INTERVIEW

PREPARATION
By: Ali Javed
Pakistan Affairs

(Nips Academy)
0312-8386917
 TOPICS
 Conquest of Singh Or
Muhammad Bin Qsim
 Invasions
 Ghaznavids
 Ghaurids
 Delhi Sultanate
 Slave Dynasty
 Khilji Dynasty
 Tughlaq Dynasty
 Syed Dynasty
 Lodhi Dynasty
 Mughal Empire
 Battle of Plassey
 Mysore Wars
Muhammad bin Qasim
712 AD to 716 AD
 Raja Dahir
Maharaja of Sindh
3rd and last Maharaja of Sindh
Full Name Raja Dahar Sen
Dynasty Brahmin Dynasty
Predecessor Chandar
Successor Kingdom abolished (annexed by the Umayyad Caliphate)
Born 663 AD Alor, Sindh
(present-day Rohri)
Died 712 AD (aged 49) Indus River, Raor, Sindh
(near present-day Nawabshah)
Father Chach
Mother Rani Suhanadi (Former wife of Rai Sahasi)
Religion Hinduism
Spouse Ladi
Issue 1. Surya Devi
2. Premala Devi
3. Jodha Devi
Sindh in 700 CE, under the Raja's dynasty. The Umayyad Caliphate can
be seen advancing upon the western frontier of the Indian subcontinent.
 War with the Umayyads
 The expedition by the governor of Basra, Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, against Raja Dahir,
was a pirate raid off the coast of Debal resulting in gifts to the caliph from the king
of Serendib (modern Sri Lanka) being stolen.
 Meds (a tribe of Scythians living in Sindh) also known as Bawarij had pirated upon
Sassanid shipping in the past, from the mouth of the Tigris to the Sri Lankan coast, in
their bawarij and now were able to prey on Arab shipping from their bases at Kutch,
Debal and Kathiawar.
 Hajaj's next campaign was launched under the aegis of Muhammad bin Qasim. In 711
bin Qasim attacked at Debal and, on orders of Al-Hajjaj, freed the earlier captives and
prisoners from the previous (failed) campaign.
 From Debal Hajaj moved on to Nerun for supplies; the city's Buddhist governor
had acknowledged it as a tributary of the Caliphate after the first campaign, and
capitulated to the second. Qasim's armies then captured Siwistan (Sehwan)
received allegiance from several tribal chiefs and secured the surrounding regions. His
combined forces captured the fort at Sisam, and secured the region west of the Indus
River.
Route of MBQ of Sindh Invasion
 Conquest of Sindh
Causes of Arab Success
 High Morale of Arab Army (being the super power of the time)
 Brave and Chivalrous general in form of Muhammad bin Qasim
“We have come to know of the honesty, integrity, equity, justice, generosity
and truthfulness of MBQ and his loyalty to his pledged word”

 Buddhists’ Aversion to war (Ahinsa/ Non violence)

 Disunity among Indians
 Class difference among Hindus
 Chach (Raja Dahir’s father) was a usurper. He was a Hindu minister of
Rai Sehasi-II. He ascended the throne by deposing a Buddhist King through
usurpation.
 Superiority of Arab Army
 Strong Navy of Arab
 Geographical Advantage (Dahir could not afford a puissant and
enormous army owing to impoverishment). Sindh was cut off from rest of
India
 Attitude of Sindh Generals: betrayed Dahir and joined the ranks of
MBQ
 Conquest of Sindh

Causes of Arab Success

Folly of Raja Dahir

 Miscalculated the power of Arab Army and Remained unprepared
 Lethargic and want of leadership as he did not stop preclude MBQ’s assault
before reaching Daibal.

Role of Ifafi Tribe

 They were Spies. Espionaged to Viceroy of Iraq.
 Major Points
 Eight (8) Vessels were plundered by Pirates (who were under the
patronage of Raja Dahir)

 Punishment of the Sindh Army who helped Persians in the battle of

Nahawind, Salasil and Qadisiyah.

