INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

PROJECT REPORT FOR PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF GERBERA

SUBMITTED TO :

Prof. Bibudhar Parasar

Dept. of Extension Education

SUBMITTED BY :

Umakanta Jena(1841901263)

Master Parmit

Himansu Sekhar Rout (1841901273)

Amiya Ranjan Panda (1841901247)

Shuva Satyam Giri

Subham Singh(1841901267)
INTRODUCTION

The plant belongs to the daisy family and is named a famous German botaTraugott
Gerbera. Gerbera plant is considered to be a native of South America, Asia and Africa.
Sometimes this plant is also referred to african daisy. Gerbera flower is popular as a
decorative garden plant. The cultivars which are widely grown have been derived from
the cross of two different species of the plant genus i.e. Gerbera jamesonii and Gerbera
viridifolia. The resulting variety from the cross of these plants is known as Gerbera
Hybrida. Gerbera is believed to be the fifth most used cut flower having enormous
commercial importance.
GERBERA PROJECT REPORT FOR POLYHOUSE, GREENHOUSE CULTIVATION

PROFILE OF ENTREPRENEUR

SL.No. Name Qualification

1 Umakanta jena B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture
2 Master parmit B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture
3 Himansu s. Rout B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture
4 Subham singh B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture
5 Amiya Ranjan P B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture

anda
6 Shuva Satyam Giri B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture

FORM OF ORGANIZATION

Based on the patnership among the above said entrepreneurship.

LOCATION

 Patrapada
 It is a free hold land
 Location advantage- Location is suitable for marketing and also for import and export to
different states of the country.

LAND AND BUILDING

Total land area : 1000 sq. m.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Product Description :
The gerbera daisy is a favorite flower amongest the masses due to its striking apperance. These flowers
for bouquets but are also in flower beds. These daisies come in many vibrant colors including red,
orange, yellow, pink, white and cream.
Product Utility :
Among different cut flowers grown under protected cultivation, gerbera is important because of its
flower color, long vase-life and market demand. In tropical and subtropical climate, gerbera is grown in
greenhouse to produce quality flowers.

DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCTION PROCESS/ CULTIVATION PROCESS

Climate Required for Gerbera Flower Farming :-

Gerbera flowers can be grown in both tropical and subtropical climatic conditions. These flowers can be
cultivated in open fields under tropical climatic conditions. As these flowers are sensitive to frost
conditions, they are cultivated in greenhouse/shade net house under subtropical/temperate climatic
conditions. Optimal day temperatures of 200 C-250 C and nightly temperature of 120 C-150 C is ideal for
Gerbera cultivation.

Soil Requirement in Gerbera Flower Farming :-

The soil should be well drained, light, fertile/rich, slightly alkaline (or) neutral in nature. The pH
range of 5.5 to 6.5 is best suitable for Gerbera cultivation. As the roots of Gerbera plant penetrates deep
into soil (up to 60 cm), the soil should be porus and should have good internal drainage (up to 50 cm
deep) for optimal growth of roots.

Land Preparation in Gerbera Flower Farming :-

Bring the soil to a fine tilth by ploughing 3 times with tractor or country plough. Prepare the beds of 30
cm height, 1.0 meter to 1.5 meter width and leaving the space of 35 cm - 50 cm between beds. Add well
rotten Farm Yard Manure (F.M.Y), sand and paddy husk in 2:1:1 proportion to the prepared beds.

Soil Sterilization in Gerbera Flower Farming:-

To save the crop from soil borne diseases, soil disinfection must be carried out well before gerbera
cultivation. There are three main soil borne pathogens like Fusarium, Phytophthora and Pythium which
would destroy the entire crop if the soil disinfection is not done. The prepared soil beds should be
fumigated with Methyl Bromide (30 grams/square meter area) solution (or) 2% of formaldehyde (100
ml Formalin in 5 liter of water/square meter area) solution or Methyl Bromide (30 grams/square meter
area) solution. Cover the fumigated beds with a plastic sheet for a minimum period of 3 to 4 days. To
drain out the chemicals from the beds, watering should be done.

Planting Season in Gerbera Flower Farming:-

Gerbera plantation can be done in spring as well as summer season. Gerbera needs good light intensity,
planting in spring season (Jan to March) is best for 1.5 year tissue culture. Summer (June to July) is
Suitable for 1, 1.5 & 2 years tissue cultures. Planting in autumn and winter (November and December)
is not recommended due to low light intensity and high heating cost. Planting should be avoided in
late August or September as it has to sustain in winter season.

Propagation in Gerbera Flower Farming:-

Gerbera plants commercially propagated through suckers & tissue culture. Division and micro
propagation are the two propagation methods in gerbera cultivation.

Planting Method in Gerbera Flower Farming:-

Planting Method in Gerbera Farming: - Raising gerberas in bed improves air circulation (Aeration) &
drainage. Keep the crown of gerbera plants 1 to 2 cm above the soil level at the time of planting as the
root system establishes deep in soil and pulls down from the ground level.

