Test 2

READING AND USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 15 minutes)

Part 1

For questions 1L8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
There is an example at the beginning (0) .

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Example:

0 A ways B methods C manners D types

0 A B c D

Tea bags

Over the centuries, tea has been made in many different (0) ......... across the world. In the USA,
until a little over a hundred years ago, dried tea was always sold and consumed as loose leaves.
To make a drink, boiling water was poured over the tea leaves and (1) .. ...... . to stand while the
water (2) .. ... .... the flavour of the leaves.

In 1908, Thomas Sullivan , a New York tea salesman, had the (3) ......... idea of putting tea leaves
in small silk bags to (4) .. ....... as samples to potential customers. Sul livan (5) ... ...... the tea to be
removed from the bags before making a drink in the conventional manner. However, for the sake
of (6) ... ... ... , his customers (7) ........ . up with the revolutionary practice of dipping the silk bag,
contents and all, into boiling water. Cheap paper bags were introduced in the 1930s, completing
the design of the modern tea bag. Today billions of (8) ..... ... . paper bags of tea are sold annually
worldwide.
 Reading and Use of English

A set B kept c left D saved

2 A immersed B soaked c filled D absorbed

3 A sharp B bright c light D keen

4 A put in B give up c hand out D make over

5 A intended B determined c designed D established

6 A satisfaction B benefit c conven ience D opportunity

7 A thought B came c started D made

8 A distinct B particular c specific D individual

Test 2

Part 2

For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only
one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Write your an~wers IN CAPITAL LETIERS on the separate answer sheet.

Example: 0 IA I R I E I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Kangaroos

Kangaroos (0) ......... found in the wild only in Australia and its surrounding islands. There
are several species of kangaroo but the best known are the large red , grey and antilopine
kangaroos. They all have large feet and extremely strong back legs as (9) .. ....... as a long tail ,
and can grow up to 1.6 metres tall. They tend to jump rather (10) ......... walk because their large

feet make walking difficult.

The one fact that almost (11) ......... knows about kangaroos is that young kangaroos, joeys, live
in a kind of pocket at the front of their mother's body. Although they may come (12) ......... of the
pocket to play or explore, the pocket is (13) ......... they live for many months after their birth.

Kangaroos feed on grasses, leaves, flowers and moss. They live in groups known (14) .........
mobs and protect one (15) ......... from danger. They present (16) .... .... . serious threat to human
beings because they rarely attack people, and only if provoked .
 R eading and Use of English

Part 3

For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the
lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Write your answers I~ CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Bicycle racing

There is a wide (0) ... .... .. of different types of bicycle racing. A race VARY

may be an event held indoors over a relatively short distance, or

alternatively it can be outdoors and much longer, involving hundreds
of kilometres over a number of days. As the (17) .. . .. . .. . of bicycle POPULAR

racing has grown worldwide, attention has focussed increasingly

on the {18) ... ...... study of the sport and its many physical and SCIENCE

psychological {19) .. ... .. ... There seems to be agreement among REQUIRE

sports experts that competitive cycling , more than almost any other
sport, places (20) ......... demands on the whole human body. EXCEPT

Successful participants in many sports can be a bit (21) ......... or FIT

slightly overweight but nevertheless have sufficient (22) .. ... .. .. to ABLE

compensate for that. That is not true for serious cyclists who aim to

do well in competitions. They must show extraordinary dedication

to the sport. Many seem to have an (23) . .. . .. . .. with it and an OBSESS

(24) .... .... . of the hours and hours of practice necessary to achieve ACCEPT

success.
Test 2

Part 4

For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and
five words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).
..
Example:

0 A very friendly taxi driver drove us into town.

DRIVEN

We .. .. ..... .. ... .................. ................. ... ...... a very friend ly taxi driver.

The gap can be filled by the words 'were driven into town by', so you write:

Example: I 0 I WERE DRIVEN INTO TOWN BY

Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

25 John had never been in that part of the country before.

FIRST

It .. .......... ........................... .... ...... .. ...... that John had ever been in that part of the country.

26 I wish I could play the guitar, but I can't.

ABLE

I would .. ... .................. .. ........ ........ ........... ... ..... play the guitar, but I can 't.

27 The public swimming pool didn't use to be so crowded .

THAN

The public swimming pool is .. ... ...... ............................................. .... to be.