 Muslims conquest of Persia (Kirman and Makran). Persians were

helped by imperialist Dahir and residents of Sindh

 Protection of MARITIME INTERESTS

 Ilafi Tribe (Arab Rebels) given shelter by Raja Dahir

 Propagation of Islam.
 Ignominious Caste restriction.
 Internal Disorder
 Alore Vs. Brahmanbad
 Disputes of Internal Accession
 Lack of Unity
 Expedition of Muhammad bin Qasim
 MBQ was a Nephew of Hajjaj bin Yousaf (Governor of Iraq) under the
Caliphate of Walid bin Abdul Malik)

Expedition to Sindh/Daibal
Three Expititions
First Expedition Second Expdition
Ubaid Ullah (lost) Budail (lost)
Third Expidition
Muhammad bin Qasim (won)
 MBQ invaded Sindh in 712 AD
 Army 15,000
 Route: Makran, Nirun (Hyderabad), Sehwan & Sisam, Rawar (Raja Dahir Killed.
 His wife Rani Bai defended heroically and in the end performed a traditional “Jauhar”/
Suicide)
 Brahminabad, Jai Singh, Raja Dahir’s son was defeated and he later embraced Islam
 Aror (Rohri) (Sindh’s Capital), easily conquered as inhabitants welcomed MBQ,
Multan was conquered in 713/716.
 Then MBQ was called back and tortured him to death by Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik
 BATTLE OF AROR

 By enlisting the support of local tribes Meds, Bhuttos, and Buddhist

rulers of Nerun, Bajhra, Kaka Kolak and Siwistan as infantry to his
predominantly-mounted army, Muhammad bin Qasim defeated Dahir and
captured his eastern territories for the Umayyad Caliphate.

 Dahir then tried to prevent Qasim from crossing the Indus River, moving his
forces to its eastern banks. Eventually, however, Qasim crossed and defeated
forces at Jitor led by Jaisiah (Dahir's son). Qasim fought Dahir at Raor (near
modern Nawabshah) in 712, killing him. After Dahar was killed in the
BATTLE OF AROR on the banks of the River Indus, his head was cut off from
his body and sent to Hajjaj bin Yousuf.
 Religious Tolerance of MBQ
 Conciliatory policy towards the locals. Islamic Shariah and Religious Freedom to
Hindus and Buddhists
 Amil. With a troop of cavalry manage in teams
 Natives were exempted from military services. Had to pay Jizya
 Capturing of towns by means of Treaty. The treaty was of Two types:
 Sulah/ Ahd-e-Wasiq (Capitulation)
 Aman (Surrender/peace)
 3% government Revenue was fixed for Brahmins
 Kaksa, a Hindu was given the Second Most Important seat of MBQ’s government
 Raja Dahir’s PM was also included in the government by MBQ

Military Strategy of MBQ

“kill anyone belongin to combatatns. Arrest their sons and daughters for
hostages and imprison them. Whoever does not fight against us, grant
them aman (safety) and settle their tribute as dhimmah”
Two Invasions
 Mahmud Ghaznavi
Founder of Ghaznavid Dynasty  Abu Mansur Sebuk Tigin
 Son in law of Alptigin
 Alptigin actually seized Ghaznavi in political
fallout for the throne of Samanids

Amir Sebuk Tigin had 4 Sons

 Ismail Ghaznavid (younger) followed by  Mahmud Ghaznavi (998AD to 1030AD)
Mahmud Ghaznavi (eldest and ablest son)  Followed by his son Jalal-ud-Dawlah
Muhammad Ghaznavi
 17 Expeditions to India
 From 1001 to 1027
 16th Expedition: Somnat Mandir
Two Point of Views
 True Muslim Warriors  Greed was main driver of invasion
 Spreading Islam
 Against Idolatry
Ghaznavids could not transform his success into permenance. East to West (Vast stretch of his Empire
was difficult)
 Muhammad Ghauri
Ghor  Ghor conquered by Sultan Mahmood of Ghazna in 1010 AD
 Tributary Province of Ghaznavid Emprire
Founder Allauddin Ghauri
 Ghauris took over from Ghaznavids under Allauddin Ghauri.
 Allauddin Ghauri took revenge from Sultan Bahram of Ghaznavi Empire for his brother, Saifuddin.
 Allauddin sacked the city for 7 days, the massacre raged in full fury. Many splendid buildings destroyed.
Most inhabitants killed and earned the title of Jahansaz (world burner).

