority of urban regeneration projects are concentrated.
In addition, it also includes several other areas that fall beyond
northern Colombo but are covered by major urban regenera-
tion projects. The three goals of the Colombo Urban Regenera-
tion Master Plan are 1) a re-active development with a valuable
aesthetic environment, 2) a high-demand residential area of the
city of Colombo 3) an efficiently active, diverse and high-value
economic space in the city of Colombo.

At the initial stage, five (05) clusters have been identified for
detailed planning in the Colombo Urban Regeneration Master
Plan and three clusters plans have already been completed. In
addition, based on two housing projects under the Urban Regen-
eration Program, small area cluster plan has been prepared for
D. M. Colombage Mawatha area.

Identified five clusters are follows

1. Bloemendhal – Kimbula Ela Cluster

2. Henamulla Cluster
3. Maligawatta Cluster
4. Wanathamulla Cluster
5. Samittpura Cluster

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Urban Development Authority

The cluster plans of the Urban Regeneration Master Plan and Chapter 06
the proposals under those plans have been incorporated into The Plan
the City Development Plan subject to the condition that they
must be consistent with the overall concept and proposals of the ⸺
Colombo City Development Plan. Brief details of these cluster
Ur ban S ettlement
plans and conceptual designs are given in Annexure 3.
D e velopment Sraterg y

Reh a b il itati o n
of t h e res id e nts
of Un des e r v e d
s ett l em en ts . . .

Figure No. 6.23 : Projects Identified under the Colombo Urban Regeneration Project
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Accordingly, the following table shows the projects implemented

and completed by the authority with the aim of improving the
living conditions of low-income earners

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
Number of
No Name and Location of the Project
The Plan Housing Units

01 Mihidusenpura, Dematagoda 500

⸺
02 Puradorasevana, Orugudawatta 34

Urba n S ett l e m e n t 03 Sirisara Uyana, Borella 718

D e ve lopme n t S rate rg y 04 Metsara Uyana, Borella 430

Rehabil itation 05 Sirisandha Sevana, Blumenthal 366

of the res id e nts 06 Lakmutusevana, Wellawatta 118
of U nd es e r ve d
s ettl e ments ... 07 Randiyauyana, Henamulla 1137

08 Sirimuthuuyana, Edirisingawatta 546

09 Muwadora Uyana, Ferguson Road 618

10 Laksadasevana, Salamulla 1008

11 Siyasethasewana, Pradeepa mawatha 266

12 Jayamagasevana, Blumenthal 68

13 Lakhiru Sevana, Maligawatta 576

14 Laksetha Sevana, Maligawatta 480

15 Metsada Sevana, Henamulla 941

16 Siyapatsewana, Dematagoda 703

17 Sathirusevana, Henamulla 672

18 Mahijaya Sevana, Henamulla 1647

19 Helamutusevana, Henamulla 1076

20 Ranmithu Uyana, Henamulla 576

21 Muwadora Uyana 2, Ferguson Road 254

22 Maligawatta Apartments 192

23 Palangusthuduwa, Borella 608

Table No. 6.9 : Implemented and Completed Urban Regeneration Projects

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 06
The Plan

Ur ban S ettlement
D e velopment Sraterg y

Reh a b il itati o n
of t h e res id e nts
of Un des e r v e d
s ett l em en ts . . .

Figure No. 6.24 : Sahaspura Housing Scheme

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Figure No. 6.25 : Methsara UyanaHouse Scheme

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

The following table shows the housing projects currently being

implemented by this authority with the aim of improving the
livelihood of low income earners.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
Number of
No Name and Location of the Project
The Plan Housing Units

01 Kalinga Mawatha Housing Project 528

⸺
02 601 Watta Housing Project 450
Urba n S ett l e m e n t
03 Maligawatta Housing Project 192
D e ve lopme n t S rate rg y
Colombage Mawatha Housing Projects
04 1239
(AIIB and URP)
Rehabil itation
of the res id e nts 05 Torrington Housing Project 115
of U nd es e r ve d
s ettl e ments ... 06 Obeysekarapura Housing Project 300

07 Stadiumgama Housing Project 1000

08 Apple Watta 2 Housing Project 700

09 Ferguson Road Housing Project 750

10 Madampitiya Housing Project 700

Table No. 6.10 : Housing projects currently in progress

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

P ro p os ed hou s ing 6.4.5. Proposed housing projects for middle and upper
p roj e cts for mid d l e and
u p p er mid d l e - middle-income earners
i ncome earne rs
The Government of Sri Lanka has started a project to provide
affordable housing units and rental houses for public and private
sector employees. The implementation of the housing program
will be done jointly by the Urban Development Authority,
National Housing Development Authority and Urban Settlement
Development Authority. The program will be benefited for the
middle-income earners who are mainly employed in govern-
ment and private sector organizations and are unable to afford
a house within a reasonable distance from their working place.
Accordingly, in identifying suitable locations for project imple-
mentation, the area is considered within a radius of 03 km from
the main city centers providing highway and railway services.
And also, construction activities of the luxury apartments with
all infrastructure is being done for the upper middle income
group, through the identified projects. Under this, the following
housing projects have been identified for implementation within
the Colombo Municipal Council (Map No. 6.5).

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 06
Number of
No Name and Location of the Project
Housing Units The Plan

01 Elliot Place Housing Project, Borella 400

⸺
02 StadiumGagama Housing Project 210
Ur ban S ettlement
03 Summit Flats, Kappetipola Avenue 400
D e velopment Sraterg y

Table No. 6.11 : Proposed housing projects for middle and upper middle-income earners P ropos ed h o u s i ng
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021 projects fo r mi d d l e a nd
upper m id d l e -
in com e ea r ne r s

6.4.6. Redevelopment Projects - Residential Rede vel op me nt

P rojects - Re s i d e nti a l

The underutilized lands spreaded in the core area of Colombo,

having high tourism attraction and potential for development
& value are directed to the Redevelopment Projects through a
precise plan. Through this concept, it is expected to increase the
quality of life of its residents by identifying settlement areas
with irregular and minimal infrastructure, increase the social
and environmental trends, developing it in a way to meet the
surrounding urban characteristics, and providing support to the
national economy through the optimal development of valu-
able land. Residential flats with all the necessary infrastructure
for living through local or foreign investors without receiving
direct government financial assistance are provided in the
current residences and the people are settled there and the rest
of the land is given to promoters on a lease basis for investment
opportunities.

This authority introduced the First Redevelopment Residential

Project in the year 2010 based on Colombo 02, Slave Island and
the surrounding area. As the residential projects implemented in
this way, the "Metro Houses-Semi-Luxury" project consisting of
664 housing units under the Slave Island Redevelopment Project
Phase 1 near Justice Akbar Mawatha and Malay Street and the
Slave Island Redevelopment Project Phase II was implemented
near Railway Lane.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
The Plan

Urba n S ett l e m e n t
D e ve lopme n t S rate rg y

Re d e vel op ment
P roj e cts - Res id e ntial

Figure No. 6.26 : Slave Island Housing Project -I Figure No. 6.27 : Slave Island Housing
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021 Project -II | Source : Uban Development
Authority, 2021

Also, the following residential areas have been identified for

redevelopment in the future.

I. Navam Mawatha- Railway Station Lane, Justice Akbar Mawatha, Cluster of

houses around Navam Mawatha (Figure No. 6.28)
II. Vauxhall Street Houses (Figure 6.29)
III. Hatbodhiwatta Houses (Figure 6.30)
IV. Kollupitiya Housing Redevelopment Project (Figure 6.31)

Figure No. 6.28 : Nawam Mawatha Housing Redevelopment Project

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 06
The Plan

Ur ban S ettlement
D e velopment Sraterg y

Rede vel op me nt
P rojects - Re s i d e nti a l

Figure No. 6.29 : Vaxshall Sreet Redevelopment Project

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Figure No. 6.30 : Hathbodhiya wattta Housing Redevelopment Project

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Figure No. 6.31 : Kollupitiya Housing Redevelopment Project

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
The Plan

Eco n o m i c
De ve lopme n t St rateg y

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY

The Economic Development Strategy defines the methodology for

achieving the established Economic Goals of Sri Lanka through
the economic benefits generated by space and physical devel-
opment in an area. Accordingly, through the well- managing of
public and private sectors intervention, the quality of the phys-
ical development of the city will be regulated.

To brand Colombo as an International Economic Hub, port-re-

lated logistic services and real Estate developments are promoted
through the Economic Development Plan. The physical develop-
ment is handled to establish a robust local economy by creating
a market space for New Township Development Projects, Mixed
Development Projects and Small- Scale Businesses. Further-
more, the waterfront areas are promoted for Tourism-Related
Real Estate Developments, to encourage the tourism industry.

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Urban Development Authority

6.5 Economic Development Strategy Chapter 06

The Plan

Urban Economic Development Strategy provides a direct inter-

⸺
vention for the spatial and physical development of the area.
Accordingly, the quality of the physical development of a city and
Econ omi c
its existence, is regulated by the Economic Plan and the inter-
D e velopment Strateg y
vention of the public and private sectors will be well managed.

6.5.1. Objective of the Plan O bject ive o f the Pl a n

The objective of the Economic Development Strategy is to

manage the required Financial Mechanism and Market Invest-
ment Opportunities, to achieve the desired vision and spatial
model of the city of Colombo. Accordingly, the City of Colombo
will become a leading National Economic Hub and an Interna-
tional Economic Hub which reaches to a competitive level with
other countries, by managing the city’s Real Estate Development,
Port and allied services, tourism industry, construction industry,
local economy, retail and wholesale market, information tech-
nology and other financial and service-related activities.

6.5.2. Scope of the Plan S cope of th e Pl a n

Through the Economic Development Plan, Port-Related Logistic

Services and Real Estate Developments, contribute to brand
Colombo an International Economic Hub, and introduces strat-
egies to create a market place for new Township development
projects, mixed development projects, and small-scale entre-
preneurs at the local level. In addition, property development
related to the watershed area will promote tourism industry.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Map No. 6.6 : Total Economic Development Plan of Colombo Municipal Council Area
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

6.5.3. Port Related Logistic Services Development Chapter 06

The Plan

Internationally, the Port of Colombo has become one of the

busiest shipping hubs due to its strategic location on the Inter- ⸺
national Sea Route. According to the Alphinar Rankings 2017, the
Econ omi c
Port of Colombo is ranked among the top 25 ports in the world.
D e velopment Strateg y
The construction of the Colombo Port International Container
Terminal, has given the ability to handle over 6 million of Por t Rel ate d Lo g i sti c
containers in 2017. S er vices D e v e l o p me nt

Figure No. 6.32 : Marine Transport Density Map

Source : Sri Lanka National Export Strategy : Services and Supply Strategy, 2018–2022

I. Port Expansion Project

The Sri Lanka Ports Authority (SLPA) has launched the Colombo
Port Expansion Project with the objective to provide supply
for the growing demand of services in the National Shipping
Industry. As the first phase, 5.7 km long main breakwater, the 1.6
km long secondary breakwater and the 9 km long access canal
was completed in year 2012.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 In addition, the operations of the Colombo International Con-

The Plan tainer Terminal, which was completed in 2013, have already
commenced its operations. The Eastern Container Terminal
⸺ consists of 1200m long dockyard and under the first phase,
the construction work of 440 m long dockyard was completed
Eco n o m i c
in 2015.
De ve lopme n t St rateg y

Po r t Rel ate d Logistic

The Eastern Container Terminal is proposed to be constructed
S e r v i ce s De vel op ment with a depth of 18 m and as the second deepest dockyard of
South Port. Once the constructions are completed, it will be able
to handle 2.4 million containers annually.

In addition, development work of the Colombo North Port, is to

be completed under Four Phases.

I. Pre-Development Activities (2026-2029)

Mutwal Tunnel Replacement, Removal and replacement of existing oil
pipelines
II. Colombo North Port Construction Phase 1 (2029–2031)
Construction of breakwater, preparation of land required for
container containers
III. Colombo North Port Construction Phase (2032–2033)
Construction of First Container Terminal in 1400 m and 1600 m
length and construction of ancillary facilities
IV. Colombo North Port Construction Phase 3 (2036–2047)
Construction of additional container terminals on demand of
every 5-10 years.

II. Development of Bloemendal area for Port Related Services.

It is proposed to implement the Port Related Facility Develop-

ment Project in the North Colombo; Bloemandhal area, close to
the Port of Colombo. More than 50% of the land in the proposed
project area can be described as underutilized land. Corre-
spondingly, about 40% of the land can be released for optimal
development activities and many of the Low-Income Settlements
in the said area have already been relocated under the Urban
Regeneration Project implemented by the Urban Development
Authority. Accordingly, the implementation of this project will
enhance cargo handling capacity, improve efficient customs and
port operations and improve living & recreational facilities.

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 06
The Plan

Econ omi c
D e velopment Strateg y

Por t Rel ate d Lo g i sti c

S er vices D e v e l o p me nt

Figure No. 6.33 : Project Area of Port Related Facility Development

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

6.5.4. Large Scale Real Estate Development and L a rge S ca l e Rea l Estate
De vel opm e nt a nd
Management Projects M a n a gem e nt Proj e cts

I. Colombo Port City Project

On behalf of the Government of Sri Lanka, the Ministry of Urban

Development, the Urban Development Authority and CHEC Company
jointly initiated the development to reclaim approximately 269 hecta-
res of an area. It is expected to attract around US $15 billion foreign
investment, with the main objective to brand the Colombo Port City as
the prime International Financial City in the South Asian region.

Land development, regulation and disposal of these lands re-

lease for investment opportunities will be carried out through
the Port City Economic Commission established in the year 2021.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
The Plan

Eco n o m i c
De ve lopme n t St rateg y

L a rge S cal e Real E state

D e vel op ment and
M a n a gement Proje cts

Figure No. 6.34 : Colombo Port City Project

Source : Sri Lanka Port Authority, 2021, Colombo Port City Project, 2021

II. Beira Lake related development projects

The Foreign Direct Investments have been discouraged due to

lack of adequate supply and non availability of proper land
disposal system to meet the high demand for investment oppor-
tunities in the Colombo City. Therefore, it is expected to attract
Foreign Direct Investment into the country by facilitating and
smoothing of the land disposal system and by regulating the
development.

Furthermore, the promotion prominent uses of the Beira lake

related Development Zone such as hotel sector related uses,
office spaces, public recreation areas, water sports, etc, also
contributes to the tourism industry.

The project aims to release nearly 312 hectares of land in ex-

tent, for development activities concentrated on Beira Lake.
Accordingly, encouraging the development of Beira Lake and its
adjoining waterfront areas, promoting tourism and public recre-
ational activities are the main objectives of this project.

Accordingly, lands that can catalyze development have already

been identified and guidelines has been prepared by the Urban
Development Authority. By that, most of the underutilized lands
that are being developed will be enabled to use for high-rise
mixed development activities.

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 06
The Plan

Econ omi c
D e velopment Strateg y

L a rge S ca l e Rea l Estate

De vel opm e nt a nd
M a n a gem e nt Proj e cts

Figure No. 6.35 : Beira Lake Development Project

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

III. Maritime City Development Project

The city of Colombo is currently being transformed into a busi-

ness, tourism and leisure destination for local and foreign tour-
ists. Also, adequate beaches and open spaces are not located
near the Colombo City and the existing recreational facilities
at Galle Face Green is not sufficient to meet current and future
demands. Accordingly, the creation of a new beach strip along
the west coast within the city limits of Colombo with the primary
objective of providing recreational facilities has been identified
as a matter of urgency.

The proposed coastal area has been defined as the Maritime City
and it will attract local and foreign investments to the Colombo
City while uplifting the Colombo’s tourism industry of to a more
competitive level. Furthermore, this project will create an inter-
national level recreational beach in the South Asian region.

Accordingly, the Maritime City Project has been identified to be

implemented by reclaiming the sea in an area of about 6.2 kilo-
meters from Kollupitiya to Wellawatta and an area of about 216
hectares. The development work will be completed by the year
2024 in collaboration of the Urban Development Authority and
the Department of Coastal Conservation and Coastal Resource
Management.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 The proposed project is designed to create a beach for public

The Plan recreation. Out of this reclaimed land, a land area of 20 hectares
will be used for commercial development and the rest of the land
⸺ will be used for recreational purposes.

Eco n o m i c
De ve lopme n t St rateg y

L a rge S cal e Real E state

D e vel op ment and
M a n a gement Proje cts

Figure No. 6.36 : Maritime City Development Project

Source : Maritime City Development Project, Urban Development Authority, 2021

Ne w Towns hip 6.5.5. New Township Development Projects

D e v e l o p me nt P rojects

The Colombo Municipal Council area as well as other major cities

in the vicinity make a significant contribution to the economic
development of the overall planning area. Accordingly, under
this New Township Development projects have been identified
and the existing economic mechanisms of the city have been
strengthened.

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Urban Development Authority

(a). New Town Development Project, Narahenpita Chapter 06

The Plan
The Narahenpita New Township Development Project has been
identified with the objective of utilizing the currently underuti- ⸺
lized lands in the vicinity of Narahenpita, Kirimandala Mawatha
and adjoining area for optimal urban development activities. Econ omi c

Accordingly, the existing demand for land for public utility D e velopment Strateg y

facilities in the city of Colombo will have to be managed and Ne w Tow ns hi p

new development and investment opportunities will have to be De vel opm e nt Proj e cts
provided under this.

Accordingly, a land area of nearly 50 acres has been identified

under Section and the Narahenpita Town Development Plan is
being prepared to manage the increasing land demand seen in
the commercial city of Colombo and adapt to the existing land
use pattern in the area. According to the plan, facilities have
been identified for higher education facilities, health facilities,
commercial development activities, residential development
activities and public recreational activities.

Figure No. 6.37 : Narahenpita New Township Development Project

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 (b). Borella New Township Development Project

The Plan
The main objective of this project is to plan the urban devel-
⸺ opment activities and the urban economic mechanism in a
more efficient and effective manner, centered on Borella city,
Eco n o m i c in conjunction with the proposed infrastructure development
De ve lopme n t St rateg y projects. Accordingly, the proposed light rail line (Colombo
Metro Project) running through the city of Borella will identify
Ne w Towns hip
D e v e l o p me nt P rojects the lands that are not fully utilized for the development activi-
ties and contribute to the optimal development activities.

Under the above project, Market Complexes, Residential Devel-

opment Projects, Business Development Projects and Common
Facilities will be provided to the city.

Figure No. 6.38 : Borella New Township Development Project

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

6.5.5.1. Release of land owned by the Urban Development Au-

thority for new investment opportunities.

A major function of urban development is to systematically

manage the physical plan of a city, thereby creating space for
economic and social stability. Accordingly, by using the land-
owned by the Urban Development Authority having an economic
value, for optimal development opportunities, investment

234
Urban Development Authority

opportunities will expand, foreign investments will flow into the Chapter 06
country and economic and social balance will be created on the The Plan
basis of orderly physical development. Accordingly, the lands
listed below, which are currently owned by the Urban Develop- ⸺
ment Authority and have not been contributed for development
Econ omi c
activities, are proposed to be used for investment activities.
D e velopment Strateg y

Ne w Tow ns hi p
De vel opm e nt Proj e cts
Development
Name of the Land Extent
Nature

Mixed
1. 537 Watta Dematagoda, 3 Acre 2 Rood
Development

Panchikawatta Mixed 3 Rood

2.
(Abesingharama Mawatha) Development 35 Perches

Mixed
3. Kollupitiya Cooper’s Hill Land 12.28 Perches
Development

Mixed Approximately
4. Charmer’s Granary Land
Development 9 Acre

Mixed
5. Lockgate Watta 0.9 Hectare
Development

Tractor Corporation located Mixed

6. 1.76 Hectare
land- Narahenpita Development

Table No. 6.12 : Lands release for investment opportunities, owned by the Urban
Development Authority | Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

6.5.5.2. Use underutilized Government-Owned lands having a

development potential for investment opportunities

Through the development plan, the currently underutilized

lands having a high economic value, located within the juris-
diction of the Colombo Municipal Council are identified and it
is proposed to direct those lands for optimal urban development
activities. For this purpose, underutilized lands owned by the
Sri Lanka Police and the Sri Lanka Railway Department has been
identified, It is suggested to maintain the current uses and func-
tions of those premises without any interruption to meet the
needs of the relevant institutions while the balance lands use
for urban development activities.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
Land Extent expected to
Proposed
The Plan Location utilize for development
Use
(Approximately in Acres)

⸺ 1.
19 th Lane Kollupitiya,
0.5
Mix
Police Land Development

Eco n o m i c Bambalapitiya Mix

2. 1
Police Land Development
De ve lopme n t St rateg y
A part of the Slave Island Mix
3. 1.5
Ne w Towns hip Police Station located land Development
D e v e l o p me nt P rojects
A part of the Borella Police Mix
4. 2.5
Station located land Development

Table No. 6.13 : Underutilized Lands proposed to use for Urban Development owned by the Sri
Lanka Police | Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Land Extent expected to

Proposed
Location utilize for development
Use
(Approximately in Acres)

Urban
Mount Merry Land,
1. 11A 2R 13P Development
Dematagoda
Activities

Railway Department Mix

2. 8A
Quarters, Dematagoda Development

3. Bastian Mawatha 60P , 70P Car parking

T.B.Jaya Mawatha
4. 70P Car parking
Railway Land

P.D.S.Kularathne Mawatha,
5. 100A Car parking
Colombo 10

Urban
6 Kolamba Gedara Land 1A 10P Development
Activities

Table No. 6.14 : Underutilized Lands proposed to use for Urban Development, owned by the
Sri Lanka Railway Department | Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

236
Urban Development Authority

6.5.5.3. Contribute to investment opportunities through Chapter 06

The Plan
redevelopment projects

⸺
Project Name Nature of Developmet Extent
Econ omi c
Nawam Mawatha D e velopment Strateg y
1. Mix Development 23 Acres
Redevelopment Project

Vaxall Street Ne w Tow ns hi p

2. Mix Development 12 Acres
Redevelopment Project De vel opm e nt Proj e cts

Table No. 6.15 : Contribute to investment opportunities through redevelopment projects

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

6.5.6. Other lands identified for Urban O t h er l a n d s i d e nti f i e d

for Ur ba n
Development and Regeneration De vel opm e nt a nd
Regen erat i o n
Lands with high development potential that need to be used for
the future needs or economic development activities of Colombo
City, are identified and it is proposed to utilize those lands
for optimal urban development activities as per the current
requirements. Accordingly, those identified lands are shown in
Table No. 6.16.

Extent of the Land

Location / Land
(Approximately)

1. Department of Motor Traffic, Elvitigala 1 Acres 3 Rood

Land locate in the Colombo 2

2. 3 Rood
Baladaksha Mawatha

3. Otters Activity Club, Colombo 07 2 Acres 3 Rood

4. 80 Club Colombo 07 1 Acres 2 Rood

5. Land located in Muttaia Road Colombo 02 3 Acres

Land bearing No 11, Sir Baron Jayathilake

6. 1 Rood
Mawatha

5 Acres 1 Rood and 2

7. Mattakkuliya, Rawatta
Acres – 2 lots

Madampitiya 75 Watta and

8. 11 Acres
Nagalagam Street Land

3 Acres 3 Rood and 1

9. Land located in Dematagoda Aramaya Place
Acres 3 Rood -2 lots

Table No. 6.16 : Other Lands identified for urban development activities
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 6.5.7. Projects to Empower the Local Economy

The Plan

Since the survival of the entire economy depends on the local

⸺ economy which is being more efficient and smoother, empow-
ering the locally spread business sector and modernizing the
Eco n o m i c
markets have been identified as the main objective here.
De ve lopme n t St rateg y

P roj e cts to E mp ower 6.5.7.1. Public Market Development Projects

t h e Local Economy
Kollupitiya, Bambalapitiya, Borella, Narahenpita, which are
located outside the Colombo Capital, have been identified for
redevelopment and modernization as public shopping malls
with high economic contribution.

Location Land Extent Nature of the Development

Kollupitiya Approximately 109 Public Market and Mix

1.
Public Market Perches Development

Bambalapitiya Approximately 40 Public Market and Mix

2.
Public Market Perches Development

Narahenpita Approximately 240 Public Market and Mix

3.
Public Market Perches Development

Table No. 6.17 : Proposed Public Market Development Projects

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

6.5.7.2. Retail Stores Development Projects

The process of getting goods and services into the hands of

consumers is called retailing, and it is a major part of the local
economy. It is more essential to strengthen the mechanism to
meet customer needs and maintain the stability of the trade
mechanism. Therefore, this will work towards achieving devel-
opment goals through strengthening the local economy based
on regionally spread retail stores.

238
Urban Development Authority

Accordingly, through this project identification of the most Chapter 06

attractive and marketable places for the business sector engaged The Plan
in business activities in and around Colombo Manning Market
and introducing smoother market mechanism will be done. ⸺
Under Phase I, businessmen who are currently doing business
Econ omi c
in connection with the Manning Market, will be relocated to
D e velopment Strateg y
the proposed three-storey commercial building, in front of the
'World Market' shopping center. Further, the railway line, the P rojects to Emp o w e r
'World Market' shopping centre and the Olcott public car park t h e Loca l Eco no my
will be inter connected.

6.5.8. Tourism Industry Related Developments Tour is m Ind u str y

Rel ated De v e l o p me nts

The vision of Sri Lanka Travel Strategic Plans 2017-2020 is to

make Sri Lanka the best island in the world for memorable and
diverse experiences. Colombo city has been recognized as a major
tourist hub, and according to the Johns Lang Lasell - 2016 report,
it has been recognized that a tourist who spends an average of 10
days on a trip spends at least 2 days in Colombo city.

Accordingly, the following areas have been identified for the

development of the tourism industry associated with the city of
Colombo.

• Sun and beach tourism

• Culture and heritage tourism
• Fashion tourism industry
• Waterfront tourism industry
• Tourism industry related to boats and other vessels
• Nature tourism industry
• Tourism industry related to night activities

Considering the current projects and achievements, various

tourism zones have been identified for the promotion of the
tourism industry. Accordingly, the catalyst projects proposed to
be implemented in those regions are discussed below.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
Name of the The area under the Tourism sector to be
The Plan Tourism Zone tourism zone promoted

⸺ 1. Coastal About 15 Km beach strip • Coastal tourism industry

Tourism Zone from Modara to • Boating and yachting
Wellawatta. tourism industry
Eco n o m i c • Tourism industry with
night activities
De ve lopme n t St rateg y
2. Kelani River About 4.2 km section • Waterfront tourism
Tou ris m Ind u str y based waterfront from Mattakkuliya to industry
Re l ate d De ve l op me nts tourism zone Nagalagam Street • Boating and yachting
tourism industry

3. Canal-based St. Sebastian Canal • Waterfront tourism

Tourism Zone Wellawatta, Kirulapana industry
Canal, Heen Canal • Tourism industry related to
night activities
• Culinary tourism

4. Colombo Special Greater Colombo • Waterfront tourism

Tourism Zone Metropolitan Area industry
including Pettah, Beira • Tourism industry related to
Lake area, Colombo night activities
Port City, Kollupitiya, • Culinary tourism
Bambalapitiya, Colombo
07, Borella, Narahenpita

5. Colonial Colombo Fort, Pettah • Tourism industry related to

Heritage Zone Marine Mawatha, development heritage
Colombo Harbour • Waterfront tourism
industry
• Tourism industry related to
night activities
• Culinary tourism

Table No. 6.18 : Proposed Tourism Zones to promote Tourism Industry

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

The following projects have been identified as catalyst projects

to promote tourism areas and have been discussed under the
Sustainable Environmental Development Strategy.

• Colombo Port City Project

• Maritime City Development Project
• Sebastian Canal Project (3.6 km)
• The project related to the section up to Kelani Ganga Estuary and
Nagalagam Street
• Beira Lake Development Project
• Project related to Wellawatta Canal
• Project related to Dematagoda Canal
• Colonial Heritage Preservation Project

240
Urban Development Authority

Chapter 06
The Plan

S ustai n able
E n vi ron ment Strateg y

SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT
STRATEGY

6.6. Sustainable Environment Strategy

In the past, the city of Colombo can be introduced as a city
which was nourished by the most biologically important ecosys-
tems, namely; wetlands, a network of canals, and an associated
micro-hydrological system. However, with the onset of human
settlement, these ecosystems gradually began to degrade due
to human activities. At present, most of the wetlands and water
sources have been depleted, and the interrelationship between
these systems has broken down.

O bject ives o f th e Pl a n
6.6.1. Objectives of the Plan

It is expected to uphold a respectable interrelationship between

green spaces and blue spaces in transforming the city of Colombo
into the "Blue City of South Asia", which is the vision of the
Colombo City Development Plan. Also, the objective is to utilize
these blue- green spaces for the future development of the city
and to ensure the higher level of accessibility for those green
spaces to the city residents and users of the city. Furthermore,
safeguard a standard level of mental health of the residents and
commuters in the area, disaster management, conservation and
sustainable use of environmental resources can be stated as the
objectives of this plan.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 6.6.2. Scope of the Plan

The Plan

The Sustainable Environment Strategy consists of plans such

⸺ as Environmental Conservation Plan, Public Open Recreation
Space Plan and Disaster Mitigation Plan. The planning period
S u sta i n a bl e
of this strategy will be 2021-2030. Furthermore, most of the
Envi ronme n t St rateg y
projects included in this plan are mid-term projects, and long-
S cop e of the P l an
term projects have also been identified. In this way, through the
implementation of the Sustainable Environmental Strategy, the
objectives of the Colombo City Development Plan: "The World's
Most Sought-Waterfront Business Environment Experience" and
"Revitalized Internationally Renowned Green Garden City Of
South Asia" will be achieved.

242
Urban Development Authority

Map No. 6.7 : Sustainable Environment Plan of Colombo Municipal Council Area
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

243
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 6.6.3. Environment Conservation Plan

The Plan

The Kelani River, Beira Lake, Coastal Belt, St. Sebastian Canal,
⸺ Dematagoda Canal, Kinda Canal, Kirulapone Canal, Wellawatta
Canal, Dehiwala Canal, Torrington Canal and Heen Canal are
S u sta i n a bl e
widespread natural wetland areas in the vicinity of the Colombo
Envi ronme n t St rateg y
Municipal Council. Meanwhile, the environmental conservation
E nvironme nt
plan introduces regulations for the conservation of those ecolog-
C o ns e r vation P l an ically sensitive areas, and introduces strategies to reduce envi-
ronmental degradation that may occur through human activities
including illegal acquisitions. Accordingly, the environmental
conservation plan can be implemented in a very short time, but
the positive impact on the environment will be long-term.

6.6.3.1. Identification of Reservation zones to

activate aqua corridors

(a). Canal Reservations

In order to prevent water source pollution and to prevent illegal

dumping and encroachment, it has been recognized to enforce
the canal reservations published by the Sri Lanka Land Develop-
ment Corporation as given in Table No. 6.19.

Reservation to be maintained from the canal

Width of the Canal
Open Canal (Meters) Closed Canal (Meters)

1.0 to 1.2 1.0 0.3

1.3 to 3.0 2.0 1.0

3.1 to 4.5 2.75 1.0

4.6 to 6.0 3.5 1.5

6.1 to 9.0 4.5 1.5

More than 9.0 6.5 2.0

Table No. 6.19 : Canal Reservations

Source : Land Development Corporation of Sri Lanka, 2021

244
Urban Development Authority

(b). Kelani River Reservation and Beira Lake Reservation Chapter 06

The Plan
According to the Irrigation Act 1924, the Irrigation Act 1951 and
the Flood Prevention Act 1971, the Kelani river reservation of the ⸺
Kelani river area is 60 feet from the banks of the Kelani River.
The Beira Lake Reservation established by the Sri Lanka Land S ustai n able

Development Corporation is 6.5 meters from its banks. E n vi ron ment Strateg y

E n viron m e nt
(c). Coastal Reservations C on s er vat i o n Pl a n

According to the Coastal Protection Act No. 57 of 1987, the

legal area of the coastal zone is the area within a limit of 300
meters from the mid-tide line towards the land and 2 km from
the mid-tide line towards the sea. In the case of rivers, streams,
lakes or any other body of water permanently or temporarily
connected to the sea, the landward boundary shall extend
to a limit of 2 km measured perpendicular to a straight line
drawn between their other natural point of entry, and so to
the sea. It includes associated rivers, streams and lagoons or
any other body of water. Accordingly, for the development
works carried out in these areas, should obtain the Coastal
Conservation Department's planning clearance or approval for
development work.

6.6.3.2. Improvements and cleaning of existing water sources

within the city of Colombo

Since it has been identified that 90% of the existing waterways

within the Colombo Municipal Council area are polluted, the
following canals should be cleaned and improved.

