1.
SNOW FUNGUS / TREMELLA FUCIFORMIS
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Tremellomycetes
Order: Tremellales
Family: Tremellaceae
Genus: Tremella
Species: T. fuciformis
It is also known as white fungus, silver ear, snow ear, white wood ear, Chrysanthemum
Mushroom, and white jelly mushroom due to its distinctive characteristics and the fact that it is
typically found attached to fallen branches of broad-leaved trees.
Its coloration varies from white to pale yellow, and its form is similar to underwater coral. It also
has a delicate, jelly-like feel that is virtually translucent.
In addition to Asia, where white fungus is frequently found, it may also be found in tropical
regions across the world, including as South and Central America, Australia, New Zealand, and
the Pacific Islands.
According to Indigo Herbs, Snow Fungus, which has a gelatinous structure and high levels of
polysaccharides, has been making news in modern cosmetics due to its amazing capacity to
increase skin moisture. Dermatologist Dendy Engelman, the head of dermatologic surgery at the
Metropolitan Hospital in New York City, explains the scientific justification behind this.
According to him, hyaluronic acid, a potent skin hydrator that can hold up to 1,000 times its
weight in water, functions similarly to how the fungus behaves.
2. MILK WHITE-TOOTHED POLYPORE FUNGUS / IRPEX LACTEUS
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Subphylum: Hymenomycotina
Class: Agaricomycetes
Subclass: Agaricomycetidae
Order: Polyporales
Family: Phanerochaeta
ceae
Genus: Irpex
Subject: Irpex
lacteus
A typical crust fungus found in temperate regions of the world is Irpex Lacteum. It belongs to
the Irpex genus. Irpex lacteus is a polypore however, depending on the growing environment, it
also has the ability to form a hydnoid hymenophore. It has a large number of synonyms as a
result of being frequently described as a new species to science due to the species' diversity
and abundance. It is dry, stiff, and white, off-white, or cream-colored. Adjacent patches often
fuse together creating a long row.
It is common on decaying branches.
3. TRAMETES PUBESCENS
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Polyporales
Family: Polyporaceae
Genus: Trametes
Species: T. pubescens
Trametes pubescens is a small, thin polypore, or bracket fungus. It has a cream-colored, finely
velvety cap surface. Unlike most other turkey tail-like species of Trametes, the cap surface lacks
strongly contrasting zones of color.
Trametes pubescens is an annual, saprobic fungus, a decomposer of the deadwood of
hardwoods, growing in clusters on logs, stumps and downed branches. (It is rarely reported on
conifer wood.) It is a purported plant pathogen, infecting peach and nectarine trees.[1] It is
inedible.[2]
ACKNOWLEDGE
4. SPLIT GILL FUNGI/ SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Schizophyllaceae
Genus: Schizophyllum
Species: S. commune
Cap: White to gray; dry; densely hairy; fan to shell-shaped
in lateral attachment, saucer-shaped when centrally
attached.
Gills: Gill-like folds are white to gray or pinkish-gray; hairy;
split lengthwise.
Spore print: White.
Stipe: Absent or simply a narrow extension of the cap.
Veil: Absent.
Edibility: Inedible.
Comments: One way to explain the fruit body is as a
compressed radiates make up a complex structure.
cupules. There are two edges that resemble what look like gills.
It is made up of neighboring cupules with growing marginal tissue.
The "gill" appears to be divided. The species grows saprophytically (on dead wood)
or, in rare cases, parasitically (on living wood).
Mexico and various other tropical nations frequently consume the species because it is
edible. However, because to different taste preferences and perhaps partly because of
its harsh texture, it is regarded as inedible in the US and Europe. While it is one of the
most highly regarded edible mushrooms in the Mizo population in Mizoram, it is a
beloved component in Manipuri's Paankam in North-East India. Extracts from the
Schizophyllum commune plant have antibacterial and antifungal activities, making them
suitable antimicrobial agents.
Lectin from commune exhibited mitogenic activity in mice splenocytes as well as anti-
proliferative, inhibitory, and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-active properties.
The polysaccharide Schizophyllan, which is produced by Schizophyllum commune, has
significant anti-cancer action. It has been demonstrated to be effective for treating
recurring and inoperable stomach cancer and extending the survival periods of patients
with head and neck cancer without causing any negative side effects. In commune,
polysaccharides and phenolic substances exhibit antioxidant effects. In order to prevent
or lessen oxidative damage, it may be advantageous for human health to include this
mushroom in the diet on a regular basis.
phenolic compounds and polysaccharides found in S. commune demonstrate anti-
oxidant qualities. To retain pleasing tastes, smells, and textures in food goods as well as
a longer shelf life, oxidation must be regulated.