Sultan Muhammad Ghauri

He was a Governor of Ghazna and surrounding as Served as Sultan from 1202 AD to 1206 AD
well and General too. (1173 AD to 1192 AD)

Sultan had no heir. He treated his slaves as heirs/sons, and trained thousands of Turkish slaves in warfare and
administration. Excellent education were imparted upon them. Many roused to excellence. Qutub ud din
Aibak was a capable general and closest adviser. Kept control of Indian conquests. First Sultan of Delhi in
1206 and founded slave dynasty.
 Battles of Tarain/Taraori
Contestants

Sultan Muhammad Ghauri Prithvi Raj Chauhan

(Muiz-ud-Din) (Rajput Empire)
Ghauri Empire

First Battle Second Battle

1191 1192

Won by Prithvi Raj Chauhan Won by Muhammad Ghauri

Prithivi Raj was killed in the Battle
Ghauri: 120,000
Prithivi Raj: 300,000

Tarain: A place in Haryana

(Indian Punjab). It is located
150 km North of Delhi
 Sultan Muhammad Ghauri

 “Other Monarchs have one son or two; I have thousands of sons, my

Turkish slaves who will be the heirs of my dominions, and who after me,
will take care to preserve my name in the Khutbah throughout these territories”
Battles of Panipat
 Battles of Panipat
First Battle Second Battle Third Battle
21st April, 1526 5th November, 1556 14th January, 1761
Zaheer-ud-Din Babar Jalal-ud-Din M. Akbar Ahmad Shah Durrani
Vs (Mughal Empire) (Durrani Empire)
Ibrahim Lodhi Vs Vs
(Lodhi Dynasty) General Hemu Sadashiv Rao Bhau
(C-in-C)
(Marhatta Empire)

Babur won and Akbar won and Durrani won and went
established Mughal strengthen his Mughal back to Afghanistan
Empire in India Empire

Panipat: A place in Haryana

(Indian Punjab). It is 60
miles North of Delhi
Delhi Sultanate
 Invasions, Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire
Dynasty DelhiPeriod
Sultanate Founder Total
Period
 Refers to myriad of Muslims states that ruled in India from 1206 to 1526.
Invasions
Ghaznavids 976AD to 1148AD  Amir Temur Sebuk Tigin (Founder) 172
 Mahmood Ghaznavi
Ghaurids 1148AD to 1206AD  Alauddin (Founder) 58
 Sultan Muhammad Ghauri (Last)
Delhi Sultanate
Mamluk/Slave Dynasty 1206 AD to 1290 AD  Qutub ud Din Aibak 84
Khilji Dynasty 1290 AD to 1320 AD  Jalal ud Din Khilji 31
Tughlaq Dynasty 1320 AD to 1413 AD  Ghyasuddin Tughlaq 92
Syed Dynasty 1414 AD to 1451 AD  Khizar Khan (Founder) 39
 Alauddin (Last)
Lodhi Dynasty 1451 AD to 1526 AD  Bahlol Lodhi (Founder) 75
 Ibrahim Lodhi (Founder)
Mughal Empire
Mughal Empire 1526 AD to 1857 AD  Zaheer ud Din Babar (Founder) 331
 Bahadur Shah Zafar (Last)
 Name (Birth Name) Son Ethnicity Place of Origin

Moghulistan, Chagatai
Qutlugh Nigar Khanum Babur Turkic-Mongol
Khanate

Maham Begum Humayun Turkic-Mongol Khorasan, Persia

Hamida Banu Begum

Akbar Persian Khorasan, Persia
(Maryam Makani)

Mariam uz-Zamani
Jahangir Rajput Amber, India
(Jodha Begum)

Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani

Shah Jahan Rajput Marwar, India
(Manmati bai)

Arjumand Banu Begum

Aurangzeb Persian Agra, India
(Mumtaz Mahal)

Nawab Bai
Bahadur Shah I Rajput Rajauri, Kashmir
(Rahmat-un-Nissa)
 Name (Birth Name) Son Ethnicity Place of Origin