Length of Water sources to be

Water Source
improved and cleaned km

Kalani River 4.3

St. Sebastian Canal 4.2

Torrington Canal 1.6

Wellawatta canal 4.3

Heen Ela 2.2

Beira Lake 10.2

Table No. 6.20 : Water sources to be improved and cleaned

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

245
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 6.6.4. Spatial Plan for Proposed Public Outdoor

The Plan Recreation Facilities
⸺ According to the consensus of the "Spatial and Design Standards
for Urban Development" workshop held by the Urban Develop-
S u sta i n a bl e
ment Authority in April 1983, it has been decided that an area
Envi ronme n t St rateg y
of at least 1.4 hectares (3.5 acres) should be set aside for 1000
Spatial Pl an for
people as the standard for public outdoor recreation areas.
Prop os e d However, in a city the above standard has also been allowed to
Pu bl ic Ou td oor revise by considering the changes in the natural and social envi-
Re c reation Facil itie s
ronment associated with future development.

Accordingly, in the year 2020, 556 hectares of public outdoor

recreational facilities are required for the resident population
of the Colombo Municipal Council area, but currently there is
only 200 hectares of public outdoor recreational facilities avail-
able.

Also, since the predicted residential population for the year

2030 is about 634,000, considering the standard value, the area
of public outdoor recreation facilities required by the residen-
tial population is 900 hectares.

Accordingly, the following strategies have been identified to

increase the space for public outdoor recreation facilities avail-
able in the city of Colombo.

• Creation of linear parks within the reservation areas on both sides of

the water bodies which are connecting Colombo Municipal Council Area
with other adjacent areas.
• Also creating small parks as tree-planted areas for the areas with
high surface temperature and developing as linear parks on the sides
of roads.
• Development of open spaces as urban parks identified under the
proposed catalyst projects in the city of Colombo.

The amount of public outdoor recreation facilities and the type

of parks available in the jurisdiction of the Colombo Municipal
Council in the year 2020 is given in Annexure 4.

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Urban Development Authority

6.6.4.1. Waterfront Linear Parks Developments Chapter 06

The Plan
Along the 4.2 km long Kelani River, the 5.2 km long St. Sebas-
tian Canal and the 3.8 km Wellawatta Canal as well as the Dema- ⸺
tagoda Canal reservation will consist of special green areas,
walking lanes and recreational and tourism-enhanced public S ustai n able
E n vi ron ment Strateg y
spaces. The aim is to minimize the impact on water resources and
reservations due to unauthorized low-income housing located
S pat ia l P l an fo r
on both sides of the St. Sebastian Canal and the Kelani River P ropos ed
as identified in the background analysis. The waterfront linear P ubl ic O utd o o r
park developments are shown in Table No. 6.21. Recreat ion Fa c i l i ti e s

Linear Parks Length of Linear Extent

Park (km) (Ha)

Kelani River Left Bank Linear Park 4.3 25.8

4.3k.m. × 60m

Beira Lake Linear Park 10. 2 6.68

5.2 km × 6.5m

Dematagoda Canal Linear Park Dehiwala 3.8 2.5

Wellawatta canal Linear Park 3.8 3.38

Sebastian Canal Linear Park from 3.0 5.4

Pettah to Peliyagoda – 4.2km × 6.5m

Kirulapone Canala Linear Park 3.6

Kinda Canal 4.7 3.0

Table No. 6.21 : Proposed Spatial Plan for Public Outdoor Recreational Facilities
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

6.6.4.2. Proposed Green Boulavards

It is proposed to develop the roads shown in Table No. 6.22 as

linear parks with the aim of creating comfortable urban spaces
for the people migrating to the Colombo city by reducing the
urban temperature in the areas with high building density
and high surface temperature, improving the visual quality,
increasing the living standards of the residents, giving a new
face to the city, improving physical and mental condition of the
public by directing them for walking and reducing air pollution.
This improves the living standards of the public.

247
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 Furthemore, it has been proposed to plant plants/trees/vines

The Plan which absorb a high volume of Carbon Dioxid, along road sides
or center line of identified roads, while adopting to a Landscape
⸺ Plan. Accordingly, those green boulavards will act as natural
wind flows to create a systematic wind circulation pattern in the
S u sta i n a bl e
city while increasing the green density of the area.
Envi ronme n t St rateg y

Spatial Pl an for
Prop os e d No. Road Length Extent
Pu bl ic Ou td oor km hectares
Re c reation Facil itie s
1. From Kota Road Junction to Ayurveda Junction 2.54 0.25

2. Kollupitiya Railway Station Road 0.26 0.03

3. Bambalapitiya Railway Station Road 0.44 0.04

4. Bambalapitiya Railway Station Mawatha 0.68 0.068

5. Mattakulia Church Road 2.68 0.27

6. High Level Road - up to Tummulla Junction 8.66 0.87

7. Sir Ramanathan Avenue and Aluth Mawatha 10.10 1.01

Ferguson Road

8. Baseline Road 15.52 1.55

9. Dudley Senanayake Mawatha to Sri 1.92 0.19

Jayawardenepura Road

10. Castle Street 1.62 0.16

11. Justice Akbar Avenue 1.6 0.16

12. Improve visual quality 3.5 0.35

13. From Tummulla Junction to Havelocktown 2 0.2

14. From Galle Road along St. Michael's Road to St. 0.4 0.04
Michael's Roundabout

Table No. 6.22 : Proposed Green Boulavards

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Reconstruction of Roundabouts, Triangles and Center Islands

In addition to the roads identified in Table No. 6.22 above, the

Colombo Municipal Council and the Ministry of Environment
jointly launched a project to plant 100,000 new trees in the juris-
diction of the Colombo Municipality under the theme "Let's save
a tree for Colombo" in the year 2021.

248
Urban Development Authority

The main objectives of this project are to introduce plant species Chapter 06
that can be grown in a small space for the people living in apart- The Plan
ments by involving them directly in the project and to estab-
lish a fruit garden with rare fruits to educate the children of ⸺
the Colombo Municipal Council. It has been implemented by
S ustai n able
planting 100,000 trees in the council area.
E n vi ron ment Strateg y

Also, it is expected to enhance the beautification of the phys- S pat ia l P l an fo r

ical environment of the city through the reconstruction of the P ropos ed
existing roundabouts, triangles and center islands of the roads P ubl ic O utd o o r
identified for development under this project. Recreat ion Fa c i l i ti e s

extent
No Roundabouts, Triangles and Center Islands
(sq.m)

Roundabouts

1 George R de Silva Mawatha (Kotahena) 173

George R de Silva Mawatha, Jumpetta Street Junction,

2 16
Perera Avenue

3 Vauxhall Street Road Junction 30

4 Liberty Plaza Junction, Dharmapala Mawatha Junction 200

Chithappalam A. Gardner Mawatha,

5 400
Kumara Ratnam Road

6 Duplication Junction 66

7 Gabos Avenue Junction / Sea Avenue 142

8 Wimaladharma Clock Tower 515

9 Galle face 20

10 Gas Works Street Junction / Main Street 50

11 YMBA Colombo 01 / Sri Baron Jayathilaka Mawatha 20

12 Galleroad (Opposite to Galadari Hotel) 591

13 Independence Avenue/ Maitland Crescent Junction 117

14 Horton Place / Alexandra / C.W.W. Kannangara Mawatha 360

15 Lipton Roundabout 230

Braybrook Place / Park street Junction Roundabout /

16 300
Center Island Braybrook Place

Infront of Osusala Pharmacy, Union Place (Colvin R de

17 42
Silva Mawatha / Dharmapala Mawatha Junction

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
extent
The Plan No Roundabouts, Triangles and Center Islands
(sq.m)

18 Tummulla Roundabout 183

⸺
19 Kochchikade Junction Opposite Saint Anthony Church 105
S u sta i n a bl e
Reed Avenue / Thurston Road Junction (Square)
Envi ronme n t St rateg y 20 101
(Bullers Road)

Spatial Pl an for Havelock Road Maya Mawatha Junction

21 85
Prop os e d (“ Vilasitha Niwasa”)
Pu bl ic Ou td oor
22 Hyde Park Corner / Park Street Junction 154
Re c reation Facil itie s
Behind Public Library, Marcus Fernando Avenue /
23 375
Green Path Junction

FR Senanayake Mawatha / Dharmapala Mawatha

24 228
Junction

25 Roundabout in front of D2A office 80

26 Kollupitiya Saint Michael Road roundabout 200

Triangles Traffic Island

1 Thummulla Junction Near Thurston Road Entrance 100

Dharmapala Mawatha / Marcus Fernando Mawatha

2 600
Junction Colombo 07 (infront of Sampat Bank)

3 York Street / Baron Jayathilake Mawatha Junction 220

4 Maradana Junction 850

5 Center Triangle behind Lake House 240

6 Olcott Avenue / Lotus Road Junction 120

7 Royal Avenue / Reed Avenue Junction 150

8 Panchikawatta Sri Sangharaja Mawatha Junction 300

9 Muttiah Road Center Triangle 40

10 Havelock Town (Near “ Vilasitha Niwasa”) Center Triangle 50

11 Green Path / Flower Road Junction 100

12 Dharmapala Mawatha/ Flower Road Junction 100

Flower Road near Sir Marcus Fernando Mawatha in front

13 400
of the library

Near BRC Sports Ground and Dickman Road Junction

14 200
near Isipathana Mawatha (Near Hendry Pedris Statue)

15 Lotus Road / Sir Baron Jayathilaka Mawatha Junction 60

16 Kollupitiya Junction 120

17 Jethavana Road / Armor Street Signal Pole - Colombo 14 100

250
Urban Development Authority

Chapter 06
extent
No Roundabouts, Triangles and Center Islands
(sq.m)
The Plan

Opposite Liberty Plaza Colombo 03

18
Corner Splay Street Corner
300 ⸺

19 FR Senanayake Mawatha 60 S ustai n able

No. 800 Sirimavo Bandaranaike Mawatha, Opposite E n vi ron ment Strateg y
20 625
DIMO Benz Showroom
S pat ia l P l an fo r
21 Havelock Junction Near Maya Mawatha ‘Redimola’ 40
P ropos ed
22 Timbirigasaya / Siripa Road Junction (Near FAB) 80 P ubl ic O utd o o r
Recreat ion Fa c i l i ti e s
23 Technical Junction (Industrial College Junction) 175

24 Junction Near Gamini Hall 150

25 Public Library, Town Hall, Colombo 07 80

Reed Avenue / Stanley Wijesundara Mawatha Junction

26 80
Central Triangle

Center Islands

1 Green Path 1000

2 Behind the Yamaha showroom 60

3 Alexandra Place Kannangara Mawatha 240

4 Deans Road 450

5 Around Lipton Roundabout 20

Flower Road near D.R. Wijewardena Mawatha in front of

6 40
Sri Lanka Exhibition and Convention Center (SLECC).

7 From Panchikawatta towards Maligawatta 30

8 Junction of Staple Street / Union Place 30

Dharmapala Mawatha / FR. Senanayake Mawatha

9 71.4
Junction

Dr. C.W.W. Kannangara Mawatha (Between Rosemead

10 330
Place and FR Senanayake)

11 Union Place / Dharmapala Mawatha Junction 87.8

12 D.R. Wijewardena Mawatha 2200

13 Sri Saddharma Mawatha and Pradipa Mawatha 1000

14 George R de Silva Avenue 13

15 Infront of Leslie Ranagala Mawatha PIM 120

James Peers Mawatha Colombo 02,

16 204
Wakanda Mawatha Junction

17 Chitthampalam Gardner Avenue 200

18 From Bambalapitiya Junction to Wellawatta 700

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
extent
The Plan No Roundabouts, Triangles and Center Islands
(sq.m)

George R de Silva Avenue / Christy Perera Avenue

⸺ 19
Junction
30

S u sta i n a bl e 20 Thurston Road / Fifth Lane Junction 25

Envi ronme n t St rateg y 21 Ratana Jyoti Sarana Muttu Mawatha (Aduruppu Street) 60

Spatial Pl an for 22 From Kollupitiya Junction to Galle Face Roudabout 350

Prop os e d
Pu bl ic Ou td oor 23 Dharmapala Mawatha 750
Re c reation Facil itie s
24 From Kotahena Roundabout to Armor Street Junction 100

25 George R de Silva Ave 200

26 FR Senanayake Mawatha 630

27 New Scout Avenue / Rotunda Park intersection 60

New Scout Avenue, Sri Uttarananda Mawatha

28 90
intersection

29 Between Kotahena roundabout and Hettiawatta 100

30 St Anthony Road from Jintupitiya to Hettiawatta 150

Between Armor Street intersection and Building

31 100
Materials Corporation

Landscapes from Dudley Senanayake Avenue, Kinsey

32 400
Road Junction to Devi Balika Junction

Table No. 6.23 : Roundabouts, Trianglesand Center Islands

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

6.6.4.3. Urban Parks under Catalyst Project

The following table shows the urban parks identified under the
catalyst projects within the jurisdiction of the Colombo Munic-
ipal Council, and in addition to the existing parks, spaces for
public leisure and entertainment are created through these
projects. Through the creation of these spaces, physical devel-
opment is also carried out in the project areas. Further, the
economic environmental and social developments are also
carried out constantly. The existing urban parks under Catalyst
Project can be indicated by Table No. 6.24.

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 06
Extent
No Parks Description The Plan
(Hectares)

1. Beira Lake Park 43.0

⸺
2. Recreational Investment Corridor 150.0
S ustai n able
3. Borella Cemetery urban Park 19.3
E n vi ron ment Strateg y
4. Viharamahadevi Park Activation Project 24.28
S pat ia l P l an fo r
5. Crow Island 6.8 P ropos ed
P ubl ic O utd o o r
Proposed urban park for Methotamulla
6. 7.1 Recreat ion Fa c i l i ti e s
waste disposal site

Proposed Neighborhood Park near

7. 1.33
Kettarama Maha Vihara

Proposed Neighborhood Park between

8. Sanchiarachi Garden Mawatha and St. 0.7
Sebastian Ala.

Cycling lanes linear park 1.5, 2.5 × m. 23

9. 6.0
From Colombo Port City to Diyata Uyana

Table No. 6.24 : Urban Parks under Catalyst Projects

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

(a). Beira Lake Park

The creation of recreational spaces consisting of shaded paths,

public squares and small parks in the vicinity of Beira Lake.
By taking Beira Lake as the main public aspect of other devel-
opments in the region, the visual and physical accessibility of
development activities should be strategically directed to Beira
Lake.

(b). Recreational Investment Corridor

The beach from Galleface to Dehiwala will be created as a recre-

ational facilities investment corridor under the identified Cata-
lyst Project. It will include green areas, walking lanes, high value
recreational spaces and other necessary facilities. In these devel-
opments around the sea, the conservation of wind paths and the
increase of visual and physical accessibility to the seashore are
also done strategically.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 (c). Crow Island

The Plan
This park is located in Mattakkuliya (Colombo 15), has been devel-
⸺ oped under the Colombo Greater Urban Development Project.
The main objectives of this development project are to improve
S u sta i n a bl e the quality of the beach, provide entertainment while protecting
Envi ronme n t St rateg y its natural environment and create scenic beauty. The park will
be developed as a beach park consists of walkways, restaurants,
Spatial Pl an for
Prop os e d outdoor theaters, children's parks and vehicle parking facilities.
Pu bl ic Ou td oor
Re c reation Facil itie s (d). Proposed Neighborhood Parks between Sanchiarachi
Garden Mawatha and St. Sebastian Canal, near Kettarama
Maha Vihara.

Due to the widespread presence of underserved settlements in

this area and due to the fact that resettlement projects are spread
around this area, Neighborhood Parks have been proposed near
Kettaramaya Maha Viharaya, between Sanchiarachi Garden
Mawatha and Saint Sebastian Canal, with the aim of improving
the living conditions of the people reside in the area. Further, by
creating green lanes, the physical, mental and social well-being
of individuals as well as the physical development of the city can
be maintained at a sustainable level.

(e). Bike lanes and linear parks

These cycling lanes are created from Colombo Port City to

Diyatha Uyana and these lanes will be developed in a way to use
as a transport mode for school children and the public entering
to the city for jobs. Here, the existing urban parks,on landscape
areas as well as water sources and wetland parks (Vihara Maha
Devi Park, Golf Course, Royal Park, Diwannawa, Baddagaana
Wetland Park, Kimbulawala Linear Park, Ape Gama, Diyata
Uyana Urban Park)are mainly utilized for this. This lane is being
developed in total length of 23 km and width from 1.5 meters
and 2.5 meters. The development will provide active recreational
facilities and passive recreational facilities. By this, accessibility
is provided for the public to reach recreational facilities more
easily, by connecting open spaces with each other and develop
as linear parks connected with existing urban parks.

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Urban Development Authority

6.6.4.5. Temperature Control Strategy Chapter 06

The Plan
As a temperature control strategy, not only the construction
of small gardens, but also when using the open spaces for the ⸺
construction of buildings, wind directions should be taken into
account consideration. And the building should be desiged to S ustai n able
E n vi ron ment Strateg y
reduce the above problematic situation. Accordingly,
S pat ia l P l an fo r
I. Control of height according to wind directions in setting height limits P ropos ed
through the zonning and provide ventilation by disallowing buildings of P ubl ic O utd o o r
uniform height in the identifed wind directions. Recreat ion Fa c i l i ti e s
II. Creating wind corridors by interconnecting existing open spaces.
III. Prepare Development Guide Plans to include wind corridors
between houses.
IV. Incorporation of design regulations required for construction of
buildings with green roofs in development plans. Use of white color in
building designing.
V. Planting of open seed plants in the city and planting of low level trees is
done according to horticultural concepts.
VI. Creating green mixed traffic parking spaces (green parking)

6.6.5. Disaster Mitigation Plan Dis a ster M i ti gati o n Pl a n

6.6.5.1. Emergency And Flash Flood Control Strategies

Flooding in Colombo city was identified as a major problem in

the context analysis. As it is mentioned, it is indicated that in
case of rainfall with an intensity between 50-100 mm, a flash
flood will occur within a period of 1 to 2 hours. According to
the disaster analysis conducted by the relevant stakeholders,
it can be identified that there is a high flood disaster situation
along the Kelani River banks and canals. In the Commercial City
of Colombo, there are two main causes of flash floods namely;
Kelani River overflow and low capacity of the existing storm-
water management system.

In moving towards a “Aquarina”, which is the future vision for

the city, it is very important that the city of Colombo is free from
the risk of flooding. Along with the development of the water-
front corridors, it is necessary to maintain a flood prevention
and storm water management system.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 Therefore, the stormwater management projects proposed by

The Plan other stakeholders are proposed to be incorporated under the
City of Colombo Development Plan.
⸺
(a). Large-Scale Stormwater Management Projects Proposed And
S u sta i n a bl e
Implemented By The Sri Lanka Land Development Corporation
Envi ronme n t St rateg y

D i s a ste r Mitigation Pl an Project phase Proposed Rainfall Management Projects

• New Mawatha Culvert, Mutwal Estuary Main Canal.

Completed projects • St. Sebastian South Canal
• Wellawatta canal

• St. Sebastian North Canal

Ongoing projects • St. Sebastian North Watergate and
Pumping Station

• New Mutwal Tunnel and Torrington Tunnel

Projects in
Kolonnawa Canal Diversion Scheme Phase 2
procurement stage
• St Sebastian South Pumping Station

Projects in the
detailed • Kolonnawa Canal Diversion Scheme Phase 1, 3 and 4
planning stage

Table No. 6.25 : Large Scale Stormwater Management Projects Proposed and Implemented by
Sri Lanka Land Development Corporation | Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

(b). Storm Water Management Projects Proposed by the

Colombo Municipal Council

I. Prevention of flooding in No. 175 Watta and No. 211 Watta of Nagal-
agama Road and No. 75 Watta of Fergusson Mawatha
II. Flood prevention from K. Cyril. C. Perera Mawatha and George R. De
Silva Mawatha to Arthur de. Silva Mawatha junction
III. Flood Prevention in the Kimbula Canal housing complex.
IV. Flood prevention of opposite of Sangharaja Mawatha, Wales Kumara
Lane and Diesel and Motor Engineering (Private Company)
V. Prevention of flooding around Green Lane, George R. De Silva Mawatha
and Ratnam Playground areas
VI. Saunders Place flood prevention
VII. Flood prevention in Maligawatta housing complex
VIII. Preventing flooding in the Norris Canal area
IX. Stormwater Management High Level Road in Siridhamma Mawatha and
surrounding area,

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Urban Development Authority

X. Preventing flooding in Kirulapana Junction and Robert Gunawardena Chapter 06

Mawatha areas The Plan
XI. Prevention of flood on Purwarama Mawatha and Kandewatta roads
XII. Flood prevention on Park Avenue ⸺
XIII. Tummulla Junction Terminal Canal
XIV. Development of Colombo Road (Marine Drive) from Dehiwala Bridge to S ustai n able
Bambalapitiya Railway Station Road E n vi ron ment Strateg y

Dis a ster M i ti gati o n Pl a n

6.6.5.2. Recommendations for flood control

• Directing the low-income houses within the water source reservation

boundaries into vertical construction and restricting horizontal devel-
opment in the city of Colombo.
• All water source reservation areas shall be landscaped as open spaces
and developed as linear parks including walking paths. (Public recrea-
tional facilities are included in the spatial plan)
• Controlling Colombo floods by constructing wall type embankments on
both sides of Kelani River, which is the natural river that flows through
Colombo city (Protecting to 1.25 years event).

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
The Plan

Uti l i t y S e r v i ce s
M anagem e n t St rateg y

UTILITY SERVICES
MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

6.7. Utility Services Management Strategy

A well-managed and efficient utility service network can be stated
as a basic requirement for the efficient functioning of a city. It is
important to adopt an integrated approach in managing utility
services to ensure sustainable resource use, resource conserva-
tion and equitable access to infrastructure. Identifying the city's
demand and ensuring supply in a way to meet the demand can
be introduced as the basic foundation of efficient utility service
management. Accordingly, the utility Service Management
Strategy can be introduced as the basis of all other strategies
towards achieving the desired development goals through the
development plan.

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Urban Development Authority

6.7.1. Objectives of the Plan Chapter 06

The Plan

The objective of the Utility Services Management Strategy of the

City of Colombo Development Plan 2022-2031 can be stated as: ⸺
providing adequate social and physical infrastructure facilities
Uti li ty S e r vices
for the people living in the Colombo city and the commuters,
Man agem ent Strateg y
ensuring the smooth flow of the social, economic and socio-po-
litical activities of the city and networking all utility services. O bject ives o f th e Pl a n

S cope of th e Pl a n

6.7.2. Scope of the Plan

A planning strategy is introduced by integrating all related

institutions and stakeholders for the management of all infra-
structure for utility services in the city. Here, the infrastructure
facilities are mainly differentiated as social and physical infra-
structure. Furthermore, the planning period of these planning
strategies is from 2021 – 2030, and the construction activities of
the projects identified under this strategy would be short and
medium term.

6.7.3. Social Infrastructure S ocia l In f ra str u ctu re

The provision of social infrastructure is essential to ensure the

social development of the urban community, thereby improving
the quality of life of the people. Accordingly, the demand for
social infrastructure will be identified and the necessary facil-
ities will be adequately provided. As the city of Colombo is an
international city with a high population attraction, it is essen-
tial to maintain the quality of the social infrastructure provided.
Accordingly, a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of health
facilities, education facilities and other public facilities such as
public shops, sports and entertainment facilities, public ceme-
teries, post offices, banking and financial facilities, and public
sanitary facilities have been carried out as social infrastructure
facilities.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Map No. 6.8 : Total Utility Services Management Plan Of City of Colombo
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

260
Urban Development Authority

6.7.3.1. Health Facilities Chapter 06

The Plan
When studying the distribution of public and private hospitals
in the Colombo Municipal Council area and their service area, ⸺
it can be recognized that the entire Colombo Municipal Council
area is equipped with adequate health facilities. However, the Uti li ty S e r vices
Man agem ent Strateg y
public hospitals within the jurisdiction of the Colombo Munic-
ipal Council are expected to increase the capacity of the hospital
S ocia l In f ra str u ctu re
premises to provide more efficient and smooth service to the
people. Accordingly, the Hospital Square Development Project
has been identified as a pilot project.

(a). Hospital Square Development Project

However, since the space and buildings of the hospital prem-

ises are not located in an orderly and comfortable manner, it
was recognized that there is a need to build a healthy environ-
ment with the necessary facilities for the hospital staff, patients
and visitors. Accordingly, it is intended to properly renovate
the surgery complex, cardiology unit and Victoria building and
provide sufficient parking facilities, while preserving the histor-
ically valued buildings in the hospital premises.

Figure No. 6.39 : The Layout Plan of Hospital Square Development Project
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 However, since the space and buildings of the hospital prem-
The Plan ises are not located in an orderly and comfortable manner, it
was recognized that there is a need to build a healthy environ-
⸺ ment with the necessary facilities for the hospital staff, patients
and visitors. Accordingly, it is intended to properly renovate
Uti l i t y S e r v i ce s
the surgery complex, cardiology unit and Victoria building and
M anagem e n t St rateg y
provide sufficient parking facilities, while preserving the histor-
S o c i a l Infrastru ctu re
ically valued buildings in the hospital premises.

(b). Narahenpita New Township Development Project

According to the lifestyle of the residents of Colombo and its

suburbs, there is a greater tendency to go to private sector
hospitals to get health services. Also, since the service level of
the private sector hospitals established in the city of Colombo
is high, people are attracted to the Colombo city to get health
facilities from other areas of Sri Lanka. Recognizing the above
needs, space is allocated at strategic locations to encourage
private sector investment opportunities in the health sector of
Colombo. Accordingly, Narahenpita Kirimandala Mawatha area
can be indicated as the identified areas.

It can be observed that there is currently a high demand for the

concentration and expansion of hospitals, pharmacies, labora-
tory services and other health services in the vicinity of Nara-
henpita. For example, hospitals such as Nine Wells Hospital,
Asiri Hospital and Kings Hospital have been developed along
Kirimandala Road and as well as Military Hospital and Police
Hospital within an area of one square kilometre. Recognizing
that development trend, an area of about 6 acres of land has
been allocated for the development of health facilities under the
Narahenpita New Town Development Project in order to increase
the investment opportunities of the private sector in the health
sector. (Image No. 6.37)

6.7.3.2. Education Facilities

It was assumed that the service area of the schools within the
jurisdiction of the Colombo Municipal Council would cover
an area with a radius of 1 km. Accordingly, it can be concluded
that the schools and educational institutions located within the
Colombo Municipal Planning Area have the ability to provide
adequate educational facilities for the population predicted for
the Colombo Planning Area by the year 2031.

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Urban Development Authority

(a). Narahenpita New Township Development Project Chapter 06

The Plan
Due to the rising standard of living of Colombo city dwellers and
social motivation, the new trends of high and middle income ⸺
residents enrolling their children in private schools are gradu-
ally growing. Accordingly, there are currently 48 international Uti li ty S e r vices

schools in the city of Colombo, but there is a need to provide Man agem ent Strateg y

more space for private schools, including international schools,

S ocia l In f ra str u ctu re
in relation to the increasing demand. Accordingly, under the
Narahenpita New Township Development Project, space has
been set aside to establish private schools in Narahenpita and its
surrounding area to create an urban environment with all facil-
ities. Thus, under the new city development project, a land area
of about 12 acres near Kirimandala Mawatha has been proposed
to be provided for the establishment of international private
schools. (Figure No. 6.40)

Figure No. 6.40 : Layput Plan of Narahenpita New Township Development Project -
Land Allocated for Health Facilities and Education Facilities | Source : Uban Development
Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 6.7.3.3. Common Facilities

The Plan
Public and private shopping malls, financial institutions, post
⸺ offices, sports and other entertainment venues, public sanita-
tion facilities and public cemeteries can be identified as public
Uti l i t y S e r v i ce s facilities spread within the jurisdiction of the Colombo Munic-
M anagem e n t St rateg y
ipal Council.
S o c i a l Infrastru ctu re
Accordingly, there are about 18 public shopping complexes
around the Colombo Municipal Council area, which are capable
of providing adequate facilities to the people. Further, with
increasing urbanization, there is a high demand for modern
stores and department stores such as Keells, Cargills, Softlogic,
Glomark, Laughs, Spar, Arpico, Food City in the private sector
and Sathosa, Cope City, Raja Vasala Super Market in the public
sector.

By providing sports and recrea-

Sports and Recreational Facilities —
tional facilities, a positive contribution is made to the develop-
ment of the city due to the improvement of the personality and
mental health of the citizens. Sports facilities such as swimming
pools, playgrounds, cinema halls, art galleries, parks, theaters
etc. can be mentioned under this.

There are 5 main cemeteries in the Colombo Munic-

Cemeteries —
ipal Council area namely Madampitiya Cemetery, Borella
Cemetery, Kuppiyawatta Cemetery, Javawatta Public Cemetery
and Kirulapana Public Cemetery. Furthermore, most existing
public cemeteries are located in strategic locations of high
economic value. Considering the increasing demand for land
with urbanization, new cemeteries will not be allowed to be
established in the Colombo Municipal Council area except the
existing cemeteries. Furthermore, expansions are not provided
to increase the space of existing cemeteries, and cremation is
highly encouraged.

It is essential to provide quality public

Sanitation Facilities —
sanitation facilities for commuters who move daily within
the Colombo Municipal Council area. Accordingly, more care
is given to elderly people, disabled people, women, tourists
and strangers.

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Urban Development Authority

Judiciary Square Project Chapter 06

The Plan
It is proposed to implement the Judiciary Square development
project in the area bounded by Miraniya Road, Halfdop Road, ⸺
Dam Street and St. Sebastian Street in the Colombo Municipal
Council area. Thereby it is intended to systematize the existing Uti li ty S e r vices

informal land use pattern in the area and provide adequate Man agem ent Strateg y

infrastructure, security and schematize the surrounding spatial

S ocia l In f ra str u ctu re
and environmental features to define as a supreme location with
unique identity.

It is proposed to replace the new court complex on the 6-acre

BCC land acquired by the Ministry of Justice while preserving
the existing court buildings with high antiquity and architec-
tural character. It is intended to make the project area exclusive
for court related activities through identifying short-term, medi-
um-term and long-term projects. It is proposed to provide the
necessary facilities through the development of infrastructural
facilities such as favorable pedestrian paths, vehicle parking
facilities, rest and waiting areas, scenic spots, and the develop-
ment of Sebastian Canal.

1. Phase I Short Term Projects – Development of New Court

Complex on BBC land
2. Phase II Short Term and Medium Term Projects

• Renovation of existing buildings and rehabilitation with

judicial activities
• Building renovation
• Landscape development
• Improvement of pedestrian friendly walkways and pavements
• Development of car parks
• Development of prominent landmarks

3. Phase III Long Term Projects - proposal for vehicle parking and propose
spaces for legal work

• Landscape development
• Development of car parks
• Improvement of pedestrian friendly walkways and pavements

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
The Plan

Uti l i t y S e r v i ce s
M anagem e n t St rateg y

S o c i a l Infrastru ctu re

Figure No. 6.41 : Layout Plan of Judiciary Square Development Project

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

P h ysi cal Infrastru tu re 6.7.4. Physical Infrastruture Facilities

Facil itie s

Physical infrastructure is the basic physical structures required

for the functioning of a city's economy and adequate and quality
infrastructure will appropriately manage the sustainable exis-
tence of the city. The large-scale infrastructure which are
required to streamline the city mechanism, is provided by the
public sector or certain monopolies, while the small-scale infra-
structure can be produced by private companies or local collec-
tives. Accordingly, water facilities, electricity facilities, sewerage
and waste water facilities and solid waste disposal facilities
can be mentioned as the physical infrastructure required for
urban processes.

6.7.4.1. Pipe-Borne Water Supply Plan

In reaching the objectives of the City of Colombo Development

Plan prepared for the period 2022-2031, it is essential to provide
adequate and continuous water supply to the people on a daily
basis. The objective of the plan is to identify the existing methods
and proposed projects to meet the predicted water demand for
the year 2031.

266
Urban Development Authority

Expected Water Demand by the Year 2031 Chapter 06

The Plan
It has been identified that the forecast residential population
of the Colombo Municipal Council area for the year 2031 will ⸺
be about 634000 and the commuter population will be about
940000. In the calculation of water demand related to the devel- Uti li ty S e r vices

opment zones in the planning area, the daily water requirement Man agem ent Strateg y

of a resident per capita was considered as 120 liters and the daily
P h ys ica l In f ra str u tu re
water requirement of a person coming from outside the city was Fa cil it ies
considered as 50 liters. Accordingly, the predicted water demand
in is indicated Table No. 6.26 and Map No. 6.4.

Accordingly, by the year 2031, the total daily water demand

within the Colombo Municipal Council will be about 111,800
cubic meters, the daily domestic water demand will be 66,555
cubic meters, and the daily water demand for non-domestic
activities will be about 45,240 cubic meters.

