5 Men and women: Long live the difference 5·7 1.

b
2. a
Questionnaire 3. b
1. Men 6. Men 4. a
2. Women 7. Women 5. c
3. Men 8. Women 6. b
4. Men 9. Women 7. F
5. Women 10. Men 8. T
5·1 Suggested answers: lovers, sexes, female, male, feminine, masculine, hormones, sexual development, ovaries, 9. F
testes, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, oxytocin, mother, father, caregiver, feminism, battle of the sexes, 10. T
Mr., Mrs. 11. T
5·2 Consult a dictionary for definitions. 12. F
1. n. 11. n. 13. Men and women come from diferent planets, and therefore they speak diferent languages and have
2. v. 12. n. diferent needs.
3. v. 13. v. 14. Feminism and the women’s liberation movement, plus the availability of birth control and legalized
4. v. 14. adj. abortion, changed women’s roles.
5. v. 15. v. 15. a. W b. M c. W d. M e. W f. W g. M h. W i. M j. W k. M l. M
6. v. 16. adj. 5·8 Suggested answers:
7. n. 17. v. 1. In order for love to grow and lourish, it needs to be nurtured and cared for.
8. v. 18. n. 2. Sometimes, men like to be close and intimate, but they also need to pull away and feel independent.
9. adj. 19. v. 3. Women’s emotional state moves up and down between feeling good about themselves and feeling
10. v. 20. n. depressed and vulnerable.
5·3 1. process 6. matured 4. Men like to be alone in their own space to think things out for themselves without being bothered
2. metaphors 7. gender by anyone else.
3. function 8. theme 5. Men ofer solutions to problems.
4. primary 9. role 6. Women like to give advice even when they are not asked for advice.
5. Intrinsic 10. passive 7. Men are more aggressive and active, like the Roman god of war.
8. Women are more caring and nurturing, like the Roman goddess of love.
5·4 1. a 6. c
2. b 7. b 5·9 Answers will vary.
3. c 8. a 5·10 1. W 6. M
4. c 9. b 2. M 7. W
5. c 10. c 3. M 8. W
5·5 1. d (v.) 6. e (n.) 4. W 9. M
2. a (v.) 7. h (n.) 5. W 10. W
3. i (n.) 8. j (v.) 5·11 Answers will vary.
4. f (v.) 9. c (n.)
5. b (n.) 10. g (n.)
5·6 1. ✓ 7. ✓
2. X 8. ✓
3. ✓ 9. X
4. X 10. ✓
5. ✓ 11. X
6. ✓ 12. ✓