Nizam Bai Jahandar Shah Hindu Hyderabad, Mughal Empire

Sahiba Nizwan Begum Farrukhsiyar Muslim Kashmir, Mughal Empire

Raziat un-nisa Begum Rafi ud-Darajat Turkic-Mongol Mughal Empire

Nur-un-Nissa Begum Shah Jahan II Persian Khurasan, Persia

Qudsia ul-Alqab Hazrat Begum Muhammad

Muslim Mughal Empire
(Fakhr un-nisa) Shah

Ahmad Shah
Qudsia Begum (Udham Bai) Hindu Mughal Empire
Bahadur

Anup Bai Alamgir II Hindu Mughal Empire

Zinat Mahal (Bilal Kunar) Shah Alam II Hindu Mughal Empire

Qudsia Begum (unknown) Akbar Shah II Hindu Mughal Empire

Qudsia Begum (Lal Bai) Bahadur Shah II Hindu Mughal Empire

Mughal Empire
 Babur (AD 1526-1530)
 The very first Mughal emperor and the FOUNDER of the Mughal
emperor Babur brought gunpowder to India

 He is known for defeating:

a) Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat (AD 1526)

b) Rana Sanga (Sangram Singh) at battle of Khanwa
c) Medini Rai of Chenderi at Battle of Chanderi (AD 1528)
d) Mahmud Lodi at Battle of Ghagra (AD 1529)

 Babur wrote Tuzuk-i-Baburi in Turkish language

 The first Mughal emperor declared JEHAD and adopted the title GHAZI

 Babur died in 1530 and was buried at Aram Bagh (Agra). Late, his body was
taken to Bagh-e-Babun (Kabul)
 Humayun (AD 1530-1556)

 Babur’s son, Humayun, built DINPANAH at Delhi as his second capital

 Humayun fought two battles with Sher Shah Suri and was ultimately
deafeated:
 Battle of Chausa (AD 1539)
 Battle of Kannauj (AD 1540)

 The second great Mughal emperor passed 15 years in exile and again
invaded India in 1555 with the help of his officer Bairam Khan

 Humayun died in AD 1556 falling from the stairs of his library building

 HUMAYUN-NAMA was written by his half-sister Gulbadan Begum

 Akbar (AD 1556-1605)

 Humayun’s officer Bairam Khan crowned 13-year-old Akbar as the

third Mughal emperor
 He defeated Hemu at the SECOND BATTLE OF PANIPAT (AD 1556) with
the help of Bairam Khan

AKBAR MAJOR CONQUESTS

 Malwa (AD 1561) after defeating Baz Bahadur followed by Garh-Katanga (ruled
by Rani Durgawati)
 Chittor (AD 1568)
 Ranthambhor and Kalinjar (AD 1569)
 Gujarat (AD 1672)
 Mewar (AD 1576) in the Battle of Haldighati after defeating Rana Pratap
 KASHMIR (AD 1586)
 SINDH (AD 1593)
 Asirgarh (AD 1603)

 BULAND DARWAZA was contructed at Fatehpur Sikri after Akbar’s

victory over Gujarat in AD 1572
 Akbar (AD 1556-1605)
 Akbar discouraged the Practice of Sati and encouraged Widow Remarriage

 Akbar was married to Harkha Bai, daughter of Rajpur ruler Bharmal

 Ralph Fitch was the first Englishman to visit Akbar’s court in AD 1585

 The third Mughal emperor introduced a land revenue system called Todar Mal Bandobast or Zabti
system, through his finance minister Raja Todar Mal, wherein the classification of land and fixation of
rent was introduced

 He also introduced the Mansabdari System or the rank-holder system to organise the nobility and army

 The NAVRATNAS or the Nine Famous Intellectuals of Akbar’s court were

1. Todar Mal,
2. Abul Fazal,
3. Faizi,
4. Birbal,
5. Tansen,
6. Abdur Rahim Khana-i-Khana,
7. Mullah-do-Pyaza,
8. Raja Man Singh, and
9. Fakir Aziao-Din
 Jahangir (AD 1605-1627)
 Akbar's son Jahangir executed the Fifth Sikh Guru, ARJUN DEV

 His greatest political failure was the loss of Kandahar to Persia in

AD 1622

 The fourth Mughal emperor married Mehr-un-Nisa in AD 1611 and

conferred the titles of Nur Jahan on her

 Jahangir established ZANJIR-I-ADAL at Agra Fort for those who

sought royal justice

 CAPTAIN HAWKINS and SIR THOMAS ROE visited his court

 A few famous painters in Jahangir’s court were Abdul Hassan, Ustad

Mansur, and Bishandas
 Shah Jahan (AD 1628-1658)
 Jahangir’s son, Shah Jahan annexed Ahmednagar while Bijapur and
Golconda accepted him as their overlord

