INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT Introduction to Management: When human being started group
activities for the attainment of same common objectives whenever a group is formed and a group
activity is organized to achieve certain common objectives management is needed to direct, co-
ordinate and integrate the individual activities of a group and secure teams work to accomplish
organizational objectives. The objectives of all business are attained by utilizing the scare resources
like men, materials, machines, money etc. In process of management, a manage uses human skills,
material resources and scientific methods to perform all the activities leading to the achievement of
goods. Definition: “Management is knowing exactly what you want men to seeing that they do it the
best and cheapest ways”. or “Management is defined as the creation and maintenance environment
in an enterprise where individuals working together in groups, can perform efficiently andeffectively
towards theattainment of__Koontzand O’Donell Nature of Management: The study and application
of management techniques in managing the affairs of the organization have changed its nature over
the period of time. Multidisciplinary: Management is basically multidisciplinary. This implies that,
although management has been developed as a separate discipline, it draws knowledge and
concepts from various disciplines. It draws freely ideas and concepts from such disciplines as
psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, ecology, statistics, operations research, etc.
Management integrates the ideas and concepts taken from these disciplines and present newer
concepts which can be put into practice for managing the organization. Dynamic nature of principle:
Based on integration and supported by practical evidences, management has formed certain
principles. However, these principles are flexible in nature and change with the changes in the
environment in which an organization exists. Relative, not absolute principles: Management
principle are relative, not absolute, and they should be applied according to the need of the
organization. Each organization may be different from others. The difference may exist because of
time, place, socio-cultural factors, etc. Management Science or Art: There is a controversy whether
management is science or art. However, management is both a science and art. Management as
profession: Management has been regarded as profession by many while many have suggested that
it has not achieved the status of a profession. Characteristics of Management: Setting goals for
organizations: Goals differ from organization to organization in business, the basic economic goal is
to earn maximum profit, while in service organization like hospital and educational institution for the
basic goal is to provide better service and better education. Awareness of opportunities and
resources: Management have awareness of opportunities and resources like men, materials, money
which assembles and integrates by management. Management is transformation process:
Management is a transformation process consisting of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and
controlling. Management is universal: The principles and techniques of management are universally
applicable to all group activities performed at any level of organization. System of authority: System
of authority means a hierarchy of command and control. Managers at different levels possess
varying degrees of authority. Co – Ordination: Various human beings organized in formal groups are
endeavoring to achieve the common organizational objectives, so various departments in the
organization must work in harmony with one another. Management is Dynamic: The ever changing
social environment directly and indirectly effect the group activity thus changing environments
provide a challenge to management. Efficient management can not remain static it must adopt it self
to changing conditions. Management is decision making: The managers are decision makers the
marketing managers decides about how to market, when to market, where to market how to collect
funds for organization. Management is a profession: Management is not only a science but also an
art. Art means managers has to handle the person and things tactfully. Science means achieving
objectives through procedures
