pwuwvwvvwwwses NETWORK LABORATORY SYLLABUS PART A - SIMULATION EXERCISES (Covered in this manual) The following experiments _shall_be conducted _using _either NS228/OPNET or any other simulator. pA! pA 2 Simulate a 3 node point to point network with duplex links between them, Set the Queue size and vary the bandwidth and find the number of packets dropped Simulate a 4 node point to point network and connect the links as follows =~ nO — n2, ni - n2 and n2 - n3. Apply TCP agent between nO - n3 and UDP nt - n3. Apply relevant applications over TCP and UDP agents changing the parameters and determine the no. of packets sent by TCP / UDP. Simulate the different types of internet traffic such as FTP and TELNET ‘over network and analyze the throughput. Simulate the transmission of PING message over a network topology consisting of 6 nodes and find the number of packets dropped due to congestion. Simulate an Ethernet LAN using N nodes (6-10), change error rate and data rate and compare throughput. ‘Simulate an Ethemet LAN using N nodes and set multiple traffic nodes and determine collision across different nodes Simulate an Ethernet LAN using N nodes and set multiple traffic nodes and plot congestion window for different source / destination. Simulate simple ESS and with transmitting nodes in WIRELESS LAN by simulation and determine the performance with respect to transmission of packets. PART -B (Refer PART B Programs Manual) The following experiments shall be conducted using C/ C++ Write a program for error detection code CRC-CCITT (16 bits) Write a program for frame sorting technique used in buffers Write a program for distance vector algorithm to find suitable path for transmission. Write a program for spanning tree algorithm (Kruskal's / Prims) to find loop less path Using TCP/IP sockets, write a client server program to make client. sending the file name and the server to send back the contents of the requested file if present Implement the above program using a message queue or FIFOs as IPC channels. Write a program for simple RSA algorithm to encrypt and decrypt the data Write a program for Hamming Code generation for error detection and correction. Write a program for Congestion Control using Leaky Bucket algorithm,=~ ~~, ee a v vuuv wewuuwwvve INTRODUCTION Why do we need a Network julator? Networking systems have become very complex and expensive. Therefore, hands-on experiments based on networking simulation have become essential for learning computer networking topics. Therefore, simulation approach is highly useful because it provides a virtual environment for an assortment of desirable features such as modeling a network based on a specific criteria and analyzing its performance under different scenarios. OPNET Simulator: OPNET (Optimized Network Engineering Tool) is a comprehensive development environment for the specification, simulation and performance analysis of communical yn networks. Discrete event simulations are used as the means of analyzing system performance and their behavior. OPNET provides solutions for various problems which involves application performance troubleshooting, application deployment planning, systems capacity planning, network configuration’ auditing, network capacity and resiliency planning, and network technology R&D. OPNET has wide range of products supporting various wired and wireless networking cludes OPNET IT Guru, OPNET Modeler, OPENET Commander, OPNET Panorama, WDM Guru, ODK etc. For more technologies. It information visit: http://www.opnet.com OPNET IT Guru: IT Guru is a product which is sold with OPNET modules to provide solutions in the areas of application performance analysis, network configuration analysis, and predictive capacity planning with network, application, server, and mainframe models.wy wvvvuvuvvVvw eve wwe wwww How to install OPNET IT Guru Academic Edition? 1. If your computer meets the system requirements, shown below, then register yourself and download the software from: https: //enterprise37.opnet.com/4dcai/SIGNUP_NewUserOther 2. Complete the form. 3. You will get an email containing a username and password and a link for downloading the software. Follow the instructions on the website for downloading the software. 4, After downloading the software, double-click on the file which you just downloaded. 