1947
August 14-15: Partition of British India into two independent dominions, India and
Pakistan.
October 1947: First Indo-Pak War over Kashmir begins following the invasion of
Kashmir by Pakistani tribesmen.
1948
January 1: India takes the Kashmir issue to the United Nations.
January 1949: UN-mediated ceasefire; Line of Control (LoC) established, but no final
settlement.
1960
September 19: Indus Waters Treaty signed, brokered by the World Bank, to share water
resources.
Western rivers—the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab—to Pakistan.
eastern rivers—the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—to India.
1965 War
April: Rann of Kutch skirmishes.(dispute sorted by UN ceasefire before 1965 war)
August-September: Second Indo-Pak War over Kashmir.
Pak Operation Gibraltar (August 1965) in Kashmir
India responded by crossing the International Border (IB) and opening a new front in Punjab
September 23: UN-mandated ceasefire comes into effect.
1966
January 10: Tashkent Agreement signed by Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri
and Pakistani President Ayub Khan, brokered by Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin.
1971
March-December: Civil war in East Pakistan; India supports the Mukti Bahini.
December 3-16: Indo-Pak War leads to the creation of Bangladesh.
December 16: Pakistan surrenders, leading to the independence of Bangladesh.
Biggest surrender after wwII
General Amir Abdullah Niazi, the chief of Pakistan's Armed Forces surrendered along
with 93,000 soldiers before the Indian Army
1972
July 2: Simla Agreement signed by Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Pakistani
President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, laying the groundwork for bilateral talks.
India agreed to repatriate all Pakistani (POWs) captured during the 1971 war
1980s
1984: Siachen Conflict begins with India launched "Operation Meghdoot" to
preemptively occupy the Siachen Glacier region.
1987: Tensions escalate; both countries conduct military exercises close to the border.
1990s
1998: Both countries conduct nuclear tests (India in May 5 test, Pakistan in response 6
test).
February 1999: Lahore Declaration signed by Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari
Vajpayee and Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, aiming for better relations.
May-July 1999: Kargil War as Pakistani forces infiltrate Indian territory in Kashmir.
2000s
2001: Agra Summit between Indian Prime Minister Vajpayee and Pakistani President
Pervez Musharraf fails to produce a breakthrough.
2004: Composite Dialogue initiated to address all bilateral issues, including Kashmir.
2008: Mumbai terrorist attacks; India accuses Pakistan-based groups, leading to a
breakdown in talks.
2010s
2014: Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi invites Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz
Sharif to his swearing-in ceremony.
2015: Indian PM Modi makes a surprise visit to Lahore to meet Pakistani PM Nawaz
Sharif on Christmas Day.
2016: Pathankot airbase attack and Uri attack strain relations further.
2019: Pulwama attack by Jaish-e-Mohammed; Balakot airstrike by India in response;
aerial dogfights result in the capture and subsequent release of an Indian pilot by
Pakistan.
Revocation in 2019: On August 5, 2019, the Government of India, led by Prime Minister
Narendra Modi, revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir by abrogating Article
370 through a presidential order. Article 35A was also rendered ineffective.
2020s
2021: Ceasefire agreement on the LoC is reaffirmed.
Key Agreements and Visits
Indus Waters Treaty (1960): Managed water-sharing between the two countries.
Tashkent Agreement (1966): Ended the 1965 war.
Simla Agreement (1972): Established a framework for bilateral negotiations.
Lahore Declaration (1999): Aimed to reduce the risk of accidental nuclear conflict.
Pak & India Disputed areas:
Loc
Siachen Glacier
Sir Creek
Water dispute (indus water treaty)
Current Scenario (After modi 3rd time becoming PM)
PM Shehbaz congratulated Indian pm
Pakistan Foreign minister remarks on India relation (We seek good-
neighbourly relations with India on the basis of mutual respect, sovereign
equality, and a just and peaceful resolution of the long-standing Jammu and
Kashmir dispute).
Inida FM Response (India seeks normal neighbourly relations with Pakistan in
an environment free from terror, hostility and violence)
Reasi Bus Ambush (June 9, 2024): Militants ambushed a bus carrying Hindu pilgrims, Initially
claimed by The Resistance Front (TRF), an offshoot of Lashkar-e-Taiba.(india blame pak)