Daily water Daily water

Expected demand for Expected demand for
Resident expected Commuter expected
Development Zone
Population for resident Population for commuter
Zones population- Zones population-
Liters Liters

Compacted Mix Development Zone 137,770 1,652,520 183,695 9,184,750

Mix Development Zone I 131,935 15,832,200 175,915 8,795,700

Seafront Mix Development Zone 68,240 8,188,800 90,990 4,549,300

Mix Development Zone II 54,415 6,529,560 72,550 3,627,550

Logistic Development Zone 69,530 8,343,720 92,710 4,635,400

Promoted Mix Development Zone 58,910 7,069,080 78,545 3,927,250

Residential Prominent Mix

54,120 6,494,640 72,160 3,608,150
Development Zone

Residential Development Zone 59,355 7,122,600 79,140 3,957,050

Special Primary Residential Zone 44,355 5,322,480 59,140 2,956,950

Table No. 6.26 : Estimated Water Demand – 2031

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Map No. 6.9 : Estimated Water Demand of Colombo Municipal Council Area – 2031
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

268
Urban Development Authority

As estimated by the National Water Supply and Drainage Board, Chapter 06

by the year 2030 the resident population of the Colombo Munic- The Plan
ipal Council area is about 687015. However, since the Colombo
City Development Plan 2022-2031 has a projected 634,000 resi- ⸺
dent population for the year 2031 and that population is less
Uti lity Ser vices
than the projected population by the National Water Supply and
Man a gement Strateg y
Drainage Board. Accordingly, the development plan will be able
to provide adequate water facilities for the projected population. P h ys i ca l I nf ra str u tu re
Fa cili ti e s

6.7.4.2. Sewer and Waste Water Management Plan

Estimate Wastewater Generation by the Year 2031

In calculating wastewater generation for the projected popu-

lation by 2031, it is assumed that 80% of the city's daily water
demand will be generated as wastewater. Accordingly, the
projected wastewater generation is shown in Table No. 6.27 and
Map No. 6.4.

Daily
Daily waste-
wastewater
Expected water generation Expected
generation
Residential for expected Commuter
Development Zone for expected
Population resident Population for
Commuter
for Zones population- Zones
population-
Liters
Liters

Compacted Mix Development Zone 137,770 1,322,016 183,695 7,347,800

Mix Development Zone I 131,935 12,665,760 175,915 7,036,560

Seafront Mix Development Zone 68,240 6,551,040 90,990 3,639,440

Mix Development Zone II 54,415 5,223,650 72,550 2,902,040

Logistic Development Zone 69,530 6,674,980 92,710 3,708,320

Promoted Mix Development Zone 58,910 5,655,260 78,545 3,141,800

Residential Prominent Mix

54,120 5,195,715 72,160 2,886,520
Development Zone

Residential Development Zone 59,355 5,698,080 79,140 3,165,640

Special Primary Residential Zone 44,355 4,257,990 59,140 2,365,560

Table No. 6.27 : Estimated Sewer and Wastewater Generation – 2031

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Map No. 6.10 : Estimated Sewer and Wastewater Generation of Colombo Municipal Council Area – 2031
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

270
Urban Development Authority

Ongoing and Proposed Sewage and Sewage Management Project Chapter 06

The Plan

(a). Colombo Municipal Council Wastewater Management Project

⸺
The project has the potential to provide facilities to treat waste-
Uti li ty S e r vices
water generated by a population of 838,000 in the planning
Man agem ent Strateg y
area. It is also proposed to build a treatment plant with facili-
ties to treat 200 million liters of wastewater daily. The project P h ys ica l In f ra str u tu re
has identified the following sub-projects to improve the existing Fa cil it ies
sewage system.

Figure No. 6.42 : Colombo Municipal Wastewater Management Project

Source : Colombo Municipal Council, 2017

I. Rehabilitation of the main sewerage system covering pumping stations

and main sewage pipelines within the administrative limits of Colombo,
Kolonnawa and Dehiwala Mt.
II. Rehabilitation of marine sites for disposal of treated wastewater.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 (b). Proposed Maritime City Wastewater Management Project.

The Plan
Development projects to be implemented in the jurisdiction of
⸺ the Colombo Municipal Council, such as; the Beira Lake Area
Development Project, the Port City Project and the Maritime
Uti l i t y S e r v i ce s City project have been calculated to generate a very high amount
M anagem e n t St rateg y of wastewater in the form of 70,000, 30,000 and 120,000 cubic
meters daily respectively in the future. Accordingly, it has been
P h ysi cal Infrastru tu re
Facil itie s proposed to allocate an area of 8 hectares from the proposed
reclaimed land under the Maritime City Development Project for
the establishment of a sewage management system.

6.7.4.3. Solid Waste Management Plan

Due to rapid development activities in urban areas, solid waste

is generated in large quantities at a faster rate than the time
taken for decomposition by the natural biological decomposi-
tion process. Hence, formal management such as proper waste
sorting and collection, waste transportation, intermediate treat-
ment and maintaining a systematic disposal system is essential.
If this does not happen, as seen in many areas, these wastes are
disposed of on the sides of the city's roads and public places, as
well as in sensitive environmental areas such as lowlands and
water sources. By these informal disposals, resident population
has to face many health and social issues due to the ground water
pollution, soil pollution caused by heavy metals, and air pollu-
tion caused by gases such as methane, hydrogen, sulphide, etc.

Expected Solid Waste Generation by the Year 2031

Considering the per capita consumption requirements and solid

waste generation as the planning area is a Municipal Council,
the daily per capita solid waste generation was considered as
0.75 kg and the daily solid waste generation of a person from
outside the city as 0.25 kg. Accordingly, the quantities of solid
waste generated by development zones are shown in Table No.
6.28 and Map No. 6.11.

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 06
Solid Waste The Plan
Expected Expected
Generation-
Residential Commuter
Development Zone Kilograms
Population Population
(approxi- ⸺
for Zones for Zones
mately)

Compacted Mix Development Zone 137,770 183,695 149,300 Uti li ty S e r vices

Man agem ent Strateg y
Mix Development Zone I 131,935 175,915 142,900

Seafront Mix Development Zone 68,240 90,990 73,900 P h ys ica l In f ra str u tu re

Fa cil it ies
Mix Development Zone II 54,415 72,550 58,900

Logistic Development Zone 69,530 92,710 75,200

Promoted Mix Development Zone 58,910 78,545 63,800

Residential Prominent Mix

54,120 72,160 58,600
Development Zone

Residential Development Zone 59,355 79,140 64,300

Special Primary Residential Zone 44,355 59,140 48,050

Table No. 6.28 : Estimated Solid Waste Generation – 2031

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Map No. 6.11 : Estimated Solid Wate Generation in Colombo Municipal Council Area – 2030
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 06
The Plan

H i stor i cal and

A rchaeological
P romoti on and
C on ser vation Plan

HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL

PROMOTION AND
CONSERVATION PLAN

6.8. Historical and Archaeological

Promotion and Conservation Plan

6.8.1. Introduction and Scope of the Plan In t roduct io n a nd S co p e

of t h e P l a n

Historical heritages express diverse identities in different con-

texts and include local as well as foreign identities and values.
This is not only historically inherited identities and values, but
can also be identified dually as tangible and intangible (knowl-
edge, norms, manners, cultural beliefs) existing in the current
context.

There are a number of historically and anciently important

buildings and places within the city limits of Colombo and
under the provisions of the Antiquities Ordinance No. 9 of 1940,
the number of historical buildings listed as preserved buildings
exceeds 300.

These places are also past reflections of the historical events

that took place during the Portuguese, Dutch and English colo-
nial periods in Sri Lanka from about five centuries ago. But due
to the pressure of development that comes with rapid urbani-
zation, it is a problem that the ancient places are destruct from

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 us due to the lack of a proper maintenance strategy, change for

The Plan commercial purposes, carelessness, natural effects, improper
maintenance etc. In the Colombo Municipal Council area, only
⸺ a small number of buildings have been subjected to proper
conservation through the intervention of the government and
H i sto r i ca l a n d
other institutions and have been subjected to extensive inter-
Arc h a e o l o g i ca l
vention to obtain environmental and economic benefits, but a
P ro m o t i o n a n d
significant number of buildings and places are still neglected
Conse r vat i o n Pl a n
and in a dilapidated condition. Therefore, there is a need for a
I n t ro du ction and Scop e strategy to conserve those precious resources through planned
of the Pl an intervention.

Through this plan, it is expected to secure and preserve those

values as a city with historical, archeological and cultural values,
as well as to uplift the local and foreign tourism industry by
opening opportunities and facilities for local and foreign tour-
ists coming to the city to experience its values, and to get a boost
to the economy.

Considering the distribution of archaeological sites in the

planning area, it seems that a greater percentage of them are
scattered around Colombo Fort area and are located in prom-
inent locations with high tourist attraction and with proper
infrastructures. Therefore, it is proposed to open up invest-
ment through the promotion of those places for the tourism
industry, to contribute to the national economy by exposing
the property to the market, and to raise the values socially and
environmentally.

P l a n ning objectives 6.8.2. Planning objectives

Through this plan, it is hoped to identify a conservation plan

that is the direction of sustainable development. For that, it is
aimed to utilize the maximum benefits from economic, cultural,
social and environmental heritage in direct and indirect ways by
fitting it appropriately with its spatial context.

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Urban Development Authority

1. Identifying and preserving all places and elements of historical, ancient and Chapter 06
cultural value. The Plan
2. Restoration of historical and cultural heritage while maintaining mutual rela-
tionship with the surrounding environment and proposing adaptive uses for ⸺
identified special buildings.
3. Formulating guidelines for managing historical heritage.
H i stor i cal and
4. Making historical, archaeological and cultural values a
​​ key part of the
A rchaeological
economic, social and environmental economy of the city.
P romoti on and
C on ser vation Plan

Planning strategies P l a n n in g o bj e cti v e s

• To maintain and preserve listed buildings and monuments, other

important buildings and monuments of recent history, natural envi-
ronmental factors, historical places, unique streets and its character,
historically renowned cultural events in the planning area as identified
by the Department of Archaeology.

This methodology refers to the reuse of historic buildings by preserving

their original structure and finish while keeping the modern or existing
use. And also it has been scientifically justified that the reuse of
historic buildings is a desirable way forward for sustainable develop-
ment. This method is considered to have a positive impact on heritage
conservation as it helps to physically preserve a historical place and
gives a sense of its historical value.

• To manage and maintain all those protected areas

This methodology refers to the reuse of historical buildings in a

modern way by keeping only the original structure and designing the
interior with modern architectural and engineering elements. This
approach encourages the creation of greater economic value through
heritage conservation. Under this method of heritage conservation,
a dilapidated or destroyed heritage is rebuilt or reconstructed. The
concept of redevelopment can be used for buildings, monuments,
sculptures etc. This will lead to the re-creation of historical values in a
new context.

• To create awareness about the historical and cultural importance

of those places and promote local and international programs that
can contribute economically to the community.

• Marketing and Promotion

A proper marketing strategy is essential to promote the concept of

'living with heritage'. According to the current trend in Sri Lanka,
many investors act on the belief that only modern architecture and
engineering designs attract more economic benefits. But heritage
appraisers have confirmed that monuments inherited from the past

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06 have many values beyond their economic value. Therefore, this
The Plan idea can be instilled in the people by spreading this concept among
the relevant stakeholders through good marketing methods. Any
conservation, rehabilitation, management and marketing interven-
⸺
tions of listed historic buildings and other identified buildings of
historical significance within the commercial city will be adapted for
H i sto r i ca l a n d
commercial city plan.
Arc h a e o l o g i ca l
P ro m o t i o n a n d
Conse r vat i o n Pl a n
Proposed projects
P l a n ning objectives
• As a new tourist experience, it is proposed to introduce a cultural trail
zone in the commercial city of Colombo and create an environmentally
friendly connection between places through a pedestrian friendly road
network.

• Preparation of a Development Guide Plan for the Colombo Fort area to

preserve buildings of archaeological value and protect daily activities
related to its special characteristics.

• Use of specialized pavements in footpaths within colonial cultural corri-

dors and maintaining a pedestrian friendly environment.

• Renovate listed buildings across cultural trails and suggest appropriate

adaptive uses.

• To propose a one-day tour around Colombo Fort and Pettah for the
promotion of local and foreign tourism to get Colombo-centric archi-
tectural, historical and diversified experiences, for which all the institu-
tions jointly prepare a schematic plan.

• Developing a cultural entertainment zone connecting Maradana

Theatre, Maradana Railway Station, Elphinstone Theatre, Tower Hall
Theatre, Kularatne Mawatha and TB Jaya Mawatha.

• Developing a museum reflecting contemporary history and contempo-

rary art and architecture exhibition centers.

• Leading colonial heritage conservation projects in Fort, Pettah,

Maradana.

• Linking the cultural trail and the commercial city in a planned manner.

• Designating the area around the Gangarama Viharaya, which is one of

the most famous Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka with a history of more
than a century, as a sacred area and popularizing festivals like 'Ganga-
rama Navam Perahera' with traditional skills and cultural elements.

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Urban Development Authority

• To enhance the annual festivals and cultural events related to the Chapter 06
Christian churches which are widespread in the planning area, The Plan
Develop the Modara temple as a favorable area for the devotees.

⸺
• All redevelopments of listed buildings should be carried out as per the
instructions of the Department of Archeology and the Urban Develop-
ment Authority.
H i stor i cal and
A rchaeological
• Creating visual access through the port wall. P romoti on and
C on ser vation Plan
• Regeneration of Old Town Hall and Town Hall Market.
P l a n n in g o bj e cti v e s
• Reorganization of the floating market in a way that increases tourist
attraction again.

Proposed Cultural Tour

• The Cultural Tour Project which is being introduced centering on the

Colombo Planning Area is in succession along 03 main directions. That
is, Red Trail, which proposes to provide local heritage experiences, Blue
Trail, which is based on waterfront inspiration experiences, and Green
Trail, which goes with the natural environment.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Figure No. 6.43 : Colombo Proposed Cultural Tour

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 06
The Plan

H i stor i cal and

A rchaeological
P romoti on and
C on ser vation Plan

P l a n n in g o bj e cti v e s

Figure No. 6.44 : Colombo Racecourse

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Figure No. 6.45 : Independence Square

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 06
The Plan

H i sto r i ca l a n d
Arc h a e o l o g i ca l
P ro m o t i o n a n d
Conse r vat i o n Pl a n

P l a n ning objectives

Figure No. 6.46 : Old Dutch Hospital

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

Figure No. 6.47 : Gafoor Building

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

Map No. 6.12 : Distribution of Archelogical Monuments | Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Part II
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

286
Urban Development Authority

Chapter
07
Development Zones,
Development
Regulations &
Guidelines

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 07 7.1 Introduction

Development Zones,
Development Regula-
-tions & Guidelines Development plan (2022-2031) has been prepared for the Colombo
Municipal Council area with the vision of “Aquarina - the City in Water
⸺ in South Asia” The goals and objectives have been identified by this
plan based on the developments and changes expected over the next
In t ro du ct i o n ten years to achieve above vision.

Planning & development regulations, development zones, zoning

guidelines and guidelines have been introduced by the Colombo City
Development Plan prepared for the year 2022 – 2031 as a strategy to
achieve the proposed vision, goals & objectives of the plan and objec-
tives of the proposed zoning plan. Zoning regulations were introduced
separately while zoning demarcations & identification of zoning
boundaries were done in accordance with comprehensive planning
methods and analysis

The regulations prepared as per zoning plan to apply to the entire

administrative limits of the Colombo Municipal Council area which
have been declared as an Urban Development Areas under Section 3(i)
of the Urban Development Authority Act No. 41 of 1978 are as follows.

De ve l o pm e n t Zo n e 7.2 Development Zone

Colombo Municipal Council area has been divided into 10 zones for
the implementation of regulations of City of Colombo Development
Plan (2022-2031) and those zones are as follows.

1. Concentrated Mixed Development Zone

2. Mixed Development Zone I
3. Sea Front Mixed Development Zone
4. Concentrated Logistic Development Zone
5. Promoted Mixed Development Zone
6. Mixed Development Zone II
7. Residentail Prominent Mixed Development Zone
8. Residentail Development Zone
9. Special Primary Residentail Development Zone
10. Public Open Space Zone

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Urban Development Authority

7.2.1. Zoning Plan (2022–2031)

Map No. 7.1 : Zoning Plan 2022–2031

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 07 7.2.2. Development Zone and Zone Factors

Development Zones,
Development Regula-
-tions & Guidelines
Sub Zone Zone
Development Zone Sub Zone
Code Factor
⸺
High Dense Concentrated
CMDZ 01 3.75
Mixed Development Zone
D e ve l o pm e n t Zo n e
1. Concentrated Mixed Medium Dense Concentrated
CMDZ 02 3.25
D e v e l o pme nt Zone and Development Zone Mixed Development Zone
Zone Factors
Low Dense Concentrated
CMDZ 03 3.00
Mixed Development Zone

High Dense Mixed

MDZ- I 01 3.25
Development Zone I

2. Mixed Development Medium Dense Mixed

MDZ- I 02 2.50
Zone I Development Zone I

Low Dense Mixed

MDZ- I 03 2.00
Development Zone I

3. Sea Front Mixed Sea Front Mixed Development

SFMDZ 2.50
Development Zone Zone

High Dense Concentrated

CLDZ 01 3.00
Logistic Development Zone
4. Concentrated
Medium Dense Concentrated
Logistic CLDZ 02 2.75
Logistic Development Zone
Development Zone
Low Dense Concentrated
CLDZ 03 2.50
Logistic Development Zone

High Dense Promoted Mixed

PMDZ 01 3.50
Development Zone

5. Promoted Mixed Medium Dense Promoted

PMDZ 02 3.25
Development Zone Mixed Development Zone

Low Dense Promoted Mixed

PMDZ 03 2.75
Development Zone

High Dense Mixed

MDZ- II 01 3.00
Development Zone II

6. Mixed Development Medium Dense Mixed

MDZ- II 02 2.75
Zone II Development Zone II

Low Dense Mixed

MDZ- II 03 2.50
Development Zone II

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 07
Sub Zone Zone
Development Zone Sub Zone Development Zones,
Code Factor
Development Regula-
High Dense Residentail
-tions & Guidelines
Prominent Mixed RPMDZ 01 2.50
7. Residentail Development Zone
Prominent Mixed
⸺
Development Zone Low Dense Residentail
Prominent Mixed RPMDZ 02 2.25 D e velopment Zone
Development Zone
De vel opm e nt Zo ne a nd
High Dense Residentail
RDZ 01 2.25 Zon e Fa cto r s
Development Zone

8. Residentail Medium Dense Residentail

RDZ 02 2.00
Development Zone Development Zone

Low Dense Residentail

RDZ 03 1.75
Development Zone

9. Special Primar y
Special Primar y Residentail
Residentail SPRZ 1.75
Development Zone
Development Zone

10. Common / Public Common/ Public Open

–
Open Space Zone Space Zone

Table No. 7.1 : Development Zone and Zone Factors

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

7.3. Planning, Development P lan n i n g ,

D e velopment
Regulations & Guidelines Reg ulati ons &
Gui deli n es
I. These Regulations and guidelines shall apply to all areas within the admin-
istrative limits of the Colombo Municipal Council area which have been
declared as an Urban Development Area in the Extraordinary Gazette
Notification No. 4/1 of 30 th September 1978 under Section 3(i) of the
Urban Development Authority Act No. 41 of 1978.

II. In addition to the zoning regulation of this development plan, the Plan-
ning and Development Regulations published in the Gazette Notification
No. 2235/54 dated 08 th July 2021 by the Urban Development Authority is
also applicable for the any development activity within Colombo Munic-
ipal Council area.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 07 III. The land lots less than 150sq.m. which have been subdivided before
Development Zones, 1999.07.29 are considered as existing lots and the maximum permissible
Development Regula- number of floors including the ground floor for such lands is two (G + 1).
-tions & Guidelines
IV. The height of the developments within the scenic visual corridor of the
⸺ Lotus Tower Building shall be controlled as shown in Schedule VII. A
preliminary planning clearance for all developments in this area shall be
D e ve l o pm e n t Zo n e obtained from the Urban Development Authority.

Planning, V. Beira Lake surrounding area, Nawam Mawatha area, Colombo Fort
D e v e l o pm e n t surrounding area, Independence Square and surrounding area,
Reg u l at i o n s & Hospital Square & surrounding area, Bloemendhal area, Marine Drive
G u i de l i n e s surrounding area, Welikada prison surrounding area, Judicial square
area, Panchikawatta triangle surrounding area shall be declared as
development guide plan (GDP) areas and special projects under this
plan. (Map number 7.1)

VI. The regulations introduced by the Development Guide Plan shall apply
to areas mention in above v. The zoning regulations in this plan shall
also apply to above areas until introduce the said regulations. However,
preliminary planning clearance from the Urban Development Authority
shall be obtained for the development activities to be carried out in the
above development guide plan areas and the Authority shall have power
to decide the developments in accordance with the draft development
guide plan prepared by the Authority.

VII. Authority shall have the powers to take decisions considering the recom-
mendations & development proposals made by the relevant institutions
under leadership of Urban Development Authority when there is require-
ment to conserve or modify the building or places having archaeological
value.

VIII. Considering existing infrastructural facilities and environmental

factors of the sub-zone for the implementation of the project, planning
committee of the Urban Development Authority shall have powers to
decide floor area according to the zoning factor of the principal zone of
the sub zone for special development projects proposed to be imple-
mented by the Urban Development Authority or other government &
semi government agencies.

IX. If the tower cranes are being used for any development, an approval
with the recommendation of qualified person and insurance cover shall
be obtained from institution where relevant development approval was
granted.

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Urban Development Authority

X. The legal parking requirements for any development shall be fulfilled in Chapter 07
accordance with Schedule VIII in Chapter 8.3. Development Zones,
Development Regula-
XI. The minimum width of an access road for land to be used for residen- -tions & Guidelines
tial and the maximum number of lots that can be subdivided shall be in
accordance with Schedule IX in Chapter 8.3. ⸺

XII. The minimum width of the access road for non-residential developments D e velopment Zone
shall be 9m. Industry having floor area of 1500Sq.m or more and stores/
warehouses having floor area of 2500Sq.m shall have minimum of 12m P lan n i n g ,
road in width. D e velopment
Reg ulati ons &
XIII. In cases where the development premises face more than one road Gui deli n es
having right of way with a minimum width of 6 m or more that connected
to the main roads independently, the calculation of the permissible
development may be considered while taking into account the total
width of the access roads on a case-by-case basis.

XIV. If the land within the street line (Sanctioned/provisional) is gifted for
road without compensation, the total area of the land shall be counted
for the permissible floor area ratio of the proposed development.
But percentage of plot coverage shall be calculated according to the
remaining land area except the part within the street line.

XV. Plant species recommended by the Colombo Municipal Council shall be

planted and maintained as a green cover in the open spaces that should
be kept within the development premises.

XVI. Considering the size and growth of the above green cover, providing
relief for taxes to be paid to the Municipal Council can be considered.

XVII. The requirements for Mezzanine Floor shall be as follows

• The floor area of the mezzanine floor shall not be exceeded

50% of its based floor.

• Minimum clear height at every above & below point from the
mezzanine floor shall not be less than 2.5m.

• The mezzanine floor shall have no connectivity for any other

upper floor.

XVIII. The Authority shall have powers to decide final approval of any uses
which are not mentioned in the permissible uses category as per
zoning plan.

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 07 XIX. In case of any problem regarding a wetland, the Planning Committee of
Development Zones, the Urban Development Authority shall have power to take a decision
Development Regula- subject to the recommendations of Department of Agrarian Services,
-tions & Guidelines Central Environmental Authority, Sri Lanka Land Development Corpora-
tion and Environment and Landscape Division of the Urban Development
⸺ Authority.

D e ve l o pm e n t Zo n e XX. In cases where any land belongs to two or more zones, the zone of the
land shall determine by the zone that belongs to the main access road of
Planning, the land. If both roads are in same width, the zone which the access road
D e v e l o pm e n t with greater frontage shall be applied.
Reg u l at i o n s &
G u i de l i n e s XXI. When a zone is demarcated as the first block facing an access road as
the zone boundary, the entire plot shall include in that zone. When the
plots in the back is somehow merged with the first plot and approved as
a single plot of land, the last boundary of that total land shall be consid-
ered as the zonal boundary.

XXII. Existing uses which are not permissible within particular zone can be
considered only for continuing under prevailing status. Approval for any
extension of those existing uses shall not be considered.

XXIII. The boundaries shown in the zoning plan are defined by both the
physical boundaries and the geographical coordinates and in case of a
boundary difference the physical boundary should be considered as the
boundary of the zone.

XXIV. If a piece of land falls between two Local Authority areas, the Authority
shall determine the use of that land on the agreement of the relevant
Local Authorities for the use of the zone which gets the main access.

XXV. Proposed Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Private and International Schools

shall not be permitted to construct except in cases where the Authority
considers it as a special project and only amendments for existing build-
ings and new buildings for facilities not exceeding number of students
shall be permitted.

XXVI. In cases where the legal parking requirement is 4 or more but it is not
possible to provide for proposed non-residential developments except
in the Residential Development Zone, Sea Front Mixed Development
Zone and Special Primary Residential Development Zone, approval shall
be granted subject to a service charge up to 25% of the legal parking
requirement. However, the Authority has the power to decide the
amount of parking that can be fined in cases where the legal parking
requirement is less than four.

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Urban Development Authority

XXVII. The Authority shall decide either granting approval or no for the Chapter 07
construction of a new religious building subject to the recommenda- Development Zones,
tions of the Divisional Secretariat and the relevant Ministry of Development Regula-
Religious Affairs. -tions & Guidelines

XXVIII. No permission will be granted for construction of newly proposed ceme- ⸺

teries / crematoriums and only upgrading of existing cemetery facilities
shall be permitted. D e velopment Zone

XXIX. Construction of various religious statues, symbols and other religious P lan n i n g ,
towers are not permitted within the building lines, road widening bound- D e velopment
aries and reservations. Reg ulati ons &
Gui deli n es
XXX. Notwithstanding, it is mentioned in the Gazette Notification No. 2235/54
dated 08 th July 2021 issued by the Urban Development Authority, a
Preliminary Planning Clearance shall be obtained from the Urban Devel-
opment Authority for the following situations.

• The developments to be carried out in Development Guide Plan Area

as mentioned in above 'v'.
• The all developments activities in public open space zone.
• The buildings exceeding 1000Sq.m or over 30m in height.
• The Ayurwedha or western medical centers and all private hospitals &
medical centers.
• The industry, stores & warehouse and related development activity.
• The condominium developments having five units or more.
• The telecommunication towers.
• The Advertisement boards (A & B class roads).
• The development activities belong to special projects category.
• The other activities where Urban Development Authority decides to take
preliminary planning clearance except above.

XXXI. In the event that a provisional street line falls only to provide access
through a plot of land, the land within that street line shall be gifted
to the Colombo Municipal Council without compensation prior develop
the land.

XXXII. No constructions will be permitted within the building line and only the
construction of boundary walls may be permitted subject to signing of a
non-compensation agreement with the institutions that owns the road.

XXXIII. A service line clearance should be obtained from the Water supply &
Drainage Division of the Colombo Municipal Council and National Water
Supply & Drainage Board when apply for approval for a land (subdivi-
sion, amalgamation, re-survey or perimeter survey)

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 07 XXXIV. A clearance certificates should be obtained from relevant institutions

Development Zones, when apply for development permit applications for following develop-
Development Regula- ments.
-tions & Guidelines

⸺ Institution Nature of Development

Water supply & Drainge Division in

D e ve l o pm e n t Zo n e
Colombo Municipal Council Any building
(Ser vice line & supply clerance)
Planning,
D e v e l o pm e n t National Water Supply & Drainage Board
Any building
Reg u l at i o n s & (Ser vice line clerance)
G u i de l i n e s
• Residentail building
exceeding 400sq.m or having
Depar tment of Fire Ser vice 3units or more
• Any non-residential building
• Any condominium building

• Any residentail building

Solidwaste Managemnt Division in
having 5 unit or more.
Colombo Municaipl Council
• Any non-residential building

Any buildng exceeding

Civil Aviation Authorit y
15m in height

Condominiu Management Authorit y Any Condominium Building

As decide by the Authorit y in

Other institutions
occationaly

XXXV. The Urban Development Authority shall have powers to made final
decision when there is an issue regarding legalized plan, development or
building regulation or its interpretation or practical application.

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298
Urban Development Authority

Chapter
08
Zoning
Guidelines

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 08 Municipal Council area has been divided area into 10 zones
Zoning Guidelines & 23 subzones under Colombo City Development Plan 2022–2031.
Proposed development regulations to be implemented for each zone
⸺
are as follows.
Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s
8.1. Zoning Regulations
C o n centrated Mixe d
D e v el op ment Zone
8.1.1. Concentrated Mixed Development Zone

1. Principal Zone Concentrated Mixed Development Zone

North: Star ting from Sambodhi Chait ya and up to

end point of Bastian Road and Church Street via
Eastern direction, from there up to connecting point
of George R. de Silva Mawatha through N.H.M. Abdul
Carder Road, Beach Road, St. Anthony's Mawatha
and Sirmathan Ramanathan Mawatha via
Nor theastern direction. From there, up to Armor
Street Junction along George R. de Silva Mawatha via
Southeastern direction

East: From the ending point of the above nor thern

boundar y to the Panchikawat te roundabout along
the Sri Sumanatissa Mawatha via southern direction.
From there up to Maradana Junction through
Panchikawat te road via southern direction. From
there up to connecting point of Ven. Baddegama
Wimalawansa Mawatha along the Maradana Road
2. Zoning Boundar y through Southeastern side and from there up to the
Lipton Roundabout along Baddegama Wimalawansa
Mawatha in southern direction.

South: From the ending point of the above eastern

boundar y up to the to the point where it joins Sir
Marcus Fernando Mawatha along Sir Anagarika
Dharmapala Mawatha via southwest direction and
from there to the point where it joins Ananda
Coomaraswamy Mawatha along Sir Marcus Fernando
Mawatha in southern direction. From there up to the
point where it joins the Sri Anagarika Dharmapala
Mawatha along Ananda Coomaraswamy Mawatha in
western direction and from there up to Kollupitiya
Junction along Sir Anagarika Dharmapala Mawatha in
western direction and from there up to Indian ocean
boundar y along Kolluptiya Station Road in western
direction

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Urban Development Authority

Chapter 08
West: The entire area is bounded by a line drawn Zoning Guidelines
from the end point of the southern above boundar y
up to the Galle Face Roundabout along Indian Ocean ⸺
boundar y in Nor thern direction. And from there up
to above nor thern star ting point of Sambodhi Zon i n g Regulations
Chait ya along the Chait ya Road in nor thern direction
C on cen t rate d M i xe d
De vel opm e nt Zo ne
High Dense Medium Dense Low Dense
Concentrated Concentrated Concentrated
3. Sub Zone Mixed Mixed Mixed
Development Development Development
Zone Zone Zone

4. Zone Code CMDZ 01 CMDZ 02 CMDZ 03

5. Zone Factor 3.75 3.25 3.00

6. Permissible FAR /
As per the form “A” & “B” in Schedule I & II
Number of f loors

As per the form “B” in schedule II and form “E” in

7. Permissible Plot
Schedule III
Coverage
(Subject to Maximum of 65%)

8. Setbacks & As per the form “B” in Schedule II and form “E” in
Maximum Height Schedule III

9. Minimum land
extent for sub 150Sq.m
division

Permissible uses - (As per the form

Principal use
“H” in Schedule VI)

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,1
Residential
6,17

10. Permissible uses Health 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11

Of fice &
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Institution

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
Commercial
11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19

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Zoning Guidelines Education 1,2*,3*,4*,5*,6,8,9,10,11,12

⸺ Customer Care
1,2,3,4,5
Ser vices
Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s
Tourism 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
C o n centrated Mixe d
D e v el op ment Zone
Social Ser vice &
1,2,3,4,5*
Religious

Industr y 1,2,3,4,5,7,8

Recreational 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

Other 1,3,4,8,9

• Penalties can be considered for the parking

slots that cannot be provided practically

• Developments in the lands zoned as common /

public open areas should be in accordance with
11. Common zoning
the regulations mentioned under Development
regulations
Zones.

• *only amendments for existing buildings and

new buildings for improve facilities shall be
permit ted.