5. Follow the on screen instructions to install the software. System Requirements: Intel Pentium III, 4 or compatible (500 MHz or better) 256 MB RAM 400 MB disk space Display: 1024x768 or higher resolution, 256 or more colors The English language versions of the following operating systems are supported: + Microsoft Windows NT (Service Pack 3, 5, or 6a (Service Packs 4 and 6 are not supported)), + Windows 2000 (Service Pack 1 and 2 are supported but not required), + Windows XP (Service Pack 1 is required).ww ww wwe www wewvvvd How to start OPNET IT Guru Academic Edition? 1. Click on Start/ Programs/OPNET IT Guru Academic Edition/ OPNET IT Guru Academic Edition. (OPNET Fig1. OPNET Environment To create a New Project 1. Choose New from File menu. 2. Select Project => click Ok => name the project and the scenario => click Ok.3. In the Startup Wizard: Initial Topology dialog box, select Create Empty Scenario =>Click next => choose from Network Scale list World / Office / Logical or any other choices depending on the network scale requirement for the given Problem => click Next => choose map => click twice=> Choose networking technology = > click next => click Ok. (stepwise events are shown below) Ben VYVUY EY Ew Y UY YY ee ove vwvuvuyv vw wwwwvuvvvuvewssse wvvvvuwyw wvuuvvvvewyW ww vwuv + Startup Wizard: Choose Network Scale neat the ype of network you wl be madeing einer Seale Ertemne Compe Ofice Loge Chacte From aos 1 Use Metic Unte pe Seat amp. The seographi esters tor the network wilbe map you elect ~ Tincide? a] Novvews oD » » >? » ,° » > > > > > > > 5° > > > > > » . 4. Further procedures would involve creating network model, Configuration of different entities of the network model, making simulation settings, choosing the statistics, running simulation and viewing results. Note: A brief description of each component used in OPNET is available to the user. This can be accessed by Placing the object and right clicking on it, then selecting the “View Node Description” option. This helps the user understand the various aspects of the object, Some Common Objects Used in simulation using OPNET: 1. Application Configuration: This is used to define the applications that are generating traffic in the network. We have a wide range of choices with some being ftp, video conferencing, telnet (remote login), voice etc. Most of the experiments make use of it for generating traffic, 2. Profile Configuration: This is used to set the profile for the application. It sets the other features of the application such as, repetition rate, start time, etc. The repetition rate follows a distribution such as uniform, exponential, etc. The user needs to define what kind of probability distribution to apply to the traffic generation. So we apply exponential distribution if we want a Steep rise in number of packets generated. If a constant generation rate is required then we apply constant. The number gives the mean (for other distribution) and the time for constant.~~ ye rye vewwwwv”d 9 VLU YE YL YY YY YOGNUY jeneral S' wor! NET Simula’ Ex in llabus. Step 1: Open the Object Palette and drag and drop into the workspace, the components you will need for the network you want to simulate. Step 2: Create the network topology based on the problem given. Step 3: Drag and drop the application configuration and profile configuration objects for the network from the object palette. In some problems you don’t need them. For e.g.: Problem 5, 8 etc. Step 4: Close the Object palette. Configure each of the objects taken from the object palette. ‘Step 5: Right click on the workspace and give the parameters you need to measure for the network in the Global, Node or Link Statistics. Step 6: Run the simulation ‘Step 7: View / Compare the results of the scenarios. In some cases we will need to duplicate the scenario and change the Profile Configuration or each of the individual objects or the Statistics, Please Note: It is told to change the Results representation as ‘Sample Sum’ or ‘As Is’ or ‘Average’ etc. This is to ensure that the results are viewed in the best possible way, so that we can interpret the results very easilyvwvrwytverorses WEP ws ty ret ye visi Con: ind Ti ar in Simulation Exercises 1, 10 Base T: This is a Link Model we usually choose. It stands for 10 Mbps Base band transmissions. The ‘T’ stands for Twisted Pair. The maximum segment length is 100m and it is usually used for a ‘Star’ Topology with the nodes connected via twisted pair to a hub. Other Link Models are: a) 10 Base 5 --- Thick Coaxial Cable 500 meters, usually in a ‘Bus’ Topology. 