ST. GABRIEL THE ARCHANGEL HIGH SCHOOL, INC.

San Gabriel, La Union

“A Seed by Love for All, Dedication to the Community and Commitment to the Child’’
SCHOOL ID: 400121 SCHOOL ESC ID:010007

Name: QUARTER 1 ARTS 7

Section:

LESSON 1: Arts and Crafts of Luzon (Highlands and Lowlands)

Highlands’ Cultural Communities

Art is part of the life of the indigenous people of the Philippines. This is shown in the things
that they use every day which are rich in traditional colors and patterns. These art forms reflect their
tribal background.

Why are the different indigenous people in the Philippines excellent in arts and craft?

When our forefathers, first set foot on our country,

they made use of the available materials for their
needs. They used hardwood and timbers for posts.
They also used coconut fronds (leaves) as roofs and
walls for their huts. For their floors, they flattened
bamboo slices. The things they used at home are also
made of native materials. They used bamboo tubes
for cooking
utensils and
rattan or nito for baskets. Later on, they used more durable
materials and added some refinements on their crafts. They
improved their craftmanship either from their own
traditional ways or from borrowing techniques used by other
tribes.

What are the elements and principles of art that are dominant in the art of some Luzon
highland’s cultural communities?

CAGAYAN VALLEY
Cagayan valley is the Northeastern part of Luzon. It is irrigated with the waters from Cagayan River-
the longest river in the country and is composed of the provinces of Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva
Viscaya, and Quirino.

BATANES

• The Ivatans are the people living in the Batanes

Group of Islands.
• Their houses have unique architectural forms made up
of limestone’s walls, reed, and cogon roofs. The design
and materials are chosen because they are strong enough to
withstand the numerous typhoons and earthquakes that hit
the group of islands because of its geographic location.

CHRISTINA A. MARZO-SUBJECT TEACHER-0977770522 Page 1 |

10
CHRISTINA A. MARZO-SUBJECT TEACHER-0977770522 Page 2 |
10
 • Vakul is a head gear used by the Ivatan women to
protect them from the heat of the sun and the rains.
• The men, on the other hand, wear soot, a rain cape made
from fronds that covers the upper part of the body down from
the neck. This special clothing is made up of woven fibers of
the vuyavuy palm- a plant similar to coconut.

ISABELA

• Isabela is one of the largest provinces in the Philippines

located in Cagayan Valley region. It is to a number of
historical sites.
• Tumauini Church is a Roman Catholic Parish
Church of San Matias Apostol. This Baroque Church
was built in 1873 and can be found in the municipality of
Tumauini, Isabela. It is made from red bricks ornamented
with carvings of flowers, leaves, scallops, saints, religious
symbols, and other fanciful motifs. The unique cylindrical
belfry of the church looks like a huge wedding cake because
of its design motifs like laces, hearts and beads.

• Nueva Vizcaya is located near, Ifugao, Benguet, and

Quirino. The Gaddangs of Nueva Viscaya are known for
their crafts and textiles.

• One of the clothes they make is the bakwat, a belt

used by mothers after giving birth. This cloth is usually
adorned on the central portion with white beads as
accents embellished in patterns that represent rivers and
mountains.

 Ifugao hut and Banaue Rice Terraces

What are the Ifugaos’ famous artworks?

The Ifugaos who live on the mountainous part of the central Cordillera in Northern Luzon are
excellent weavers, potterers, and skillful craftsmen. They make use of the buri, bamboo, nito,
and rattan which are abundant in their surroundings. They are also well- known in carving the
mountain slopes of the world-famous Banaue Rice Terreces.

CHRISTINA A. MARZO-SUBJECT TEACHER-0977770522 Page 3 |

10
 The Ifugaos are also famous for woodcarving, textile weaving, and basket weaving.

1. The Ifugao Woodcarvings

The Ifugaos are famous for their mastery of wood carving.
An example is the carving of their deity, bul- ul. This bul-ul
is important to them because of their belief that they can
have an abundant harvest when this carving is placed
near rice graneries.
Another important woodcarving is the hagabi. This is a piece of
wood which is unique because it is carved to become a bench. This hagabi
is a sign of riches; thus, many wealthy Ifugaos own this kind of
woodcarving.

2. Textile weaving of the Ifugaos

Ifugaos weave blankets, upper garments, G-
strings, hand bags, belts and a lot more. It has
been part of their tradition to weave for their
family’s clothing needs. At present, weaving has
become a good source of income to many Ifugaos.

FOR YOUR INFORMATION:

Only women and girls do the actual weaving. The men make the weaving instruments.

3. The Ifugaos’ basket weaving

The Ifugaos produce baskets to serve the needs of the family.
They use baskets for storing grains and cooked food. They
also use baskets for keeping household utensils, clothes, and
personal belongings. Baskets are also used for catching pests
and domesticating animals, and for rituals and religious
ceremonies.
The most popular material in basket weaving is
rattan. In Kiangan and Lagawe villages, the split- rattan
tradition is commonly used for household baskets such as
the labba or farm bowl, ligao or
winnowing tray, and plaited storage jars.