Table No. 8.1 : Concentrated Mixed Development Zone

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Urban Development Authority

8.1.2. Mixed Development Zone I Chapter 08

Zoning Guidelines

⸺
1. Principal Zone Mixed Development Zone I

Zon i n g Regulations
North : Staring from Nor thwest point of the land
located western side of Galle road and Sothern side M ixed De ve l o p me nt
of Kollupitiya station road while facing Galle road & Zon e I
Kollupitiya station road up to Galle road along
Kollupitiya station road in Eastern direction, from
there up to Kollupitiya junction. From there up to the
point where it joins Ananda Coomaraswamy Mawatha
along Sir Anagarika Dharmapala Mawatha towards
the east and from there to the nor thwestern
boundar y of the first land facing Sir Ernest de Silva
Mawatha along Ananda Coomaraswamy Mawatha.

East : From the ending point of the above nor thern

boundar y to the last western boundar y of the land
bordering Sir Ernest de Silva Mawatha and
Kumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha along last western
boundar y of the first land located in western side of
Sir Ernest de Silva Mawatha via southeastern
direction. From there up to the last western
boundar y of the land bordering the Kumaratunga
Munidasa Mawatha and Reed Mawatha. along last
western boundar y of the first land located in western
2. Zoning Boundar y
side of Kumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha via
southern direction. From there up to the last
nor thern boundar y of the land located in southern
side of Bauddhaloka Mawatha and eastern side of
Havelock Road vial Thunmulla roundabout. From
there up to the boundar y of Kirulapona Ela along last
eastern boundar y of the first lot located in eastern
side of Havelock Road

South : From the end point of the eastern boundar y

to the point where it joins the Peterson Lane along
the Kirulapone Canal boundar y via western direction,
from there up to the W. A Silva Mawatha along the
Peterson Lane via south direction, from there up to
the point where Hampden Lane joins along W. A .
Silva Mawatha via western direction, from there up
to Dehiwala canal along Hampden lane via South
direction, from there up to the Galle road along
Dehiwala Canal bank, from there up to last
Southwestern boundar y of the fist lot located in
Western side of Galle road and Nor t side of Dehiwala
Canal facing galle road

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Zoning Guidelines West : The entire area is bounded by a line drawn
from the end point of the above southern boundar y

⸺ to above nor thern star ting point along last Western

boundar y of the fist lot located facing Western side
of Galle road via Nor th direction
Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s

High Dense Medium Dense Low Dense

M i xe d De ve l op me nt
Zone I Mixed Mixed Mixed
3. Sub Zone
Development Development Development
Zone Zone Zone

4. Zone Code MDZ-I 01 MDZ-I 02 MDZ-I 03

2.00 (Land
having extent of
5. Zone Factor 3.25 2.50
1000Sq.m or
more)

As per the form

6. Permissible FAR / As per the form “A” & “B” in
“F” in Schedule
Number of f loors Schedule I & II
IV

7. Permissible Plot As per the form “B” in schedule II and form “E” in
Coverage Schedule III (Subject to Maximum of 65%)

8. Setbacks & As per the form “B” in Schedule II and form “E” in
Maximum Height Schedule III

9. Minimum land
extent for sub 150Sq.m 500Sq.m
division

Permissible uses - (As per the form

Principal use
“H” in Schedule VI)

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,1
Residential
6,17

Health 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11

10. Permissible uses

Of fice &
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Institution

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
Commercial
11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19

Education 1,2*,3*,4*,5*,6,9,10,11,12

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Customer Care Zoning Guidelines
1,2,3,4,5
Ser vices

⸺
Tourism 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

Zon i n g Regulations
Social Ser vice &
1,2,3,4,5*
Religious M ixed De ve l o p me nt
Zon e I
Industr y 1,2,3,4,5,8

Recreational 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

Other 1,3,4,8,9

• Penalties can be considered for the parking

slots that cannot be provided practically

• Developments in the lands zoned as common /

public open areas should be in accordance with
11. Common zoning the regulations mentioned under Development
regulations Zones.

• *only amendments for existing buildings and

new buildings for improve facilities shall be
permit ted.

Table No. 8.2 : Mixed Development Zone I

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Chapter 08 8.1.3. Sea Front Mixed Development Zone

Zoning Guidelines

⸺
1. Principal Zone Sea Front Mixed Development Zone

Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s
North : Star ting from the point where located at

S ea Front Mixed Indian Ocean coastal belt straight to the Kollupitiya

D e v el op ment Zone Station Road to the Nor thwestern boundar y of the
land located in South side of Kollupitiya Station Road
& Western side of Galle Road facing Galle Road &
Kollupitiya Station Road along Kollupitiya Station
Road via Eastern direction

East : From the ending point of the above nor thern

boundar y to Dehiwala Canal boundar y along last
Western boundar y of the first lots located facing
2. Zoning Boundar y
Western side of Galle Road via South direction

South : From the end point of the above eastern

boundar y to the coastal belt of the Indian Ocean
along the Dehiwala canal boundar y via West
direction

West : The entire area is bounded by a line drawn

from the end point of the above Southern boundar y
to the above Nor thern star ting point along the
coastal belt of the Indian Ocean via Nor th direction

3. Sub Zone –

4. Zone Code SMDZ

5. Zone Factor 2.50

6. Permissible FAR /
As per the form “A” & “B” in Schedule I & II
Number of f loors

7. Permissible Plot For land having extent of 500Sq.m or more - 50%

Coverage For land having extent less than 500Sq.m - 65%

8. Setbacks & As per the form “B” in Schedule II and form “E” in
Maximum Height Schedule III

9. Minimum land
extent for sub 500Sq.m
division

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Permissible uses – (As per the form Zoning Guidelines
Principal use
“H” in Schedule VI)

⸺
Residential 1,2,3,4,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17

Zon i n g Regulations
Health 2

S ea Fron t M i xe d
Of fice & De vel opm e nt Zo ne
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Institution

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,1
Commercial
7,18,19

Education 1, 2*,3*,4*,5*,6,9,10,11,12
10. Permissible uses

Customer Care
1,2,3,4,5
Ser vices

Tourism 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

Social Ser vice &

3,4,5
Religious

Industr y 3

Recreational 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

Other 1,3,4,8,9

• Penalties cannot be considered for the parking

slots that cannot be provided practically

• Developments in the lands zoned as common /

public open areas should be in accordance with
11. Common zoning
the regulations mentioned under Development
regulations
Zones.

• *only amendments for existing buildings and

new buildings for improve facilities shall be
permit ted.

Table No. 8.3 : Sea Front Mixed Development Zone

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Chapter 08 8.1.4. Concentrated Logistic Development Zone

Zoning Guidelines

⸺
1. Principal Zone Concentrated Logistic Development Zone

Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s
North : Star ting from the Nor theastern point on the
C o n ce ntrated Logistic
south bank of the Kelani River which joins the Indian
D e v el op ment Zone
Ocean to the point where south bank of the Kelani
River joins the Sri Wickrama Mawatha along the
south bank of the Kelani River via East direction.

East : From the ending point of the above nor thern

boundar y to the point where it joins the St. Sebastian
Canal and Kelani River along the western boundar y
of the Kelani River via south direction and from there
up to the new Kelani Bridge Road along the western
bank of the St. Sebastian Canal in Southwestern
direction and from there up to Ingurukade junction
in western direction.

South : From the end point of the above eastern

boundar y to Armor Street Junction along Sirimavo
2. Zoning Boundar y Bandaranaike Mawatha via southwestern direction
and from there up to Kotahena Junction along
George R De Silva Mawatha via Nor th direction and
from there up to point where it connects Sri
Ramanathan Mawatha along George R De Silva
Mawatha via West direction and from there up to the
point where it connects St. Anthony's Mawatha along
Sri Ramanathan Mawatha via south direction and
from there up to the point where it joins Sir Baron
Jayatilake Mawatha along St. Anthony's Mawatha,
Beach Road and N H M Abdul Carder Road via south
direction and from there up to the Sambodhi Chait ya
along Sir Baron Jayathilake Mawatha, Bastian
Mawatha and Church Street via west direction.

West : The entire area is bounded by a line drawn

from the end point of the above Southern boundar y
to the above Nor thern star ting point along coastal
belt of the Indian Ocean via West & Nor th direction
including Colombo Por t area

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High Dense Medium Dense Low Dense Zoning Guidelines
Concentrated Concentrated Concentrated
3. Sub Zone Logistic Logistic Logistic ⸺
Development Development Development
Zone Zone Zone
Zon i n g Regulations

4. Zone Code CLDZ 01 CLDZ 02 CLDZ 03 C on cen t rate d Lo g i sti c

De vel opm e nt Zo ne
5. Zone Factor 3.00 2.75 2.50

6. Permissible FAR /
As per the form “A” & “B” in Schedule I & II
Number of f loors

7. Permissible Plot As per the form “B” in schedule II and form “E” in
Coverage Schedule III (Subject to Maximum of 65%)

8. Setbacks & As per the form “B” in Schedule II and form “E” in
Maximum Height Schedule III

9. Minimum land
extent for sub 150Sq.m
division

Permissible uses – (As per the form

Principal use
“H” in Schedule VI)

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,1
Residential
6,17

Health 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11

Of fice &
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Institution

10. Permissible uses 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,

Commercial
11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19

Education 1,2*,3*,4*,5*,6,7,8,9,10,11,12

Customer Care
1,2,3,4,5
Ser vices

Tourism 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

Social Ser vice &

1,2,3,4,5*
Religious

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Zoning Guidelines 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,1
Industr y
6,17,18
⸺
Recreational 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s
1,2,3,4,8,9
C o n ce ntrated Logistic *Por t, custom & logistic ser vice
D e v el op ment Zone related uses (Custom clearance,
Other value added activities, quarantine
centers & zones, logistic related
distribution & checking centers,
reshipping activities)

• Penalties can be considered for the parking

slots that cannot be provided practically

• Developments in the lands zoned as common /

public open areas should be in accordance with
11. Common zoning the regulations mentioned under Development
regulations Zones.

• *only amendments for existing buildings and

new buildings for improve facilities shall be
permit ted.

Table No. 8.4 : Concentrated Logistic Development Zone

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

310
Urban Development Authority

8.1.5. Promoted Mixed Development Zone Chapter 08

Zoning Guidelines

⸺
1. Principal Zone Promoted Mixed Development Zone

Zon i n g Regulations
North : Star ting from the connecting point of
P rom oted M i xe d
Maradana Road and Sri Vajiragnana Mawatha to the
De vel opm e nt Zo ne
point where it joins N.M. Ishaq Mawatha along Sri
Vajiragnana Mawatha via Eastern direction and from
there up to the point where it joins Dematagoda
Road along the N.M. Ishaq Mawatha via Eastern
direction and from there up to point where it joins
Danister de Silva Mawatha along Dematagoda road
via Eastern direction and from there up to the point
where it joins Abhaya Place along Kolonnawa Road
via Eastern direction

East : From the ending point of the above nor thern

boundar y up to the point where it joins Palitha Place
along Abhaya Place via South direction and from
there up to the point where it joins Veluwana Road
via West direction and from there up to the Veluwana
Place along Veluwan Road & Veluwana Terrace via
South direction And from there to the point where it
joins the Baseline Place via west direction and from
2. Zoning Boundar y there up to the point where it joins the Wanathamulla
Road along Baseline Place via Sri Nigrodharama
Mawatha via south direction and from there up to
the point where it joins the Lesly Ranagala Road
along the Wanathamulla road via southeast direction
from there up to the point where it joins the
Ruhunukala Mawatha along Lesly Ranagala Road via
south direction from there up to nor t west boundar y
of the first lot facing Dr. N. M. Perera Mawatha along
Ruhunukala Mawatha via South direction and from
there up to the boundr y of Kinda Canal parallel to
the N.M. Perera Mawatha along last bonudar y of the
first lot facing N.M Perera Mawatha via East direction
and form there up to Sri Jayawardenapura Mawatha
along the boundar y of Kindha Canal via South
direction And from there up to the Devi Balika
Vidyalaya Junction along Sri Jayawardenapura
Mawatha via West direction and form there up to the
point where it joins the Kithulwat ta Road along Ven.
Palpola Vipassi Nahimi Mawatjha and from there up
to the Heen Canal along West & Soth boundar y of the
Golf Ground

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Zoning Guidelines
South : From the end point of the above eastern
boundar y up to the point where it joins the Canal at
⸺ western side of the Army Hospital premises along
Heen Canal via west direction
Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s

P romote d Mixe d West : The entire area is bounded by a line drawn

D e v el op ment Zone from the end point of the above Southern boundar y
to the point where it joins Bauddahaloka Mawatha
of f Road (Located above Victoria Place) running
perpendicular to the Baseline Road along the Canal
at western side of the Army Hospital premises via
Nor th direction and from there up to the point where
it joins the Main Baudhaloka Mawatha in the east and
nor th direction, and from there up to Borella
Cemeter y Junction along the Baudhaloka Mawatha in
East direction and from there up to southeastern
boundar y of first lot facing Ward Place located in
west side of Kynsy Road & south side of Ward Place
along Kynsy Road via Nor th direction and from there
up to the Lipton Roundabout along the last south
boundar y of first lot located facing south side of
Ward Place via west direction and from there up to
Maradana Road along Ven. Baddegama Wimalawansa
Mawatha in a nor th direction and from there up to to
the above Nor thern star ting point along Maradana
Road

High Dense Medium Dense Low Dense

Promoted Mixed Promoted Mixed Promoted Mixed
3. Sub Zone
Development Development Development
Zone Zone Zone

4. Zone Code PMDZ 01 PMDZ 02 PMDZ 03

5. Zone Factor 3.50 3.25 2.75

6. Permissible FAR /
As per the form “A” & “B” in Schedule I & II
Number of f loors

7. Permissible Plot As per the form “B” in schedule II and form “E” in
Coverage Schedule III (Subject to Maximum of 65%)

8. Setbacks & As per the form “B” in Schedule II and form “E” in
Maximum Height Schedule III

9. Minimum land
extent for sub 150Sq.m
division

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Permissible uses – (As per the Zoning Guidelines
Principal use
form “H” in Schedule VI)

⸺
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,1
Residential
6,17 Zon i n g Regulations

Health 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 P rom oted M i xe d

De vel opm e nt Zo ne
Of fice &
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Institution

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
Commercial
11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19

10. Permissible uses Education 1,2*,3*,4*,5*,6,8,9,10,11,12

Customer Care
1,2,3,4,5
Ser vices

Tourism 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

Social Ser vice &

1,2,3,4,5*
Religious

Industr y 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,12,13,14,15,16,17,18

Recreational 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

Other 1,3,4,8,9

• Penalties can be considered for the parking

slots that cannot be provided practically

• Developments in the lands zoned as common /

public open areas should be in accordance with
11. Common zoning
the regulations mentioned under Development
regulations
Zones.

• *only amendments for existing buildings and

new buildings for improve facilities shall be
permit ted.

Table No. 8.5 : Promoted Mixed Development Zone

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Chapter 08 8.1.6. Mixed Development Zone II

Zoning Guidelines

⸺
1. Principal Zone Mixed Development Zone II

Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s

North : Star ting from Armor Street Junction to the

M i xe d De ve l op me nt
Ingurukade Junction along Sirimavo Bandaranaike
Zone II
Mawatha via East direction and from there up to the
point where it crosses the St. Sebastian Canal along
New Kelani Bridge Road via East direction and from
there up to Danister De Silva Mawatha along the
boundar y of St. Sebastian Canal via south direction.

East : From the ending point of the above nor thern

boundar y up to the point where it crosses the
Dematagoda canal via south direction and from
there up to point where it joins Mihindusenpura
Mawatha along the Dematagoda canal boundar y via
east direction.and from there up to the nor theast
boundar y of the land located in East side of Danister
De Silva Mawatha & South side of Mihindusenpura
Mawatha along Mihindusenpura Mawatha via
southwest directionand from ther up to the point
2. Zoning Boundar y where it connects Kolonnawa Road along last eastern
boundar y of all first lots.

South : From the end point of the above eastern

boundar y up to the Danister De Silva Mawatha along
Kolonnawa Road via west direction and from there
up to the point where it connects Maradana Road
along Dematagoda Road, N.M. Ishaq Road & Sri
Vajiragnana Mawatha via west direction.

West : The entire area is bounded by a line drawn

from the end point of the above Southern boundar y
to the point where it connects Panchikawat ta road
along Maradana road via nor thwest direction and
from there up to the above Nor thern star ting point
along Pachikawat ta Road Sri Sumanatissa mawatha
via nor th direction.

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Chapter 08
High Dense Medium Dense Low Dense Zoning Guidelines
Mixed Mixed Mixed
3. Sub Zone
Development Development Development ⸺
Zone II Zone II Zone II
Zon i n g Regulations
4. Zone Code MDZ-II 01 MDZ-II 02 MDZ-II 03
M ixed De ve l o p me nt
Zon e II
5. Zone Factor 3.00 2.75 2.50

6. Permissible FAR /
As per the form “A” & “B” in Schedule I & II
Number of f loors

7. Permissible Plot As per the form “B” in schedule II and form “E” in
Coverage Schedule III (Subject to Maximum of 65%)

8. Setbacks & As per the form “B” in Schedule II and form “E” in
Maximum Height Schedule III

9. Minimum land
extent for sub 150Sq.m
division

Permissible uses – (As per the form

Principal use
“H” in Schedule VI)

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,1
Residential
6,17

Health 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11

Of fice &
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Institution
10. Permissible uses

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
Commercial
11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19

Education 1,2*,3*,4*,5*,6,8,9,10,11,12

Customer Care
1,2,3,4,5
Ser vices

Tourism 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

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Zoning Guidelines Social Ser vice &
1,2,3,4,5*
Religious
⸺
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,1
Industr y
Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s 6,17,18

M i xe d De ve l op me nt Recreational 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
Zone II

Other 1,3,4,8,9

• Penalties can be considered for the parking

slots that cannot be provided practically

• Developments in the lands zoned as common /

public open areas should be in accordance with
11. Common zoning
the regulations mentioned under Development
regulations
Zones.

• *only amendments for existing buildings and

new buildings for improve facilities shall be
permit ted.

Table No. 8.6 : Mixed Development Zone II

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

316
Urban Development Authority

8.1.7. Residentail Prominent Mixed Development Zone Chapter 08

Zoning Guidelines

⸺
1. Principal Zone Residentail Prominent Mixed Development Zone

Zon i n g Regulations
North : Star ting from the point it connects ending
point of Thimbirigasyaya Lane and Heen canal (at Res iden ta i l
western side of the Army Hospital premises) from P rom in en t M i xe d
there up to center point of Elvitigala Mawatha along De vel opm e nt Zo ne
south boundar y of above canal via east direction and
from there up to the Kindha Canal (Located across
Kirimandala Mawatha) along south boundar y of
above canal via east direction

East : From the ending point of the above nor thern

boundar y up to the point where it joins the
Kirulapone canal along the Kindha canal via south
direction and from there up to the last eastern
boundar y of the first lot facing east side of the
Elvitigala Mawatha along Kirulapone canal via west
direction and from there up to last nor th boundar y
of the first lot facing nor th side of the Highlevel road
along last eastern boundar y of the first lot facing
east side of the Elvitigala Mawatha via south
direction and from there up to the point that
Colombo Municipal Council boundar y and the Sri
2. Zoning Boundar y
Jayawardenapura Kot te Municipal Council boundar y
are separated along last nor th boundar y of the first
lot facing nor th side of the Highlevel Road via east
direction

South : From the end point of the above eastern

boundar y up to the point where it joins Dehiwala
Canal along the boundar y that Colombo Municipal
Council boundar y and the Dehiwala Mount-Lavinia
Municipal Council boundar y are separated via west
direction and from there up to the point where it
joins Hampden Lane along nor th boundar y of the
Dehiwala Canal via west direction.

West : The entire area is bounded by a line drawn from

end point of the southern above boundary to the point
where it connects W. A. Silva Mawatha along Hampden
Lane via north direction and from there up to the point
where it connects Peterson Road along W. A. Silva
Mawatha via

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Zoning Guidelines
east direction and from there up to the point where
it connects Kirulapone canal along Peterson Road via
⸺ nor th direction and from there up to the last east
boundar y of the first lot facing east side of the
Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s Highlevel road along south boundar y of the
Kirulapone canal via east direction and from trhere
Re s id entail up to the point where it connects Sri Siddhar tha
P romine nt Mixed Road along last eastern boundar y of the first lot
D e v el op ment Zone facing east side of the Highlevel Road via southeast
direction and from there up to to the point where it
connects Kirulapone Avenue along last nor th
boundar y of the first lot facing nor th side of the
Highlevel Road via east direction from there up to
the last west boundar y of the first lot facing west
side of the Elvitigala Mawatha along Kirulapone
Avenue via nor th direction and from there up to the
point where it connects Kirulapone canal along last
west boundar y of the first lot facing west side of the
Elvitigala Mawatha via nor th direction and from
there up to the Gunathilaka Mawatha along the
Kirulapone Canal and from there up to the point
where it joins the Park Road at nor th direction and
from there up to the Kirula Road along eastern
boundar y of Sur vey Depar tment, Anderson Flats &
Shalika Ground via nor th direction and from there up
to the Abhayarama Lane along the Kirula Road via
east direction and from there up to the
Thimbirigasyaya Road along the Abhayarama Lane
via nor th direction and from there up to point where
it locates away 100m along Thimbirigasyaya Road in
west direction and to the above Nor thern star ting
point along the road at nor th direction

High Dense Residentail Low Dense Residentail

3. Sub Zone Prominent Mixed Prominent Mixed
Development Zone Development Zone

4. Zone Code RPMDZ 01 RPMDZ 02

5. Zone Factor 2.50 2.25

6. Permissible FAR /
As per the form “A” & “B” in Schedule I & II
Number of f loors

7. Permissible Plot As per the form “B” in schedule II and form “E” in
Coverage Schedule III (Subject to Maximum of 65%)

8. Setbacks & As per the form “B” in Schedule II and form “E” in
Maximum Height Schedule III

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9. Minimum land Zoning Guidelines
extent for sub 150Sq.m
division ⸺

Permissible uses – (As per the form

Principal use Zon i n g Regulations
“H” in Schedule VI)

Res iden ta i l
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,1
Residential P rom in en t M i xe d
6,17 De vel opm e nt Zo ne

Health 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11

Of fice &
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Institution

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
Commercial
11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19

10. Permissible uses Education 1,2*,3*,4*,5*,8,9,11,12

Customer Care
1,2,3,4,5
Ser vices

Tourism 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

Social Ser vice &

1,2,3,4,5*
Religious

Industr y 1,2,3,4,7,12,13,14,15,16,17,18

Recreational 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

Other 1,3,4,8,9

• Penalties can be considered for the parking

slots that cannot be provided practically.

• Developments in the lands zoned as common /

public open areas should be in accordance with
11. Common zoning
the regulations mentioned under Development
regulations
Zones.

• *only amendments for existing buildings and

new buildings for improve facilities shall be
permit ted.

Table No. 8.7 : Premium Residentail Mixed Development Zone

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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Chapter 08 8.1.8. Residentail Development Zone

Zoning Guidelines

⸺
1. Principal Zone Residentail Development Zone

Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s
Zone 1

Re s id entail
D e v el op ment Zone North : Star ting from the nor theast boundar y of the
first lot located facing nor th side of Thimbirigasyaya
Road and east side of Highlevel Road up to the
Jawat ta Road along last nor th boundar y of the first
lot located in nor th side of Thimbirigasyaya Road via
east direction and from there up to the last south
boundar y of the first lot located in south side of
Suleiman Avenue along Jawat ta Road via nor th
directionand from there up to the Botheju Road
along the last south boundar y of said first lot of the
Suleiman Avenue via east direction and from there
up to Torring ton Road along sub road in east
direction and from there up to the point where it
connects Thimbirigasyaya Place along Heen Canal via
east direction

East : From the ending point of the above nor thern

boundar y up to the Thimbirigasyaya Road along the
Thimbirigasyaya Place via south direction and from
there up to the point where it connects Abhayarama
2. Zoning Boundar y Lane via west direction and from there to kirula road
along Abhayarama Lane via south direction and from
there up to the point where it connects road at east
side of Sur vey Depar tment along Kirula road via west
direction and from there up to Park Road along the
said road and east side of Shalika Ground via south
direction and from there up to the Kirulapone canal
along the Gunathilaka Road via south direction and
from there up to the last boundar y of the first lot
located facing west side of Elvitigala Mawatha along
the Kirulapone canal via east direction and from
there up to Kirulapone Avenue along the last
boundar y of said first lots via south direction and
from there up to the last nor th boundar y of the first
lot located in west side of Kirulapone Avenue & nor th
side of Highlevel Road along the Kirulapone Avenue
via south direction

South : From the end point of the above eastern

boundar y up to the point where it connects Sri
Siddhar tha Mawatha along the last nor th boundar y
of the first lot located in nor th side of Highlevel road
via east direction

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West : The entire area is bounded by a line drawn Zoning Guidelines
from end point of the above southern boundar y to
the point where it connects park road along the last ⸺
boundar y of said first lots via west direction and
from there up to the Highlevl road via west direction Zon i n g Regulations
and from there up to point where it connects
Isipathana Mawatha along Highlevel road via nor th Res iden ta i l
direction and from there up to the above Nor thern De vel opm e nt Zo ne
star ting point along last east boundar y of the first
lots located in east side of Highlevel Road

Zone 2

North : Star ting from the nor theast boundar y of the

first lot located facing in south side of Kirulapone
Canal & east side of Elvitigala Mawatha to the point
where it connects Kindha Canal along the boundar y
of Kirulapone Canal via east direction

East : From the ending point of the above northern

boundary up to the Kirulapone along the line that
Colombo Municipal Council boundary and the Sri
Jayawardenapura Kotte Municipal Council boundary are
separated via south direction

South : From the end point of the above eastern

boundary up to the last north boundary of the first lot
located in north side of Highlevel Road along the line that
Colombo Municipal Council boundary and the Sri
Jayawardenapura Kotte Municipal Council boundary are
separated via west direction and from there up to the last
east boundary of the first lot located in east side of
Elvitigala Mawatha along the north side of the above said
(north side of Highlevel Road) first lots via west direction

West : The entire area is bounded by a line drawn

from the end point of the above Southern boundar y
to the above Nor thern star ting point from end point
of the southern boundar y along lase east boundar y
of the first lots located in east side of Elvitigala
Mawatha via nor th direction

Zone 3

North : Star ting from the Castle Roundabout to

Ayur vedha Roundabout along Castle Street via east
direction and from there up to the point where it
connects Kindha Canal via east direction

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Chapter 08
Zoning Guidelines East : From the ending point of the above northern
boundary up to the point where it connects Heen Canal
⸺ along the line that Colombo Municipal Council boundary
and the Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte Municipal Council

Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s boundary are separated with Kindha Canal via south
direction

Re s id entail
D e v el op ment Zone
South : From the end point of the above eastern
boundary up to the east boundary of the Golf Ground
along the Heen Canal via west direction

West : The entire area is bounded by a line drawn

from end point of the above southern boundar y to
the point where it connects Ven. Pelpola Wipassi
Mawatha along the east boundar y of the Golf Ground
via nor th direction and from there up to the above
Nor thern star ting point along the Ven. Pelpola
Wipassi Mawatha

Zone 4

North : Star ting from the nor theast boundar y of the

first lot located facing south side of Mihindusenpura
Mawatha & East side of Danister De Silva Mawatha to
the Dematagoda Canal along Mihindusenpura
Mawatha via east direction

East : From the ending point of the above northern

boundary up to the last north boundary of the first lot
located facing in west side of Dematagoda Canal & north
side of Dr. N.M. Perera Mawatha along the line that
Colombo Municipal Council boundary and the Sri
Jayawardenapura Kotte Municipal Council boundary are
separated and the line that Colombo Municipal Council
boundary and the Kolonnawa Urban Council boundary
are separated with Dematagoda Canal via south direction

South : From the end point of the above eastern

boundary up to the Ruhunukala Mawatha along the last
north boundary of the first lots located facing north side
of the Dr. N.M. Perera Mawatha via west direction

West: The entire area is bounded by a line drawn

from the end point of the above Southern boundar y
to the Lesly Ranagala Mawatha along the

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Chapter 08
Ruhunukala Mawatha via north direction and from there Zoning Guidelines
up to the point where it connects Wanathamulla Road
along Lesly Ranagala Mawatha via north direction and ⸺
from there up to the point where it connects Sri
Nigrodharamaya Mawatha along Wanathamulla Road via Zon i n g Regulations
north direction and from there up to the point where it
connects Veluwana Place along Baseline Place via north Res iden ta i l
direction and from there up to the point where it De vel opm e nt Zo ne
connects Veluwana Terrace via east direction and from
there up to the point where it connects Veluwana Road
along Veluwana Terrace via north direction and from
there up to the point where it connects Palitha Place
along Veluwana Road via north direction and from there
up to 30m along Palitha Place via east direction and from
there up to the point where it connects Kolonnawa Road
& Abhaya Place along the road inline with Abhaya Place
via north direction and from there up to southeast
boundary of the first lot located facing in north side of
Mihindusenpura Road & east side of Danister De Silva
Mawatha along Kolonnawa Road via west direction and
from there up to the above Northern starting point along
the last east boundary of the first lots located in east side
of the Dainister De Silva Mawatha via north direction

High Dense Medium Dense Low Dense

Residentail Residentail Residentail
3. Sub Zone
Development Development Development
Zone Zone Zone

4. Zone Code RDZ 01 RDZ 02 RDZ 03

5. Zone Factor 2.25 2.00 1.75

6. Permissible FAR /
As per the form “A” & “B” in Schedule I & II
Number of f loors

7. Permissible Plot As per the form “B” in schedule II and form “E” in
Coverage Schedule III (Subject to Maximum of 65%)

8. Setbacks & As per the form “B” in Schedule II and form “E” in
Maximum Height Schedule III

9. Minimum land
extent for sub 150Sq.m
division

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Chapter 08
Zoning Guidelines Permissible uses – (As per the
Principal use
form “H” in Schedule VI)

⸺
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,
Residential
17
Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s

Health 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11
Re s id entail
D e v el op ment Zone
Of fice &
1,2,3,4,6,7,8
Institution

Commercial 1,2,4,5,6,10,12,13,14,16,17,19

Education 1,2*,3*,4*,5*
10. Permissible uses

Customer Care
1,2,3,4,5
Ser vices

Tourism 3,4

Social Ser vice &

1,2,3,4,5*
Religious

Industr y 3

Recreational 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

Other 1,3,4,8

• Penalties cannot be considered for the parking

slots that cannot be provided practically

• Developments in the lands zoned as common /

public open areas should be in accordance with
11. Common zoning
the regulations mentioned under Development
regulations
Zones.

• *only amendments for existing buildings and

new buildings for improve facilities shall be
permit ted.

Table No. 8.8 : Residentail Development Zone

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

324
Urban Development Authority

8.1.9. Special Primary Residentail Development Zone Chapter 08

Zoning Guidelines

1. Principal Zone Special Primar y Residentail Development Zone

⸺

Zon i n g Regulations
North : Star ting from the nor thwest boundar y of the
first lot located facing south side of Ananda
S pecia l P ri ma r y
Kumaraswami Mawatha & west side of Sir Ernest
Res iden ta i l
Silva Mawatha up to the point where it connects Sir
De vel opm e nt Zo ne
Marcus Fernando Mawatha via east direction and
from there up to the point where it connects Sir
Anagarika Dharmapala Mawatha via nor th direction
and from there up to the Lipton Roundabouts along
Sir Anagarika Dharmapala Mawatha via nor theast
direction and from there up to the Kynsy Road along
last south boundar y of the first lots located facing
south side of Ward Place via east direction

East : From the ending point of the above nor thern

boundar y up to the point where it connects Main
Bauddhaloka Mawatha along Kynsy Road via
southeast direction and from there up to the point
where it connects Bauddhaloka Mawatha sub road
along Main Bauddhaloka Mawatha via southwest
direction and from there up to the point where it
connects canal at west side of Army Hospital and
straight to the par t of the Bauddhaloka Mawatha sub
2. Zoning Boundar y
road (Perpendicular to Baseline Road) along
Bauddhaloka Mawatha sub road via south direction
and form there up to the point where it connects
Heen Canal along the boundar y of canal (at west side
of Army Hospital) via south direction

South : From the end point of the above eastern

boundar y up to the point where it connects
Torring ton Road along the boundar y of the Heen
Canal via west direction and from there up to the
Botheju Mawatha along of f road perpendicular to
Torring ton Road via west direction and from there up
to the Jawat ta Road along the last south boundar y of
the first lot located facing south side of the Suleiman
Avenue and from there up to the last nor theast
boundar y of the first lot located facing nor th side of
the Thimbirigasyaya Road along Jawat ta Road via
south direction and from there up to the last east
boundar y of the first lot located facing east side of
the Havelock Road along the last boundar y of the
first lots located facing nor th side of Thimbirigasyaya
Road via west direction

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Chapter 08
Zoning Guidelines
West : The entire area is bounded by a line drawn
⸺ from the end point of the above Southern boundar y
to the point where it connects Bauddhaloka Mawatha
along the last east boundar y of the first lots located
Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s
facing east side of the Havelock Road via nor th
direction and from there up to the above Nor thern
Sp e cial P rimar y
Re s id entail star ting point along the last boundar y of the first
D e v el op ment Zone lots located in nor th side of Bauddhaloka Mawatha &
west side of Read Avenue and along the last west
boundar y of the first lots located in west side of
Kumarathunga Munidasa Mawatha and along the last
west boundar y of the first lots located facing west
side of the Sir Ernest Silva Mawatha and

3. Sub Zone Not applicable

4. Zone Code SPRDZ

1.75 (only for land having extent of

5. Zone Factor
2500Sq.m or more)

6. Permissible FAR /
As per the form “G” in Schedule V
Number of f loors

7. Permissible Plot
As per the form “G” in Schedule V
Coverage

8. Setbacks & As per the form “B” in Schedule II, form “G” in
Maximum Height Schedule V and form “E” in Schedule III

9. Minimum land
extent for sub 500Sq.m
division

Permissible uses – (As per the form

Principal Use
“H” in Schedule VI)

Residential 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17

Health 2,4,6,7,10,11

Of fice &
10. Permissible uses 2**,4,7,8
Institution

Commercial 2**,10,13,14**,17

Education 1,2*,3*,4*,5*

Customer Care
1,2,3,4,5
Ser vices

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Chapter 08
Only exisding developments Zoning Guidelines
Tourism
are allowed

⸺
Social Ser vice &
1,2,3,5*
Religious
Zon i n g Regulations

Industr y 3
S pecia l P ri ma r y
Res iden ta i l
Recreational 2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10 De vel opm e nt Zo ne

Other 1,3,4,8

• Penalties cannot be considered for the parking

slots that cannot be provided practically

• Developments in the lands zoned as common /

public open areas should be in accordance with
the regulations mentioned under Development
Zones.