 Reading and Use of English

28 Nobody knows for certain the depth of the water in the middle of the lake.

DEEP

Nobody knows for certain ................................. ......... ............. ..... in the middle of the lake.

29 Although the room became quite noisy, the singer continued singing.

EVEN

The singer carried .. ......... ..................... ................... .... ..... the room became quite noisy.

30 I have never seen an elephant as large as the one in the film.

SUCH

I haven't .... ..................... ....... .. .. ............... .. ...... elephant as the one in the film.
 Test 2

Part 5

You are going to read an article about a man who makes guitars. For questions 31-36, choose the
answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
~

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

The guitar maker

Jonny Kinkead, one of the best known makers of hand-crafted acoustic guitars in the UK,
talks about his career.
As a boy, when Jonny Kinkead wasn't making sculpting sound.' In addition he explains, 'I
things using the tools in his dad's garage, thought this might be more reliable than being
he was messing about with a guitar. And the an artist as it's craft-based.'
two preoccupations have been his living for Ever since then, Jonny has made guitars for a
the past four decades: building steel-string, living. For the first ten years, he supplemented
acoustic guitars by hand. 'The guitar still holds his income by cleaning windows part-time.
me in thrall ,' he says. 'Making a sound out of The first guitars he sold only went for the
planks of wood - it's amazing what you can do. cost of the materials, but as he developed a
By using different combinations of timber, for reputation as one of the best guitar-makers
example, you get a different sound , and that around, he was able to charge a little more.
is what musicians are interested in - a sound But even now, almost forty years later, Jonny
that can do what they want it to do.' describes what he does as 'still scratching
Jonny learned to play his brother's guitar a living'. He admits he can never actually
when he was eleven. Then, when he was turn out more than ten guitars a year, which
sixteen, he wanted to learn the bass guitar. inevitably restricts his earnings.
'Some people would have got a holiday job In the early years, the key thing was to make
and saved up and bought one,' he says. 'But I the effort to get himself known. He would go to
was of a mindset that if you wanted something, music festivals most weekends if he could and
you made it.' get musicians to try out his guitars and talk
Although the bass was the first instrument about him to their friends. He also had to learn
Jonny built from scratch, he and his brothers how to price his instruments - when it came
had long been doing essentially the same up in conversations with musicians, he hadn't
thing with other items. 'I made model boats got an answer because focusing on such things
and aeroplanes as a child, so I was familiar didn't come naturally to him.
line 25 with that process. My father had taught me Jonny believes developing a career is more
and my brothers how to use tools , and we had straightforward for today's new guitar-makers
free rein in the garage.' Jonny had also been in the UK. 'When I started it was hard because
customising and repairing instruments for his people thought that the guitars I was making
mates . were only made in America and that people in
Jonny's bass guitar turned out well, but the the UK didn't know how to make them. Now
idea of a career building guitars had yet to there is a culture of hand-making guitars that
cross his mind. 'My ambition in those days was has grown up over the past 40 years in the UK.
to be a sculptor,' he says. His interests evolved It is easier now for them,' he says. You may
further and on finishing school, he chose be able to learn valuable techniques in the
to study architecture at university. Halfway classroom, Jonny concludes, but there is no
through the course, however, he dropped out, substitute for trial and error, 'Make 100 guitars
but he left with a clearer idea of what he and you learn a lot.'
wanted to do and started to think seriously
about guitar making. 'I was still interested
in painting and sculpture but I realised that
when you are building guitars you're actually
 R eading and Use of English

31 Why did Jonny choose to make a bass guitar for himself when he was a teenager?

A He regarded it as the natural thing to do.

8 He saw it as good practice for making other guitars.
C He feared that he would never be able to buy one.
D He thought, he could ensure it was in the style he wanted.

32 What does 'that process' in line 25 refer to?

A creating something from nothing

8 working with his brothers
C doing things for friends
D getting tools ready

33 What does Jonny say about the architecture course he attended?

A It gave him the opportunity to explore different types of art.

8 It provided him with ideas for guitar design.
C It enabled him to decide on a career path.
D It helped him become more independent.