5) 10 Base 2--- Thin Coaxial Cable 200 Meters usually in a ‘Bus’ Topology. 2. TEP Transport Protocol would guarantee high reliability of data transmitted, but low data rate, whereas UDP gives very high data rate, but low reliability. HeepyeTP Video/Audio Stream (Application Layer) Data Application Layer) Tor Ube. (Transport Layer) (Transport Laver) iP 7 Ip (Network Layer) (Network Layer) 3. Throughput: The actual rate at which information is sent over a channel, It is measured in bits/second or frames/second. When the load is high, the number of collisions increases, therefore retransmissions increases decreasing the throughput. 4. Congestion Window: The maximum number of bytes that a TCP sender is allowed to transmit with the assumption that Congestion will not be triggered with the given amount of data. In simple words, it is the amount of data that the sender can transmit without creating congestion in the network. Practically, the sender adjusts the congestion window according to the current condition of the network.Problem 1: Simulate three nodes point-to-point networks with duplex links between them. Set the queue size and vary the bandwidth and find the number of packets dropped. Solution: Step 1: Create a New Project Step 2: Create the Network * Select Object Palette box, * Select Client_server from drop down menu. Ss * Choose eth4_ }_multihomed_client objects (3 numbers). + Choose Application Config, and Profile Config objects. * Select ethernet from Object Palette. * Choose 10baseT link and connect in Fig 2.) * Close the Object Palette box. t the client nodes. (as shown no%%G wuvyw VvwuvvvvvvvyvVvVVY YPwwuyrvrwrvrr eee Fig 2. Point-to-Point Network Step 3: Configure the Network Application * Select Application config object. * Right click and select Edit Attributes. | eer, { i uf JSBORRdR00 SeG00 |uy wy, wees twwwwuvuVvWuYY: wwuvuuvvwvy * Select Application Definitions => set row = 1, + In row go to row0 => set Name = video. Select description => set Video Conferencing = High Resolution Video. * Click Ok. Step 4: Configure the Profile + Select Profile config object, + Right click and select Edit Attributes. * Select Profile Configuration. Set row = * In row0, set Profile Name = video profile. Select Applications. Set row=1.Go to row0 set Name = video, Start Time Offset to constant(1), in Repeatability, Inter Repetition Time to exponential(0.1) and Number of Repetition to unlimited and Repitation Pattern to concurrent. In Repeatability, Inter Repetition Time to constant (1) and Number of Repetition to exponential (0.1) and Repitation Pattern to concurrent. * Click Ok, for any ambiguity in the above steps, please refer to the diagram below. Hote loa | @ b 6 ® hi 2 6 ® b ® } He Ee ‘eee le @ eS ig t - ® t el ® ki ® fh: fe # > aes @ oF - ® b ® Cpeoe a 5 y ] le 4Step 5: Configure Network Objects + Select any eth4_slip4_multihomed_client. Right click and Select Similar Nodes. Right click and select Edit Attributes. Select Application Support Profiles => set rows to 1. In rows => go to row0 => set Profile Name = video profile. Select Application Support Services. Select edit => set rows =1. Set Name = video for that row. rc aes 4 Oitornmcn ‘ . geet } a > B deh wen oad i 1 newct Lal cies VVUePVVvvvwyVVvvVvVUus ee Select IP Processing Information => set Memory Size to 8MB => set Datagram Forwarding Rate to 5000, * Check Apply Changes to Selected Objects. * Click Ok. were TV Y REV YyMaeFees T ry MET ee 9 PUI S CUTTY METVY FMEA ee Te a reel @ Crt sane deo prtte | @ | ovicaton: Simpoted Services @ @® Seale Pooesee Ate henge @ GIEGRP Peranaters a @LBIHSFP Peneten Net Congr @ ICRP Poorten a @ LP Hatcon Paavo Dea [:Pooeeeng Sohere Backlane Tandy Pate be Hostoyan Swtcheg Rae packan' -Daagen Fowarna aie |FFerartng Rat Urs Cerone ys) 1 85 Chagento Sect Obacte [——— otra Step 6: Selecting Statistics for viewing results + Right click on the work space and select choose individual statistics => in Global Statistics go to IP, select traffic dropped + In Node Statistics => select IP =>Traffic Dropped (Packets/Sec), Traffic Received (Packets/Sec) and Traffic Sent (Packets/Sec). © Click Ok. ‘Step 7: Run the simulation * Click run simulation icon from the toolbar. * Set the Duration to 10 seconds. * Click Run. Step 8: View Results + Right click on the work space and select View Results. + Select the statistics from the View Results. + Select Sampie Sum instead of As Is. + Click Show button to view the graphs.Cenmen bs Ate] Oj atte] Rests | nmaton| | stvaced|Envronment Fe} ox evvVvVV HUY VVeVVY VeVVV Vee yee eeevuvvuuvvvvuVvVUVUuVUV UY eee eee. To Vary Bandwidth and Queue Size: 1. Select Duplicate Scenario from Scenario menu. Name the scenario. 