cIASSMAte|

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Casjo aHT REERAC TION ACHIEUERS AAD EMY

RE EKACTLDN
The bending ot ay a tigutwhen it
Ero vels a o M ONe
nO wN a
*LAwS Of REERACTION
The iNúdent a y u e uelaactes aa y
aNd u e No aua| to ue iNtealaw
wo aanspane Nt ueuUM_Ot u e Poivt
0 ivcidence alL tie N Hue saue loave.
SNELL'C U
The Aaho o Sive gle údewce
o tue siNe o aNgle- t e aaction
aluays COta b
qiveN_colou _aNd pa a paia d
Media
SiN2 = CoutaNt|
sinn

CAUSED REERAETLON Of LIGHT

2 A MeliUM LDugu wuch \lakst caN pasS
0ataa nsitel is calle e a taia2ane Lt MeiUM
uea
beayta spa ueNt uelUM has a
OUn a s OPTICAL DENITY
po1o Peaty

is etated to
ophcal
Hae sPeed h E in tue.
MediuM-
 elASSMAL
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T PES Ot HEDIUM B AED ON

DPTICAL DESTy

OPTICALLY RARER OPTICALLY DENLERR

MEDIUM MEDIUM
2 Opical dasiy lou oPhca
speeoigh is spee i e iS
aste u lowse4

raue Speed D Lige iv ain is Ho

Ehan u e spe elOf iquein wwae
Soain_ is ophall ueLiuM
a coMpaselto wdtea

RARER To DENSER DENSER To RARER,

|-NORLI
NORMAt NCIDET
NUDET RAY DENSER
RAY
RA-RER
ARER
DENER

REER KTed
REERACTCR RAY
RAY
when a light Ha passes when l g t a
MediuM,it be Nds touwads aue MeliuM, i+ kads
Auny_OM h e NoMMaL
he Nom Mal
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Re MC ion Df liqht tak es plate hecauSe

Spee D ightchages wheN ukt 9pes
toa DtAe

REERACTIUE INDEX
Sneu's la w ateg ha
Sin = ouaNt == 2
Sinq
Thi Coslant is known aas Raltasiue Tulex
IN w u c h e a skes
ay taves w9t& Ha Me iUH iN
wuiu ivúdou 9aueli

Reluauhve
ueJolx iS a Heaju1e o D w HUcw
p epee es D gu LaaNeA wluen i
eke Mel iUM
TPes eatiue vd ex

solu Rlaaali ue Juex Keoaive Ke[Raci ve

+ is d wed as Hue 9 is dehed as tue
Kaho e Apee taio o &peec Uqu-
iN VCUM_Dn ai fo ue
Spend Ugue n u MdivM MalLuul-

N= Spees SU in alg yaceuM PLzT V

Speed 6 gut in maliUM V
Keaaeive Jler
OR
Sped i u t
 eIASSM
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Apees igue in aiu V

spe ed u t in u i UM2 V2

SpeeS gu in ualiUM V
D21

Re ua ahUe iuao sa puo

e NOMLU
ha yoUNE
Mei UM witu lagen Reuaai ue Judox
i ophca0 _dasen uan w otun.
Meli UM
cnouy on wlucl ualsoaive iNd ex_ o
Meliuu_dapeandA
Nakuue Su ateaia k uoi
2) Desiy ue oiuM
olan0 ualeugtu et ugkt

h Wh enN a ligue tay UNduyeey HKio

iklguoy tieuoi Ns w saue
i k wauaoAgtucuauges
i velpei ty chavgea
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RE RACTION Page

THROUaH A GaLASS SLAB

INCAIDENT
RAY-
ONge
i Aoute
RC
GLASS aNgle
e-augde
CUePu

MRB

6alena Dispaezueu
EMERGENT
RAY
KelaacioN eku place at o t He
SualaanA
S_oa n alas iNtealaL U
Po lalas=Ain inteace Le
I n g e t ay i paualle ta tue
ebgeu= ANgle SiucidaAes
e Le =E
Tw e yeNt uay has een_dUP laAd
loouis. 0oueh nao patu y a diutance XY.
hi auplauu is ule oas
Qaes diuplaceab
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E f ECTS Df RERACTI Oe nH1T