 Shah Jahan secured Kandahar in AD 1639

 Shah Jahan’s court was visited by two Frenchmen Bernier and

Tavernier, and an Italian adventurer Manucci

 He was known as Master Builder

 Apart from the Taj Mahal, Shah Jahan also built the Moti Mahal in
Agra, and the Red Fort and Jama Masjid in Delhi

 Shah Jahan’s reign is considered the Golden Age of the Mughal empire
 Aurangzeb (Alamgir) (AD 1658-1707)
 Shah Jahan’s son and the last seriously notable Mughal emperor
Aurangzeb secured the Mughal throne after a brutal war of
succession with his brothers Dara, Shuja and Murad

 Aurangzeb issued a Royal Firman against SATI (in AD 1664 or

1666) and also gave a death penalty to those forcing widows to be
burnt

 He was called Darvesh or a Zinda Pir

 He faced several rebellions during his rule, namely from the Jat
Peasantry at Mathura, the Satnami Peasantry in Punjab, and the
Bundelas in Bundelkhand
 Aurangzeb (Alamgir) (AD 1658-1707)

 The annexation of Marwar in AD 1658 led to a serious rift between Rajput and
Mughals after the death of Raja Jaswant Singh

 Aurangzen conquered Bijapur (AD 1686) and Golconda (AD 1687) and re-
imposed JAZIYA in AD 1679

 The Mughal empire conquests reached a climax during his rule. Aurangzeb’s
empire stretched from Kashmir in the north to Jinji in the south, and from the
Hindukush in the west to Chittagong in the east

 Aurangzeb executed the Ninth Sikh Guru, GURU TEGH BAHADUR in AD

1675

 Aurangzeb built BIWI KA MAKBARA on the tomb of his queen Rabaud-

Durani at Aurangbad, Moti Mahal within Red Fort at Delhi, and the JAMI
or BADSHAHI MOSQUE at Lahore
 Bahadur Shah Zafar
19th /Last Mughal Emperor
Full Name Abu Zafar Siraj-ud-din Muhammad Bahadur Shah
Reign 28 September 1837 to 21 September 1857
Coronation 29 September 1837 at the Red Fort (Lal Qila), Delhi
Predecessor Akbar II
Successor Empire abolished (Victoria as Empress of India)

Born  24 October 1775

 Shahjahanabad, Mughal Empire
(present-day Old Delhi, Delhi, India)

Died 7 November 1862 (aged 87)

Rangoon, British Burma
(present-day Yangon, Myanmar)

Burial 7 November 1862

Yangon, Myanmar
 Bahadur Shah Zafar
Spouse  Ashraf Mahal,
 Akhtar Mahal,
 Zeenat Mahal,
 Taj Mahal
Issue  Mirza Dara Bakht,
 Mirza Mughal,
 Mirza Fath-ul-Mulk Bahadur,
 Mirza Khizr Sultan,
 Mirza Jawan Bakht,
 Mirza Shah Abbas,
16 more

Father Akbar Shah II

Mother Lela Banu Begum

House Timurid Dynasty

A daring seizure of King of Delhi by Captain Henry M Hodson
Battle of Plassey
23 June 1757
Mir Jafar and Robert Clive after the
Battle of Plassey
 Battle of Plassey
Date 23 June 1757
Location Palashi, Bengal Subah

Result British victory

Territorial changes Bengal annexed by the British East India Company
Belligerents
 Great Britain  Bengal Subah
 East India Company  Kingdom of France
 French East India Company
Commanders and leaders
 Kingdom of Great Britain Colonel Robert  Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah (Executed by
Clive Miran, son of Mir Jaffar)
 Major Kilpatrick  Diwan Mohanlal
 Major Grant  Mir Madan (Killed)
 Major Eyre Coote  Mir Jafar Ali Khan (defector)
 Captain Gaupp  Yar Lutuf Khan (defector)
 Capt. William Jennings  Rai Durlabh (defector)
 Kingdom of France St. Frais
 Strength
East India Company Mughal Empire
 750 British European soldiers  7,000 infantry
 100 Topasses  5,000 cavalry of Siraj ud-Daulah
 2,100 Indian sepoys  35,000 infantry (defected)
 100 gunners  15,000 cavalry of Mir Jafar (defected)
 50 sailors  53 field pieces (mostly 32, 24 and 18-pounder
 8 cannon (six 68-pounders and 2 pieces)
howitzers) Kingdom of France
 defectors:  50 artillerymen (6 field pieces)
 15,000 cavalry of Mir
Jafar
 35,000 infantry

