Music- It is the art of combining sounds of varying pitch to produce a coherent composition that

is melodious, harmonious, intelligible, and expressive of ideas and emotions.

Sound- It begins with vibration of an object that is pounded or a string that is plucked.

Dance- It is a form of art using rhythmic bodily movements expressing ideas and emotions and
accompanied by music. As an art form, it may tell a story, set a mood, or express an emotion. It is
a form of exercise; a number of people who want to be physically fit turn to dancing. It is also a
form of socialization where people socialize, meet new friends and form new associations.

Dancer- It is the most important element of dance. Since he is the performer, there won’t be a
dance without him/her. He executes the steps, follows the instructions of the choreographer, wears
the costumes, and carries the props.

Melody- It is the series of consecutive tones that vary in pitch and duration but form a line of
individual significance and expressive value.

Kappa Malong-malong - the malong is a tubular garment, and the dance essentially shows the
many ways it can be worn. There are men’s and women’s versions of the dance since they wear
malongs in different ways.

Set Design - It is the setting or the background that indicates the place of action for the dancers.

Vocal Music- It is produced by the voices of the singers in which the singing is done without
accompaniment of musical instruments.

Orchestra- It is the most spectacular of the ensembles because of its large size, usually performing
under direction of a conductor, the musicians playing several instruments.

Folk Music- It is the traditional and spontaneous music of people, race, nation or region. It is
passed down orally from one generation to another and generally not a composer’s work.

Volume- It is the loudness or softness of a sound that may ranges from very soft (pianissimo) and
soft (piano) to very loud (fortissimo) and loud (forte).

Drama- It is a composition in prose or in verse; adapted to be acted and is represented with

accompanying gesture, costume, and scenery, as in real life. It is essentially social and involves
contact, communication and the negotiation of meaning.

Carinosa- It is a dance made for flirting! Dancers make a number of flirtatious movements as they
hide behind fans or handkerchiefs and peek out at one another. The essence of the dance is the
courtship between two sweethearts.
Comedy- It is a drama in which the hero succeeds in fulfilling his goal or goals. Sometimes, it is
comic all throughout as comedy of manners or a slapstick comedy such that the viewers laugh and
laugh as they watch the performance.

Director- He/She is the overall in charge of the dramatic performance. He instructs the actors and
all the people involved in the production from the production assistants to the cameraman, props
men, designers, writers, editors, cinematographers and so on. He is always present from the pre-
production stage to the post-production of life play.

Band- It is an instrumental ensemble having the size of an orchestra but consisting mainly or
exclusively of wind and percussion instruments. Nowadays, it is used to be a small group of
performers, consisting of a soloist, drummer, guitarist/s, and keyboardist, or a small group of
singers.

Alternative Music- It was a phrase invented in early 80s describing bands which broke from the
barrage of pop and hair metal and formed a new direction of more focused and honest rock.

Farce- It is a drama written by an author whose intention is to poke fun at the hero, his subject.
The hero, oftentimes symbolizing a public official or person of authority. The dramatic tone is
satirical.

Melodrama- It is a drama that focuses not on the protagonist, but on the action or the situation. It
is characterized by sensational actions, extravagant emotions, and a happy ending.

Duplo- It is a poetic debate presented through song and dance, which originated from indigenous
courtship customs. Poets used proverbs and riddles to present their suit to the woman of their
choice. This ultimately evolved into a more formal debate on issues, and started to be called the
balagtasan.

Kundiman- It is a genre of traditional Filipino love songs. The melody is characterized by a

smooth, flowing and gentle rhythm with dramatic intervals. It was the traditional means of
serenade in the Philippines.

Costume Designer- He creates the clothes to be worn by the actors and actresses. Akin to a fashion
designer who comes up with fashionable clothes appealing to his target market, he sees to it the
costumes suit the characters to be portrayed by the performers.

Moro-moro- It is a street drama that usually lasted for several days, and presented both secular
themes like love and vengeance, and the Spanish-influenced religious theme of the conflict
between Christians and Moors.

Subject- It is the message of the dance. It tells what the dance is about.
Senakulo- This is the dramatization of the life and death of Jesus Christ and is usually presented
as a community activity during the Lenten season. This still endures to the present, ranging from
simple productions to more technically sophisticated and modernized versions.

Pandanggo Oasiwas- It is similar to the Pandanggo sa Ilaw, and is typically performed by

fishermen to celebrate a good catch. In this version, the lamps are placed in cloths or nets and
swung around as the dancers circle and sway.

Form- It is the overall organization of the composition which is associated with shape, structure
and coherence.

Meanwhile, the Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino hands out the Gawad Urian Awards, which is
well known due to its credible choices of winners.

Instrumental Music- It is a music produced by musical instruments and it is exemplified by a n

orchestra performing without a soloist of group of singers.

Rondalla- It is a band usually composed of stringed instruments. It is the best-known instrumental

group in the Philippines today.

Folk dance - Those are performed by the members of a tribe or ethnic group to conduct their day-
to-day activities. Examples are Mangyan dance, Muslim dance and so on.

Tinikling- The dance’s movements imitate the movement of the tikling bird as it walks around
through tall grass and between tree branches. People perform the dance using bamboo poles. The
dance is composed of three basic steps which include singles, doubles and hops.

Cinematographer - He is the person who takes charge of the photography. He looks for the
location that fits the story and, with the aid of the cameramen, shoots the scenes forming part of
the drama.

Special Ensemble - The Pangkat Kawayan or Bandang Kawayan whose members play
instruments made of bamboo.

Homophonic - A soloist performing a melody.

Dalagang Bukid - It is a movie based on a popular musical play, was the first movie made and
shown in the Philippines.

Subject - He/ she is the dance director. He does the overall design of the dance, assigns the steps
to be executed by the dancer/s, selects the costumes and props that go the dance, and determines
the set designed for the dance.

Jose Nepomuceno - He is the father of Philippine Cinema.

Blues - It means sad, depressed, or upset about something. It’s only natural that blues music evokes
these types of sensations, but this harmonic genre is also emotional in a myriad of other ways.

The Film Academy of the Philippines established its own national film archive in October 2011,
Furthermore, their annually held Luna Awards honor the outstanding Filipino films as voted by
their own peers.