34 What does Jonny suggest is the main reason for his low income?

A the cost of the materials he makes guitars with

8 the small number of guitars that he produces
C the limited demand for hand-made guitars
D the competition between guitar-makers

35 What does Jonny say he found hard in his early years as a guitar-maker?

A deciding how much to charge for his guitars

8 working out how to advertise his services
C building up relationsh ips with musicians
D finding the time to visit music festivals

36 What does Jonny th ink has changed for guitar-makers in the UK?

A The train ing they receive is of a higher standard.

8 A wider range of tools and equipment is available.
C Attitudes towards what makes a good guitar have moved on.
D Work methods have been introduced from America.
Test 2

Part 6

You are going to read a newspaper article about the filming of a television documentary about
icebergs. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the
one which fits each gap (37-42). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
,,
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Icebergs
There's more to icebergs than meets the eye - as I discovered filming on one of these
gigantic Arctic fortresses as it slowly melted.

Imagine a solid sheet of frozen water 3 km across Curious polar bears peered back. We had thought
and 100 m thick. Imagine it floating quietly in dark we would be lucky to see one or two, but the iceberg
ocean waters , somewhere between Canada and turned out to have a healthy population of these
Greenland. Imagine the near-silent desolation of I
huge carnivores. 40 I I
They must wait for
the inhospitable Arctic environment around it, the sea ice to come back so that they can hunt. So
getting harsher as winter approaches. 37I I I they were snoozing away, not at all bothered that
Imagine this forbidding, serene, massive place. But their chosen holiday home was moving, tilting,
it really exists. This iceberg right now is floating in melting, breaking up and giving a TV production
peace as we all go about our busy, bustling lives. team and some scientists severe logistical
headaches.
Back in the summer, things were different. This
iceberg was a dynamic battleground, floodlit by That's how I remember the iceberg, and that's the
24-hour daylight. Once an iceberg is released from its side of it you'll see if you watch the programmes.
I
parent glacier, its time is very limited. 38 I I But since then things have changed. We left a GPS
Then mini-bergs break off the weakened front. Some tracker as a passenger, so we know that the iceberg
of these events we witnessed were sudden, loud and has travelled 60 miles, and is now about 30 miles
violent. We had come to spectate on this oceanic south of where it was in August. Only 65% of it is
siege, and to learn its rules. left. The iceberg only gets 7 hours and 40 minutes
of daylight now, and soon the darkness will swallow
The ice edge towered over us, vertical, angular it up completely. 41
J I IWinter is beginning,
and utterly spectacular. We steamed around the and with it returns a period of stability.
berg until we found lower cliffs, and suddenly the
icescape behind was revealed. Gentle mounds are Sea ice is advancing towards the berg from the north.
separated by valleys. 39 I I I
An iceberg This is the other type of ice at the poles, formed
makes its own fog, so we could only see a little way when the sea surface itself freezes. In an average
into the centre, peering hopefully over the top of year, the sea ice would already have reached our
the cliffs. iceberg. But this year, there was less summer sea
ice in the Arctic than any other year on record, so it
is taking longer for the great freeze to reach it. The
sea ice is still crawling south. 42 I I I Then
the iceberg will be frozen in place. Darkness and
silence will rule. The bears will be able to walk out
on to the sea ice and hunt again.
 Reading and Use of English

A These lead down to waterfalls of meltwater E The only sound comes from water lapping
cascading into the ocean. against the ice, and a lone seal swimming
nearby.
B But it will lose the battle in the end and the
last piece of solid ice will melt. F The Arctic summer can, however, be a very
)-
hard time for them.
c When it touches the cliffs that I saw, it will
connect our iceberg to all the other ice in G The supply of energy from the sun is so
the Arctic. weak, the battle is over for this year.
D The ice fights a losing battle along its
edges, as warm ocean water eats into it.
Test 2

Part 7

You are going to read an article about a new exercise craze called Zuu and its inventor Nathan
Helberg. For questions 43-52, choose from sections (A- E). The sections may be chosen more
than once.