The ho Hou a tauk o a po d lle

wiu w
apfe toLe Aa ise
2 coiLN plau a u LDHO o_a Glasa
tuuhlenu appeauu o e Hase
3 wleas a
stua9u «od o a PoON O a

Lid 4 appean ko Le auan

0 beNh
aA od a N d | SPou

alto appeau
u Lido
) wueU ue kept iN wT Nab owl qlau
Luuble ow
uin aou

LESS
A tonu pari MediUM Du wd ywo
wi dw One0 ou AwuaoA a_Cu Ue is knDwn a\
asple'ira laws
TyPe
Convex Lent CoNuu
2 T N a COtHe
Thidk af tantne
hi a edges. >hick at e d g e
COMUeges qut Hay iuerges ugut gauS
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TERM NOLOy UseDIN LENSES

Onis
CL C2
to

i NCA Pal
AXiS
CoNVEX CONCAUEE

Opica cantare (o)_

i i s u e Cot les
COAtHe
paigHuaouqu_ ortica
dA uo S u e a n uiaioN
RINCi pal Axy
ougu
iuogIwauy ktaaiquA UNe uat Pases u
ue
Me COntoe 6 Cuuhue S ale
penu&
ue_cuulan ouuu e
Tw eeehve_d i a n e g S
pwial Qus Caled apeHue
i Ml o e
4qLauqlu ue_ levg i n
Rou O pa
will Le t w o
ny dinecion and hence utne
side of u e leNS a ana
n
PoniNCP ociDN eidAe
ocu and

Losd ivipal ocuw 6 eS

Pon TNC pa ou

SeLOnd Pinepu
fbeiitF) occ tE)
 CIASSMAte
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Chast eisepal ouuw G)

+i a Roi ON ue NPa aris
tew ucdu uat w Hays
Mauhguo t Con veresD
apieaui t Heat a uo poit CowaeeL
ate euaaion luoAue wo_sunca
6lesLecoe pauaa h du pijal
ue lev

Tw diutonLe eLO opHc Cote

u houst ocLU i Calle e iåut
Loca Pagt eS

SecNd Pauivuul Fous

ais leg
ula uat
e ate

boku tuù suaatev

le a s uaogh i s o i t
+o e (DHINg
Conuex lewt) b1 app ea

PoiNt CO aue levg)

 lens MoIN fous is h
Pon con Vex clASSMAte|
Pon CDncaLLo tent NaIn P o c u i fi |Date
Page

RULES FoR IM AaE FoR MATION IN LENSES

A ay pai vg unougu u e othca COte

le poeA UNduuatd Hougu ue lese

A_ au PasINg paua00) u e i r a s axis

unougu ue les
pas u1ough_
he kous

F F

) F Ou unougu uP ow oM_ lnected *owauds u e

o enalnastieu oLo ue lethfeoMe
p i nei pal aris

F F
 CIASSMA
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IAGES PoRHED y CoUEx LENS

O OSTECT T INfINITY LETWEEN TNAINIty D C

C2 Ca

A
IHAAE t
nea, Poit-S 3ed 6w F2 au C2
eal veme Sua

C
CT F

IHE At Cz
Rea, ieskeS, SaA- 2
Keal, ioute, venu g e
ETWE
BETwEeN Fad O

C2 C

7 ON Ae

hea NU ,enlase U1ualeneck, kuyen

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IMAGS Eo RHED Y CoNcHUE LENS

0beot aivh vitg

age A F
ViUalpoitsize

bbjeot w ophcal coatu aua inhrity

C2

uage G0ud
Viuua eeal SMa en
 cIASSMAte
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SIGN CoUENTiO FoR LENSES

object
Helo Di slawce ouand
LDistoue, towaudi
7
legt l-ve)_ gut GtUe)
Cue
tHeiqu
Do wnandA

uag
LENS
ota leaau e
Con e leu + v e Coaue te -ve
Po ER of LENS
Tue dgee S Conutaee0 iuwngenns s
iqut ays aten ueluaaH6n uaugu tue, le ls
Qxpueue in e u i S pouitn D le N Jis
doined a u or o ra 6koea leugku in uateea

P L Les to ula

owe Con weX leu +ue2

Youen S C o a leA -ve ME+ V
Ui bwr isdoptMe
oweno leg
Co NatLoy
4P4