CSP Team
CSP Team
SERVICE
PROJECT
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Crop Rotation
A Community Service Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of B-tech
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
By
M.Govardhan Reddy
(23HU5A0502)
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TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by ACITE ,New delhi,affiliated by JNUTA)
CERTIFICATE
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Service Community Project Report
Date of Submission :
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Student’s declaration
Endorsements
Faculty Guide :
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Certificate from Official of the Community
Acknowledgements
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The Satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible, whose constant guidance and
encouragement crowned our efforts with success.it is a pleasant aspect the we have now the
opportunity to express my gratitude for all of them.
Signature
Contents
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S.NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO.
1 Introduction
3. Future Of Agriculture
5 Problems on Farmers
6. Suggest To Farmers
9 Conclusion
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
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Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the
same area across a sequence of growing seasons. It reduces reliance on one set
of nutrients, pest and weed pressure, and the probability of developing resistant
pests and weeds.
Crop rotation not only on Indian Agriculture but also the whole world is as
follows:
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4. Reduction in soil humus/organic matter
5. Change in atmospheric composition
6. Reduction in productivity
CHAPTER-2
We selected the village near college named Pedda Tekur for this project because
before some years this village looks very good means very greenly. Everyone do
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agriculture and agriculture is not a job it is a responsibility. In epics also there is a
statement that farmers are the back bone of India , but now farmers are not
doing agriculture because there are not getting sufficient money for there work.
Now we motivate farmers by new farming techniques like Crop rotation and Inter
cropping.
Chapter 3
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Methods of Crop rotation are used widely in developing countries,
majorly because of economics and a fewer resources of chemicals. Yet
they are emerging as widely approved concepts in the developed
countries as a result of years of harmful industry chemical.
Crop rotation has been practiced for many thousand years ago in
India. These days, people from all walks of life are more than ready to
invest nutritious and chemical free product that can enrich their
overall health in the long run and are doing their bit to promote
healthy living within the society. The basic aim of Organic Farming is to
maintain human welfare without affecting the environment and
follows the principles of health and care for all including soil. In
today’s world practice of Crop Rotation has a combination of tradition,
innovation and science. Agriculture and allied sector accounts for 16%
of the country’s GDP, 14% of overall exports and provides employment
to over 55% of the workforce in the country.
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Chapter – 4
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Fig 4.1:Sustainable agriculture
The success of Crop rotation depends on the soil type and fertility of
the farm. It should always be noted that the soil in the field where you
want to do Organic Farming should be healthy and fertile. Some
insecticides are present in soil and water for years. These can
adversely affect the nervous system through crop products which can
also lead to serious diseases like cancer. Therefore, as far as possible,
one should stay away from pesticides. Before starting Organic Farming,
the land is not considered suitable for organic food for two years. So
that during this period crops can absorb all the harmful and toxic
elements present in the soil.
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SELECTION OF SPECIES/VARIETIES
Any species of a crop can be planted for Crop rotation. But it has been
felt that indigenous species will be more suitable for Organic Farming.
Because their energy demand is less. Some crops are fragile and are
susceptible to pests and diseases. As fares possible, anti-disease
species of crops should be selected. Often, a packet of seeds of such
crops is inscribed. It is also notable here that transgenic crops and their
species are not used in Organic Farming.
ORGANIC FERTILIZER
Among the organic manures used in the country are dung manure, compost
manure, vermicompost, poultry manure, animal laying, pigs and sheep manure
and cow dung manure. Normally 5 kg of cow dung and one ton of compost
manure. Nitrogen, 2-5 phosphorus and 5 kg potash are available. Mostly dung
is used by farmers to burn as dung cakes. Some biodynamic manures like cow
urine, animal horn manure, bone manure are also being used in Organic
Farming. Compost made with the help of earthworms by mixing crop residues,
weeds, leaves of herb vegetables and cow dung is called vermicompost or
earthworm compost. By this method, organic residues are kept in a long pile
and earthworms are left in the Eisen fetid. The vermi compost is prepared in
about 45 days. Organic fertilizers improve soil quality as well as increase the
availability of major, second and micronutrients. Only 30 percent of the given
amount of organic fertilizers in a crop is used in the first year, the remaining
amount is used by the next crop. The availability of phosphorus in the soil also
increases due to the humid content in organic fertilizers.