• *only amendments for existing buildings and

new buildings for improve facilities shall be
permit ted.

• ** Permissible maximum f loor area and

minimum land extent shall be as follows

Maximum Minimum
Use
floor area land extent
11. Common zoning
regulations Retail shops 200 Sq.m 500 Sq.m

Professional Of fices 500 Sq.m 500 Sq.m

Restaurant - 1000 Sq.m

• The land cannot be subdivided having an extent

of 500 sq.m. or more, may be permit ted for the
construction of a Terrace house subject to the
following conditions:

• The building shall be divided among the owners

by common internal walls based on the owner-
ship of the land.
• Each land area among the owners should not be
less than 150 sq.m.
• The building in external appearance to remain
as a single entity.

Table No. 8.9 : Special Primary Residentail Development Zone

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 08 8.1.10. Common / Public Open Space Zone

Zoning Guidelines

⸺
1. Principal Zone Common / Public Open Space Zone

Zoni n g Reg u l at i o n s
2. Permissible FAR /
4 ( G+3) f loors not exceeding 12m in heig jht
C o m m o n / P u bl ic Op en Number of f loors
Space Zone

3. Permissible Plot
10% (Except pavilions/stadiums/ swimming pool)
Coverage

4. Setbacks &
As per the form “E” in Schedule III
Maximum Height

5. Minimum land
extent for sub Subdiviosns are not allowed
division

• Pavilion / stadium
• Swimming pool
• Spor ts related commercial activit y (Maximum of
6. Permissible uses 10% f loor area of the building)
• Fair & exibition grounds
• Recreational clubs
• Gymnasiums

• Penalties cannot be considered for the parking

slots that cannot be provided practically

• Pavilions, Satadiums and swimming pools shall

not be counted for the permissible maximum
plot coverage
7. Common zoning
regulations
• Maximumpermissible height of the
boundar y wall (except Gate) facing to the
access road is 1m

• Preliminar y Planning Clerance shall be obtained

from urban Devellopment Authorit y

Table No. 8.10 : Public Open Space Zone

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

328
Urban Development Authority

8.2. Development Guide Chapter 08

Zoning Guidelines
Special Project Areas
⸺
As per the proposed Colombo City Development Plan, the areas of
special interest will be identified and declare those associated areas as D e velopment Guid e
development guide plan areas through this plan and the regulations S peci al P roject Areas
introduced by the development guide plans will apply to these areas.

8.2.1. Beira Lake Surrounding Area Beira L a ke

S ur roun din g A rea

The planning and development regulations published in the gazette

notification number 2274/03 dated 04/04/2022 by Urban Development
Authority shall be applied for the Beira Lake surrounding area
mentioned as follows.

Figure No. 8.1 : Beira Lake Development Guide Area

Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 08 8.2.2. Independence Square and Surrounding Area

Zoning Guidelines Development Guide Plan
⸺
I. Zoning Plan
De ve lopm e n t G u i de
S pec i al P roj e ct A rea s

I n d e p e nd ence Sq uare
a nd Su rrou nd ing
A rea De vel op ment
G u id e P l an

Figure No. 8.2 : Independence Square and Surrounding Area Development Guide Zoning Plan
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

330
Urban Development Authority

II. Zoning regulations Chapter 08

Zoning Guidelines

Zone Name of the zone Permissible uses ⸺

Zone I Conser vation Zone No fur ther constructions are allowed D e velopment Guid e
in order to preser ve the existing S peci al P roject Areas
character of the area
In depen de nce S q ua re
a n d S ur rou nd i ng
Zone II Leisure & Recreational I. Restaurants
A rea De velo p me nt
Activit y Zone II. Fair & Exhibition Grounds
G uide P l a n
III. Recreational Clubs
IV. Gymnasium
V. Swimming Pools
VI. Recreational related Commercial
activities
VII. Public car parks and toilets
VIII. Parks – (National/Regional &
Communit y levels)
IX. Spor ts Complexes
X. Botanical Gardens
XI. Indoor Stadiums
XII. Camp Sites
XIII. Theme Parks
XIV. Public Promenades

Zone III Institutional I. Residential buildings

Zone II. Restaurants
III. Boutique hotels
IV. Bar
V. Communit y Centers
VI. Ar t Galleries
VII. Libraries
VIII. Museums
IX. Professional Institute
X. Religious/ Meditation Center
XI. Public Car Parks and Toilets

Zone IV Cultural & I. Television Film Studios

Amusement Zone II. Per forming Ar t Centers
III. Libraries
IV. Museums
V. Exhibition Centers
VI. Concer t Hall
VII. Public Car parks and Toilets
VIII. Communit y Centers

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Chapter 08
Zone Name of the zone Permissible uses
Zoning Guidelines

Zone v Mixed Institutional I. Residential buildings

⸺ Zone II. Restaurants
III. Boutique hotels
De ve lopm e n t G u i de IV. Bar
S pec i al P roj e ct A rea s V. Institutions
VI. Communit y Centers
I n d e p e nd ence Sq uare VII. Ar t Galleries
a nd Su rrou nd ing VIII. Libraries
A rea De vel op ment
IX. Museums
G u id e P l an
X. Professional Institute
XI. Religious/ Meditation Center
XII. Public Car Parks and Toilets

Table No. 8.11 : Zoning Regulations for Independence Square and Surrounding Area
Development Guide Plan | Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

III. Development Guide Regulations

Minimum
Max. No. of Max. Height Max. Plot Rear Space Side Space
Zone Land extent
Floors (m) overage (m) (m)
(Sq.m)

Zone I - - - - - -

Zone II 2000 G+2 10 10% 3 3

Zone III 1000 G+2 10 50% 3 3

Zone IV 1000 G+2 10 50% 3 3

Zone v 1000 G+3 15 50% 3 3

Table No. 8.12 : Independence Square and Surrounding Area Development Guide Regulations
Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021

332
 8.3. Schedule
Shedule I — Permissible floor ratio published in the gazette notification No. 54/2235 dated 08.07.2021 by the
Urban Development Authority

Form A – Permissible Floor Area Ratio

Zone factor= 1.50 -1.74 Zone factor = 1.75-1.99 Zone factor = 2.00 -2.24 Zone factor = 2.25-2.49 Zone factor = 2.50 -2.74

Minimum Road Width Minimum Road Width Minimum Road Width Minimum Road Width Minimum Road Width
Lane Extent
(Sq.m)

**6m
9m
12m
15m or
above
**6m
9m
12m
15m or
above
**6m
9m
12m
15m or
above
**6m
9m
12m
15m or
above
**6m
9m
12m
15m or
above

150 less than 250 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.0 3.4 3.6 4.0 3.0 3.4 3.6 4.0

250 less than 375 2.6 3.2 3.6 4.0 3.0 3.4 4.3 4.7 3.2 3.6 4.5 4.5 3.5 3.8 4.5 5.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 5.5

375 less than 500 2.7 3.3 3.8 4.2 3.2 3.5 4.5 5.0 3.4 3.7 4.8 5.2 3.6 4.5 4.7 5.5 3.6 4.6 5.2 6.0

500 less than 750 2.8 3.4 4.0 4.5 3.4 3.6 4.7 5.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 3.7 5.0 5.0 6.0 3.7 5.1 5.5 6.5

750 less than 1000 3.1 3.6 4.3 5.0 3.5 3.8 5.1 6.0 3.6 4.5 5.7 6.5 3.8 5.1 6.0 6.5 3.8 5.2 6.5 7.0

1000 less than 1500 3.2 3.8 4.6 5.5 3.6 4.0 5.4 6.5 3.7 5.0 6.1 8.0 3.9 5.3 6.5 8.5 3.9 5.4 7.0 9.0

1500 less than 2000 3.4 4.0 5.0 6.0 3.7 4.2 5.8 7.0 3.8 5.1 6.7 9.0 4.0 5.4 7.0 *10 4.0 5.5 7.5 *10.5

2000 less than 2500 3.5 4.2 5.2 6.5 3.8 4.4 6.2 7.5 3.9 5.2 7.1 *10 4.0 5.5 7.5 *10.5 4.0 5.6 7.5 *11

2500 less than 3000 3.6 4.4 5.5 7.0 3.9 4.6 6.5 8.0 4.0 5.3 7.4 *10.5 4.0 5.6 7.5 *11 4.0 5.7 8.0 *11.5

3000 less than 3500 3.7 4.6 6.0 7.5 4.0 4.8 6.9 8.5 4.0 5.4 7.6 *11 4.0 5.7 8.0 *11.5 4.0 5.8 8.0 *12

3500 less than 4000 3.8 4.8 6.3 7.7 4.0 5.0 7.3 9.0 4.0 5.5 7.8 *11.5 4.0 5.8 8.0 *12 4.0 5.9 8.0 *12

More than 4000 4.0 5.0 6.5 8.0 4.0 5.2 7.5 9.5 4.0 5.6 8.0 *12 4.0 5.9 8.0 *UL 4.0 6.0 8.0 *UL

333
 Form A – Permissible Floor Area Ratio
Zone factor = 2.75-2.99 Zone factor = 3.00 -3.24 Zone factor = 3.25-3.49 Zone factor = 3.50 -3.74 Zone factor = 3.75- 4.00
Minimum Road Width Minimum Road Width Minimum Road Width Minimum Road Width Minimum Road Width
Lane Extent
(Sq.m)
15m or

15m or

15m or

15m or

15m or
above

above

above

above

above
**6m

**6m

**6m

**6m

**6m
12m

12m

12m

12m

12m
9m

9m

9m

9m

9m
150 less than 250 3.0 3.4 3.6 4.0 3.0 3.4 3.6 4.0 3.0 3.4 3.6 4.0 3.0 3.4 3.6 4.0 3.0 3.4 3.6 4.0
250 less than 375 3.5 4.2 5.0 5.5 3.5 4.4 5.0 5.5 3.5 4.6 5.0 5.5 3.5 4.8 5.0 5.5 3.5 5.0 5.3 5.5
375 less than 500 3.6 4.7 5.2 6.0 3.6 4.8 5.2 6.0 3.6 4.9 5.2 6.0 3.6 5.0 5.2 6.0 3.6 5.4 5.8 6.0
500 less than 750 3.7 5.2 5.5 6.5 3.7 5.3 5.5 6.5 3.8 5.4 5.5 6.5 3.8 5.5 5.5 6.5 4.0 5.7 6.0 6.5
750 less than 1000 3.8 5.3 7.0 7.5 3.8 5.4 7.0 7.5 4.0 5.5 7.5 8.0 4.0 5.6 7.5 8.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 8.0
1000 less than 1500 3.9 5.5 7.5 9.0 3.9 5.6 7.5 9.0 4.0 5.7 8.0 9.0 4.2 5.8 8.0 9.0 4.5 6.5 8.0 9.0
1500 less than 2000 4.0 5.6 7.5 *10.5 4.0 5.7 8.0 *10.5 4.0 5.8 8.0 *11 4.2 6.0 8.0 *11 4.5 7.0 8.0 *11
2000 less than 2500 4.0 5.7 8.0 *11 4.0 5.8 8.0 *11 4.0 5.9 8.0 *11.5 4.2 6.2 8.0 *11.5 4.5 7.0 8.0 *12
2500 less than 3000 4.0 5.8 8.0 *11.5 4.0 5.9 8.0 *11.5 4.0 6.0 8.0 *12 4.2 6.4 8.0 *12 4.5 7.0 8.0 *12
3000 less than 3500 4.0 5.9 8.0 *12 4.0 6.0 8.0 *12 4.0 6.0 8.0 *12 4.2 6.5 8.0 *12 4.5 7.0 8.0 *12
3500 less than 4000 4.0 6.0 8.0 *12 4.0 6.0 8.0 *12 4.0 6.0 8.0 *12 4.2 6.5 8.0 *12 4.5 7.0 8.0 *12
More than 4000 4.0 6.0 8.0 *UL 4.0 6.0 8.0 *UL 4.0 6.0 8.0 *UL 4.2 6.5 8.0 *UL 4.5 7.0 8.0 *UL
UL - Unlimited
Floor area allocated for parking facilities are not calculated for FAR
Above Floor Area Ratio shall not be applicable for the zones where number of floors or FAR indicated under the zoning regulations.
Above Permissible FAR may be restricted under the development plan based on the slope of the land
Clearance shall be taken from National Building Research Organization for the lands having slope more than 110
*FAR more than or equal to 10.0 shall be permitted only for the roads having minimum of 12m (from road center) Building Line, if not maximum FAR shall be limited to 9.0
**Minimum road width of 7m shall be considered for the roads identified as 7m wide road in the particular development Plan

334
 Schedule II — Permissible number of floors published in the gazette notification No. 54/2235 dated 08.07.2021by the
Urban Development Authority

Form B - Number of Floors for 3.0m & 4.5m wide Roads

Maximum Number of Floors

Minimum Road Width Minimum Site Frontage Plot Coverage* Zone Factor Zone Factor
1.50 - 3.49 3.50 - 4.00

3.0m 6m 65% 3 (G+2) 3 (G+2)

4.5m 6m 65% 3 (G+2) 4 (G+3)

Number of floors are indicated including parking areas

* Where no plot coverage specified under the zoning regulations

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Schedule III – Open spaces published in the gazette notification No. 54/2235 dated 08.07.2021by the
Urban Development Authority
Form E - Setbacks & Open Spaces
Plot Coverage * Rear Space (m) Side Space (m) Light Well for NLV
Building Minimum Site
Height (m) Frontage (m) Non When no NLV is When NLV is When no NLV is When NLV is
Residential Minimum width Minimum Area
Residential taking this end taking this end taking this end taking this end
less than 7 6 80%** 65% 2.3m 2.3m - 2.3m 2.3m 5Sq.m
7 less than 15 6 65% 65% 3.0m 3.0m - 3.0m 3.0m 9 Sq.m
15 less than 30 12 65% 65% 4.0m 4.0m 1.0m and 3.0m 4.0m 4.0m 16 Sq.m
30 less than 50 20 65% 65% 4.0m 5.0m 3.0m both side 5.0m 5.0m 25 Sq.m
50 less than 75 30 50%*** 50%*** 5.0m 6.0m 4.0m both side 6.0m 6.0m 36 Sq.m
75 and above Above 40 50%*** 50%*** 5.0m 6.0m 5.0m both side 6.0m 6.0m ****
NLV - Natural Light & Ventilation
Building Height - Height bet ween access road level to roof top or roof level (Including parking f loors)
*Where no Plot Coverage specified under the zoning regulations
**The entire development is for non-residential activities
***65% plot coverage can be allowed only for the podium level not exceeding 20% of the tower height or 12 f loors whichever is less
****Minimum area shall be increased by 1Sq.m for ever y additional 3m height

336
 Schedule IV – Permissible number of floors for Low Dense Mixed Development Zone I

Form F

*Minimum access Minimum site Permissible

Land extent Permissible maximum number of f loors
road width (m) frontage (m) maximum height

150 less than 300Sq.m 6m 6m 5 [Parking f loor and 4 f loors] 18m

300 less than 500Sq.m 6m 8m 6 [Parking f loor and 5 f loors] 21m

500 less than 1000Sq.m 9m 8m 7 [Parking floor and 6 floors] 25m

Development can be allowed as per the form “A”, “B” & “E” in schedule I, II & III
1000Sq.m and above
(Preliminary Planning clearance from Urban Development Authority shall be obtained)

*Permissible maximum number of floors for 3m & 4.5m access road shall be in accordance with Form “B” in schedule II ( Zone factor as 2.00)

Schedule V - Permissible number of floors for Special Primary Residential Development Zone

Form G

*Minimum access Minimum site Permissible Maximum plot

Land extent Permissible maximum number of f loors
road width (m) frontage (m) maximum height coverage

150 less than 300Sq.m 6m 6m 5 [Parking f loor and 4 f loors] 18m 65%

300 less than 500Sq.m 6m 8m 6 [Parking f loor and 5 f loors] 21m 65%

500 less than 2500Sq.m 9m 8m 7 [Parking floor and 6 floors] 25m 65%

Development can be allowed as per the form “A”, “B” & “E” in schedule I, II & III
2500Sq.m and above 50%**
(Preliminary Planning clearance from Urban Development Authority shall be obtained)

*Permissible maximum number of floors for 3m & 4.5m access road shall be in accordance with Form “B” in schedule II ( Zone factor as 1.75)
**Maximum plot coverage for podium floors shall not be exceeded 50%

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Schedule VI – Minimum land extent for permissible uses

in each zone

From “H” - Minimum land extent for permissible uses

Principal Minimum Land

No. Sub use
Use extent (Sq.m)

1 Single house 150

2 Flats/ Housing complex / Apar tments 150

3 Hostels 150

4 Daycare centers 250

5 Patients care center 500

6 Elders home 500

7 Children’s home 500

1. Residential

8 Disabilit y rehabilitation home 500

9 Rehabilitation /Probation home 1000

10 Communit y centers 500

11 Resor ts/ Tourism bungalow/Home stay 250

12 Rest house 150

13 Quar ters 150

14 Labor quar ters 150

15 Embassy quar ters 150

16 Ser vice apar tments 150

17 Studio apar tments 150

1 Hospitals 1000

2 Medical centers(One doctors) 150

3 Medical centers ( Two doctors or more) 250

4 Sample collecting centers 150

5 Laborator y 150
2. Health

6 Pharmac y 150

7 Veterinarian/ Animal clinics 150

8 Veterinarian/ Animal hospitals 500

9 Quarantine centers 500

10 Pediatric and Maternit y/ Family Clinic Centers 250

11 Other health institutions 250

338
Urban Development Authority

From “H” - Minimum land extent for permissible uses

Principal Minimum Land

No. Sub use
Use extent (Sq.m)

1 Of fice 150

2 Professional Of fice 150

3. Office & Institutional

3 Banks/ Insurance/ finance institutions 150

4 A.T.M centers Not Applicable

5 Of fice complex (Over 10,000Sq.m) 1000

6 Other institutions 250

7 Embassy 1000

8 Ser vice of fice 250

1 Shopping complex 500

2 Retail shops 150

3 Wholesale shops 250

4 Depar tmental shops 500

5 Hardware/ building material selling shops 250

6 Liquor shops 150

7 Vehicle showrooms 500

8 Showrooms ( except vehicle) 500

4. Commercial

9 Auditorium 500

10 Gas filling / charging centers 1000

11 Vehicle spare par ts shops 500

12 Furniture shops 250

13 Restaurants( Take Away) 150

14 Restaurants 250

15 Reception halls/ wedding halls 1000

16 Broadcasting centers 500

17 Studio ( Non Broadcasting) 150

18 Super market 500

19 Open markets 150

1 Pre School/ Early childhood development center 500

2 Primar y school -
5. Educational

3 Secondar y school -

4 Ter tiar y school -

5 Private school/ International school -

6 High education institutions(Campus) 3000

7 Government / Private universit y 4000

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

From “H” - Minimum land extent for permissible uses

Principal Minimum Land

No. Sub use
Use extent (Sq.m)

8 Technical college/ Vocational training center/ Training center 1000

5. Educational

9 Tuition institutions (50 students or below ) 500

10 Tuition Institutions ( above 50 students) 1000

11 Ar t institutions/ drama institution 1000

12 Other educational institution 250

1 Beaut y cultural center / Saloon 150

6. Utility Services

2 Customer ser vice center 150

3 Spa center 150

4 Tailor shops 150

5 Funeral Pallor 250

1 Star class hotels 2000

2 Tourism Hotel/ Commercial hotels/ Boutique hotels 500

3 Guest house 250

7. Tourism

4 Lodges 250

5 Cit y hotel 250

6 Rest house 250

7 Motel 250

8 Clubs 500

1 Religious center 1000

8. Social & Religious

2 Religious education center 500

3 Museum 500

4 Social & Cultural center 500

Cemeter y/ Crematoriums (Only upgrading of facilities of existing

5
cemeter y are allowed)

1 Vehicle assembling / repairing center 500

2 Vehicle ser vice center 1000

3 Filling station 1000

4 ECO testing center 500

9. Industrial

5 Stores for distribution works 500

6 Stores/ warehouse 1000

7 Ser vice industr y 1000

8 Baker y productions 500

9 Concrete precast industr y 1000

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Urban Development Authority

From “H” - Minimum land extent for permissible uses

Principal Minimum Land

No. Sub use
Use extent (Sq.m)

10 Cement block production machiner y industr y 500

11 Roof tile & brick industr y 500

12 Domestic industr y 250

13 Packing industr y 500

9. Industrial

14 Value addition industr y 1000

15 Defective material collection center 1000

16 Rec ycling industr y 1000

17 Furniture related industr y 500

Non polluted other industr y ( as defined by the Central

18 1000
Environmental Authorit y )

1 Indoor stadium 1000

2 Open theater 1000

3 Library 250

4 Gymnasium 150
10. Leisure

5 Children parks 500

6 Open grounds 1000

7 Cinema theater/ open cinema theater 500

8 Swimming pool 250

9 Parks -

10 Recreational parks -

1 Roof antenna -

2 Telecommunication towers

3 Vehicle parks 250

4 Electricity Substations -
11. Other

5 Sand mining/ washing -

6 Quarry mining -

7 Soil excavation/ clay excavation -

8 Conference hall -

9 Sanitary facility buildings -

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Schedule VII – Lotus Tower Visibility Corridor

342
Urban Development Authority

Schedule VIII – Vehicle Parking Space Requirement

Vehicle Parking Space Requirement

Principal use

Number

Sub use
Standard Bus Lorr y Multi axle

One space for one unit with

less than 200Sq.m.
2 space for one unit with
200Sq.m or above
Single house / Flats /
1 Housing complex / Visitor ’s parking (Only for - - -
Apar tments f lats/ apar tments) one
space for 10 units up to
f irst 20 units and af ter that
one space for ever y 20
units

2 Ser vice apar tments One space for 2 units - - -

3 Studio apar tments One space for 3 units - - -

Quar ters / Labor

4 quar ters/ Embassy One space for one unit - - -
quar ters

Government
5 One space for 10 units - - -
1. Residential

reset tlements projec ts

Hostels / Dormitor y - as
One space for 10 rooms or
facilit y for main uses
6 One space for 10 beds - - -
within the premises
whichever is more
(except school)

One space for 05 rooms or

Hostels / Dormitor y
7 One space for 10 beds - - -
(Outside the premises)
whichever is more

Elders home / Children’s

One space for 10 rooms (at
8 home, Patients care - - -
least one space)
center

Disabilit y rehabilitation/
9 Rehabilitation /Probation One space for 05 rooms - - -
home

One space for

Communit y centers/ Rest
10 One space for 150Sq.m more than - -
house
250Sq.m

11 Resor ts One space for 03 rooms - - -

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Vehicle Parking Space Requirement

Principal use

Number

Sub use
Standard Bus Lorr y Multi axle

One space for 10 beds and

Government Hospitals additional 30% of above
1 One space One space -
(Including all facilities) parking spaces shall be
allocated for public parking

One space for 2 beds or

Nursing homes &
2 one space for 20Sq.m One space One space -
Private Hospitals
whichever is more

Medical centers,
3 dispensar y & Animal 2 spaces for one room - - -
clinics (One doc tors)
2. Health

Medical centers,
6 spaces for one room
dispensar y & Animal
4 (One for doc tor & balance - - -
clinics ( Two doc tors or
5 for patient)
more)

Laborator y / Pharmac y /
5 One space for 20Sq.m - - -
Sample collec ting centers

One space for

6 Quarantine centers One space for 150Sq.m more than - -
250Sq.m

Pediatric and Maternit y /

7 2 spaces for one room - - -
Family Clinic Centers

Of f ice / Ser vice of f ice /

1 One space for 150Sq.m - - -
Institutions (General)

Professional Of f ice /
Of f ice / Institutions
2 (No customer ser vice One space for 200Sq.m - - -
3. Office & Institutional

provided within the

of f ice& institution)

Insurance/ f inance
3 One space for 100Sq.m - - -
institutions

4 Banks One space for 50Sq.m - - -

One space for

Of f ice complex 5000Sq.m
5 One space for 250Sq.m One space -
(Over 10,000Sq.m) up to
maximum of 4

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Urban Development Authority

Vehicle Parking Space Requirement

Principal use

Number Sub use

Standard Bus Lorr y Multi axle

One space for

Retail shops / Groceries over 500Sq.m
1 One space for 50Sq.m - -
& allied ac tivities up to
maximum of 2

One space for

Shopping complex /
ever y 500Sq.m
2 Depar tmental shops/ One space for 100Sq.m - -
up to
Wholesale shops
maximum of 2

One space for

ever y 250Sq.m
3 Super market One space for 25Sq.m - -
up to
maximum of 2

Minimum one
space and one
Dedicated economic
4 One space for 2 shops - space for 10 -
centers
shops up to
maximum of 5

One space for

Hardware/ building ever y 500Sq.m
5 One space for 100Sq.m - -
material selling shops up to
maximum of 5
4. Commercial

One space for

Other Showrooms ( Minimum one space and ever y 250Sq.m
6 - -
except vehicle) one space for 200Sq.m up to
maximum of 4

One space for

Minimum one space and ever y 250Sq.m One space
7 Vehicle showrooms -
one space for 200Sq.m up to (touch & go)
maximum of 4

One space for 10 seats or

one space for
8 Auditorium one space for 20Sq.m - -
over 100 seats
whichever is more

One space for

9 Vehicle spare par ts shops One space for 50Sq.m -
over 500Sq.m

Restaurants( Take One space for

10 One space for 50Sq.m -
Away) - Except produc tion over 500Sq.m

One space for 20Sq.m

except ser vice area or one One space for
11 Restaurants - -
space fro 5 seats over 500Sq.m
whichever is more

One space for 50Sq.m One space for One space for
12 Broadcasting centers -
except ser vice area over 500Sq.m over 500Sq.m

Studio ( Non One space for

13 One space for 100Sq.m - -
Broadcasting) over 500Sq.m

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Vehicle Parking Space Requirement

Principal use

Number

Sub use
Standard Bus Lorr y Multi axle

Pre School/ Early

One space & 3 drop of f
1 childhood development - -
space with mergin lane
center / Daycare centers

One space for 4 class

rooms & 3 drop of f space
2 Government school One space - -
with mergin lane parell to
the access road

One space for 2 class

rooms and one space for
500Sq.m for other
Private school/
3 permenant buildng except One space - -
International school
class rooms
and 3 drop of f space with
mergin lane

High education One space for one class

4 One space - -
institutions room
5. Educational

One space for

Government / Private One space for one
5 one academic - -
universit y permenant lec turer
facult y

One space for 2 llec turer &

Technical college/
2 drop of f space with
6 Vocational training One space - -
mergin lane parell to the
center/ Training center
access road

One space for one class

room & 2 drop of f space
7 Tuition institutions - - -
with mergin lane parell to
the access road

Ar t institution/ drama One space for one

8 - - -
institution class room

Five space up to 500Sq.m

9 Librar y and one space for ever y - - -
additional 500Sq.m

Other educational One space for one

10 - - -
institution class room

Beaut y cultural center /

1 Saloon / Customer One space for 30Sq.m - - -
6. Utility
Services

ser vice center

Five space for one

2 Funeral Pallor One space - -
funeral pallor

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Urban Development Authority

Vehicle Parking Space Requirement

Principal use

Number Sub use

Standard Bus Lorr y Multi axle

Guest house / Rest

1 One space for 03 rooms - - -
house / Lodges

One space
2 Cit y hotel One space for 05 rooms One space -
(touch & go)

Rooms 1 to 20 -
One space for 2 rooms
Star class hotels/
and, Rooms 21 to 100 - One space
3 Tourism Hotel/ One space -
One space for 4 rooms (touch & go)
Commercial hotels
and, Over 100 rooms -
One space for 5 rooms
7. Tourism

4 Motel One space for one room One space - -

5 Clubs One space for 50Sq.m - - -

One space for 20Sq.m

except ser vice area or one One space for
6 Restaurants - -
space for 5 seats over 500Sq.m
whichever is more

Seats 1 to 100 - One space Seats 101 to

for 5 seats and 250 – One
Banquets hall / Seats 101 to 250 - One space One space
7 -
wedding hall space for 10 seats and (touch & go)
Over 250 seats - One space Over 250 seats
for 20 seats – Two space

Religious center /
8. Social & Religious)

1 Religious education One space for 200Sq.m - - -

center

2 Social & Cultural center One space for 200Sq.m - - -

One space for 10 seats or

Studio, conference hall & One space for
3 one space for 20Sq.m - -
allied ac tivities over 100 seats
whichever is more

1 ECO testing center 2 spaces One space One space One space

Micro scale industr y

2 2 spaces - - -
(up to 50Sq.m)

Small scale industr y

3 One space for 100Sq.m - One space -
(51Sq.m to 250Sq.m)

Three spaces up to
Medium scale industr y One space for One space for
4 250Sq.m and one space for -
9. Industrial

(251Sq.m – 1500Sq.m) 500Sq.m over 1000Sq.m

ever y additional 200Sq.m

Three spaces
up to
Nine spaces up to One space for
1500Sq.m and
Large scale industr y 1500Sq.m and one space 2500Sq.m up
5 - one space for
(above 1500Sq.m) for ever y additional to maximum of
ever y
300Sq.m 5
additional
1000Sq.m

One spaces up to 100Sq.m

One space for
6 Stores with shops and one space for ever y - -
500Sq.m
additional 200Sq.m

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Vehicle Parking Space Requirement

Principal use

Number

Sub use
Standard Bus Lorr y Multi axle

Stores without shops One space for

7 One Space - -
(up to 500Sq.m) 300Sq.m

Stores without shops One space for

8 One space for 500Sq.m - -
(over 500Sq.m) 300Sq.m
9. Industrial

Warehouses (up to
9 One space - One space -
500Sq.m)

One space for

500Sq.m up to
3000Sq.m One space for
Stores without shops and 2500Sq.m up
10 One space for 500Sq.m -
(over 500Sq.m) one space for to maximum of
ever y 3
additional
1000Sq.m

Two space for one cour t

1 Indoor stadium and one space for 10 seats One space - -
if pavilion is provided

One space for

2 Open theater One space for 20 seats - -
over 100 seats

3 Gymnasium One space for 100Sq.m - - -

10. Recreational, Leasure, Sports and Other

One space for

10 seats up to
4 Open grounds One space for 100 seats - -
maximum of
10

Cinema theater/ open One space for

5 One space for 10 seats - -
cinema theater 150Sq.m

Swimming pool / One space for 100Sq.m and

6 Commercial swimming one space for 10 seats if - - -
pool favilion is provided

One space for

usable f loor
Parks/ Recreational and One space for usable f loor
7 One space area of -
theme parks / area of 250Sq.m
2000Sq.m
maximum of 4

One space for

8 Other uses One space for 100Sq.m - -
500Sq.m

348
Urban Development Authority

NOTE Chapter 08
Zoning Guidelines
1. In every development where the total parking requiremnt exceeds 10 stalls,
there shall be 30% of such parking requiremnt of pedal/ motor cycles ⸺
provided in such development
S chedule
2. Parking facilities for differently able people to be provided according to the
Gazette Notofication No.1467/15.