5. PYCNOPORUS COCCINEUS
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Polyporales
Family: Polyporaceae
Genus: Pycnoporus
Species: P. coccineus
The order Polyporales, which is the dominant group of wood decayers in
temperate and tropical woods, contains the worldwide group of basidiomycete
fungus known as Pycnoporus. The lignocellulose found in dead wood and the
wood of standing trees makes a substantial contribution to the storage of carbon
on land. Pycnoporus fungus have the ability to break down the aromatic
and saccharide polymers in wood, which contributes to the global carbon cycle. P.
coccineus is a viable model to comprehend the difficulties of deconstructing
softwood biomass and its utilization in biorefinery operations. Pycnoporus
became a popular genus for biotechnological applications in the early 1990s after
emerging as a remarkable resource for discovering new enzymes for effective
biomass breakdown or transformation. Pycnoporus species were initially
emphasized for their original metabolic pathways involved in the conversion of
aromatic compounds found in plant cell walls into high-value molecules, such as
aromas and antioxidants, as well as for their potential to produce a variety of
enzymes of industrial interest, such as glycoside hydrolases and lignin oxidases.
Particularly oxidases are of significant interest for the biodegradation of
xenobiotics, industrial toxins, and organopollutants as well as for the biopulping
and biobleaching of paper pulp. Among other ligninolytic enzymes, the genus
Pycnoporus is well recognized for its capacity to overproduce high redox potential
laccases, multi-copper extracellular phenoloxidases.
6. DALDINIA CONCENTRICA / COAL FUNGUS
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Subdivision: Pezizomycotina
Class: Sordariomycetes
Subclass: Xylariomycetidae
Order: Xylariales
Family: Hypoxylaceae[1]
Genus: Daldinia
Also known as King Alfred's cake, and cramp balls.
This saprobic fungus is ubiquitous and common in Britain and Ireland, as well as
much of continental Europe. It may also be found in North America, Australia, and
several other temperate nations.
The immature, pinkish-brown specimens are still developing throughout this
asexual stage, and during this time they release conidiospores, which are pinkish
white when seen in bulk and are pallid, nearly colorless spores. When the
fruitbodies are fully formed, they become black.
King Alfred's cakes resemble hard, oblong lumps of coal that have been adhered
to the surface of rotting wood. Their skin tones darken as they age. They take a
while to decay away and can last for many years on deadwood.
7. BRACKET FUNGUS
Common name Bracket fungus
Scientific name Various species in many
related genera of higher fungi
(Basidiomycotina)
Plants affected Many trees
Main symptoms Bracket-shaped fungus on
trunks or main branches
Caused by Fungus
Timing All year
Fungi called bracket, shelf, or polypore grow on the trunks and
branches of both live and dead trees. They may be seen all year round
since they are often strong and long-lasting. The fruiting structures of
several different fungus that induce heartwood deterioration in
standing trees are known as brackets. Although the fungal bodies or
brackets develop in the spring, summer, and fall, weak trees are
susceptible to falling at any time.
8. TWIG PARACHUTE / MARASMIELLUS RAMEALIS
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Marasmiaceae
Genus: Marasmiellus
Species: M. ramealis
On twigs and short branches of conifers and deciduous broadleaf trees,
Marasmiellus ramealis is a little white parachute-like mushroom that frequently
develops at or above head height. It first appears in the spring and returns
throughout the summer and fall. (Dead bramble stems with it are also frequent
sights.)
9. FAIRY INCAP/ COPRINELLUS DISSEMINATUS
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Psathyrellaceae
Genus: Coprinellus
Species: C. disseminatus
The Fairy Inkcap, Coprinellus disseminatus, rarely ventures forth alone or even
with just a few friends; more often it forms dense masses swarming over rotting
tree stumps and roots.
The Fairy Inkcap is a genuinely global mushroom, present throughout much of
Asia, South America, and Australia in addition to being common in Britain, Ireland,
and across Europe and North America. Coprinellus isseminates typically shows up
on stumps in woodlands in very huge trooping groups, with sporadic sightings in
shady hedgerows.
Previously, this species belonged to the Coprinus genus.
However, DNA analysis completely altered the taxonomy of that genus; Coprinus
was kept.
For a few species, multiple new genera were discovered.
formed, along with the Coprinaceae family members
were distributed among two households.- Psathyrellaceae and
Agaricaceae.
10. VELVET BRITTLEGILL/ RUSSULA VIOLEIPES
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Russulales
Family: Russulaceae
Genus: Russula
Species: R. violeipes
Russula violeipes, commonly known as the velvet brittlegill, is a species
of fungus in the family Russulaceae. It was described by French
mycologist Lucien Quélet in 1898.[2] An edible mushroom,[3] it is found
in Asia and Europe
11. WOOD EAR FUNGI / AURICULARIA AURICULA- JUDAE
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Auriculariales
Family: Auriculariaceae
Genus: Auricularia
Species: A. auricula-judae
The wood ear mushroom is a kind of fungus that grows on the bark of elder trees
and resembles a delicate brown ear as it develops. This kind of mushroom is well-
known for its crisp texture and capacity to absorb flavors in Chinese cooking. The
wood ear mushroom doesn't have much taste on its own, but because it has
several crevices, it works well for hiding pieces of the sauces it is combined with.
The wood ear mushroom is a traditional component in mu shu pork, Chinese stir-
fries, and hot and sour soup. A fungus with a dark-to-light brown color that
resembles a little crinkled ear is called a wood ear mushroom. We can also see
this mushroom being added as an ingredient in the famous filipino dish, pancit.
This mushroom can be found on deciduous trees and shrubs, mainly the elder
tree.