2. You can vary the queue size and bandwidth by changing the values of Memory size and Datagram Forwarding Rate as in Step 5 of the procedure above. Change it to 16 Mb and 10000 respectively. 3. Run the Simulation. You can compare the results by clicking on Compare Results from the Results menu. Ideally the number of packets dropped must be less and should resemble this graph. 18xs ete ® Cre”. % wevwvvvVvVvVv Vwi Problem 2: Simulate a four-node point-to-point network, the links as follows: and connect n0->n2, n1->n2 and n2->n3. Apply TCP agent changing the parameters and determine the number of packets sent/received by TCP/UDP. Solution: Step 1: Create a New Project Step 2: Creating network topology: * Select eth4_slip4_multihomed_client (4 numbers) from the client_server tool in Object Palette. elect an ethernet_server, Select ethernet from Object Palette. Connect them using the 10BaseT links. Select Application Config and Profile config objects. Step 3: Configuring network application + Right click on the Application definition object. Select Edit Attributes, Select 2 rows for applications Select the FTP application for TCP traffic and set the traffic to High Load.ve uMuyuew VuVeY euvuvuuvuveuvwveurs CHV VY Powe =F Ve + Select the video conferencing application for UDP traffic and set the traffic to High-Resolution Video. * Check Apply Changes to Selected Objects and click Ok. BBeSSSE8E8e BQEQRGE8E008 88000 i 5 3 Cece Brow Fane cao oatstare Fens be Fhe Fein Rene Log Vieo Cotstencng lvoe Step 4: Configure profile a on or or of of or on Hh Resotson Vio on Sl * Right click on Profile Definition object and select Edit Attributes. + TCP profile: Assign the values for the various fields as shown in the Fig. below. * Click on Apply Changes to Selected Objects and click on OK. 20e SV FOvyY Serv X.teyeve. MOET VIRGO V FT MGCV IND 90D ® @ Fane of ® F Stat tne Meter) costa {2 HDusonticons) Ente Poe @ DiRepectatay ta ® Hirtesepetion Tine (sec. conta (1) @ FNunbet ot Repetition: Umted ® CrepttonPonen Cornet @ f Speation Mode Seria [Orderec) 1@ Estate pec conte @ tous icons Eldon aaa ci © ievapion tees) canta) ® Nutro Repetione Uris ® _ Lpeaterrnan Comet i, Bet 2 ir Tie “s} Hl Eben 1 @ ~ Prdtetane ose I @® EiApoiications: ha 2 - Lrowe i Elon ® Hane “* lo [Sion Tie Ofer) crt) io Hosoi teces) Enel Palle io Elenetiy uo (0 Fleet Tren. conta !@ Number ot Repetions —Urlited le hepationPatn—Genewert [@ | openton'ode Sedo) 1 Sortie ects cont | a ephaset ie ® ens ee "Abas Nunta ot Repetione ‘Hoo LSl seed crt Ent Sete.) Endo! Sindaion a -La ; | iene coe cata (1) Undid LRepettion Pate Concent z La uo trent gy 5 asp Charge Sea Obcts | D __ eat 21evvvvVVTVUVU VV YY VV YD, SEV YE VvV YV.4.8 3 FY Step 5: Configure the network objects + Right click on the appropriate object i.e. client node or ethernet server. Select Edit Attributes, Click on Application Supported Profiles and choose edit, Apply both the profiles to the client nodes. Click Ok. Click on Application Supported Services and choose edit. * Apply the FTP application in case of Ethernet server object and for client nodes select the Video application. * This is to simulate FTP-TCP-IP for Server and Video-UDP-IP for client nodes. + Click Ok. * Check Apply Changes to Selected Objects and click on Ok. Step 6: Choose statistics: + Right click on the workspace and Select Choose Individual Statistics from Node Statistics as shown below. Ee RIN 9) Leostpaces) Bl Loot actt0) HN Fetanaisson ork HIB Tite Pecied es!) | Tac Fecoved Packets) Tale Sn ene Tae Sent Packt) Video Caled Pay, IBY Vero Cag Pay { | BHF Titi Reon scht/ec) Toe Gevccin Sim Le 5 Veo Coteereng ace Aopleson Voce Cab Paty Voce Cry Pay Lek Sie mf, Lorca x : Run the simulation * Click run simulation icon from the toolbar. * Set the Duration to 15 seconds © Click Run,ywwyw FT V@REV VIEL CU RGCCV TSG Vi8'® vv Step 8: View Results * Right click on the work space and select View Results. ‘+ Select the statistics from the View Results. 