ORGANIC MANURES
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The use of organic fertilizers is proving beneficial in taking good
production of crops. Among them, Rhizobium culture, Azotobacter,
Azospirillum, PSB, Azola, vesicular mycorrhiza, indigo-green algae, bio
activator etc. are prominent. Use of organic fertilizers is very important
for sustainable farming and maintaining soil health. Organic fertilizers
are easily available at low cost and they are also very easy to use. The
use of organic fertilizers increases the yield of various crops by 10 to 25
percent. They are considered to be the main ingredients of Organic
Farming management. Rhizobium and Azotobacter provide nitrogen
(78 per cent) present in the atmosphere and deposited in the ground
through fixation. PSB By changing the insoluble phosphorus in the soil
to a soluble state, the phosphorus for the plants increases the
availability, which also benefits the next crops.
USE OF PULSES CROPS
Crop must be grown once a year. Pulses are not only a nutritional base
for more than half of India’s population, but are also the cheapest
source of protein and essential amino acid supplies. In addition, due to
lack of protein in the diet, malnutrition due to lack of protein can also
be prevented. The roots of lentil crops contain knots of Rhizobium
bacteria, which act as nitrogen fixation. After harvesting wheat, coral
crop should be taken. After plucking two coral beans, the crop should
be plowed and mixed into the soil.
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suck the juice of leaves, buds, stems and fruits or munch them and eat
them. This causes the quality of crops to deteriorate, as a result of
which farmers are unable to get a fair price for the produce in the
market. For this, one gram per liter of nemaline powder can be
sprayed and dissolved in water.
Nowadays Neem gold, Neem oil, Nemaline etc.
Chapter – 5
Daily progress of our internship.
Day1:
We started surveying our town to find where and how many fields are
present. What they are currently growing and in which part of town most
fields were present.
Day2:
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We went to fields in the outskirts of our town and met with farmers who
were already working on their lands. We asked the farmers how they grow
different types of crops.
We have collected some information about their crops, pesticides and soil.
Day3:
We visited some other fields. We noticed that every farmer is cultivating
wheat and paddy crops only. Most of the farmers using pesticides for the
cultivation of the crop for better profits.
Day4 & 5:
We also visited some villages nearby and visited their fields and found out
what were the differences in practising cultivation in villages and in our town.
Day 6:
We listed down the major problems faced by the farmer in our town and we
asked them if they were getting any help from the government.
Day 7:
We suggested them to do crop rotation by explaining what it is. What
are its benefits. How it can increase the yield. How it should be
followed. How they can get more help from the government.
Problems of farmers
We went to the farming lands which are located in the outskirts of Pedda
Tekur and we made discussions with farmers.
The major problems that farmers facing are:
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Good seed in good soil yields abundantly. Seed quality has been treated as
sacred, being an important factor in the improvement of agriculture and
agrarian societies. The Rigveda, 2000 BC indicate the importance accorded
to seed and the mother earth. 5th century Kautilya Artha Shasthra, surapalas
vrikshayurveda mentioned importance of seed and mentioned about seed
treatments to ensure good germination. Seed dressing with milk, vidanga,
cowdung, honey to protect the seed during germination.
2. The seed required for raising crop is quite small and its cost is so
less compared to other inputs
3. This emphasis the need for increasing the areas under quality seed
production
4. It is estimated that good quality seeds to improved varieties can
contribute about 20-25% increase in yield.
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The advent of modern plant breeding methods and biotechnological
advances in seed industry plays a significant role in developing of high
yielding varieties and hybrids.
Nitrogen (N)
Nitrogen is a key element in plant growth. It is found in all plant cells, in plant
proteins and hormones, and in chlorophyll.