Spacing in Gerbera Flower Farming:-

Spacing of 25-30 cm within the row & 30-40 cm between the rows should be maintained to
accommodate 7 to 10 plants/square meter. Manures and Fertilizers in Gerbera Flower Farming:- In
order to have better growth and excellent yield of Gerbera flowers, field/soil should be incorporated
with plenty of organic manure and other major, minor nutrients. Following is the manures and
fertilization schedule in Gerbera cultivation.

 Apply 8 to 9 kg of Farm Yard Manure (FYM)/square meter.

 Apply NPK in 1 2:1 5:20 grams/square meter during first three months after plantation.
 Apply NPK in 1 5:1 0:30 grams /square/month from fourth month when flowering starts, apply
in two split doses @ 2 weeks interval.
 Apply micro-nutrients: Spray calcium, boron, copper & magnesium @ 0.15 percent, which is
1.5 grams/liter of water once in 4 weeks gives excellent quality Gerbera flowers.

Irrigation in Gerbera Flower Farming:-

Immediate Irrigation is required after planting and continue to irrigate for a month to enable a good
root establishment. Thereafter, drip irrigation should be done once in 2 days @ 4 liter/drip/plant for 1
5 minutes. An average requirement of water is up to 700 ml/day/plant.

Weed Control in Gerbera Flower Farming:-

Weed control is an important operation in Gerbera cultivation and should be carried once in 2 weeks
for 3 first months of plantation. After 3 months, Subsequent weeding should be done @ 30 day
interval. Hand weeding should \be done whenever required.
 Pests and Diseases in Gerbera Flower Farming:-

Main pests found in Gerbera plantation are as follows:

 Aphids: To control this, spray Dimethoate 30 EC @ 2 ml/liter of water.
 Thrips : To control this, spray Dimethoate 30 EC @ 2 ml/liter of water.
 Whitefly: To control this, spray Dimethoate 30 EC @ 2 ml/liter of water.
 Red spider mite: To control this, spray Abamectin 1.9 EC @ 0.4 ml/liter of water.
 Nematode: To control this, apply Pseudomonasfluorescens @ 2.5 kg/hectare in soil at the time
of planting.

Main Diseases found in Gerbera plantation are as follows:

 Flower bud rot: To control this, spray copper oxychloride @ 2 grams/liter of water.
 Powdery mildew: To control this, spray Azoxystrobin @ lgram/liter of water.

Harvesting of Gerbera:-
Normally, Gerbera plants starts flowering in about 3 months after planting. Harvesting is done, when
flowers completely open or when outer 2 to 3 rows of disc florets are perpendicular to the stalk. To
improve the flower life, Flower stalk should be soaked in solution of Sodium hypochloritde (6 to 7
ml/liter of water) for about 5 hours. Post Harvesting Tasks in Gerbera Flower Farming:- The heel for the
stalk has to be cut about 2 to 3 cm above the base and keep in fresh chlorinated water. Flowers should
be sorted out and graded for uniformity and packed in carton boxes.

Yield of Gerbera:-
Any crop yield depends on the farm management practices and variety and soil type.
In Gerbera cultivation, following is the average yield in open and greenhouse cultivation.
 Under open field/shade net cultivation: 140 to 150 cut flowers/square meter/year can be
expected.
 Under Greenhouse cultivation: 225 to 250 cut flowers/square meter/year can be obtained.
CULTIVATION FLOW CHART FOR GERBERA IN GREENHOUSE/ POLYHOUSE

SITE SELECTION FOR

GREENHOUSE

LAYOUT FOR GREENHOUSE

 PLOUGHING FOR SOLANIZATION

BED PREPARATIUON

APPLICATION OF BASAL DOSE BEOFRE PLANTATION

MAKING HOLES ON THE BEDS

PLANTING

DIS BUDDING/ DE LEAFING/ RANKING

WEEDING

PEST MANAGEMENT

HARVESTING

FLOWER SELLING
RAW MATERIAL

Raw material availability

 Raw materials for gerbera means planting material. In india specially southern part more
numbers of cutting flwers are cultivated so planting materials are easily available in sufficient
quantity and also in low price.
 Mainly planting materials are export from states like Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

Important varieties
 General gerbera – red gem, classic beauty etc.
 Black centered gerbera – sunspot, faith etc.
 Export varieties – sonata, pink forest etc.

WATER AND POWER REQUIREMENT

 Water is essential in different growing stages of plant. Water is available at site via Govt.
supply which will be lifetd using pump and pipelines.
 Electricity is essential for various activities for drip irrigation, pump, light and office stationery
and aslo for maintaining of proper temprature of polyhouse.electricity connectivity is available
from the Govt. unit.

SOCIO ECONOMIC BENEFITS

Employment generation : for polyhouse cultivation a good opportunity for unemployed peoples as
it requires a good number of skilled and unskilled employes.
Import substitution :
Export substitution :

FUTURE PLAN
 After completion of payback period, we are planning to produce own planting materials in our
own land. It will not only provide more profit and easy availability of raw materials.
 We are also aim for cultivate more different cut flowers because in day to day life important of
cut flowers are increasing, and also for future market.
 Availability of morden machineries that’s help in cultivation in green house.