Did You Know:

Visiting museums and art galleries help you to understand the culture and history of your
community and country? Thus, in a way, this helps you understand yourself better, as one who
belongs to a certain community.

Why is weaving popular among tribal people?

Native Filipinos weaved using fibers from abaca, pineapple, cotton, and bark cloth to produce
cloth, rugs, baskets, and hats. Part of family’s wealth was based on the textiles the family owned and
these were given as dowry gift at weddings and as offering to the Gods.

CHRISTINA A. MARZO-SUBJECT TEACHER-0977770522 Page 4 |

10
 Many tribal people wear woven hats for protection against the
strong heat of the sun. The farmers from the Bontoc region wear the
traditional straw hats called salakot.

Lowlands Cultural Communities What

kinds of folk arts are in the Ilocos Region?

Ilocos Norte is also well known for various cottage

industries like furniture making, cloth weaving, pottery-making, woodcarving, and blacksmithing.
Likewise, the burnay industry (pottery-making industry) in
Vigan is also a popular cottage industry. It is believed that the
natives already practice pottery making even before the Spanish
colonizers arrived in the Philippines.
Nowadays, the burnay is used in the fermentation of a fish sauce or
bagoong, vinegar, and basi, the Ilocano wine from sugarcane juice.

What are other well-known places in Luzon for arts and crafts?
The town of Paete in Laguna is well known as the
center of woodcarving in the Philippines. Many residents of
Paete are woodcarvers. It is believed that the name Paete
comes from the word paet, which means chisel. Many of
the woodcarvers in Paete carved religious figures and
images, obviously an influence of the Spanish colonizers on
the Philippine culture.
Paete is also well known in manufacturing wood and
papier mache products.

Did You Know:

The town of Angono in the province of Rizal is known as “Arts Capital of the Philippines”.? All
over the town, sculptures and 3D crafts abound. Angono is also noted for the highest that are
made of papier mache.

What is mat-weaving?
Mat weaving is a centuries-old folk-art practice of our forefathers. Mats can be classified
based on the ethnic group. The abundant availability of buri in their surrounding could be the
reason for the popularity of sleeping mats in
our country. Many of these mats are made from buri, which
are considered stronger and cooler. Mats are highly decorated
with colored straws in various designs.
Mats are also popular in the baling of tobacco and
abaca, which are the major products in the northern part of
the Luzon. Many of these mats are made in Batac, Ilocos Norte.
In Cagayan Valley, mats of dried banana petioles are used.

CHRISTINA A. MARZO-SUBJECT TEACHER-0977770522 Page 5 |

10
 What is basket-making?
Basket-making is another main craft of many Filipinos.
Baskets are used for storage of food and for hunting. Sometimes, these
baskets are used to transport grain and to catch and store fish. In tribal
regions, basket-making is a man’s task. Natural fibers like rattan are
used as materials.

Why do native Filipinos create pots?

Before the Spaniards came, native Filipinos created ceramic
jars to hold their dead relatives and love ones. Our native ancestors
also made pottery for water vessels, plates, cups, and for many other
uses.

What do the cultural groups in Luzon use in coloring their artworks?

Various cultural groups like the Ifugaos, Ivatans, and those from Southern Tagalog use
natural materials like piments drawn from rocks, fruit seeds, seashells, limes, and other natural
tinctures in coloring their artworks. They utilize what are available in their natural surroundings.

What is the barong Tagalog?

Another work of art that Filipinos could be proud of is the
barong Tagalog, which is woven by the Southern Tagalogs. It is very
lightweight and worn untucked (similar to a coat/dress shirt), over an
under shirt. Today, the barong Tagalog is still a popular formal attire
not just by men but also by women.
The formal barong is made by means of various fabrics.
a) Piña fabric
is hand-loomed from pineapple leaf fibers. Because piñ a weavers in the
Philippines are dwindling, its scarcity makes the delicates piñ a cloth
expensive and is thus used for every formal events.
b) Jusi fabric
is mechanically woven and was once made from abaca or
c) Banana fabric banana slik.
is another sheer fabric used in formal occasions. Made and hand woven from
banana fiber, it usually comes with geometric design details. This fabric hails from
the Visayan Island of Negros.

Did You Know:

The barong was popularized as a formal wear by no
less than the famous Philippine President, Ramon
Magsaysay? He wore it during his inauguration as
President of the Philippines.

CHRISTINA A. MARZO-SUBJECT TEACHER-0977770522 Page 6 |

10
 Art Awareness
What are Lines?
In art, a line represents many things such as an actual line, a person, or a building.
A line can be thick or thin; straight, wavy, curved, or angular; continuous or broken; dotted,
dashed, or a combination of any of these. Artist use lines to define and enclose spaces.

What are the types of lines and what ideas are suggested by each of them?

1. Static lines- they suggest firmness and straightforwardness.

Vertical lines- these lines Horizontal lines- these lines

convey uprightness, dignity, suggest calmness, peace, and
and assurance sobriety

Dynamic Lines- these signify Jagged Lines- these lines give

movements, cheerfulness, the impression of chaos and
and continuity disorder.