Atmospheric nitrogen is a source of soil nitrogen. Some plants such as legumes fix
atmospheric nitrogen in their roots; otherwise fertiliser factories use nitrogen
from the air to make ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and urea. When
applied to soil, nitrogen is converted to mineral form, nitrate, so that plants can
take it up. Soils high in organic matter such as chocolate soils are generally higher
in nitrogen than podzolic soils. Nitrate is easily leached out of soil by heavy rain,
resulting in soil acidification. You need to apply nitrogen in small amounts often so
that plants use all of it, or in organic form such as composted manure, so that
leaching is reduced.
Phosphorus (P)
Phosphorus helps transfer energy from sunlight to plants, stimulates early
root and plant growth, and hastens maturity.
Very few Australian soils have enough phosphorus for sustained crop and
pasture production and the North Coast is no exception. The most common
phosphorus source on the North Coast is superphosphate, made from rock
phosphate and sulfuric acid. All manures contain phosphorus; manure from
grain-fed animals is a particularly rich source. Potassium (K)Potassium
increases vigour and disease resistance of plants, helps form and move
starches, sugars and oils in plants, and can improve fruit quality.
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Potassium is low or deficient on many of the sandier soils of the North Coast.
Also, heavy potassium removal can occur on soils used for intensive grazing
and intensive horticultural crops (such as bananas and custard apples).
Muriate of potash and sulfate of potash are the most common sources of
potassium
Chapter – 6
Suggestions to farmers
• We have discussed with the farmers and we found that thay have lost
their faith on seeds provided by government and the farmers were
purchasing seeds from private companies.
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• We came to know that the government schemes have improvised
themselves and they are offering quality certified seeds for lower
prices only by different sources.
• So we have suggested the farmers to buy the seeds from the following
schemes:
- Rotations need to include crop that provide good cover and root
development to control erosion and improves soil health.
We suggested to plant deep rooted crops like sweet potato to follow shallow
rotated crops like maize.
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Fig6.1: example of crop rotation
Chapter – 7
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• Increase Soil Fertility. Soil is fertile when it provides all the favorable conditions
for plant growth
• Get Better Nitrogen Use
• Improve Soil Structure
• Prevent Soil Erosion
• Increase Crop Yields
Chapter – 8
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• Planning can be difficult given these factors
Limitations
• It Involves Risk. ...
• Improper Implementation Can Cause Much More Harm Than Good. ...
• Obligatory Crop Diversification. ...
• Requires More Knowledge and Skills. ...
• The Difference in Growing conditions.
Chapter -9
Conclusion :
In agricultural practice, the use of crop rotation is an essential strategy that
improves nutrient availability, phytosanitary conditions, soil composition and
helps to counter biodiversity loss. Assessing the environmental impact of an
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entire crop rotation is a method able to capture crop-interactions
information, not possible in a single crop analysis.
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DAY-1 We formed the group For the CSP project ,we the one
who are nearest distance to our
village formed as group.
DAY-2 We search for the title In this day ,we search for the
different title for the project.
DAY-3 Decided the final title of the In this day ,with all group
project members opinions we come to
decide the title
Weekly Report
Week-1(From dt…………...to…………..)
Detailed Report: After knowing to do the project we among ourself had decided to form the group
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and finalized about the team members.
As each group consist of 5 members we had formed five members as a one group.
For this we had thought and think differently as it should be aware for everyone and it should helpful
to society .
we had decided to do our project on 'Floriculture' which can be useful for all and we can have an
awareness regarding for the deforestation problem.
Next we had a research on the title of our project that what measures can we take to gather all the
information so that we can explain and present and make an awareness in effective way.
To do all these we need to have a survey regarding reduce the deforestation and visit the places like
nursery etc.
DAY-3 Enquire the people about the flowers Collected the information
in locality about floriculture usage
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DAY-4 Gathering information about the The people information in
floriculture noted
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Objective of the Activity Done:
Detailed Report: crop rotation is one of the fastest-growing agricultural enterprises.