3. The Authority has powers to take the final decision regarding the service
charge in lieu of providing parking spaces.

4. Parking requiremnt for any Development Activity which are not listed in
above catregoroies shall be considered for the most simiar category.

5. If the minimum road width mentioned as 6m for any development activity,

where prposed road width identified as a 7m in width by the gazetted Devel-
opment Plan or Draft Development Plan or Development Guide plan shall be
applicable such prposed width.

6. If uses other than the specified used in this category are included within
the development, the parking requirement for such uses shall be calculated
seperatly as per the specified parking requiremnt of such invidiual use.

Schedule IX – Land Subdivision

Maximum Number
Minimum width of of Lots Served (Excluding
Maximum road length (m)
access road (m) the once those are facing
the main road)

up to 50m 4

At a distance of 100m or less,

3.0
but both ends connected to
8
public roads where width is 6
m or more

up to 100m 8

At a distance of 200m or less,

4.5
but both ends connected to
16
public roads where width is 6
m or more

6.0 and above No limit No limit

349
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

350
Urban Development Authority

Chapter
09
Proposed Road
Width, Building
Line and
Reservations

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Chapter 09 9.1. Proposed Roads

Proposed Road
Width, Building Line The Authority has introduced the width of the proposed access roads
and Reser vations
based on the needs and priorities of widening the access roads within
the applicable period of the Development Plan (2022-2031) within the
⸺
council limits.

Proposed Building Line

Road length proposed
for development (km)
Proposed number of
Prposed road width/

Exiting Building Line

Physical width of
existing road (m)
Road section proposed for

street line (m)

Name of the Road
development

width (m)

width (m)
lanes
From New Kelani River Road to
Sri Wikrama Mawatha Malwat ta Lane (Mat takkuliya Police 6 9 2 0.5 15 15
Station)

From Sirimavo Bandaranayaka

Madampitiya Road 10 18 4 1.3 22 24
Mawatha to Modera Road

From Sirimavo Bandaranayaka

Nagalam Street Mawatha to Sirimavo Bandaranayaka 6 9 2 1 15 15
Mawatha Por t Access Road

K. Cyril. C. Perera mawatha From Jorge R De Silva Mawatha to

9 18 4 2.6 24 24
(Nor th Par t) Madampitiya Road

From Sri Sangaraja Mawatha to

Miraniya Street 6 9 2 0.65 15 15
Hulsdrop Road

From Jumma Musjid Road to

Maligawat ta avenue 7 9 2 0.2 15 15
Ket tarama Temple Road

From Sri Vajiragnana Mawatha to

School lane- Dematagoda 5 9 2 0.2 - 12
Diyabagaras Avenue

From Dematagoda Junc tion to Sri

Dematagoda Road 6 18 4 0.3 22 24
Dhamma Mawatha

From Maradana Road to Sri Dhamma

Sri Vajiragnana Mawatha 6 9 2 1.3 22 22
Mawatha

From Sri Vajiragnana Mawatha to

Ketawalamulla Road 12 12 2 0.6 15 15
Ananda mawatha

Lesli Ranagala Mawatha From Baseline road to Cot ta Road 6 9 2 1.4 22 22

From Cot ta road to Sri

Shady Grove Avenue 6 9 2 0.3 12 12
Jayawardenapura Road

From E. D. Dabare Mawatha to

Ever Green Park Road 6 18 4 0.4 12 22
Kirimandala Mawatha

From Narahenpita Junc tion to

Muhandiram E. D. Dabare Mawatha 6 9 2 0.25 12 12
Ever Green Park Road

From Galle Road to

Sea View Avenue 6 9 2 0.25 15 15
R. A . De Mal Mawatha

Inner f lower road and

From Galle road to Fllower Road 6 9 2 0.8 15 15
St Anthonys Road

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Urban Development Authority

Proposed Building Line

Road length proposed
for development (km)
Proposed number of
Prposed road width/

Exiting Building Line

Physical width of
existing road (m)
Road section proposed for

street line (m)

Name of the Road
development

width (m)

width (m)
lanes
From Kirimaandala Mawatha to
Lake Rconnec ted Road 6 9 2 0.8 - 15
Nawala Road

Dehiwala cannel south bank

connec ted road- From Siddhar tha From Baseline Road to Highlevel Road 6 9 2 1.5 - 15
Road to Thalakotuwa Garden

From Colombo Horana Road to W. A .

Suvisuddarama Mawatha 6 9 2 0.7 15 15
Silwa Mawatha

From Colombo Horana Road to

Ishweri Avenue 6 9 2 0.2 12 12
Highlevel Road

9.2. Building Line and Street Line Limits

Table 1 - Building Lines from Centre Line of the Existing Road

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

1 11 A .G Hinni Appuhami Mawatha Other Roads No 12.20

2 3 Abdul Caf foor Mawatha Feeder Roads No 12.00

3 12 Abdul Hameed Street Feeder Roads No 15.00

4 12 Abdul Jabar Mawatha Feeder Roads No 15.00

5 10 Abhayasinharama Road Other Roads No 12.00

6 2 Ahamath Lane Other Roads No 12.20

7 9 Albion Lane Other Roads No 12.20

8 3 Alfred House Avenue Other Roads No 15.00

9 3 Alfred House Garden Other Roads No 15.00

10 3 Alfred House Road Other Roads No 15.00

11 3 Aloe Avenue Other Roads No 15.00

12 5 Amarasekara Mawatha Feeder Roads No 15.00

13 10 Ananda Mawatha Feeder Roads No 15.00

14 5 Anderson Road Other Roads No 12.20

15 13 Ar ther de Silva Mawatha Feeder Roads No 22.00

16 2 Bahjathul Asrar Lane (Kew Ln) Other Roads No 12.20

17 4 Bambalapitiya Station Road Feeder Roads No 15.00

18 7 Barnes Place Other Roads No 15.00

353
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

19 2 Barracks Lane Other Roads No 12.20

Bauddhaloka Mawatha (Galle Rd To Bus Route

20 4/ 7/8 No 32.00
Baseline Rd) ( Three Dual)

21 12 Belmont Street Other Roads No 15.00

22 13 Bloemendhal Road Feeder Roads No 12.20

23 13 Bonjean Road Feeder Roads No 15.00

24 8 Borella Cross Road Feeder Roads No 22.00

25 3 Boyd Place Other Roads No 12.00

26 2 Braybrooke Place Other Roads No 12.20

27 2 Braybrooke Street Feeder Roads No 22.00

Bus Route
28 7 Cambridge Place No 22.00
( Three Dual)

29 6 Canal Lane Other Roads No 12.20

30 8 Chandraleka Mawatha Other Roads No 12.20

Bus Route
31 2 Church Street No 22.00
( Three Dual)

32 5 Claessen Place Other Roads No 12.20

33 3 Col.T.G.Jayawardana Mawatha Other Roads No 12.20

34 13 College Street Feeder Roads No 22.00

35 8 Cot ta Lane Other Roads No 12.20

36 12 Cour t Street Other Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
37 3 Cumarathunga Munidasa Mawatha No 32.00
( Three Dual)

Deans Road (Maradana Rd To

38 10 Feeder Roads No 22.00
Symonds Rd Junction)

Bus Route
39 10 D.R.Wijewardena Mawatha No 24.00
( Three Dual)

Bus Route
40 8 D.S.Senanayake Mawatha No 32.00
( Three Dual)

Dam Street (Saunders Place To

41 12 Feeder Roads No 22.00
Hultsdor f Street)

42 2 Dawson Street Feeder Roads No 22.00

43 15 De La Salle Street Feeder Roads No 15.00

44 10 De Seram Place Feeder Roads No 15.00

45 10 Dematagoda Passage Other Roads No 12.20

46 9 Dematagoda Place Other Roads No 12.20

Dematagoda Road ( Siri Dhamma Mw Bus Route

47 9 No 24.00
To Danister De Silva Mawataha) ( Two Dual)

48 10 Dewanampiyatissa Mawatha Feeder Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
49 7 Dharmapala Mawatha No 24.00
( Three Dual)

354
Urban Development Authority

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

50 11 Dias Place Feeder Roads No 12.20

51 4/5 Dickmans Road Bus Route No 15.00

52 2 Dispensar y Lane Other Roads No 12.20

53 14 Dr.Brit to Babapulle Place Feeder Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
54 7 Dr.C.W.W.Kannangara Mawatha No 32.00
( Three Dual)

Bus Route
55 8/9 Dr.Danister De Silva Mawatha 30.48 32.00
( Three Dual)

56 15 Dr.S.D.Fernando Mawatha Feeder Roads No 15.00

57 5 Eber t Place Other Roads No 15.00

Edmonton Road (Par t Within Base Bus Route

58 6 30.48 32.00
Line Road Extention) ( Three Dual)

59 5 Elibank Road Other Roads No 12.20

60 15 Elie Lane Feeder Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
61 5/8 Elvitigala Mawatha 30.48 32.00
( Three Dual)

Bus Route
62 7 F.R.Senanayaka Mawatha No 24.00
( Three Dual)

63 4 Fareed Place Other Roads No 12.20

64 7 Flower Avenue Other Roads No 12.20

65 8/10 Francis Road Other Roads No 12.20

66 4 Frankfor t Place Other Roads No 12.20

67 6 Fussel’s Lane (Par t of Without S.L.) Other Roads No 12.20

68 11 Gabo’s Lane Feeder Roads No 22.00

Bus Route
69 3 Galle Face Center Road No 32.00
( Three Dual)

70 3 Galle Face Drive Other Roads No 12.20

Galle Road Bus Route

71 3/4/6 23.17-24.38 32.00
(Galle Face Hotel to Cit y limit) ( Three Dual)

72 13 Galpot ta Street Feeder Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
73 13 George R.De Silva Mawatha No 32.00
( Three Dual)

74 12 Gomes Lane Other Roads No 12.20

75 8 Gorakagaha Path Other Roads No 12.20

76 9 Gospal Lane Other Roads No 12.20

77 8 Gothami Road Feeder Roads 12.15 15.00

78 12 Gouse Mohideen Mawatha Feeder Roads No 15.00

79 5 Gower Street Other Roads No 15.00

80 8 Granier Road Other Roads No 12.20

81 7 Gregor y ’s Avenue Feeder Roads No 15.00

82 7 Gregor y ’s Road Feeder Roads No 22.00

355
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

83 7 Guildford Crescent Feeder Roads No 22.00

84 10 Hedges Cour t Feeder Roads No 15.00

85 15 Henamulla Lane Feeder Roads No 15.00

86 15 Hendala Ferr y Road Other Roads No 15.00

Hikkaduwa Sri Sumangala Thero

87 10 Feeder Roads No 15.00
Mawatha

88 11 Hill Street Other Roads No 12.20

Bus Route
89 7 Hor ton Place No 24.00
( Two Dual)

90 2 Hunupitiya Cross Road Other Roads No 15.00

91 2 Hunupitiya Lake Road Feeder Roads 20.11 22.00

92 2 Hunupitiya Road Other Roads No 15.00

93 12 Hussainiya Street Feeder Roads No 15.00

94 4 Indra Lane Other Roads No 12.20

95 10 J.D.Fernando Mawatha Feeder Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
96 14 Jethawana Road No 32.00
( Three Dual)

Bus Route
97 2 Justice Akbar Mawatha No 24.00
( Two Dual)

98 10 Karlshue Gardens Other Roads No 12.20

99 10 Karlshue Place Other Roads No 12.20

100 4 Kensing ton Garden Other Roads No 12.00

101 9 Kent Road Other Roads No 12.20

102 5 Keppetipola Road Feeder Roads 15.0 24.00

103 2 Kew Road Other Roads No 12.20

104 4 Kinross Avenue Other Roads No 12.20

Bus Route
105 5 Kirula Road 15.24 22.00
( Two Dual)

106 8 Kitulwat ta Lane Other Roads No 12.20

107 8 Kitulwat ta Road Other Roads No 12.20

108 6 Kokila Road Other Roads No 12.20

109 3 Kollupitiya Station Road Feeder Roads No 22.00

110 8 Koswat ta Road Other Roads No 12.20

111 13 Kotahena Street Feeder Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
112 2 Kumaran Ratnam Road No 24.00
( Three Dual)

113 2 Lake Cresent Other Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
114 14 Layard’s Broadway No 24.00
( Three Dual)

115 5 Layard’s Road Other Roads No 15.00

356
Urban Development Authority

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

116 1 Layden Bastian Road Feeder Roads No 24.00

117 15 Lower St Andrew ’s Place Feeder Roads No 15.00

118 4 Lorensz Road Feeder Roads No 15.00

119 14 Lucas Road Feeder Roads No 15.00

120 12 M.D.Gunasena Mawatha Other Roads No 15.00

121 12 M.J.M.Lafeer Mawatha Feeder Roads No 15.00

122 14 M.Vincent Perera Mawatha Feeder Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
123 14/15 Madampitiya Road No 24.00
( Two Dual)

Bus Route
124 13 Maha Vidyala Mawatha No 32.00
( Three Dual)

125 14 Mahakumarage Road Feeder Roads No 22.00

126 12 Maithree Bodhiraja Mawatha Feeder Roads No 12.20

127 7 Maitland Crescent Feeder Roads No 22.00

Bus Route
128 7 Maitland Place No 22.00
( Two Dual)

129 7 Malalasekara Mawatha Feeder Roads No 22.00

130 7 Malalasekara Place Feeder Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
131 2 Malay Street No 32.00
( Three Dual)

Bus Route
132 10 Maradana Road 24.38 32.00
( Three Dual)

133 13 May field Road Feeder Roads No 15.00

134 12 Meeraniya Street Feeder Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
135 12 Mihindu Mawatha No 22.00
( Two Dual)

136 12 Mill Street Other Roads No 12.20

Modara Street (St.John’s Way To Bus Route

137 15 No 22.00
Rajamalwat ta Rd) ( Two Dual)

Bus Route
138 12 Mahomed Zain Mawatha No 32.00
( Three Dual)

139 15 Mosque Lane Feeder Roads No 15.00

140 10 Mount Pleasant Other Roads No 12.20

141 5 Muhandiram E.D.Dabare Lane Other Roads No 12.20

Muhandiram’s Road ( Galle Road To

142 3 Other Roads No 12.20
Ut tarananda Mw-No S.L)

Muthuwella Mawatha (End Of St. Bus Route

143 15 No 22.00
Andrew Rd To St.James St-No S.L) ( Two Dual)

14 4 2 Mut taiah Road Feeder Roads No 15.00

145 9 N.M.Ishak Mawatha Feeder Roads No 22.00

146 13 Nagalagam Street Feeder Roads No 15.00

357
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

147 6 Nagaswat te Road Other Roads No 12.20

148 2 Nawam Mawatha Feeder Roads No 22.00

149 11 New Chet t y Street Feeder Roads No 15.00

150 11 New Ham Square Other Roads No 15.00

151 12 New Moor Street Feeder Roads No 15.00

152 4 Nimal Road Other Roads No 12.20

153 8 Norris Avenue Other Roads No 15.00

Norris Canal Road (From Kynsey Pl Bus Route

154 10 No 24.00
To Maradana Road) ( Two Dual)

155 12 Old Moor Street Feeder Roads No 15.00

156 12 Oliman Street Other Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
157 10 Panchikawat ta Road No 32.00
( Three Dual)

158 10 Parakkrama Road Feeder Roads No 15.00

159 5 Park Lane Feeder Roads No 22.00

160 12 Peer Saibo Street Other Roads No 12.20

161 8 Pelangastuduwa Path Other Roads No 12.20

162 3 Perahara Mawatha Feeder Roads 30.48 32.00

163 13 Pickering ’s Road Other Roads No 15.00

164 10 Piyadasa Sirisena Mawatha Feeder Roads No 15.00

165 5 Police Park Avenue Other Roads No 12.20

166 5 Police Park Place Other Roads No 12.20

167 5 Police Park Terrace Other Roads No 12.20

168 12 Princes Gate Feeder Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
169 7 Prof.Stanley Wijesundara Mawatha No 24.00
( Two Dual)

170 3 Queen’s Road Feeder Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
171 3 R. A .De Mel Mawatha 18.28 24.00
( Two Dual)

172 7 Rajakeeya Mawatha Other Roads No 30.00

173 15 Rajamalwat ta Road Feeder Roads No 22.00

174 6 Ramakrishna Terrace Other Roads No 12.20

175 4 Rathnam Road Other Roads No 15.00

176 9 Reser voir Road Feeder Roads No 15.00

177 3 Rheinland Place Other Roads No 12.20

Bus Route
178 2 Rif le Street No 24.00
( Three Dual)

179 15 Rock House Lane Feeder Roads No 22.00

180 8 Rodney Place Other Roads No 15.00

181 8 Radney Street Other Roads No 15.00

358
Urban Development Authority

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

182 7 Rosmead Place Feeder Roads No 15.00

183 5 Sabha Lane Other Roads No 12.20

184 5 Sak vithi Lane Other Roads No 12.20

185 11 Sangamit ta Mawatha Feeder Roads No 15.00

186 3 Sea Avenue Other Roads No 15.00

187 11 Sea Street Feeder Roads No 15.00

188 3 Sea View Avenue Feeder Roads No 15.00

189 3 Sellamut tu Avenue Other Roads No 15.00

190 3 Serandib Road Other Roads No 12.20

191 8 Shady Grove Avenue Other Roads No 12.20

192 11 Shoe Road Other Roads No 12.20

193 6 Siebel Avenue Feeder Roads No 15.00

194 6 Sinsapa Road Other Roads No 12.20

Sir Chit tampalam A . Gardiner Bus Route

195 2 No 36.00
Mawatha ( Three Dual)

196 7 Sir Ernest De Silva Mawatha Feeder Roads No 22.00

197 2 Sir Henr y De Mel Mawatha Other Roads No 15.00

Bus Route
198 2 Sir James Peiris Mawatha 20.12 32.00
( Three Dual)

Bus Route
199 3 Sir M.Macan Makar Mawatha No 24.00
( Three Dual)

200 9 Siri Mahinda Dhamma Mawatha Other Roads No 12.20

201 5 Skelton Gardens Other Roads No 15.00

202 5 Skelton Road Other Roads No 15.00

203 12 Smith Street Other Roads No 12.20

204 6 Somagiri Place Other Roads No 12.20

205 12 Sri Bodhiraja Pedesa Other Roads No 12.20

206 13 Sri Gunananda Mawatha Feeder Roads No 15.00

207 2 Sri Jinaratana Road Feeder Roads No 22.00

208 13 Sri Kathiresan Street Other Roads No 15.00

209 12 Sri Piyadarsanarama Mawatha Other Roads No 15.00

Sri Ratnajothi Saravanamut tu

210 11 Feeder Roads No 15.00
Mawatha

Bus Route
211 10 Sri Saddharma Mawatha No 32.00
( Three Dual)

Bus Route
212 10 Sri Sanagaraja Mawatha 24.38 32.00
( Three Dual)

213 2 Sri Saugathodaya Mawatha Feeder Roads No 22.00

Bus Route
214 12 Sri Sumanathissa Mawatha No 32.00
( Three Dual)

359
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

215 3 Sri Ut tarananda Mawatha Feeder Roads No 24.00

216 9 Sri Vajiragnana Mawatha Feeder Roads No 22.00

217 12 Srimath Bandaranayaka Mawatha Other Roads No 22.00

218 13 St.Lucia’s Square Other Roads No 12.20

219 4 St.Peter ’s Place Bus Route No 12.20

220 12 St.Sebastian Hill Feeder Roads No 22.00

221 13 St.Benedict ’s Street Feeder Roads No 15.00

222 14 St.Joseph’s Street Feeder Roads No 15.00

223 13 St.Lucias Street Other Roads No 15.00

224 7 Stanmore Crescent Feeder Roads No 12.20

225 2 Staples Street Feeder Roads No 22.00

226 3 Station Road Other Roads No 15.00

227 2 Stuar t Street Other Roads No 12.20

228 13 Sumithrarama Mawatha Other Roads No 12.20

229 8 Tickell Road Other Roads No 15.00

230 8 Turnour Road Feeder Roads No 12.20

231 15 Upper St Andrews Place Other Roads No 15.00

232 5 Vajira Road Other Roads No 15.00

233 2 Vauxhall Lane Feeder Roads No 12.20

234 2 Vauxhall Street (Par t Only) Feeder Roads No 15.00

235 Ven.S Mahindhahimi Mawatha Feeder Roads No 12.20

Bus Route
236 7 Vidya Mawatha No 15.00
( Three Dual)

Vijaya Kumarathunga Mawatha

237 5 (from Kirulopone bridge to Edmon- Feeder Roads 30.48 32.00
ton Road)

238 10 Vipulasena Mawatha Feeder Roads No 15.00

239 11 Vivekananda Hill Road Other Roads No 12.20

240 6 Vivekananda Avenue Feeder Roads No 12.20

241 2 W. A .D.Ramanayaka Mawatha Feeder Roads No 22.00

242 13 Wasala Road Feeder Roads No 15.00

243 2 Wekanda Jumma Masjid Road Other Roads No 22.00

24 4 15 Wilson Lane Other Roads No 12.20

245 12 Wilson Street Other Roads No 12.20

246 13 Wolfendhal Lane Other Roads No 12.20

247 6 2 nd
Chapel Lane Other Roads No 12.20

248 13 8 th Lane Other Roads No 12.20

249 13 9 th Lane Other Roads No 12.20

250 3 12 th Lane Other Roads No 12.20

360
Urban Development Authority

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

251 3 13 th Lane Other Roads No 12.20

252 3 17 th
Lane Other Roads No 12.20

253 3 19 th
Lane Other Roads No 12.20

254 3 23 rd Lane Other Roads No 12.20

255 3 25 th Lane Other Roads No 12.20

256 3 33 rd Lane (Bagathale Road) Other Roads No 12.20

257 3 37 th Lane Other Roads No 12.20

258 13 11th Lane Other Roads No 12.20

259 13 12 th Lane Other Roads No 12.20

260 13 13 th Lane Other Roads No 12.20

261 3 24 th Lane Other Roads No 12.20

262 9 1st Lane (Dematagoda Pl) Other Roads No 12.20

263 9 2 nd
Lane (Dematagoda Pl) Other Roads No 12.20

264 9 3 rd
Lane (Dematagoda Pl) Other Roads No 12.20

265 9 4 th
Lane (Dematagoda Pl) Other Roads No 12.20

266 9 5 th
Lane (Dematagoda Pl) Other Roads No 12.20

267 9 6 th
Lane (Dematagoda Pl) Other Roads No 12.20

Table 2 : Building lines from the center line of the existing street line

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

1 11 Akbar Lane Other Roads 12.19 15.00

Bus Route
2 7 Alber t Crescent 30.48 32.00
( Three Dual)

3 3 Alferd Place Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

Bus Route
4 15 Aluthmawatha Road 18.28 32.00
( Three Dual)

5 7 Ananda Coomaraswarmy Mawatha Feeder Roads 20.11 22.00

Bus Route
6 10 Ananda Rajakaruna Mawatha 22.86 24.00
( Two Dual)

7 6 Andarawat ta Road Other Roads 12.19 12.20

8 6 Anula Road Other Roads 12.19 12.20

9 6 Ash Tip Road Other Roads 12.19 12.20

10 8 Austin Place Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

11 3 Bagathale Road Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

12 9 Baseline Lane Other Roads 12.19 12.20

361
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

Bus Route
13 11 Beach Road 22.86 32.00
( Three Dual)

14 12 Beira Road Other Roads 12.19 15.00

15 6 Balapokuna Road Feeder Roads 15.24 15.24

Bauddhaloka Mawatha (From

16 8 Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00
Baseline Rd To N.M.Perera Mw)

17 5 Bois Place Other Roads 6.09 12.20

18 6 Boswell Place Other Roads 12.19 12.20

19 6 Byrde Place Other Roads 12.19 12.20

20 1 Bristol Street Feeder Roads 18.28 22.00

Canal Road (Par t Of Rajaguru Sri

21 6 Feeder Roads 12.19 22.00
Subuthi Rd)

22 6 Charlemont Road Other Roads 12.19 15.00

23 3 Charles Drive Other Roads 12.19 12.20

24 3 Charles Place Other Roads 12.19 12.20

25 3 Charles Way Other Roads 12.19 12.20

26 5 Chithra Lane Feeder Roads 12.19 22.00

27 9 Clif ton Lane Other Roads 6.09 12.20

Dam St. (Gasworks St. to

28 12 Feeder Roads 18.28 22.00
Saunders Pl)

29 6 D.M.Colombage Mawatha Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

30 6 Darmarama Road Other Roads 12.19 15.00

31 4 Davidson Road Other Roads 9.14 15.00

32 6 Daya Road Other Roads 9.14 15.00

33 5 De Fonseka Road Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

34 5 De Fonseka Place Other Roads 12.19 12.20

35 14 De Waas Lane Other Roads 6.09 12.20

36 6 Dhammarama Road Other Roads 12.19 15.00

Bus Route
37 8 Dr.N.M.Perera Mawatha 30.48 32.00
( Three Dual)

38 5 D.S.Fonseka Road Other Roads 12.19 12.20

Bus Route
39 8 Dudley Senanayaka Mawatha 22.86 32.00
( Three Dual)

40 10 E.W.Perera Mawatha Other Roads 15.24 12.20

41 8 Elliot Place Feeder Roads 12.19 12.20

42 15 Elihouse Road Other Roads 9.14 15.00

43 8 Fair field Gardens Other Roads 12.19 12.20

44 14/15 Ferguson’s Road Feeder Roads 18.28 22.00

Ferguson’s Road
Bus Route
45 14/15 (Mat takkuliya Center Rd To 18.28 22.00
( Two Dual)
Mat takkuliya Church Rd)

362
Urban Development Authority

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

46 5 Fife Road Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

47 10 Foster Lane Other Roads 12.19 15.00

48 15 Faransawat ta Lane Other Roads 9.14 15.00

49 11 Gintupitiya Street Feeder Roads 12.19 22.00

50 9 Gnanawimala Road Other Roads 12.19 15.00

51 5 Gomes Path Other Roads 6.09 12.20

52 6 Hampden Lane Bus Routs 12.19 15.00

Havelock Road (From Reid Avenue Ju Bus Route

53 5 27.93 32.00
To Maya Avenue Ju) ( Three Dual)

Havelock Road (Maya Avenue Ju To Bus Route

54 5 18.28 24.00
Star t ford Rd Junction) ( Three Dual)

55 15 Huber t Place Other Roads 12.19 15.00

56 12 Hultsdor f Street Feeder Roads 12.19 24.00

Bus Route
57 5,6 High Level Road 30.48 32.00
( Three Dual)

58 2 Hyde Park Coner Feeder Roads 15.24 22.00

59 5 Isipathna Mawatha Feeder Roads 18.28 22.00

Bus Route
60 7 Independence Avenue 30.48 32.00
( Three Dual)

61 7 Inner Flower Road Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

62 6 Iswari Road Other Roads 12.19 12.20

63 10 J.E.Gunasekara Avenue Feeder Roads 12.19 22.00

64 4 Janaki Lane Other Roads 6.09 12.20

Bus Route
65 5 Jawat ta Road 15.24 22.00
( Two Dual)

66 14 Jayantha Mallimarachchi Mawatha Feeder Roads 12.19 22.00

Bus Route
67 10 Jayantha Weerasekara Mawatha 20.11 32.00
( Three Dual)

68 6 Jayasinghe Road Other Roads 12.19 15.00

Bus Route
69 13 K.Cyril C.Perera Mawatha 18.28 24.00
( Two Dual)

70 13 K.B.Christie Perera Mawatha Feeder Roads 18.28 22.00

71 15 Kelanigaga Mill Road Other Roads 9.14 15.00

72 9 Ketawalamulla Lane Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

73 10 Khet tarama Temple Road Feeder Roads 12.19 22.00

74 5 Kirimandala mawatha Feeder Roads 12.19 24.00

Kirillapona Avenue (From High Level

75 5 Feeder Roads 15.24 15.24
Ju to Andarawat ta Rd Ju)

Kirillapona Avenue
76 5 (From Andarawat ta Rd Ju to Vijaya Feeder Roads 30.48 32.00
Kumarathunga Mawatha Ju)

363
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

Bus Route(t wo
77 9 Kolonnawa Road 12.19 15.00
Dual)

78 8 Kuruppu Road Feeder Road 9.14 15.00

Bus Route( Two

79 8 Kynsey Place 15.24 22.00
Dual)

80 8/10 Kynsey Road Feeder Roads 15.24,20.11 22.00

81 4 Lauries Road Other Roads 9.14 15.00

82 8 Leslie Ranagala Mawatha Feeder Roads 12.19 22.00

83 6 Lily Avenue Other Roads No 15.00

Bus Route( Two

84 1 Lotus Road 20.11 32.00
Dual)

Madampitiya road Bus

85 14/15 12.19/15.24 24.00
(Only for Ex.St Line Leng th) Route( TwoDual)

86 8 Magazine Road Other Roads 12.19 15.00

87 10 Maligawat ta Jumma Masjid Road Feeder Roads 12.19 22.00

Bus Route( Two

88 10 Maligawat ta Road 22.86 32.00
Dual)

89 10 Maligawat ta Lane Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

90 10 Maligawat ta Place Other Roads 12.19 12.20

91 12 Mar ties Lane Other Roads 12.19 12.20

92 6 Mallika Lane Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

Bus Route( Two

93 6 Manning Place 9.14 24.00
Dual)

Bus Route( Three

94 3/4/5/6 Maraine Drive 18.28 24.00
Dual)

95 8 Mar t Terrace Other Roads 12.19 15.00

Bus Route( Three

96 15 Mat takkuliya Centre Road 12.19 32.00
Dual)

Bus Route( Two

97 15 MAt takkuliya Church Road 12.19 22.00
Dual)

98 15 Mat takkuliya Farm Road Feeder Roads 12.19 22.00

Bus Route( Three

99 6 May Avenue 27.93 32.00
Dual)

100 13 May field Lane Feeder Roads 9.14 15.00

101 2 Mews Street(Par t Within S.L) Other Roads 12.19 15.00

Modara Street (St.John’s Way Junc.to Bus Route( Two

102 15 18.28 22.00
Fergusons Rd Junc) Dual)

Modara Street Madampitiya Rd Junc Bus Route( Two

103 15 15.24 22.00
.to Rajamalwat ta Rd Junc) Dual)

104 10 Mohideen Masjid Road Other Roads 12.19 15.00

105 13 Mowburr y Lane Feeder Roads 15.24 22.00

364
Urban Development Authority

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

Muthuwella Mawatha(St James St to Bus Route( Two

106 15 18.28 22.00
Madampitiya Rd) Dual)

Bus Route( Three

107 11 N.H.MAbdul Cader Road 22.86 22.00
Dual)

108 5 Narahenpitiya Road (Nawala Rd) Bus Route 17.07 24.00

Bus Route( Three

109 6 Pamankada Road 22.55 24.00
Dual)

110 6 Pamankada Lane Other Roads 9.14 15.00

111 13 Paramanandha Vihara Mawatha Other Roads 9.14 15.00

112 5 Park Road Feeder Roads 12.19 22.00

Park Street (Dharmapala Mw to Hyde

113 2 Feeder Roads 15.24 22.00
Park Corner Ju)

Park Street (Hyde Park Corner to Sri

114 Feeder Roads 20.11 22.00
Jinarathana Mw Ju)

115 3 Pedris Road Other Roads 12.19 12.20

116 4 Pepin Lane Other Roads 6.09 12.20

117 6 Perakumba Place Other Roads 12.19 15.00

118 6 Peterson Lane Other Roads 12.19 15.00

119 6 Poor warama Mawatha Feeder Roads 15.24 22.00

120 6 Rajaguru Sri Subuthi Road Feeder Roads 12.19 22.00

121 4 Ramya Road Other Roads Ex.Rd.width 12.20

122 5 Randoli Lane Other Roads 6.09 12.20

123 4 Ransivi Lane Other Roads 6.09 12.20

Reid Avenue ( Thummulla Ju To Bus Route( Three

124 4/ 7 30.48 32.00
Independence Avenue) Dual)

Reid Avenue (Lauries Rd To Thum-

125 4 Other Roads 9.14 15.00
mulla Avenue)

126 4 Retreat Road Other Roads 7.92 12.20

Rober t Gunawardana Mawatha

127 6 Feeder Roads 30.48 32.00
(Follow RDA Street Line Plan)

128 6 Rudra Mawatha Other Roads 9.14 15.00

129 15 Rudrigo Place Other Roads 9.14 15.00

130 8 Ruhunukala Mawatha Other Roads 9.14 15.00

131 12 St Sebastian Street Feeder Roads 12.19 22.00

132 10 Santiarachchis Gardens Other Roads 12.19 15.00

133 8 Saranapalahimi Mawatha Other Roads 18.28 22.00

Bus Route( Two

134 12 Saunders Place 30.48 32.00
Dual)

135 3 School Lane Other Roads 9.14 12.20

136 12 Silver Smith Lane Other Roads 12.19 15.00

137 9 Sri Nigrodharama Mawatha Other Roads 20.11 22.00

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

138 15 Sri Wickrama Mawatha Other Roads 12.19 15.00

Bus Route( Three

139 15 Srimath Ramanathan Mawatha 22.86 32.00
Dual)

Bus Route( Two

140 15 St. Andrew ’s Road 19.51 22.00
Dual)

141 3 St. Michael’s Road Other Roads 12.19 15.00

142 3 Schofield Place Other Roads 6.09 12.20

143 9 School Lane Feeder Roads 9.14 15.00

14 4 8 Seevali Mawatha Other Roads 12.19 15.00

145 4 Shubber y Gardens Feeder Roads 12.19 12.20

Bus Route( Three

146 7 Sir Marcus Fernando Mawatha 30.48 32.00
Dual)

Bus Route( Two

147 10 Siri Dhamma Mawatha 12.19 22.00
Dual)

Bus Route( Three

148 14 Sirimawo Bandanayaka Mawatha 30.48 32.00
Dual)

Sirimawo Bandanayaka Mawatha

Bus Route( Three
149 14 ( Japan Friendship Bridge to Mad- 30.48 32.00
Dual)
ampitiya Road)

150 5 Siripa Lane Other Roads 12.19 12.20

Sri Bodhirukkarama Road ( Vihara

151 6 Other Roads 9.14 15.00
Lane)

Bus Route( Two

152 9 Sri Dharmarama Road 24.38 24.38
Dual)

Bus Route( Two

153 15 Sri Pannananda Mawatha 18.28 22.00
Dual)

154 5 Sri Siddhar tha Passage Other Roads 12.19 12.20

155 5 Sri Siddhar tha Path Other Roads 15.24 15.24

Sri Sivananda Veediya (Only for 2f t

156 13 Other Roads 6.09 12.20
S.L)

157 6 Sri Vijaya Road Other Roads 9.14 12.20

158 15 St. James Lane Other Roads 7.31 12.20

159 15 St. James Street Other Roads 12.19 15.00

160 13 St. Lucia’s Lane Other Roads 6.09 12.20

Bus Route( Two

161 15 St. Mar y ’s Road 12.19 22.00
Dual)

162 15 St. Mar y ’s Lane Other Roads 9.14 15.00

Bus Route( Three

163 13 St. Anthony ’s Mawatha 22.86 32.00
Dual)

164 3 St. Anthony ’s Mawatha Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

165 15 St. John’s Way Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

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Urban Development Authority

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

Suvisuddarama Road (from W. A .