Casualties and losses

 22 killed  500 killed and wounded
 50 wounded
 Mir Jafar Ali Khan served as the
commander of Bengali forces
under Siraj ud-Daulah, the
Nawab of Bengal, but betrayed
him during the Battle of
Plassey and succeeded him after
the British victory in 1757
His son Miran killed Nawab
Siraj ud Daula

Mir Jafar Ali Khan

Tipu Sultan & 4 Mysore
Battles
 Tipu Sultan (Banu Hashim)
 Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu
 Eldest son of Haider Ali
 Haider Ali was the Military Officer in Kingdom. Rose and seize power in 1761.
 Haider Ali was the Ruler of Kingdom of Mysore (1761 to 1782)
 DOB 10th November, 1750 in Devanhalli (Present day Bangalore, Karnataka)
 DOM: 4th May, 1799 (48 age) in Srirangapatna (Mandya, Karnataka). Burial
here as wel
 Title Nasib ud Daulah
 Mother Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa
 Reign 29th December, 1782 to 4th May, 1799
 Successor: Karishna Raja Wodeyar-III (Hindu)
 22nd Maharaja of Kingdom of Mysore
 Belonged to Wadiyar Dynasty
 Ruled nearly 70 year (1799 to 1831)
 Tipu Sultan
Four Mysore Wars introduced
Mauludi
First War Second War
(Unisolar Calendar)
1766 1779

 Tipu Sultan accompanied his father  British captured French-controlled

against British port of Mahe’ (which Tipu had
 Tipu Sultan commanded a crops placed under his protection)
of Cavalry in the invasion of
Carnatic in 1767 at the age of 16/13  Tipu launched an invasion of Carnatic
for driving the British out of Madras

 Mahe’, a small town at the mouth of

River Mah’e (Kerala state)

Battle of Pollilur (1780)

Mysore decisively defeated Colonel Baillie

 Four Mysore Wars
Third War Fourth War
1789 1799
 Tipu disputed the acquisition of Two Dutch- Three Armies
held fortresses by Dharma Raja of  One Army from Bombay
Travancore (ally of British).  And Two Armies were of British. One was led by
 East India Company also joined Dharma Raja. Arthur Wellesly marched into Mysore and
besieged the capital of Mysore,
 Tipu Sultan attacked Tranvancore on Srirangapatna.
December, 1789.
 Lord Cornwallis mobilized British India Army  4th Army was of Nizam of Hyderabad. He
 Marhathas and Nizam of Hyderabad also assisted British as well. 4000 British Troops,
assisted British. 22,000 Indian troops. Total Army was 50,000.
 In 1792, after Two Weeks siege, Tipu
surrendered.  Tipu Sultan’s Army was 30,000
 Half territory was given. Tipu’s Two sons
were hostages until 3 crore 30 lacs given as Mir Sadiq betrayed during the siege, paving way
war indemnity to British (paid in two for a British victory. He was killed by some
instalments) Mysorean troops immediately following the defeat.
The First and the Second Anglo-Mysore War
The Third Anglo-Mysore War
The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
 Battle of Pollilur
Date  10 September 1780
Location  Pollilur, Kanchipuram, India
Result Mysore victory

Belligerents
British East India Company Kingdom of Mysore

Commanders and leaders

William Baille (POW)  Tipu Sultan
 Hyder Ali

Strength
3,853 to 7,000 2,000–3,000 cavalry & rocket-men

Casualties and losses

3000 killed, Unknown
200 to 7,000 captured
 The Battle of Pollilur

The forces of Haider Ali effectively used Mysorean rockets

and rocket artillery against closely massed British forces
 Gudu Khan (Mir Sadiq) held the post
of a Minister in the cabinet of Tipu
Sultan of Mysore. In the Fourth
Anglo-Mysore War, he allegedly
BETRAYED Tipu Sultan during
the Siege of Srirangapatana, (the
capital of Mysore) paving the way for a
British victory. Gudu was killed by
some of the dismayed Mysorean
troops immediately following the
defeat as he attempted to go over to
welcome the British
Gudu Khan (Mir Sadiq)