Because flowers have long been admired and used by humans to bring beauty to our
environment, and also as objects of: Ritual, Religion, Medicine, Romance and as a source of
Food, etc….,
FACTS:
1.A discipline of horticulture concered with the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for
Gardens and for the floral industry.
3.Floriculture crops include bedding plants,flowering plants ,foliage plants or house plants, cut ed
cultivat greens, and cut flowers.
Weekly report
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ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE THIRD WEEK
DAY-4 We started the topic foliage plants Started the project step by step
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WEEKLY REPORT
Detailed Report: We are collected the all information about the ‘FLORICULTURE’.
We are visiting the places to implement the project and get the awareness about the foliage plants in the
society.
And fixed and finalize and satisfaction with taken project ‘Floriculture’
We find the way to implement all the topics in foliage plants topics step by step.
We are go through the gathered information and create awareness in the society about the Floriculture.
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ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FOURTH WEEK
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WEEKLY REPORT
Detailed Report: We are collected the all information about the ‘FLORICULTURE’.
We are visiting the places to implement the project and get the awareness about the foliage
plants in the society.
And fixed and finalize and satisfaction with taken project ‘Floriculture’
After that we are thinking about how to implement the project by the step by step way of
implementing the process for the gardening.
Creating awareness about the pollution and implementation of how to reduce pollution
And how to conserve the energy by use limited electricity to avoid global warming
By the way we are implementing and we are go through the gathered information
Create awareness in the society about the gardening process in our locality.
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DAY& BRIEF LEARNING OUTCOMES PERSON IN-
DATE DESCRIPTION OF CHARGE
DAILT ACTIVITY SIGNATURE
DAY-1 Distributed plants We distributed the plants in our
locality.
WEEKLY REPORT
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WEEK – 5 (From Dt ................ to Dt… )
Detailed Report: We distributed the plants in the locality to develop the gardening in the area
Finally we are planted the trees to inspire all to plant trees in their locality and explained the need
of plantation in the society.
And after the process of implementing the project we are discussing about the conclusion of the
project
Finally we got the conclusion of the project by the implementation of the project and by the way of
process we got a best conclusion.
Like ‘ FLOWERS FOR A GREENER WORLD’ this is the slogan we decided to our project and
motivation for the society to plant more plants in their locality And implemented the slogan in our
project
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SIGNATURE
DAY-1 Group of project We are completed the project and
relaxed a break
WEEKLY REPORT
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Detailed Report:
Next we need to clarify the queries of the project for some people.
We cleared the all queries of the people at the locality and noted down for the future use of
project.
At the end of day we are discussing about how we done the project.
Presented By
B.Venkateswar Reddy (23HU5A0506)
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M.Govardhan Reddy(23HU5A0502)
Narendra (23HU5A0505)
I.Mahammad Irfhan(23HU5A0504)
M.Aravind(23HU5A0501)
Yuvaraju(22HU1A05B2)
Date of Evaluation:
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Please rate your performance in the following areas:
Evaluation of community/Habitation
Student Name: B.Venkateswar Reddy
Date of Evaluation:
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3. 1 is lowest and 5 is the hightest
1 Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2 Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3 Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
4 Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5
5 Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6 Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7 Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
8 Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5
9 Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11 Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
12 Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
13 Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5
14 Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5
15 Overall performance 1 2 3 4 5
INTERNALASSESSMENT STATEMENT
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2 Community service project 30
implementation
Date :
pg:5
CHAPTER-2
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WHY CROP
ROTATION….?
We selected the village
near college named Pedda
Tekur for this project
because
before some years this
village looks very good
means very greenly.
Everyone do
agriculture and agriculture
is not a job it is a
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responsibility. In epics also
there is a
statement that farmers are
the back bone of India ,
but now farmers are not
doing
agriculture because there
are not getting sufficient
money for there work. Now
we
motivate farmers by new
farming techniques like
Crop rotation and Inter
cropping.
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