166 6 Feeder Roads 9.14 15.00
Silva Mawatha Ju to Quarr y)

Suvisuddarama Road (Havelock Road

167 6 Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00
Ju to Parakumba Pl)

168 6 Swarna Road Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

169 14 Swarna Chaithya Road Other Roads 12.19 15.00

Bus Route( Two

170 14 Stace Road 18.28 24.00
Dual)

171 6 Strat ford Avenue Feeder Roads 18.28 24.00

172 8 Sumner Place Other Roads 6.09 12.20

173 5 Sunethra Lane Other Roads 12.19 15.00

T.B. Jayah Mawatha (Maradana Road Bus Route( Three

174 10 24.38 32.00
to D.R. Wijewardhana Mw Ju) Dual)

T.B. Jayah Mawatha (D.R. Wijeward- Bus Route( Three

175 10 20.11 32.00
hana Mw to Union Pl) Dual)

176 3 Temple Lane Other Roads 12.19 12.20

177 10 Temple Road Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

178 15 Temple Road Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

Bus Route( Two

179 6 Thimbirigasyaya Road 20.11 24.00
Dual)

Bus Route( Two

180 7 Torring ton Avenue 12.19 22.00
Dual)

Bus Route( Three

181 2 Union Place 22.86 32.00
Dual)

182 3 Unit y Place Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

183 4 Upatissa Road Other Roads 7.31 12.20

184 2 Vauxhall Street Other Roads 15.0 24.00

185 2 Vellons Passage Other Roads 6.09 12.20

186 9 Veluwana Road Other Roads 12.19 15.00

187 9 Veluwana Terrace Other Roads 12.19 15.00

Vijaya Kumaratunga Mawatha (from

188 5 Edmonton Road to Poor varama Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00
Road)

189 6 Veluwanarama Road Feeder Roads 12.19 22.00

Ven. Baddegama Wimalawansa

Bus Route( Three
190 10 Thero Mw. (From Maradana Rd to De 24.38/ 30.48 32.00
Dual)
Soyza Circus)

191 15 Vyst w yke Road Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

192 10 Vinayalankara Mawatha Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

193 5 Visakha Road Other Roads 9.14 15.00

194 2 Vithanage Mawatha Other Roads 12.19 15.00

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Existing Approved
Postal Classification for
No. Road Name Street Line building line
Zone No. Street Line
Width (m) Width (m)

Bus Route( Two

195 6 W. A . Silva Mawatha 22.55 24.00
Dual)

196 15 Wall’s Lane Other Roads 10.05 15.00

Bus Route( Three

197 7 Ward Place 20.11 32.00
Dual)

198 2 Wekanda Road Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

199 6 Wellawat ta Station Road Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

200 15 Whist Passage Feeder Roads 12.19 15.00

Bus Route( Two

201 7 Wijerama Mawatha 22.86 24.00
Dual)

202 3 5 th Lane (Kollupitiya) Other Roads 12.19 12.20

203 13 5 th Lane (Bloemendhal Rd) Other Roads 6.09 12.20

204 3 14 th Lane Other Roads 6.09 12.20

205 3 27 th Lane Other Roads 12.20 12.20

206 6 53 rd
Lane A Other Roads 6.09 12.20

207 10 1 Maligakanda Lane

st
Other Roads 12.19 12.20

208 10 2 nd
Maligakanda Lane Other Roads 12.19 12.20

The street line & buidling line limits imlemented by Colombo Munic-
ipal Council Shall be applicable for the existing roads within Colombo
Municipal Council limits that are not include above.

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Part III

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

List of Figures

Figure No. 2.1 : Old Fort Light House 1907 Source : wikipedia.org 14
Figure No. 2.2 : The picture of Colombo Port built by the Portuguese- 1520 14
Figure No. 2.3 : Settlement Distribution in Earliest Stage of Portuguese Era 15
Figure No. 2.4 : Picture of Portuguese Port 1524 | Source : Lankapura Website, 2020 15
Figure No. 2.5 : Houses in Dutch Era 1763 16
Figure No. 2.6 : Dutch Hospital Colombo – 1771 16
Figure No. 2.7 : Settlement Distribution in Dutch Era 17
Figure No. 2.8 : Colombo Port in Dutch Era – 1775 17
Figure No. 2.9 : Prince Street, Colombo Fort – 1800 18
Figure No. 2.10 : Settlement Distribution of British Era 19
Figure No. 2.11 : The City Plan of Sir Patrick Geddes – 1921 21
Figure No. 2.12 : Patrick Abercrombie Divisional Plan – 1948 22
Figure No. 2.13 : Colombo Master Plan 1978- Incooperated with the United Nations Development Programme 23
Figure No. 2.14 : City of Colombo Development Plan – 1985 25
Figure No. 2.15 : Colombo Metro Region Structure Plan (CMRSP) – 1998 26
Figure No. 2.16 : Colombo Core Area – 1998 27
Figure No. 2.17 : The Colombo City Development Plan – 1999 28
Figure No. 2.18 : Megapolis Plan of the Western Province (CESMA) – 2004 29
Figure No. 2.19 : City of Colombo Development Plan (Amendment) – 2008 30
Figure No. 2.20 : ‘Megapolis’ Western Province Master Plan – 2030 31
Figure No. 2.21 : National Physical Structure Plan – 2030 32
Figure No. 2.22 : National Physical Plan – 2050 33
Figure No. 2.23 : Land use pattern of Colombo – 2018 37
Figure No. 2.24 : Land use pattern of Colombo – 2002 38
Figure No. 2.25 : Land use pattern of Colombo – 2018 39
Figure No. 2.26 : Connections with other main Cities as a National city 41
Figure No. 2.27 : Regional Connections with Other Cities | Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021 42
Figure No. 2.28 : Main Corridors Entering to the Colombo City | Source : ComTrans Urban Transport Planning, 2014 42
Figure No. 2.29 : Nodal Hierarchy related to Colombo Commercial City 43
Figure No. 2.30 : Road Network, Railway Network and Highway System of Colombo City 45
Figure No. 2.31 : No. of Vehicles Entering to the Colombo City via the Seven Major Corridors 46
Figure No. 2.32 : Railway Passenger Transportation and Colombo Fort Railway Station 47
Figure No. 2.33 : Sri Lanka Central Bus Terminal and Gunasinghapura Bus Stand 48
Figure No. 2.34 : Pipe born water Line system Laid in the Colombo Municipal Council Area 50
Figure No. 2.35 : Map of Sri Lanka Transmission System – 2019 51
Figure No. 2.36 : Areas not covered by the Sewage and Wastewater Management System within the
Colombo Municipal Council limits 53
Figure No. 2.37 : Urban Competitive Index 55
Figure No. 2.38 : Estimated per capita GDP of Colombo City 56
Figure No. 2.39 : Land Value Index (LVI) 57
Figure No. 2.40 : Streets in Pettah 58
Figure No. 2.41 : Colombo Gold Center 59
Figure No. 2.42 : Panchikawatta Vehicle Spare Parts Market 60
Figure No. 2.43 : Attractive Places In Colombo 61
Figure No. 2.44 : Population Density in Colombo 63
Figure No. 2.45 : Population Distribution According to the Age Catergory and Male / Female Catergory 64
Figure No. 2.46 : Immigrant Population 66
Figure No. 2.47 : National and Private Hospital In Colombo City 67
Figure No. 2.48 : National and Private Schools In Colombo City 68
Figure No. 2.49 : National and Private Higher Education Institute In Colombo City 70
Figure No. 2.50 : Computer Literacy 71
Figure No. 2.51 : Galle Face 72
Figure No. 2.52 : Viharamahadevi Park 73
Figure No. 2.53 : Nelum Pokuna 74
Figure No. 2.54 : Lionel Wendt 74
Figure No. 2.55 : R. Premadasa International Cricket Stadium 75
Figure No. 2.56 : Bandaranayake Memorial International Conferrance Hall 76
Figure No. 2.57 : Colombo National Museum 77
Figure No. 2.58 : Planetarium of Sri Lanka 77
Figure No. 2.59 : Physical Boundary 82
Figure No. 3.1 : Development of high rise multi storey buildings in Beira Lake and adjoining area 90
Figure No. 3.2 : High rise building distribution in Colombo and Suburbs 91

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Urban Development Authority

Figure No. 3.3 : Building Distribution in Colombo Municipal Council Area 92

Figure No. 3.4 : Number of Condominium Buildings Approved by the Condominium Management Authority in
Colombo and Suburbs, 2005–2017 94
Figure No. 3.5 : Number of approved condominium buildings per annum in Colombo and suburbs 95
Figure No. 3.6 : Distribution of multi storied buildings around Wellawatte area 95
Figure No. 3.7 : Areas covered by the Existing Sewage and Wastewater System in the City of Colombo 96
Figure No. 3.8 : Colombo City Development Plan 2008 (Amendment) 98
Figure No. 3.9 : Shanties sprawled in the lowland areas of Colombo city 102
Figure No. 3.10 : Slums spread along the river banks of Colombo city 102
Figure No. 3.11 : Distribution of Underserved Settlements in the city of Colombo 104
Figure No. 3.12 : People living in underserved housing without adequate facilities 106
Figure No. 3.13 : An event where Sri Lanka Health Officers obtaining samples from the public to test for
Covid disease in the city of Colombo 107
Figure No. 3.14 : Spatial distribution of reported crime scenes in Colombo city limits 108
Figure No. 3.15 : Distribution of Underserved Settlements associated with water sources in the
Colombo Municipal Council area 109
Figure No. 3.16 : Water quality of water sources in the city of Colombo 110
Figure No. 3.17 : A flashflood situation in the underserved settlements around Colombo City 111
Figure No. 3.18 : Degradation of City Attractiveness due to scattering of Underserved Settlements 111
Figure No. 3.19 : Land Value in Colombo city 112
Figure No. 3.20 : Number of daily trips during peak hours in the city of Colombo 113
Figure No. 3.21 : Traffic flow along the Seven Main Corridors to the City of Colombo 114
Figure No. 3.22 : Number of vehicles registered in the Western Province 116
Figure No. 3.23 : Percentage of Commuters and Vehicles arriving in Colombo 117
Figure No. 3.24 : Interconnection of roads in Colombo city 118
Figure No. 3.25 : Average Traffic Speed during Morning Peak-hour (0700h–0800h) 120
Figure No. 3.26 : Average Traffic Speed during Afternoon Peak-hour (1300h–1400h) 121
Figure No. 3.27 : Average Traffic Speed during Evening Peak-hour (1700h–1800h) 122
Figure No. 3.28 : Water levels of the Kelani River (1965 to 2010) 126
Figure No. 3.29 : Flood Depth Map in 2010 and 2016, Colombo District 127
Figure No. 3.30 : Decreased vegetation cover from 1995 to 2016. (NDVI Analysis based on Landsat
Data 1995, 2005 and 2016 132
Figure No. 3.31 : Land surface Temperature Variation in Colombo District 133
Figure No. 3.32 : Identified Affected Areas by Urban Heat Islands in the Colombo District based on
Landsat Data - 2016 134
Figure No. 3.33 : Comparison of Colombo’s Position among the Fastest Growing Industries in Sri Lanka 135
Figure No. 3.34 : Office Space at Trace Expert City, Maradana 137
Figure No. 3.35 : One Galle Face Shopping Mall 138
Figure No. 3.36 : Altair & Colombo City Centre Buildings (Mixed Development) 140
Figure No. 3.37 : Shangri-La Hotel 141
Figure No. 3.38 : Port Access Highway Project (2018 - 2030) 143
Figure No. 6.1 : Concept Plan 167
Figure No. 6.2 : Expected Nodal Hierachy in Colombo Municipal Council Area – 2031 177
Figure No. 6.3 : Identified Visual Corridors and maximum Heights limits of Lotus Tower 179
Figure No. 6.4 : The Three Dimensional Form of Colombo Commercial City (Not to actual scale) 180
Figure No. 6.5 : The Three Dimensional Form of North Area of Colombo Commercial City (Not to actual scale) 182
Figure No. 6.6 : Three Dimensional Form of Garden Zone and Premium Zone (Not to actual scale) 184
Figure No. 6.7 : 3D model of the built environment from sea level (Not to actual scale) 186
Figure No. 6.8 : Cross section of proposed urban model (Not to actual scale) 188
Figure No. 6.9 : Skyline change from Colombo North to Colombo South (Not to actual scale) 188
Figure No. 6.10 : Variation of Skyline from West to North East direction of Colombo (Not to actual scale) 189
Figure No. 6.11 : Skyline change from Colombo port city to Peliyagoda direction (Not to actual scale) 190
Figure No. 6.12 : Cross Section of Water Front Road (Two Lane) 200
Figure No. 6.13 : Cross Section of Two Lane Road 200
Figure No. 6.14 : Cross Section of Four Lane Road 200
Figure No. 6.15 : Proposed Transport Development Projects 201
Figure No. 6.16 : Pettah Transport Center Development Project 205
Figure No. 6.17 : Borella Transport Oriented Development Area 206
Figure No. 6.18 : Narahenpita Multi Storey Car Park Complex 207
Figure No. 6.19 : Pettah Multi Storey Car Park Complex 208
Figure No. 6.20 : Olccot Mawatha Multi Storey Car Park Complex 208
Figure No. 6.21 : Union Place Multi Storey Car Park Complex 209

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Figure No. 6.22 : Settlement Promotion Areas 214

Figure No. 6.23 : Projects Identified under the Colombo Urban Regeneration Project 217
Figure No. 6.24 : Sahaspura Housing Scheme 219
Figure No. 6.25 : Methsara UyanaHouse Scheme 219
Figure No. 6.26 : Slave Island Housing Project -I 222
Figure No. 6.28 : Nawam Mawatha Housing Redevelopment Project 222
Figure No. 6.27 : Slave Island Housing Project -II 222
Figure No. 6.29 : Vaxshall Sreet Redevelopment Project 223
Figure No. 6.30 : Hathbodhiya wattta Housing Redevelopment Project 223
Figure No. 6.31 : Kollupitiya Housing Redevelopment Project 223
Figure No. 6.32 : Marine Transport Density Map 227
Figure No. 6.33 : Project Area of Port Related Facility Development 229
Figure No. 6.34 : Colombo Port City Project 230
Figure No. 6.35 : Beira Lake Development Project 231
Figure No. 6.36 : Maritime City Development Project 232
Figure No. 6.37 : Narahenpita New Township Development Project 233
Figure No. 6.38 : Borella New Township Development Project 234
Figure No. 6.39 : The Layout Plan of Hospital Square Development Project 261
Figure No. 6.40 : Layput Plan of Narahenpita New Township Development Project - Land Allocated for
Health Facilities and Education Facilities 263
Figure No. 6.41 : Layout Plan of Judiciary Square Development Project 266
Figure No. 6.42 : Colombo Municipal Wastewater Management Project 271
Figure No. 6.43 : Colombo Proposed Cultural Tour 280
Figure No. 6.44 : Colombo Racecourse 281
Figure No. 6.45 : Independence Square 281
Figure No. 6.46 : Old Dutch Hospital 282
Figure No. 6.47 : Gafoor Building 282
Figure No. 8.1 : Beira Lake Development Guide Area 329
Figure No. 8.2 : Independence Square and Surrounding Area Development Guide Zoning Plan 330

List of Tables

Table No. 2.1 : National relations 40

Table No. 2.2 : Amounts of waste water generated by different areas of Colombo city 52
Table No. 2.3 : Daily No. of Passengers Entering to the Colombo City 65
Table No. 2.4 : Estimated Student population in Colombo City – 2035 69
Table No. 2.5 : Physical data of canals located in the city of Colombo 80
Table No. 2.6 : Administrative structure of local government bodies 80
Table No. 3.1 : Building classification based on building height 89
Table No. 3.2 : Construction of multi storey and high-rise buildings in Colombo city 93
Table No. 3.3 : Travel Times by Mode of Transport 115
Table No. 3.4 : Capacities of the Seven Main Corridors entering the city of Colombo 119
Table No. 3.5 : Maximum Concentrations of Air Pollutants in the city of Colombo in 2008 123
Table No. 3.6 : Physicochemical Water Quality of the Water Network in City of Colombo (May 2015) 129
Table No. 3.7 : City Competitiveness Ranking (Among 39 South Asian Cities) Competitive City of the
21 st Century, Asian Development Bank (2011) 136
Table No. 3.8 : Accommodation Capacity of Tourist Hotels by Region 141
Table No. 6.1 : Major Aqua Regions associated with various waterfronts and green areas. 166
Table No. 6.2 : Residetial Population in Colombo Municipal Council Area 172
Table No. 6.3 : The commter population of Colombo Municipal Council Area 172
Table No. 6:4 : Pipe-borne water demand in Colombo Munipal Council Area 173
Table No. 6:5 : Residential Population Prediction in Colombo Municipal Council Area – 2031 174
Table No. 6.6 : First Priority Roads P1 197
Table No. 6.7 : Second Priority Roads P2 198
Table No. 6.8 : Settlement Promotion Areas and their Expected Residential Density Pattern 213
Table No. 6.9 : Implemented and Completed Urban Regeneration Projects 218
Table No. 6.10 : Housing projects currently in progress 220
Table No. 6.11 : Proposed housing projects for middle and upper middle-income earners 221
Table No. 6.12 : Lands release for investment opportunities, owned by the Urban Development Authority 235
Table No. 6.13 : Underutilized Lands proposed to use for Urban Development owned by the Sri Lanka Police 236

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Table No. 6.14 : Underutilized Lands proposed to use for Urban Development, owned by the
Sri Lanka Railway Department 236
Table No. 6.15 : Contribute to investment opportunities through redevelopment projects 237
Table No. 6.16 : Other Lands identified for urban development activities 237
Table No. 6.17 : Proposed Public Market Development Projects 238
Table No. 6.18 : Proposed Tourism Zones to promote Tourism Industry 240
Table No. 6.19 : Canal Reservations 244
Table No. 6.20 : Water sources to be improved and cleaned 245
Table No. 6.21 : Proposed Spatial Plan for Public Outdoor Recreational Facilities 247
Table No. 6.22 : Proposed Green Boulavards 248
Table No. 6.23 : Roundabouts, Trianglesand Center Islands 252
Table No. 6.24 : Urban Parks under Catalyst Projects 253
Table No. 6.25 : Large Scale Stormwater Management Projects Proposed and Implemented by
Sri Lanka Land Development Corporation 256
Table No. 6.26 : Estimated Water Demand – 2031 267
Table No. 6.27 : Estimated Sewer and Wastewater Generation – 2031 269
Table No. 6.28 : Estimated Solid Waste Generation – 2031 273
Table No. 7.1 : Development Zone and Zone Factors 291
Table No. 8.1 : Concentrated Mixed Development Zone 302
Table No. 8.2 : Mixed Development Zone I 305
Table No. 8.3 : Sea Front Mixed Development Zone 307
Table No. 8.4 : Concentrated Logistic Development Zone 310
Table No. 8.5 : Promoted Mixed Development Zone 313
Table No. 8.6 : Mixed Development Zone II 316
Table No. 8.7 : Premium Residentail Mixed Development Zone 319
Table No. 8.8 : Residentail Development Zone 324
Table No. 8.9 : Special Primary Residentail Development Zone 327
Table No. 8.10 : Public Open Space Zone 328
Table No. 8.12 : Independence Square and Surrounding Area Development Guide Regulations 332
Table No. 8.11 : Zoning Regulations for Independence Square and Surrounding Area Development Guide Plan 332

List of Maps

Map No. 2.1 : Colombo නගර සැැලසුුම්් සීීමාාව 83

Map No. 6.1 : Proposed Land Use Plan, City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031 168
Map No. 6.2 : Total Spatial Development Plan, Colombo Municipal Council Area, 2022–2031 171
Map No. 6.3 : Total Transport Development Plan – 2031 194
Map No. 6.4 : Roads Proposed for Development During the Planning Period 199
Map No. 6.5 : Total Urban Settlement Development Plan – 2031 212
Map No. 6.6 : Total Economic Development Plan of Colombo Municipal Council Area 226
Map No. 6.7 : Sustainable Environment Plan of Colombo Municipal Council Area 243
Map No. 6.8 : Total Utility Services Management Plan Of City of Colombo 260
Map No. 6.9 : Estimated Water Demand of Colombo Municipal Council Area – 2031 268
Map No. 6.10 : Estimated Sewer and Wastewater Generation of Colombo Municipal Council Area – 2031 270
Map No. 6.11 : Estimated Solid Wate Generation in Colombo Municipal Council Area – 2030 274
Map No. 6.12 : Distribution of Archelogical Monuments | Source : Uban Development Authority, 2021 283
Map No. 7.1 : Zoning Plan 2022–2031 289

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Annexures

Annexure 1 : List of historical and archaeological preserved buildings

Colombo Fort

1. The Foreign Ministry building located at Old Janadhipati Mawatha and

Sir Baron Jayathilaka Mawatha
2. The old post office building located at Janadhipathi Mawatha
3. Charted Bank Building infront of Mudalige Mawatha and Janadhipathi Mawatha
4. where Hatton National Bank City Branch Building, Janadhipathi Mawatha
5. Clock Tower and Lighthouse, Janadhipathi Mawatha and Chatham Street
6. Kirti Sri Rajasinghe Statue
7. Thaprobane Hotel facing Church Street and Grand Oriental Hotel in York Street.
8. Mackenzie Building facing York Street and Leyton Bastion Mawatha
9. Colombo Fort building facing Sir Baron Jayathilaka Mawatha and York Street
10. Government Pharmaceutical Corporation located Walker Sun & Pvt Company Building,
Sir Baron Jayathilaka Mawatha
11. Home Guard Headquarters Building, Sir Baron Jayathilaka Mawatha
12. Air Lanka Outlet Office Building, Sir Baron Jayathilaka Mawatha
13. Negris Building, York Street
14. Lalchands Stores Building, Chatham Street
15. Sales Department Building, Chatham Street
16. Mathew Building, Canal Street, Colombo 01
17. Klippenberg House Building in Naval Headquarters, Flagstaff Street
18. Dutch hospital building, Hospital Street
19. Fort within Port Authority premises
20. National Bank (main building), Chatham Road
21. The building owned by the Customs Department within the Port Authority precinct
22. Light House (North), Colombo Fort
23. De Soyza Building, Justice Akbar Mawatha, Colombo 02
24. Leyod's Building, Sir Baron Jayathilake Mawatha, Colombo 01
25. C.W.E. , White Ave Building, Sir Baron Jayathilake Mawatha, Colombo
26. Ceylan Bank located.Makan Marker Building, Sir Baron Jayatilaka Mawatha, Colombo 01
27. Gaffoor Building, Sir Babaron Jayatilaka Mawatha, Leyden Bastion Mawatha Colombo 01
28. CWE located Building, Sir Baron Jayathilake Mawatha
29. Government Bank of India located Building, Sir Baron Jayatilaka Mawatha, Colombo 01
30. Hong Kong and Shenghai Building, Sir Baron Jayathilake Mawatha, Colombo 01
31. Times Building, Sir Baron Jayathilake Avenue, Colombo 01
32. Bristol Street, Colombo 01
33. Cargills Building, York Street, Colombo 1
34. Millers Building, York Street,Colombo 01
35. Laksala Building, York Street, Colombo 01
36. Swiss Gold House Building, York Street, Colombo 01
37. Bursum & Company Building, Mudalige Mawatha, Colombo 01
38. Golden Nugget Casino Club Building, Mudalige Mawatha, Colombo 01
39. People's Bank Building, Mudali Mawatha, Colombo 01
40. Old Central Telecommunication Office Telecom Building, Chatham Street, Colombo 01
41. Bank of Ceylon City Office located Ceylon Chamber of Commerce Building,
Chatham Street, Colombo 01

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Urban Development Authority

42. Transwork House Building, Chatham Street, Colombo 01

43. The Melal Building, Chatham Street, Colombo 01
44. Light Houses, Chaitya Road, Colombo 01
45. Light Houses (North- East), Harbor Land
46. Old Parliament Building (President's Secretariat), Galle face, Colombo 01
47. Regal Cinema, Chittapalam A. Gardiner Mawatha, Colombo 02
48. Air Lanka Office, Sir Baron Jayathilaka Mawatha
49. Police Headquarters
50. Ministry of Defence, Inland Revenue Department
51. Bastion Flagstaff street
52. George Steward/PIA
53. Bogoda Building
54. Brodis Building
55. Queen House, Janadhipathi Mawatha
56. Docks Stores
57. Dutch Governor's Houses
58. Colombo Apolistha Company Limited
59. Port Commission
60. Arcade Building (Facade)
61. Commercial Bank Volcker Sons & Company
62. Bristol Hotel
63. Laksala Building
64. Delphi Gateway
65. Stairs to Canal
66. Ministry of Housing Building
67. National Government meeting place
68. Grindis Banka
69. Echelon Barracks
70. Canal near The Rowing Club Roving Club
71. Ministry of Education Building, (Old Barrack Building)
72. Gall face
73. Galle face Green
74. Hotel Samudra
75. Galle face Hotel
76. St. Anadv Church, Kollupitiya
77. Archbishop's Residence
78. Sevana Houses, 263, Galle Road
79. Lotus Hotel
80. House 321, Galle Road pettah Kaiman Gate Bell Tower, Main Street, Colombo 11
81. Don Carolis Building, 1 st Lane and Kesar Road, Colombo 11
82. Old Municipal Building and Edinburgh Market, Main Road, 11 Colombo
83. Khan Clock Tower, Front Street, 11, Colombo
84. Ceylon College of Technology Old Building, 11 Olcott Mawatha, Colombo
85. Januwal Al Far Mosque, 2 nd Way, 11 Colombo
86. Samanhur Kadrawal Hindu Temple Grounds, 1 st Lane
87. Masjid Alfar Mosque, 2 nd Cross Street
88. Suhara Building 173, 2 nd Cross Street
89. Maulana Building, 188, 2 nd Cross Street
90. Shahidi Building, 182, 2 nd Cross Street
91. Houses and Shops 51, 1 st Cross Street

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Annexure 2 : Analyzes and observations made to identify

development trends

Development Pressure Analysis

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Accessibilit y facilities
Population densit y
Building densit y
Factors Hierarchy of Nodes
Expansion of Infrastructure facilities
Proposed special projects
Developable land

It can be identified that the direction of development pressure in the study area
is quantitatively spread towards the areas of Peliyagoda, Rajagiriya and Have-
lock Town. The reasons for the direction of development pressure towards these
areas can be stated as follows.

By connecting Peliyagoda with the proposed Por t Access Road and Elevated
Expressway, Kandy Expressway and Katunayake Expressway, the area will be
operated as an interchange center.

As a national polic y decision, through the concentration of all the public admin-
Observations
istrative institutions around the Bat taramulla area the interconnectivit y value
bet ween the Colombo core area and Rajagiriya became high.

Availabilit y of developable land along Havelock Town and adequate sewage

facilities (including sewage management system)
In addition to the above areas, it can be recognized that the development
pressure is high in the Beira Lake area and the por t cit y area. The reasons for
this can be at tributed to the disposal of underutilized land in the proposed
Beira Lake Development Guide Plan and other projects for development activi-
ties and the high investment oppor tunities to be made in the por t cit y.

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Environment Sensitivity Analysis

Green cover
Factors Water system of the area
Topography (slopes, lowlands)

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Within the study area, the area around the Kelani River and the area around Diwawan-
na Oya can be identified as the areas having high environmental sensitivity. Also, the
network of canals spread over the study area, i.e. the areas around Sebastian Canal,
Observations Dematagoda Canal, Kirulapana Canal, Wellawatta Canal and Heen Canal, the area
around Beira Lake and the coastal area have been identified as ecologically sensitive
areas. Furthermore, Viharamaha Devi Park area can be observed as an urban forest
area, Borella golf course and cemetery areas as areas with high green density.

Land Value

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Current market value

Factors
Annual Taxable Value

Areas with high land prices can be identified from Colombo Fort area to Borella via
Maradana, Borella to Timbirigasaya, Havelock Town to Wellawatta, Wellawatta to
Observations
Bambalapitiya, Kollupitiya to Colombo Fort. It can also be observed that the land prices
gradually decrease when going to other areas beyond those areas.

Spatial Integration Analysis

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Road connection
Factors
Intersection areas

When considering the inter-connectivity of the extended road sections in the study
area, the road sections from Colombo Fort to Bambalapitiya along Galle Road, from
Observations
Narahenpita to Dematagoda on the Baseline Road, and from Townhall Junction to
Kollupitiya show a high inter-connectivity value.

Annexure 3 : Cluster Plans and Site Plans under Colombo

Urban Regeneration Master Plan

1) Identified Clusters & Sites

Name of the
No. Extent / (ha) URP/SCURP Projects
Cluster/ Site

• Sirimuthu Uyana by URP

• SCURP Component I Housing Project at Stadium Gama
• SCURP Component II Land Re-development at 87 Wat ta
• SCURP Component II Land Re-development at Kimbula
Ela
Bloemendal & • SCURP Component I Housing Project at Madampitiya
01 Kimbula Ela 157 Road
Cluster • Proposed Housing Project at Kimbula Ela
• Jayamaga Sevana by URP
• SCURP Component II Land Re-development at RB Wat ta
• Sirisanda Sevana by URP
• 601 Wat ta Housing Project by URP
• Af fordable Housing Project at Stadium Gama

• SCURP Component I Housing Project at Furguson Road

• SCURP Component II Land Re-development at Furgu-
son Road
• SCURP Component II Land Re-development at Nagalag-
Henamulla am Weediya
02 70.5
Cluster • Muwadora Uyana by URP
• Randiya Uyana by URP
• Methsanda Sevana by URP
• Aluth Mawatha Housing Project I & II by URP
• Mat takkuliya Housing Project I & II by URP

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Name of the
No. Extent / (ha) URP/SCURP Projects
Cluster/ Site

• Lakhiru Sevana by URP

• Siyasetha Sevana by URP
• Laksetha Sevana by URP
• Lakhiru Sevana Phase II by URP
Maligawat ta • SCURP Component I Housing Project at Apple Wat ta
03 89.2
Cluster • SCURP Component II Land Re-development at Apple
Wat ta
• Proposed Phase III Housing Project at Apple Wat ta
• SCURP Component II Land Re-development at Maliga-
wat ta

• Sirisara Uyana by URP

• Methsara Uyana by URP
Wanathamulla • SCURP Component II Land Re-development at Demata-
04 158
Cluster goda Slughter House Land
• Oval Ground Middle Income Housing Project
• Elliot Place Middle Income Housing Project

Summitpura • SCURP Component II Land Re-development at Summit-

05 46.3
Cluster pura Mat takkuliya

• Ongoing D.M. Colombage Mawatha Housing Project

under Component I of SCURP
D.M. Colom- • Proposed land re-development at the land at which the
06 bage Mawatha 12
existing Poor warama Janapada is located (under
Site
Component II of SCURP)
• Abandoned Housing Development Project by the URP

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Annexure 03

C luster P lans and Site

P lan s un d er Colombo
Ur ban Regeneration
Master P lan

Figure No. 1 : Identified Clusters and Sites under Colombo Urban Regeneration Master Plan

2) Bleomendhal - Kimbula Ela Cluster Plan

Bloemendhal – Kimbula Ela Cluster is located in a strategic location

surrounding the Kimbula Ela water feature and a well-connected
canal network. The concept plan of the BK cluster, envisions to regen-
erate the area utilizing its natural potentials including the Kimbula
Ela and the surrounding canal network. Accordingly, the Kimbula Ela
water features and the immediate surrounding will be planned as the
focal point of the cluster which will be a recreational area in future.
The cluster is further divided in to three mini-planning clusters;

I. Kimbula Ela mini-cluster

II. 87 Watta mini-cluster
III. Stadium Gama mini-cluster

The key projects proposed under Kimbula Ela Cluster Plan are given
in the Table 01.