1 ange pun BM UDP Tic Recaro Packed Le Interpretation: Notice the difference in scale in the Y-Axis. For TCP the range is in 1000s and in UOP in 10000s. This means the amount of data sent and received in UDP is much higher than that in UDP, which implies a higher data rate and therefore a higher data loss. These graphs show that for UDP the loss rate is high especially since this is a video conferencing application with high data rate. However for TCP, since congestion contro! is applied the loss rate is less and we see a more even graph with less loss. 23Problem 3: Simulate the different types if internet traffic such as FTP, TELNET over a network and analyze the throughput. Solution: Step 1: Create a New Project Step reate the Network + Select Object Palette box. + Select Intenet toolbox from drop down menu. + Choose Application config, profile Config, four ethernet_wkstn, one ethernet_server, and two ethernet4_slip8_gtwy routers. * Connect both routers together with a bidirectional PPP_DS1 Connect the workstations and the server to the routers using bidirectional 10Base_T links as shown below YeBGEVY ECV YEU F FE 9.8 . ° » » > ‘Step 3: Configure the Network Application . + Select Application config object. > * Right click and select Edit Attributes. e * For another scenario change the load of the application. : + For FTP change low load to high load > + For Remote login change low load to high load. » Pa » >, >, > 24wvvwrvwvyvvvvs FES vvwvvvwvvuV wy, vw wv Step 4: Configure the Profile Select Profile config node. Right click and select Edit Attributes. oe = ss a Rie ——— 2 8 : " ss $ = é lb a 3 = 3 & 3 ae Bi = eae bey Seas ha ee S _jrmee So | —— §.. ee ee 3 Pessoiiesad he Step 5: Configure Network Objects Select similar Ethernet work station for configuring theSv "VEY VIVE Tyrer YUYEGOVE GEV Y M408 99.9 eed sel el + Configure the server for supporting the FTP and Telnet Service. 26x YY%.uVvyes ye VV UV YU VY YLwEY > wevuvvd Beyvyvw.48 35 HS ‘Step 6: Selecting Statistics for viewing Right click on the work space and select choose individual statistics => in Link Statistics go to point to point, select Throughput(packets/sec) * Click Ok. Step 7: Run the simulation ¢ Click run simulation icon from the toolbar. * Set the Duration to 20 seconds. * Click Run. Step 8: View Results : * Right click on the work space and select View Results. * Change As Is to Sample sum EERE EE 27ee eyvyvyv.4¥.8 2 FS x wv wwwvwwy wvuvy , 3 Please Note: If you do not get the shape of the graph as above, increase the duration of the simulation. Result Interpretation: Throughput: The actual rate at which information is sent over a channel. It is measured in bits/second or frames/second. 1. Compare the results of the tow load and high load scenarios and select Cumulative Distribution Function instead of As Is to get a graph which looks like above. 2. We see that in the low load scenario (Scenario 2) the throughput is distributed in the 200-400 region, whereas in high load scenario (Scenario 1) the throughput is very much limited in the 0-200 region (80% probability). 3. Thus, when the load is increased, the data rate is increased, causing more collisions, therefore data loss , which in turn causes retransmissions. So we see due to high traffic throughput is reduced due to collision. 28wTvuvuHYTVvVvVUYT UV VU VV VUV VY EVV YLVegYvyvVv steve es Problem 4: Simulate the transmission of ping messages over a network topology consisting of 6 nodes ad find the number of packet dropped. Solution: Please Note: The Topology below shows only 4 nodes. If you increase it to six nodes as given in the question, the results remain as depicted in the manual. Step 1: Create a new Project. Step 2: Create the network: Select four Ethernet work stations from Ethernet tools in object palette. Select an Ethernet16 hub from Ethernet tools in object palette. Connect the components using 10Base_T links. Select the IP attribute definition from Ethernet tools in object palette. Select IP_ping_traffic object palette. The Scenario would like as shown below : from internet tools in 29IL LIT ILIAC ILE TS vv wwvevVvVvIVvVvY’ Step 3: Configuring the IP Attribute Definition object. + Right Click on IP Attribute Definition object in work space. * Select Edit Attribute=>IP Ping Parameters. * Set parameters as shown below. Please Note: It is 10Base T Connectior hub in a Star Topology. It is a’PING Model between the nodes. You 30wy v Vey Ev Mye2F 9 evvuvvVv Vee EV YUU +] (node_8) Attributes Type: [Diities iz aa "4 ‘Albu @ [model 