222 Answer key Answer key 223

 6 Electric cars: Greener, cleaner driving 6·6 1. b
2. c
6·1 Suggested answers: vehicle, miles, automobile, engine, gas/gasoline, acceleration, traic, highway, roads, 3. a
parking lots, shoulder belts, headrests, catalytic converters, air bag, economy cars, exhaust, driving range, 4. b
drivers, carmakers, trucks, internal combustion engine, taxis, delivery vehicles, buses, rental cars, 5. b
service station, hybrids, sedan, coupe, SUV, pickup 6. c
6·2 Consult a dictionary for definitions. 7. T
1. stable, stabilize 8. T
2. legislative, legislate 9. F
3. globe, globalize 10. F
4. abandonment 11. T
5. consideration, considerable 12. F
6. consumption, consumable 13. he price of gasoline quadrupled, and people started buying more economical Japanese and European
7. excess, excessive cars, which forced American carmakers to produce economy cars.
8. generation, generative 14. In 1990, CARB stipulated that two percent of all cars sold in California be zero-emission in 1998, and ten
9. maintenance/maintainability, maintainable percent in 2003. he automobile industry tried to ight CARB, and only GM developed an electric car to
10. registration meet the mandate’s requirements.
11. termination/terminal, terminal 15. A series hybrid uses a small gasoline or diesel engine to generate the power that drives an electric motor
12. contribution, contributory, contribute and recharges the battery pack; a parallel hybrid switches between a gasoline engine and an electric motor.
13. decline 16. Electric cars have zero emissions, are cheaper to operate, have 90 percent eiciency, and reduce
14. luctuation dependency on oil.
15. range 17. Hybrid cars are light, compact, quiet, and fuel- and energy-eicient, and shut of automatically at traic
16. vehicular lights.
17. — 6·7 1. b 6. a
18. — 2. b 7. b
19. — 3. a 8. b
20. converse 4. b 9. a
6·3 1. consider 11. consume 5. a 10. b
2. annual 12. versions 6·8 Suggested answers:
3. Conversely 13. vehicles 1. In 60 years, the number of registered vehicles and miles driven per household increased twice as fast
4. terminate 14. generate as the number of households.
5. declining 15. luctuate 2. In 50 years, the number of American households owning three or more cars increased nearly tenfold.
6. contributors 16. abandon 3. Japan produced one third of the world’s cars in 2008. Car sales in China are projected to grow tenfold /
7. maintain 17. legislation to skyrocket.
8. range 18. devices 4. In 20 years, CO2 emissions from the U.S. transportation sector increased measurably.
9. global 19. exceed 5. he price of gasoline quadrupled.
10. stability 20. register 6. Five times as many zero-emission cars had to be sold in California by 2003.
6·4 1. c (n.) 6. h (adj.) 7. EV1s had a limited driving range.
2. g (v.) 7. d (n.) 8. It would take signiicantly more EVs to produce the same amount of CO2 emitted by one conventional
3. j (n.) 8. i (n.) automobile.
4. f (n.) 9. e (n.) 6·9 Answers will vary.
5. b (v.) 10. a (v.)
6·10 Answers will vary.
6·5 1. increasing, faster
2. major
3. has not been
4. he price of oil, government regulation
5. were not, pressure from the automotive and oil industries
6. are
7. has proven
8. making cars more energy-eicient and environmentally friendly
9. unlikely

224 Answer key Answer key 225

 7 DNA ingerprinting: Condemning evidence 7·6 Paragraph 2: Before DNA arrived on the scene, digital ingerprints were the key to determining an
individual’s identity.
7·1 Suggested answers: crime scene, crime-solving, police detective, forensic technician, evidence, hearing, Paragraph 3: DNA testing would not be where it is today without the discoveries of British geneticist Alec
ofender, innocent, guilty, execute, prison, commit a crime, murderer, ingerprint, convicted, criminal, rape, Jefreys and American biochemist Kary Mullis.
murder, suspect, confess, killer, perpetrator, arrest, accused, defendant, defend, lawyer, investigator, detective, Paragraph 4: In 1987, RFLP was used for the irst time in the investigation into the rape and murder of two
FBI, RCMP, law enforcement, judges, court, cold case, prison sentence, sexual assault, sentence, charged, young girls.
victim Paragraph 5: While Alec Jefreys was carrying out his lengthy research, Kary Mullis worked out, one night
7·2 Consult a dictionary for definitions. in 1983, an ingenious method to increase the amount of DNA available for testing.
1. detectable, detect Paragraph 6: Before DNA testing became a standard feature of the criminal justice system, legal hurdles had
2. evaluative, evaluate to be cleared.
3. investigation, investigative, investigate Paragraph 7: Without standardization or scientiic evaluation of their methods, these companies were
4. sequential, sequence engaged more in competing for dominance in a very proitable ield than in ensuring the quality of their
5. legality, legalize services.
6. violence, violate Paragraph 8: In the late 1980s, DNA testing achieved legitimacy with the involvement of governmental
7. analysis, analytical agencies.
8. assemblage Paragraph 9: In 1992, a two-year federally funded National Research Council study recommended that DNA
9. challenge, challenging/challenged evidence continue to be used in courts, and in 1994, the scientiic and law enforcement communities
10. exclusion, exclusive agreed that DNA evidence should be considered legitimate and admissible in court.
11. identiication, identiiable Paragraph 10: he widespread acceptance of DNA ingerprinting led to the establishment of DNA databases,
12. location beginning in Great Britain, where DNA evidence had been more widely embraced from the start.
13. implication, implicating Paragraph 11: In the United States, a law passed in 1994 laid the groundwork for the formation of a
14. removal, removable nationwide database.
15. accurate Paragraph 12: DNA ingerprinting was not only bringing criminals to justice, but was also freeing wrongly
16. expert, expert convicted persons from long prison sentences.
17. regional Paragraph 13: Despite DNA ingerprinting’s usefulness, signiicant issues temper its success.
18. availability, avail Paragraph 14: While lawmakers debate the legal uses of DNA ingerprinting, the science will continue
19. consequence to prove itself outside the crime lab and court of law.
20. obtainable 7·7 1. b
7·3 1. expertise 6. challenged 2. c
2. assembled 7. evaluation 3. a
3. sequence 8. obtained 4. b
4. analyze 9. accuracy 5. a
5. implicated 10. remove 6. b
7·4 1. b 6. a 7. F
2. a 7. b 8. T
3. a 8. a 9. T
4. c 9. c 10. F
5. a 10. a 11. F
12. T
7·5 1. d (n.) 6. g (n.) 13. DNA is present in all human cells and cannot be easily removed from the scene by the criminal.
2. a (adj.) 7. j (v.) 14. Innocent people are wrongly convicted of crimes because of mistaken identity, police misconduct, sloppy
3. i (adj.) 8. e (n.) forensics, an incompetent defense, and a false confession made under pressure.
4. h (adj.) 9. b (n.) 15. Mullis discovered the process of polymerase chain reaction, which made it possible to create billions of
5. c (v.) 10. f (n.) copies of DNA in a very short time.
16. Civil liberties organizations consider mandatory DNA testing an invasion of privacy and warn of the
dangers of such information being made available to employers or insurance companies.
17. DNA testing can be used to establish paternity and family relationships, to identify the remains of soldiers
missing in action, to match organ donors with potential recipients, to protect endangered plants and
animals, and to reconstruct human history through genetics.
7·8 1. a 4. b
2. a 5. a
3. b 6. b
7·9 1. b 4. a
2. a 5. b
3. a