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Project
No. Project Name
Code

01 BK-1-1 Kimbula Ela Restoration and Recreational Area Development

02 BK-1-2 Bloemendhal Green Park Development

03 BK-1-3 Existing Canal Improvements

04 BK-2-1 Existing Road Widening & Improvement

05 BK-2-2 Accessibilit y enhancement through new road links and foot paths

06 BK-3-1 Kimbula Ela Low-income Housing Project I (Already commenced)

07 BK-3-2 Kimbula Ela Low-income Housing Project II (Proposed)

08 BK-3-3 Stadium Gama Low-income Housing Project (Ongoing)

09 BK-3-4 Madampitiya Low-income Housing Project (Ongoing)

10 BK-3-5 601 Wat ta Low-income Housing Project (Ongoing)

11 BK-3-6 Stadium Gama Af fordable Housing Project (Ongoing)

12 BK-4-1 87 Watta Land Redevelopment (RDL 01)

13 BK-4-2 Kimbula Ela Land Redevelopment (RDL 07)

14 BK- 4 -3 RB Garden Land Redevelopment (RDL 08)

15 BK-5-1 Kimbula Ela Sewer Improvement

Table No. 1 : Proposed Projects under Kimbula Ela and 87 Watta Mini Cluster Plans

Project
No. Project Name
Code

Infrastructure Development Projects

01 BK-3-8-7 Construction work of Pump house & Sewer improvement

02 BK-3-8-2 Improvement of public ground

03 BK-3-8-9 Children Park at Component I site

Environment Improvement Projects

04 BK-1-3-1 Improvement of Canal BC

05 BK-1-3-2 Improvement of Canal BD

06 BK-1-3-4 Improvement of Canal BE

07 BK-3-8- 4 Improvement of the rear side canal reser vation

08 BK-3-8-4 Improvement of the rear side canal reser vation

Accessibility Improvement Projects

08 BK-3-8-1 Development of the Main access road from Sirimavo Bandaranayake Mawatha

09 BK-3-8-3 Improvements of internal access road

10 BK-3-8- 4 Improvement of the rear side canal reser vation

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Urban Development Authority

11 BK-3-8- 6 Improvement of the canal side alley way connecting from Nor thern Canal to
Sirimavo Bandaranaike Mawatha along Sirimuthu Uyana site

Housing development project

12 BK-3-3 Stadiumgama low income housing project

13 BK-3-6 Stadiumgama af fordabale housing project

Table No. 2 : Proposed Projects under Stadium Gama Mini Cluster Plans

Figure No. 2 : Identified Canals to be improved under Bloemendhal - Kumbula Ela Cluster Plan

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Figure No. 3 : Conceptual Design Plan for Kimbula Ela Mini Cluster

Figure No. 4 : Conceptual Design Plan for 87 Watta Mini Cluster

386
Urban Development Authority

Figure No. 5 : Conceptual Design Plan for Staidum Gama Mini Cluster

3) Maligawatta Cluster Plan

Maligawatta Cluster has been phased out in to four (04) phases for
detail planning. In this level, only the Phase I which covers Apple
Watta mini cluster has been covered. The four phases of Maligawatta
Cluster are shown in the Table 03 Figure 06.

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Annexure 03

Cluster P l a n s a n d S i te
P lans unde r C o l o m bo
Urban Rege n e rat i o n
Ma ste r Pl a n

Figure No. 6 : Phases of Maligawatta Cluster Development

No. Phase Covered Areas

01 Maligawatta Phase I Apple Watta Land & 120 Watta, Nooraniya

Flats and surrounding USS in NHDA land

02 Maligawatta Phase II Scattered USSs accessed by Maligawatta

Lane and Jumma Masjid Road

03 Maligawatta Phase III Mal Watta and surrounding scattered USSs

04 Maligawatta Phase IV Kettaramaya settlement

Table No. 3 : Phases of Maligawatta Cluster Development

Key projects identified under Phase I of Maligawatta Cluster Develop-

ment are shown in the Table 04.

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Urban Development Authority

Project
No. Project Name
Code

Accessibility improvement including existing road widening and improvement of

01 MG-1
canal reservation roads.

02 MG-2-1 Improvement of St Sebestian Canal

Improvement of the canal flowing around the Laksetha Sevana and

03 MG-2-2
Apple Watta Site

Improvement of the canal flowing in between the Samadhi Mawatha and

04 MG-2-3
Maligawatta Place Road

05 MG-2-4 Improvement of the canal flowing parallel to the Jayathilake Place

06 MG-2-5 Apple Watta Urban Park Development

07 MG-2-6 Open Square within Apple Watta Site

Component I Low Income Housing Project at Apple Watta

08 MG-3-1
(Apple Watte Phase II HP)

09 MG-3-2 Proposed Low Income Housing Project at Apple Watte (Apple Watte Phase III HP)

10 MG-4-1 Land Re-development at Apple Watte (Re-housing and Urban Park Development)

Table No. 4 : Projects identified under Phase I of Maligawatta Cluster Development

Figure No. 7 : Conceptual Design Plan for Maligawatta Phase I Development

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Annexure 03 4) Henamulla Cluster Plan

⸺ Henamulla Cluster is s highly congested cluster which has four

completed and another two on-going low-income housing projects.
Cluster P l a n s a n d S i te The on-going Component I Housing Project at Furguson Road and
P lans unde r C o l o m bo
the proposed re-development land at Furguson Road fall within this
Urban Rege n e rat i o n
cluster and all these projects are located in close proximity to each
Ma ste r Pl a n
other creating a highly dense environment. Given this context, it is
important to plan and design this cluster as to create a liveable envi-
ronment with more open spaces and other required social and phys-
ical infrastructure facilities.

The identified projects under Henamulla Clsuter Plan are given in

Table 05.

Project
No. Project Name
Code

1 FG-1 Linear Park along the Kelani River Left bank

Improvement of the canal flowing towards Henamulla

2 FG-2
Housing Complexes

3 FG-3 Stormwater network improvement of the site

Improvement of existing roads and construction of new

4 FG-4
road links

Construction of Central Public Open Space with

5 FG-5
Community Facilities

6 FG-6 Construction of Public Ground

Table No. 5 : Projects identified under Henamulla Cluster Development

Figure No. 8 : Conceptual Design Plan for Henamulla Cluster Development

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Urban Development Authority

5) D.M. Colombage Mawatha Site Development Annexure 03

Colombage Mawatha site is situated in Kirulapone, a suburb of City ⸺

of Colombo. The site comes within the Colombo Municipal Council
limits. The site is located in close proximity to the Open University C luster P lans and Site
P lan s un d er Colombo
of Sri Lanka, Kirulapone Railway Station and High-level road and
Ur ban Regeneration
Baseline Road which are two of the major arterials in Colombo. The
Master P lan
site is bounded by the D.M. Colombage Mawatha Road, 7th lane, 5th lane
and Poorwarama Road.

A major portion of the land is owned by the Urban Development

Authority. A part of the land has already been filled and allocated
for development activities. Poorwarama Janapadaya underserved
settlement is located in another portion of the land. There are two
low-income housing projects located within the site. One of these
sites is the D.M. Colombage Mawatha Low Income Housing Project
implemented under the Component I of the SCURP. The other site is
an abandoned project site under the URP. This site has been proposed
and half way developed for a low-income housing project. Yet, the
project has been terminated due to a contractual issue and currently
remain as an abandoned state.

Identified projects under Colombage Mawatha Site plan are given in

Table 06.

Project
No. Project Name
Code

Accessibility Improvement

01 CM-1-1 Widening of the existing 5 th lane

02 CM-1-2 Widening and extension of the existing 7 th lane

New road link connecting 5 th lane & 7 th lane parallel to the canal flowing next to
03 CM-1-3
the Component I site boundary

04 CM-1-4 Proposed 30 ft road link connecting 5 th lane and 7 th lane & its cross link

05 CM-1-5 Proposed 6m road link connecting 5 th lane and 7 th lane

Environment Management

06 CM-2-1 Improvement of the canal along the 7 th lane

07 CM-2-2 Improvement of the canal flowing via Sarasavi Garden Neigh-borhood

08 CM-2-3 Improvement of the canal flowing next to the Component I site boundary

09 CM-2-4 Improvement of the canal flowing in front of the Component I site at the 5 th lane

10 CM-2-5 Extension of the canal along the 5 th lane

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Project
No. Project Name
Code

11 CM-2-6 Stormwater drain at the rear side of the Component I & URP Housing Project sites

12 CM-2-7 Retention Pond Development

13 CM-2-8 Wetland Park

Cycling & Jogging Track around the retention pond, wetland park and
14 CM-2-9
surrounding canals

Settlement Development

15 CM-4-1 Component I Low Income Housing Project at Colombage Mawa-tha

16 CM-4-2 Continuation of the existing URP housing project at the Colom-bage Mawatha

Land Redevelopment

17 CM-5-1 Land Re-development at Colombage Mawatha

Table No. 6 : Projects identified under Colombage Mawatha Site Development

Figure No. 9 : Conceptual Design Plan for Colombage Mawatha Site Development

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Urban Development Authority

Annexure 4 : Proposed Public Outdoor Recreation Area Spatial Plan

Extent
Type of the Park Park Type
(Hectares)

Municipally owned playgrounds (small parks,

27.84 Local parks, small parks
regional parks, city parks)

Vihara Maha Devi Park 19.64 Central Urban Parks

Galle Face 12.00 Central Urban Parks

Beira Lake Linear Park 43.00 Central Urban Parks

Arcade Square Landscape Zone 3.63 Central Urban Parks

Arcade Square 4.0 Central Urban Parks

Commonwealth War Cemetery

4.5 Central Urban Parks
(Liveramentu Cemetery)

Crow Island Urban Park 10.6 Central Urban Parks

De Mel Urban Park 0.30 Small gardens

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Annexure 5 : Development Zones Coordinates

Concentrated Mix Development Zone

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

High Density Concentrated Mix Development Zone (Page 397)

1 79.84775469600 6.93693471912

2 79.84802886920 6.93508170296

3 79.85787908700 6.93327452340

4 79.86635711630 6.93723235394

5 79.85733363330 6.93137512338

6 79.85827903550 6.92906218721

7 79.86179947410 6.92789614155

8 79.86264029490 6.91912092580

9 79.86424912090 6.91833150700

10 79.85800675860 6.91201050383

11 79.84806030510 6.91075898710

12 79.84203634850 6.93843162454

Medium Density Concentrated Mix Development Zone (Page 398)

1 79.86634586960 6.93722631825

2 79.85789559670 6.93328220361

3 79.84801762860 6.93507955538

4 79.84778898390 6.93683132590

5 79.85710300320 6.95013457179

Low Density Concentrated Mix Development Zone (Page 399)

1 79.86480438750 6.91844909871

2 79.86264029490 6.91912092580

3 79.86320095150 6.92035240191

4 79.86279846920 6.92374680893

5 79.86186792100 6.92785447210

6 79.85827903550 6.92906218721

7 79.85733363330 6.93137512338

8 79.85953495530 6.93181555946

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Urban Development Authority

High Density Concentrated Mix Development Zone

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Medium Density Concentrated Mix Development Zone

396
Urban Development Authority

Low Density Concentrated Mix Development Zone

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Mix Development Zone I

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

High Density Mix Development Zone I (Page 402)

1 79.85872708700 6.89747109784

2 79.85881505020 6.89680391320

3 79.85919994140 6.89696700269

4 79.85920423830 6.89696012755

5 79.85988315040 6.89594076326

6 79.85743417630 6.89522766976

7 79.85787771720 6.89368348965

8 79.85857597280 6.89282659337

9 79.85905896540 6.89291671700

10 79.85891923290 6.89231738011

11 79.85914827290 6.89100272758

12 79.85969322230 6.88979737884

13 79.85988109870 6.88898772127

14 79.86018796340 6.88820848178

15 79.86041788820 6.88700607319

16 79.86136196410 6.88730577981

17 79.86206872450 6.88546820131

18 79.86313190760 6.88337136800

19 79.86389976220 6.88204238927

20 79.86405233570 6.88127870434

21 79.86595526400 6.87675817318

22 79.86525466310 6.87663428860

23 79.86328987680 6.86315085988

24 79.84931653580 6.91112931707

25 79.85810152740 6.89939357842

Medium Density Mix Development Zone I (Page 403)

1 79.85922861500 6.89690557030

2 79.86021821920 6.89748909806

3 79.86839910470 6.88426901177

4 79.86762598210 6.88377568958

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Urban Development Authority

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

Low Density Mix Development Zone I (Page 404)

1 79.86390519770 6.88195322443

2 79.86313190760 6.88337136800

3 79.86206872450 6.88546820131

4 79.86136196410 6.88730577981

5 79.86041788820 6.88700607319

6 79.86039210040 6.88711975123

7 79.86027027110 6.88828542161

8 79.86007792150 6.88905481997

9 79.85988109870 6.88898772127

10 79.85969322230 6.88979737884

11 79.85947850650 6.88976159287

12 79.85914827290 6.89100272758

13 79.85891923290 6.89231738011

14 79.85921424330 6.89240242815

15 79.85905896540 6.89291671700

16 79.85857597280 6.89282659337

17 79.85809132470 6.89375303629

18 79.85787771720 6.89368348965

19 79.85743417630 6.89522766976

20 79.85988315040 6.89594076326

21 79.85827397250 6.90625896071

22 79.85979149020 6.89869018447

23 79.85965616720 6.89807276741

24 79.85881505020 6.89680391320

25 79.85872708700 6.89747109784

26 79.85810152740 6.89939357842

27 79.85624200500 6.89890762324

28 79.85421095330 6.90531118083

29 79.85644559020 6.90608698942

30 79.85555240040 6.90835093564

31 79.85502597330 6.90820934757

32 79.85366517330 6.91200370440

33 79.85561220370 6.91197088928

34 79.85561282630 6.91196956967

35 79.86756183760 6.88390295968

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High Density Mix Development Zone I

400
Urban Development Authority

Medium Density Mix Development Zone I

401
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Low Density Mix Development Zone I

402
Urban Development Authority

Maritime Mixed Development Zone

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

1 79.84807159690 6.91076642973

2 79.84931692600 6.91115915117

3 79.86325771200 6.86312641459

4 79.85961712030 6.86276860489

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Logistic Development Zone

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

High Density Logistic Development Zone (Page 407)

1 79.87805664600 6.95692969924

2 79.87475756030 6.95095022999

3 79.86425976340 6.94339947681

4 79.86218909240 6.94735283806

5 79.85710300320 6.95013457179

6 79.84160251950 6.93789186442

7 79.85788145130 6.96232015631

8 79.86017034770 6.95972518723

9 79.86286670000 6.96181889992

10 79.86556640010 6.96448500038

11 79.86747540000 6.96590610009

12 79.86747645310 6.96591190881

Medium Density Logistic Development Zone (Page 408)

1 79.87805664600 6.95692969924

2 79.86867911900 6.96519672957

3 79.87579847620 6.97607951076

4 79.87456705200 6.98004742267

Low Density Logistic Development Zone (Page 409)

1 79.86029130090 6.95966745955

2 79.85835526500 6.96034934610

3 79.85803959840 6.96164070927

4 79.87456412830 6.98005581244

5 79.87499437080 6.97885475924

6 79.87577136260 6.97640007590

7 79.86850017580 6.96500869115

8 79.86747540000 6.96590610009

404
Urban Development Authority

High Density Logistic Development Zone

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Medium Density Logistic Development Zone

406
Urban Development Authority

Low Density Logistic Development Zone

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 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Promoted Mix Development Zone

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

High Density Promoted Mix Development Zone (Page 413)

1 79.88453738180 6.91348632597

2 79.88542493700 6.91280487542

3 79.88919681100 6.91114119686

4 79.88871036830 6.90949491449

5 79.87706674410 6.90869821385

6 79.87282205510 6.91696029960

7 79.87356045920 6.91760354851

8 79.87416689860 6.91823047572

9 79.87473730680 6.91896035164

10 79.87673605540 6.91892466025

11 79.87687882190 6.92220831616

12 79.87698589790 6.92449259866

13 79.87587944940 6.92445690726

14 79.87520130210 6.92499228627

15 79.87500689660 6.92530333478

16 79.87561153390 6.93113443028

17 79.88097251460 6.93043914668

18 79.88119039340 6.92936366010

19 79.88130165060 6.92836698074

20 79.88101887180 6.92826499494

21 79.88147098790 6.92773653319

22 79.88147310030 6.92773459977

23 79.88143649970 6.92693120031

24 79.88076850040 6.92696500043

25 79.88073160030 6.92564740011

26 79.88068119960 6.92483319979

27 79.88420380000 6.91783999962

28 79.88408370000 6.91647660042

29 79.88380450010 6.91551579981

30 79.88418160020 6.91524389969

31 79.88389267420 6.91452755012

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Urban Development Authority

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

Medium Density Promoted Mix Development Zone (Page 414)

1 79.87561153390 6.93113443028

2 79.87500689660 6.92530333478

3 79.87587944940 6.92445690726

4 79.87698589790 6.92449259866

5 79.87687882190 6.92220831616

6 79.87673605540 6.91892466025

7 79.87473730680 6.91896035164

8 79.87416689860 6.91823047572

9 79.87281470260 6.91695203592

10 79.86477196650 6.91729398994

11 79.86552589870 6.92730847977

12 79.87288664920 6.93089319454

13 79.87561153390 6.93113443028

14 79.87450697220 6.91500860425

Low Density Promoted Mix Development Zone (Page 415)

1 79.88191091650 6.91037236145

2 79.88246087700 6.90916875937

3 79.88233465650 6.90866838547

4 79.88031387820 6.90752432706

5 79.88074314310 6.90698314369

6 79.88090732590 6.90640493467

7 79.88080025010 6.90583029483

8 79.88060751380 6.90525922419

9 79.88026130220 6.90475953738

10 79.87980801490 6.90574463424

11 79.87971878510 6.90637638113

12 79.87924630940 6.90625237307

13 79.87928169960 6.90538531514

14 79.87922419060 6.90408030447

15 79.87916225790 6.90266912344

16 79.87898301100 6.90191616589

409
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

17 79.87956795000 6.90179234287

18 79.88006850160 6.90266404285

19 79.88079217160 6.90358833159

20 79.88170860400 6.90298697700

21 79.88139437500 6.90247183300

22 79.88088399070 6.90030881058

23 79.88132399220 6.89979002643

24 79.87895505000 6.89935638400

25 79.87559403840 6.89928700637

26 79.87573579660 6.90265826362

27 79.87651347430 6.90273575805

28 79.87651555830 6.90428397962

29 79.87654054260 6.90539399818

30 79.87652269660 6.90643263291

31 79.87583741190 6.90752123632

32 79.88162856980 6.91099576044

410
Urban Development Authority

High Density Promoted Mix Development Zone

411
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Medium Density Promoted Mix Development Zone

412
Urban Development Authority

Low Density Promoted Mix Development Zone

413
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Mix Development Zone II

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

High Density Mix Development Zone II (Page 421)

1 79.87654220900 6.94910955579

2 79.87654366220 6.94910981223

3 79.87667520630 6.94894109254

4 79.87685253610 6.94881696173

5 79.87694711190 6.94876080731

6 79.87710966420 6.94866032046

7 79.87722788400 6.94858643307

8 79.87743772420 6.94842388082

9 79.87773622930 6.94821404063

10 79.87797562440 6.94810764279

11 79.87830071090 6.94796624373

12 79.87827831190 6.94599513532

13 79.87829324460 6.94544262766

14 79.87817378350 6.94470346200

15 79.87813645190 6.94383736891

16 79.87816970660 6.94330529396

17 79.87832575410 6.94343839877

18 79.87844920500 6.94346018421

19 79.87864356640 6.94347342574

20 79.87879623710 6.94340546730

21 79.87924307300 6.94281630873

22 79.87958092040 6.94269492633

23 79.87987909690 6.94265840396

24 79.88021445680 6.94258606340

25 79.88043388270 6.94254294213

26 79.88060887410 6.94253646097

27 79.88096694930 6.94242628397

28 79.88120566610 6.94227019989

29 79.88136175020 6.94211411580

30 79.88152701570 6.94181112906

31 79.88171064400 6.94156323081

414
Urban Development Authority

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

32 79.88186672810 6.94139796531

33 79.88192181660 6.94117761131

34 79.88194936090 6.94091135023

35 79.88200444940 6.94061754490

36 79.88207790070 6.94036046524

37 79.88225593810 6.94010612611

38 79.88022541200 6.93803512445

39 79.87940785880 6.93735663957

40 79.87871703240 6.93677959632

41 79.87854519500 6.93151901317

42 79.87850266220 6.93029087650

43 79.87850259860 6.93028904216

44 79.87764200110 6.93055534028

45 79.87764206470 6.93055808288

46 79.87767005500 6.93176353760

47 79.87786509030 6.94016312535

48 79.87703109960 6.94015199972

49 79.87522440030 6.93911749967

50 79.87425839980 6.93773990018

51 79.87328240290 6.93659296284

52 79.87295524460 6.93614386223

53 79.87246370010 6.93556350036

54 79.87216679980 6.93540100006

55 79.87164250040 6.93524950027

56 79.87044315170 6.93503264842

57 79.86829248740 6.93474923483

58 79.86617409990 6.93454119962

59 79.86612059480 6.93457808911

60 79.86610575130 6.93458832302

61 79.86627696770 6.93573235942

62 79.86630438950 6.93601343291

63 79.86635711630 6.93723235394

415
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

64 79.86658675830 6.93737089485

65 79.86673105360 6.93748498824

66 79.86690917240 6.93761448522

67 79.86717452730 6.93782275831

68 79.86727909060 6.93789198992

69 79.86746595170 6.93800967970

70 79.86765906670 6.93811290299

71 79.86820512970 6.93833210824

72 79.86845354580 6.93841252022

73 79.86860435040 6.93857508527

74 79.86872334960 6.93870131681

75 79.86922879560 6.93923747823

76 79.86930285110 6.93931603311

77 79.86947137780 6.93950792685

78 79.86952682190 6.93957105926

79 79.86955413790 6.93962203823

80 79.86966767370 6.93984865569

81 79.86969634770 6.94005912133

82 79.86973524520 6.94025658907

83 79.86974459990 6.94029874299

84 79.86975595840 6.94034040319

85 79.86984329510 6.94062793443

86 79.86996791690 6.94096469906

87 79.87014739640 6.94135796900

88 79.87032559700 6.94169971857

89 79.87047414620 6.94197989606

90 79.87056219970 6.94211520266

91 79.87065727240 6.94223612100

92 79.87072896460 6.94231687562

93 79.87082481160 6.94240094785

94 79.87091297490 6.94247275691

95 79.87102158330 6.94254821633

96 79.87130369160 6.94267880418

416
Urban Development Authority

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

97 79.87141945140 6.94271196758

98 79.87152937740 6.94273556130

99 79.87156227280 6.94274198695

100 79.87164053990 6.94275228329

101 79.87171940770 6.94275572410

102 79.87175526190 6.94275551635

103 79.87214732040 6.94297933693

104 79.87232616500 6.94308143696

105 79.87247292180 6.94319346011

106 79.87294112140 6.94355085069

107 79.87313558630 6.94369929189

108 79.87316680360 6.94372371838

109 79.87337960390 6.94389022515

110 79.87355047060 6.94401652324

111 79.87363895220 6.94411717357

112 79.87375480010 6.94422929744

113 79.87396339700 6.94443498409

114 79.87423818480 6.94470353874

115 79.87447166500 6.94490704183

116 79.87459986880 6.94501878619

117 79.87470710660 6.94513051436

118 79.87493563520 6.94568367296

119 79.87508718260 6.94606650537

120 79.87516853170 6.94626300543

121 79.87522494710 6.94641875632

122 79.87528874500 6.94676406091

123 79.87533143670 6.94703008577

124 79.87536708940 6.94718934132

125 79.87540420080 6.94731958563

126 79.87545505930 6.94749267815

127 79.87554682970 6.94792966143

128 79.87564455730 6.94839257216

129 79.87569523940 6.94859939734

417
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

130 79.87566676690 6.94860443445

131 79.87589033200 6.94930427760

132 79.87589244190 6.94931088222

133 79.87617572760 6.94924550859

134 79.87617572760 6.94924550859

Medium Density Mix Development Zone II (Page 422)

1 79.87474 6.950953

2 79.87589 6.949304

3 79.87555 6.94793

4 79.87529 6.946764

5 79.87466 6.945071

6 79.87396 6.944435

7 79.87247 6.943193

8 79.87176 6.942756

9 79.87102 6.942548

10 79.87033 6.9417

11 79.87032 6.941694

12 79.86997 6.940965

13 79.86947 6.939508

14 79.86872 6.938701

15 79.86784 6.938191

16 79.86714 6.937798

17 79.86639 6.937251

18 79.86426 6.9434

19 79.87413 6.951058

Low Density Mix Development Zone II (Page 423)

1 79.86610381620 6.93458965725

2 79.87786509030 6.94016312535

3 79.87767005500 6.93176353760

4 79.87764206470 6.93055808288

5 79.86581473200 6.92698463640

6 79.86418208290 6.92889995942

418
Urban Development Authority

High Density Mix Development Zone II

419
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Medium Density Mix Development Zone II

420
Urban Development Authority

Low Density Mix Development Zone II

421
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Residential Prominent Mix Development Zone

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

High Density Residential Prominent Mix Development Zone (Page 426)

1 79.87692837840 6.87866226713

2 79.87459727140 6.87909620010

3 79.87570380010 6.88289809967

4 79.87569297460 6.88415310061

5 79.87685266420 6.88666634372

6 79.87661177900 6.88805948786

7 79.87509399980 6.88772767998

8 79.87470634550 6.88869681572

9 79.87429195640 6.89056825026

10 79.87472639650 6.89063508720

11 79.87446257410 6.89306285571

12 79.87498945580 6.89296957381

13 79.87475889910 6.89435969515

14 79.87455444860 6.89610067290

15 79.87527426110 6.89630586502

16 79.87510842700 6.89880649644

17 79.87566880210 6.89934307910

18 79.87715904000 6.89953246300

19 79.88127418920 6.89979442513

20 79.88273095270 6.89978579856

21 79.88222394220 6.88782467225

22 79.87718720480 6.88820426701

23 79.87748654350 6.88660037677

24 79.87648996770 6.88442908024

Low Density Residential Prominent Mix Development Zone (Page 427)

1 79.88343010780 6.87247568559

2 79.88264306140 6.87077573736

3 79.88059359810 6.87028121578

4 79.87370924820 6.87424068367

5 79.87370901140 6.87423665778

6 79.87370839040 6.87423742058

7 79.86525466310 6.87663428860

422
Urban Development Authority

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

8 79.86595526400 6.87675817319

9 79.86531808440 6.87944035500

10 79.86381896720 6.88188267565

11 79.86840486350 6.88426159723

12 79.86839910470 6.88426901178

13 79.86841156220 6.88426636927

14 79.88358977170 6.87307317610

423
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

High Density Residential Prominent Mix Development Zone

424
Urban Development Authority

Low Density Residential Prominent Mix Development Zone

425
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Residential Development Zone

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

High Density Residential Development Zone (Page 430)

1 79.88387705740 6.91453456662

2 79.88418160020 6.91524389969

3 79.88380450010 6.91551579981

4 79.88420380000 6.91783999962

5 79.88068119960 6.92483319979

6 79.88076850040 6.92696500043

7 79.88143649970 6.92693120031

8 79.88147310030 6.92773459977

9 79.88147098790 6.92773653319

10 79.88146651050 6.92773717282

11 79.88130509980 6.92837120017

12 79.88110389980 6.92964309965

13 79.88096749970 6.93043749959

14 79.87854519500 6.93151901317

15 79.87871703240 6.93677959632

16 79.88022541200 6.93803512445

17 79.88919679030 6.91114561516

High Density Residential Development Zone (Page 431)

1 79.86698 6.892023

3 79.87455 6.896101

4 79.87499 6.89297

5 79.87446 6.893063

6 79.87473 6.890635

7 79.87429 6.890568

8 79.87466 6.889673

9 79.87471 6.888697

10 79.87661 6.888059

11 79.8757 6.882898

12 79.8746 6.879096

13 79.87202 6.878925

14 79.86965 6.882913

15 79.86757 6.885339

16 79.86397 6.8911

426
Urban Development Authority

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

Medium Density Residential Development Zone (Page 432)

1 79.88474844070 6.88051129628

2 79.88523046800 6.87654251700

3 79.88778320200 6.87390477600

4 79.88761651800 6.87342598600

5 79.88565838230 6.87384042594

6 79.88335054450 6.87300689992

7 79.87692837840 6.87866226713

8 79.87648996770 6.88442908024

9 79.87718720480 6.88820426701

10 79.88431332670 6.88450944350

Low Density Residential Development Zone (Page 433)

1 79.88132399220 6.89979002643

2 79.88120343290 6.90003491263

3 79.88088399070 6.90030881059

4 79.88170860400 6.90298697700

5 79.88079217160 6.90358833159

6 79.87956795000 6.90179234287

7 79.87898301100 6.90191616589

8 79.87924630940 6.90625237307

9 79.87971878510 6.90637638113

10 79.88031387820 6.90752432706

11 79.88162856980 6.91099576044

12 79.88871036830 6.90949491449

13 79.88395139070 6.89568168485

14 79.88259705860 6.89560479347

15 79.88164742880 6.89584898401

16 79.88017685910 6.89549626434

17 79.87958254540 6.89715490741

427
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

High Density Residential Development Zone

428
Urban Development Authority

High Density Residential Development Zone

429
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Medium Density Residential Development Zone

430
Urban Development Authority

Low Density Residential Development Zone

431
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

Special Primary Residential Zone

Coordinates X Coordinates Y

1 79.85827397250 6.90625896071

2 79.85561282630 6.91196956967

3 79.86489664070 6.91701393465

4 79.87451182420 6.91501037964

5 79.87706674410 6.90869821385

6 79.87585981430 6.90754330688

7 79.87652269660 6.90643263291

8 79.87651347430 6.90273575805

9 79.87584733110 6.90272518435

10 79.86694777700 6.89298193023

11 79.86698184030 6.89202314990

12 79.86397200200 6.89110012200

13 79.86027646920 6.89747765349

14 79.85965616720 6.89807276741

432
Urban Development Authority

Special Primary Residential Zone

433
 City of Colombo Development Plan 2022–2031

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ATKearney, 2012. Competitive Bench Marking: Sri Lanka Knowledge Services, s.l.:
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D.U.A., E., 2014. Managing Traffic Congestion in Colombo and its Suburbs, s.l.: Sri Lanka
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Deltares/ ADPC & CECB, 2017. Detailed flood risk analysis and impact of mitigation
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Deltares/ ADPC/ CECB, 2017. Flood Hazard Assesment and Hydraulic Modeling of the
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Deltares/ADPC & CECB, 2017. Consultancy Services for Conducting a Detailed Flood
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I.G.P.K., W., 2013. Review on Origin and Expansion of Colombo Urban Area; Sri Lanka
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I., P., 2015. Forced Evictions in Colombo: High Rise Living, Colombo: Centre for Policy
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UN-Habitat, CEPA & Sevanatha, 2013. Colombo City - Livelihood Assesment of Flood-
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436
Urban Development Authority

437
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Ministry of Urban Development and Housing
6th, 7th & 9th Floor “Sethsiripaya” Battaramulla, Sri Lanka