1® LEIP Compression Information |@ EP Micast FP nfmation 1@ BaP Ping Paometes brow Apply Changes to Selecied Objects ee Step 4: Configuring IP Ping Links: Value “i IP Atte Config Standatd Congression Scherr No P lnfermabon G 2 2) te Unkinted Teabled Record Routes.) ft P Advanced «Right Click on any one IP ping link and select similar Demands. * Select any one Ping link and Edit its attributes as below:9s VO FV EIS VU PG FPG ee www ree Ses (eied ‘Aluibate Vauo ad ® creme rode_10-> rode_11 ® Frese ie ora uote ® |b description Represents IP Ping Traffic Ader ntmaton @_[Ping Pattern Detoutt } Intertepetition Time (sec) | Manimum Repetition Court @ oecte ® Uygwet orer ‘constant (1) Unkerted pele pes T Apply Changes to Selected Objects [Bent Step 5: Choose Individual Statistics: Right click on the work space and choose individual statistics. Node Statistics => IP => ( Ping Replies, Ping Request Sent, Ping Response Time, Traffic Dropped)svg vvwwdv QVI PL VPP Ue rT Us F.%¢ et Client Remate Log Pu Custom Application EtherChanre! Ethernet IGMP Host a Background Traffic Delay => (see) ae Backroan Tratc Delo (0s) Backfound Tac Pn lye) Brosdca TafeRected pact) Broadcast Tale Set peck) Mutcast Tie Received packet es) Mulia ate Seuacteerte) Fra Revies Recmvedpnch oo i Pg Reqiests Set (packet), aeKETs/sec) rae 8 2/200) HEP intetace IP Processor Feemote Storage Cen Feemote Storage Server Requesting Clert Custom Application Responding Clent Custom Application RSVP Server obs Step 6: Duplicate the scenario * In this scenario remove any link between the hub and workstation. The scenario may look like this: ‘Step 7.Run the Simulation: * Click on Run Button & * Set Duration to 100 seconds. * Click on Run. Step 8: View and Compare the results: 33Result Interpretation: When node 12 is disconnected both the ping packets are dropped. This is shown in justified by the graph. We see similar results for node 11 and node 9 which must drop 1 packet. However there should be no change for node 10. Packet generation rate is 1 ping packet per destination per second.wwewrwvvvvvs sR 3 MG wewwevvwvwvvuvwvvwwvvuyY Problem 5: Simulate an Ethernet LAN using N nodes (6-10). Change the data rate and compare throughput and bit error rate. Solution: Step 1: Create a New Project Step 2: Create the network + Select topology=>rapid configuration. From the drop down menu choose star and click Ok. + In the rapid configuration dialog : star box , set the following values: Central node model = ethernet16_hub, Periphery node model = Ethernet _station, Link model = 10baseT. Please Note: If for some reason, these components do not appear in the configuration box, you can choose it from the object palette as usual. + The scenario would look like as shown below: Step 3: Configuring Ethernet Stations: + Right click on any Ethernet station => Select similar nodes => Edit Attributes + Set Traffic generation parameters and Packet Generation Arguments. * Check Apply changes to selected objects. * Click Ok. 35_wevvuvs sam Problem 5: Simulate an Ethernet LAN using N nodes (6-10). Change the data rate and compare throughput and bit error rate. Solution: Step 1: Create a New Project Step 2: Create the network + Select topology=>rapid configuration, From the drop down menu choose star and click Ok. + In the rapid configuration dialog : star box , set the following values: Central node model = ethernet16_hub, Periphery node model = Ethernet _station, Link model = 10baseT. Please Note: If for some reason, these components do not appear in the configuration box, you can choose it from the object palette as usual. + The scenario would look like as shown below: Step 3: Configuring Ethernet Stations: + Right click on any Ethernet station => Select similar nodes => Edit Attributes * Set Traffic generation parameters and Packet Generation Arguments, * Check Apply changes to selected objects. © Click Ok. 35Sree Vea vode_2 het ston a an HON State Tie end era (100) Lore ‘ont (9) Oo Femara scone] contr.) Packs Se yes ete 6, 1500) segraiaionSze(ifes] No Segnetatn Stop Tee oon Neve wewvvvwovses 939 6p Changes Sled Ot eo Step 4: Choose Statistics + Right Click on work space => Choose Individual Statistics * In Link Statistics => low level point-to-point=> bit error per packet © => point-to-point =>throughput[packets/sec] -> & <- * Click OK Step 5: Run Simulation * Click on Run Button & * Set Duration to 70 seconds * Click Run Step 5: View & Compare results: + Change the data rate by changing the inter arrival time + Scenario 1 : inter arrival time is constant 1 * Scenario 2 : inter arrival time is constant 0.1 22.4% UVF MZVIFT aU.Result Comparison: The data rate is changed by changing the Inter Arrival Rate. First Scenario Constant 1 implies the interarrival rate is less than Constant 0.1, Second Scenario. When Interarrival time increases, data rate increases implying that the throughput is increased as long as there is no collision. Therefore, the results should be similar to the results of problem 3. 