226 Answer key Answer key 227

 7·10 Suggested answers:
Paragraph 2: Before DNA technology appeared, mainly digital ingerprints identiied criminals.
Paragraph 3: DNA technology wouldn’t exist without the work of a British geneticist and an American
biochemist.
Paragraph 4: Police employed RFLP in the late 1980s in order to solve two sexual assault and homicide cases.
Paragraph 5: Mullis discovered how to duplicate DNA in greater quantities for processing at the same time
that Jefries was carrying out his investigations.
Paragraph 6: Legal issues had to be settled before DNA was accepted as a common procedure.
Paragraph 7: In the absence of regulations, commercial laboratories put more efort into competition for
proits than providing accurate test results.
Paragraph 8: In the late 1980s, government action led to the recognition of DNA technology.
Paragraph 9: In 1992, a federally sponsored study supported the use of DNA evidence in court, and two years
later, scientists and police oicials agreed to acknowledge its legitimacy as evidence.
Paragraph 10: he recognition of DNA ingerprinting resulted in the creation of DNA databases in Great
Britain, where it had been accepted from the outset.
Paragraph 11: In the United States, 1994 legislation enabled the establishment of a national database.
Paragraph 12: In addition to convicting criminals, DNA evidence was getting innocent prisoners out
of prison.
7·11 Answers will vary.
7·12 Answers will vary.

8 Eco-cities: Building sustainable urban communities

8·1 Suggested answers: communities, population, urban, home, dwellers, megacities, residents, suburban centers,
public transportation, traic, garbage, metropolitan, citizens, slums, living conditions, city management,
municipal government, municipalities, settlements, buildings, urban sprawl, public services, green areas,
parks, architects, planners, residential apartments
8·2 Consult a dictionary for definitions.
1. administrative, administer
2. aggregate, aggregate
3. communal, commune
4. immigration, immigrant, immigrate
5. invest
6. residence, residential, reside
7. secure, secure
8. trendy, trend
9. visible/visionary, envision
10. demonstration, demonstrative
11. incorporation
12. achievement, achievable
13. link
14. concentrate
15. fund/funds, fund
16. phase in
17. shit
18. principal
19. —
20. —
8·3 1. phases
2. consists of
3. funding
4. concentration
5. community
6. infrastructure, investment
7. links
8. shit
9. principles

228 Answer key