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

In which section does the writer

comment on how little rest she seems to be given after one exercise? 43

become aware of the limitations of her usual fitness routine? 44

say she hopes that the next exercise is not so demanding? 45

mention a deal she did with Nathan that benefited them both? 46

imply that a conventional keep-fit method is less natural than Zuu? 47

compare the movements of Zuu with those of earlier humans? 48

explain that she has chosen just one of the exercises to perform regularly? 49

say how slow and awkward she feels doing a particular exercise? 50

give examples of situations where lack of activity affects people's bodies? 51

cast doubt on one of Nathan's ideas? 52

 Reading and Use of English

Exercise like an animal

Journalist Annabel Venning tries a new exercise craze
the seconds go by, the fronts of my thighs start
A to burn and it's all I can do not to collapse.
After the 30 seconds we dash back across
Our sedentary lifestyles mean that most of us the room to our starting point with barely a
aren't using our muscles properly. As small moment to catch our breath. Nathan assures
children we squat, crawl and leap around me the frog squat is particularly good for the
freely, but the older we get the more restricted lower backs of office workers, and recommends
our movements become and many of our that they should take a break and perform the
muscles get little action as we sit at desks or movement for four minutes a day. Somehow I
in cars. Occasionally we hit the gym, where can't see this working!
we use machines to work on specific muscles
rather than the whole body. Now a new form D
of fitness , an intense workout based on simple
animal movements such as crawling, is taking
off. Its Australian founder, Nathan Helberg, has Then it's on to a bear crawl, on hands and feet .
been using it with the military, police forces, While Nathan and others shoot across the
schoolchildren and even prisoners. He took his room, I lumber along like an ancient grizzly
inspiration from martial arts, break-dancing, bear. Then we do it again - backwards. I seem to
the animal world and the dance movements of be clumsy, but it does get slightly easier as I go
indigenous people, and developed Zuu. on. This movement evidently uses every joint
in the body, strengthening things like ligaments
and tendons , while at the same time raising
B heart rate as effectively as running. Perhaps
being a snake will be easier. But there's no lying
There are around 100 animal movements - flat on our stomachs. Instead we have to raise
although beginners start with 25 - that work our bodies 2 cm off the floor, rocking our weight
muscles , joints and ligaments as well as back and forth from hands to toes. It's a bit of
improving heart and lung fitness. Zuu needs no an effort to keep going for the full minute.
equipment and little space. The idea is to train
your body to do the kinds of activities that our E
ancestors had to do in daily life. It's quick, it
tops up your strength and it's not aiming to give
you big muscles . In exchange for the publicity By the end I'm shaking with exhaustion.
from my article, Nathan offers me a master Despite my initial reservations, by the end of
class, alongside two of his trainers, a privilege my session, I have started to enjoy myself. Mind
that would otherwise be beyond my financial you, it's hard not to laugh when you're imitating
means! I am daunted by the prospect of doing a bear on rewind! I thought I was in reasonably
things I haven't done since my pre-school years. good shape - I run 5 km three times a week -
but after this I realise how little I push myself
normally. Nathan has promised that I could
c increase my upper body strength by 30% in just
six weeks by doing classes. I have compromised
We do each movement for 30 seconds (for and do bear crawls around my garden at home
my benefit - as you get fitter, you keep on for during work breaks , much to the amazement of
45 seconds). We start with a frog squat: legs my dog!
wide, knees bent, elbows locked inside knees.
It's a little undignified, but fine at first. Then as
Test 2

WRITING (1 hour 20 minutes)

Part 1

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 140-190 words in an appropriate style on
the separate answer sheet .

1 In your English class you have been talking about self-employment. Now, your English
teacher has asked you to write an essay.

Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.

Is it better to be self-employed or to work for somebody else?

Notes

Write about:

1. being independent

2. job security

3. ........................ ................... (your own idea)

 Writing

Part 2

Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Write your answer in 140-190 words in
an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet. Put the question number in the box at the
top of the answer sheet.
)-

2 You have seen this notice in an online holiday magazine:

Reviews wanted

Sports Holidays
We're looking for reviews of organised holidays where people can practise
sports.
Write a review of the holiday, including information about the place, the sports,
and how well organised the holiday was.

Write your review.

3 You see this notice in an English-language magazine:

Articles wanted
Being famous for something
If you could be famous for something, what would you like to be famous for? Why?
The best articles will be printed next month.

Write your article.

4 You receive this email from your English-speaking friend, Nico:

Subject: Where to study?

Hi
I'm going to university next year. I can either go to the university in my home
town and live at home, or study in another area and live away from home.
What do you think I should do?
Write soon
Nico

Write your email.