37 eer e¢ Ges @ FF er e”a’s S&S FT EG.. w www. Problem 6. Simulate a Ethernet LAN using N nodes and set multiple traffic nodes and determine the collisions across different nodes. Solution: Step 1: Create a New Project Step 2: Create the Network * Select Object Palette box. Select Intenet toolbox from drop down menu. Choose Application config, profile Config, four ethernet_wkstn, one ethernet_server, and one ethernet16 hub(from Ethernet menu). Connect the Ethernet workstation and the Ethernet server to the Ethernet16 hub using bidirectional 10Base_T links as shown below. Step 3: Configure the Network Application + Select Application config object. * Right click and select Edit Attributes, 38Step 5: Configure Network Objects * Configuring the Ethernet work station for supporting profiles: wywvvuvvwvss SRE >ps : A 3 } $ % $ >, 3 » : > 3 » # . i » ae », Step 4: Configure the Profile » * Select Profile config node. * Right click and select Edit Attributes. » r y ig 0 3 5 > ofe Pen ee ° 2 ss. 2 ' P 3 Boca Se » 13 Rae 14 a \3 : 1g é 3 3 : 3 : 3 \3 i f ig °S 3 ‘ (Fees ' Please Note: Be careful to set Start Time as Constant 1, otherwise you would get a blank graph. 3933 vwywypywvvvwvsess 8 . > . . », > > » > > > > » > . > > e eee Step 6: Selecting Statistics for viewing * Right click on the work space and select choose individual statistics => in Node Statistics go to Ethernet select Collision Count * Click Ok. Step 7: Run the simulation * Click run simulation icon from the toolbar. * Set the Duration to 20 seconds. * Click Run. Step 8: View Results * Right click on the work space and select View Results. 41wevwvvvvuvvuwvVvuvVvVvWVw VY Ree vve ses ass Br roca Recaes 42Result Interpretation: * Choose Overlaid Statistics instead of Stacked Statistics. + Select the collision counts of all nodes. + Choose Histogram( Sample distribution) instead of As Is. ‘+ Press Show you will be prompted for sampling interval. Enter 50. You should get a graph similar to this. (GB Frequency sorping teal = 50 of Ethene: Cb veyevurvuvve ed 93959 >{ Oe s SUC CV UVC EU EEUU ECUTY EEC VY UDI 99 Problem 7: Simulate an Ethernet LAN usin traffic nodes and plot thi source/destination. ig N nodes and set multiple € congestion window for different Solution: Step 1: Create a New Project Step 2: Create the Network Select Object Palette box. Select internet_toolbox from drop down menu. Choose ethernet_wkstn objects (3 numbers), Choose ehternet_server object (1 number). Ethernet16hub(1) from Ethernet tool box Choose Application Config, and Profile Config objects. Choose 10baseT link and connect the nodes. * Close the Object Palette box. Step 3: Configure the Network Application Select Application config object. Right click and select Edit Attributes, Select Application Definitions => set row = 2, In row go to row0 => set Name = ftp, Select description => set ftp = > High Load. In row go to row1 => set Name = voice, => set voice = > GSM Quality Speech, * Check Apply Changes to Selected Objects. Select description 44evuvvvevvuvievvyv CMEC Y YUE 2 HYD wuvvwued * Click Ok. 99088 Preteen S099 eeesse 3 Resesee: Step 4: Configure the Profile + Select Profile config node Right click and select Edit Attributes. Select Profile Configuration. Set row = 2. In row0, set Profile Name = ftp profile. Select Applications, Set row=1.Go to row0 set Name = ftp, Start Time Offset to constant(1), in Repeatability, Inter Repetition Time to €xponential(0.1) and Number of Repetition to unlimited and Repetition Pattern to concurrent. * At row set Name = ftp, Start Time Offset to constant(1), in Repeatability, Inter Repetition Time to exponential(0.1) and Number of Repetition to unlimited and Repetition Pattern to concurrent. * In row1, set Profile Name = voice profile. Select Applications. Set row=1.Go to row set Name = voice, Start Time Offset to constant(1), in Repeatability, Inter Repetition Time to exponential(0.1) and Number of Repetition to unlimited and Repetition Pattern to concurrent, At row1 set Name = video, Start Time Offset to constant(1), in Repeatability, Inter Repetition Time to €xponential(0.1) and Number of Repetition to unlimited and Repetition Pattern to concurrent. Check Apply Changes to Selected Objects. 