MARKET POTENTIAL
For gerbera cultivation maeket potential is high. But in this all grower gets same amount of profit but
it will different incase of production releated to area. Because it is not a industrial product.

GERBERA CULTIVATION ECONOMICS

A. NON- RECURRING COSTS/ FIXED COSTS

SL. NO. PARTICULARS PRICE IN RS

1 CONSTRUCTION 2,50,000
POLYHOSE
2 DRIP IRRIGATION & 1,45,000
FERTIGATION SYSTEM,
3 PLANTING MATER 2,58,000

4 WATER PUMP, SPRAYER 1,00,000

TOTAL 7,53,000

LOAN FROM BANK 5,00,000 WITH INTEREST @ 12% PER ANNUM

B. RECURRING COSTS/ WORKING CAPITAL

SL. NO. PARTICULARS PRICE IN RS

1 LABOUR COST 1,32,000
2 WATER REQUIREMENT 60,000

3 FERTILIZERS FOR THE 30,000

FARM
4 FYM 25,000

5 ELECTRICITY CHARGES 40,000

6 PLANT PROTECTION 30,000

7 MATERIAL FOR PACKING & 70,000

TRANSPORT
8 OTHER CHARGES 60,000

TOTAL 4,47,000
SALES OF FLOWER

 No. of plants per sq. m. – 4 plants (approximately 3960 plants in 1000 sqm.)
 Flower produced/ plant/ year – 40 Nos.
 Sale price of each gerbera flower – Rs. 6
 Income from polyhouse – 40 × 3960 × 6 = Rs. 9,50,400

C. WORKING CAPITAL FOR 5 YEARS

SL. NO. PARTICULARS YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5

1 FIXED 5,53,000 0 0 0 0
CAPITAL
2 LABOUR COST 1,32,000 1,32,000 1,32,800 1,33,000 1,34,000

3 WATER 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000

REQUIREMENT
4 FERTILIZERS 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,500 31,000
FOR THE FARM
5 FYM 25,000 - - - -

6 ELECTRICITY 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,500 40,500

CHARGES
7 PLANT 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 29,000
PROTECTION
8 MATERIAL FOR 70,000 70,000 70,000 71,000 71,0000
PACKING &
TRANSPORT
9 OTHER 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,500
CHARGES
TOTAL 12,00,000 4,22,000 4,22,000 4,25,000 4,26,000
D. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

SL.NO. PARTICULARS YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5

1 TOTAL SALE @ 9,50,400 9,50,400 9,50,650 9,51,150 9,51,400

Rs. 6/ flower
2 Interest on term 1,60,000 1,48,000 1,36,000 1,24,000 1,12,000
loan @ 12% with
installment
3 Net profit -4,09,600 3,80,400 3,92,650 4,02,150 4,13,400

E. BENEFIT COST RATIO

SL. NO. YEAR COST (IN GROSS DISCOUNTED PRESENT PRESENT

RS) RETURN FACTOR AT WORTH WORTH
(IN RS) 12% OF COST OF GROSS
(IN RS) RETURN
(IN RS)
1 YEAR 1 13,00,000 9,50,400 0.892 11,59,600 8,47,756.8

2 YEAR 2 4,22,000 9,50,400 0.797 6,31,224 7,57,468.8

3 YEAR 3 4,22,000 9,50,650 0.711 3,00,042 6,75,912.15

4 YEAR 4 4,25,000 9,51,150 0.635 2,69,875 6,03,980.25

5 YEAR 5 4,26,000 9,51,400 0.567 2,41,542 5,39,443.8

26,02,265 34,24,561.8
Discounted factor = 1/(1 + r)^n
Where, r = interest rate
N = no of years
B.C.R = present worth of gross return / present worth of costs
= 34,24,561.8/ 26,02,265
= 1.31

F. Estimation of IRR for Gerbera

YEAR COSTS GROSS NET DISCOUNT NET DISCOUNT NET

(IN RS) INCOME INCOME FACTOR(75 PRESENT FACTOR(80 PRESENT
(IN RS) (IN RS) %) WORTH (IN %) WORTH
RS) (IN RS)
YEAR 1 13,60,000 9,50,400 -4,09,600 0.571 -2,33,881 0.5555 -2,27,532.8
YEAR 2 5,70,000 9,50,400 3,80,400 0.326 1,24,010.4 0.3086 1,17,391.44
YEAR 3 5,58,000 9,50,650 3,92,650 0.186 73,032.9 0.171 67,143.15
YEAR 4 5,49,000 9,51,150 4,02,150 0.1066 42,869.19 0.0952 38,284.68
YEAR 5 5,38,000 9,51,400 4,13,400 0.0609 25,176.06 0.0529 21,868.56
11,79,000 31,207.55 -17,304.97

IRR = 75 + 5 {31,207.55 / (31,207.55 + 17,304.97)}

= 28.48%

NPV(DISCOUNT FACTOR @ 75%) = 32,166.35