2. Shape and Form – These shapes can take on various forms like squares, rectangles, triangles, circles,
oblongs, and figures like animals, plants, humans, and mountains, among others.

Punamhan, a sacrificial hand-

covered wooden box of the Unknown Author is
Ifugao Tribe Traditional wear of tribes
from Northern Philippines

3. Value or Tone – refers to the use of light and dark shades in a piece of art.
4. Color – is produces when artists decide to use various pigments and dyes to create different hues in their
work.

What are the three basic terms to describe colors?

a. Hue – it is the basic name of color. Example. RED.

b. Value - it indicates how light or dark color is. Example, Red color is mixed with with, produces a tint,
which is Pink,
c. Intensity – it is the brightness or dullness of a color.

5. Texture – is the appearance of roughness or smoothness in visual arts. The actual surface feel of a work of
art or craft.

6. Space – refer to the physical space among objects and the area that separates them.

Reviewing the Principles of Design in Art

The “principles of design” are used by artists to create motif or elements of art.

1. Rhythm and Movement

Rhythm – in art it refers to the repetition of a motif or elements of art.
Movement – using different techniques, artists can convey the illusion of movement using curve lines

2. Balance refers to the idea of maintaining consistency and equality of art elements in various areas of work.
CHRISTINA A. MARZO-SUBJECT TEACHER-0977770522 Page 7 |
10
 Balance could be in the form of:

a. Symmetrical balance b. Asymmetrical balance c. Radial symmetry

- when the same shapes, - When different shapes, - When various art
colors, and other art colors, and other elements branch off from
elements are evenly elements are distributed a central point.
distributed on either the on either the vertical of
vertical or horizontal horizontal midpoint of
midpoint of a piece. peace.

Two bul-ul embracing a bowl

Bul-ul Rice God Statue WoodenDisc(lidi)

3. Emphasis and Harmony

There is emphasis When the art

when an elements like
extraordinary or a colors, shapes, and
different line, color, lines complement,
or shape is placed the create
in the midst of a harmony. This Photo by Unknown
regular pattern. Author is licensed
15th century bul-ul under CC BY-NC Native
with a pamahan
Fabric and banig
characterized by
geometric patterns and
vibid hues

4. Unit, Variety, and Proportion

Unity refers to the sense Variety is a primciple of Proportion refers to the

of oneses, wholeness, or design that emphasizes relationship of certain art
order in a work of art. beauty when there is elements to the other art
Combining similar colors, diversity or that elements.
shapes, lines, textures, presence of contrasting Quezon Memorial Circle
and pattern in an art elements.
artwork can create unity
and harmony

Native Northern Luzon Colored Beads on Display

Handicrafts on Display

CHRISTINA A. MARZO-SUBJECT TEACHER-0977770522 Page 8 |

10
 PERFROMANCE TASK: UNIQUE NATIVE JAR

Materials: Pencil, marker, Ruler, Sign pen, Oil Pastel, beads/shells and 1/8 illustration board.

Procedures:
1. On your 1/8 illustration board, draw a shape of a traditional old jar. You may draw your own inspiration
from the sample drawing.
2. Be innovative. Come up with your own decorative designs of various shapes in your jar
3. Color your drawing by using the oil pastels of your choice and;
4. Design your jar using the beads/shells.
5. Use the FORMAT below.

My Unique Native Jar

Margin 0 .5
inch

NAME: MARZO, CHRISTINA A. DATE OF SUBMISSION:

1 inch
GRADE & SECTION: 7-FAITH SCORE:

6. In a one whole sheet of paper, answer the following questions:

a. What is the idea or message that you would like to convey through your choice of colors?
b. Do you find your drawing an effective guide in making jar?

Date of Submission: September 29, 2023

ART PROJECT GRADING RUBRIC

Criteria 20 points 15 points 10 points 5 points
Following Excellent followed the You followed most of the You followed some You followed but make
Project directions directions. directions. the directions unclear.
Directions
Colors Colors are very attractive. Colors are attractive. Colors are quite Colors are somewhat
The combination of The combination of attractive. The attractive. The
complementary colors is complementary colors is combination of combination of
very creative and very good. complementary color complementary colors
excellent. is good. are average.
Creativity Work exceptionally unique Work generally unique Work occasionally Work inconsistently.
and interesting. Beyond and did very well. unique. Shows some Shows little creativity.
expectation Shows a good creativity.
deal of creativity.
Neatness Exceptionally neat in Neat in design and Neat in layout but Acceptably but need of
design and layout layout. may be messy in cleanliness.
design.
Overall Project is engagingly Project is somewhat Project is organized Project is disorganized
Effectiveness organized and presents organized and presents but incomplete and incomplete
and Completion the material. the material. materials. materials.

CHRISTINA A. MARZO-SUBJECT TEACHER-0977770522 Page 9 |

10
CHRISTINA A. MARZO-SUBJECT TEACHER-0977770522 Page 10 |
10