45Cevgvvvue se 8.3 9 9 “Cuvws YR Vveuy ovvvvvdvVvVvvdyl:, Step Click Ok. eeeeese | esessesaees 050 6: 5 : Configure Network Objects Select any Ethernet_wskt. Right click and Select Similar Nodes. Right click and select Edit Attributes. Select Application Support Profiles => set rows to 2. In rows => go to row0 => set Profile Name = ftp profile In rows => go to row1 => set Profile Name = voice profile. Select Application Support Services. Select edit => set rows =1. Set Name = voice for that row. Check Apply Changes to Selected Objects. Click Ok. 46COCKS VIR eee SCvVvVvvwVvUuVvVTeeVvYV Cer re.2 ey 9. + Select ethernet_server object. + Right click and select Edit Attributes, 47PML UV IM. uw eovvvuvuvvw! LOY UME Y VO8 wy yes * Select Application Support Services. Select edit => set rows =1. Set Name = ftp for that row. * Check Apply Changes to Selected Objects. * Click Ok. Step 6: Selecting Statistics for viewing : + In Node Statistics => select TCP Connection => select Congestion Window Size (bytes). * Click Ok. Reha Seve Caan ht =| been ano acwe Window Soe ae) $B ference fort Step 7: Run the simulation * Click run simulation icon from the toolbar. * Set the Duration to 20 seconds. * Click Run. 48yee ueyNY rower ee ~~ - women eS wy EYE PS -—~wr- Problem 8: Simulate simple BSS and with transmitting nodes in wireless LAN by simulation and determine the performance with respect to transmission of packets. Soluti Please Note: Make sure to choose Meters while creating the Topology. If not, the messages will be sent by the Wireless LAN (Adhoc Network)nodes, but not received by other nodes as the Physical geographic range of wireless transmission by the nodes in the adhoc network via Bluetooth is limited. Step 1: Create a New Project Step 2: Create the Network + Select Object Palette box. * Select wireless_lan_adv from drop down menu. * Choose wlan_station_adv(fix) object (4 numbers). 30as Fe Oe SY EE OO ST OTST TT RET OVO OF SF Step 3: Configure the Network Application (Select Topology icon ~>open Annotation Palette - >(choose circle) and include all 4 nodes in a circle annotation.) * Select any wlan_station_adv object in the workspace. + Right click on the selected object and Select Similar Nodes. * Right click and select Edit Attributes. * Select Traffic Generation Parameters => set Start Time to constant (@) => set ON State to constant (100) => set OFF State to constant (0). Please Note: If the field to set Start Time to constant(1) is disabled for some reason, please change the value from ‘Never’ to ‘Not Used’. * Select Packet Generation Arguments =>set Interarrival Time to exponential(1). * Check Apply Changes to Selected Objects * Click Ok, SIrows eee ~ Vu Vvuvvweowrwy ve evuvvwy a —— ® cre @ brea @ fOrdnainAdsens @ Eline Granion Pametes Df Sit toeirecons) '® Fonsi tne teco) DL OF Sie moe Freer ses ie! ‘err 024) Eseqeriten eto) Naagmraen @ | (Supt ce @ bvseutaunacAdens (@ lvreewlat Poses ol ® Pineal Tne ® ® Step 4: Selecting Statistics for viewing: * Right click on the workspace and select Choose Individual Statistics. + In Node Statistics => select Wireless LAN => select Data Traffic Revd (packets/sec) and select Data Traffic send (packets/sec). BY Saco Stan) * Chena erate) DroeeedD aa Paka) DeoedDaa Paha gaches/ec) Meda Rcee Dele) Toate) loa Unk Step 5: Run the simulation * Click run simulation icon from the toolbar. * Set the Duration to 100 seconds. * Click Run, 52PLE SL RIMM. | 2 s%eWe “wwe evvwwwvvewwvyuwvy Step 6: View Results * Right click on the work space and select View Results. * Change As Is to Sample_Sum. ‘a soph fv Ln aye erdlpchtc 1B teint Ln Daa Tele Se case 53ATTA See « CITI Result Interpretation: In the result panel change As Is to Average. aioe ee a Rpt B Seep eucaes oas resonated We see that on an average 1 packet is sent per second and around 2.5 packets are received per second. This is because the transmissions of the other 3 stations are also being received by this station. There are some losses as well which can be seen by including global statistics (bit/sec). 54