Prepare for the General Knowledge Test UAG

Remote Pilot Certification with sUAS Rating

under 14 CFR Part 107

Supplemental Study Guide

 2

Table of Contents

Common Terms and Abbreviations ···························································································································· 3

FAA Recommended Supplementary Study Materials ································································································ 4

Percent Breakdown of Material on UAG Test ············································································································ 4

Link to Test Supplement and Sample Pages ··············································································································· 5

Topics Appearing on UAG Test ··································································································································· 6

Application Process and Related Links ······················································································································· 7

Airspace Classification ················································································································································ 8

Special Use Airspace ···················································································································································· 9

Other Airspace Issues ·················································································································································· 9

METAR Explanation ··················································································································································· 10

Related Thunderstorm Information ·························································································································· 10

Understanding a METAR ··········································································································································· 11

TAF Summary ···························································································································································· 11

Radio Communication Terminology ·························································································································· 12

Preflight Inspection Checklist ···································································································································· 13

Operational Limitations ············································································································································· 14

Waiver Related Links ················································································································································· 14

Risk Assessment & Aeronautical Decision Making ···································································································· 15

Additional Resource Links ·········································································································································· 16

Final Exam ·································································································································································· 17

Answer Key ································································································································································· 31

 3

Common Aviation Terms and Acronyms Used in This Course

AC Advisory Circular. An informational bulletin.

AGL Above Ground Level. Altitude relative to existing ground level.

ATC Air Traffic Control. Support system that supplies traffic control and ancillary services.

ASOS Automated Surface Observation System. Collects data on surface conditions.

AWOS Automated Weather Observing Station. Automated station for forecast data collection.

Class (Airspace) Designation of airspace that determines flight rules and control.

Control Station The apparatus used to control a drone from the ground.

Controlled Airspace Regulated airspace that may restrict traffic and use.

Corrective Lenses Eyeglasses or contact lenses.

FAA Federal Aviation Administration oversees US aviation concerns and airspace.

Flight Crew Optional staff, such as visual observers, who will assist pilot during ops.

IFR Instrument Flight Rules. In use when pilots are guided by instrumentation.

KT Knot. One knot equals 1.15 miles per hour.

METAR Meteorological Aerodrome Report gives surface conditions at an airport.

MSL Mean Sea Level. Average level of the ocean’s surface.

NAS National Airspace System. Airspace within US borders plus 12 miles from coast.

NM Nautical Mile. Approximately 1.15 statute miles.

NOTAM Notice to Airmen. Temporary or interim bulletin providing important advisory.

PIC Pilot in Command. The certified pilot responsible for drone flight operations.

SIGMET Significant Meteorological Event. Important weather advisory.

SM Statute Mile. One standard mile. 5, 280 feet or 1,760 yards.

sUA Small Unmanned Aircraft. A drone under 14 CFR Part 107

sUAS Small Unmanned Aircraft System. A drone and its control system.

TAC Terminal Aeronautical Chart. A navigational chart for area

surrounding an airport.

TAF Terminal Aerodrome Forecast. Weather forecast report from a specific airport.

TFR Temporary Flight Restriction. A temporary change in flight rules near an airport.

UA Unmanned Aircraft. An aircraft that flies with no pilot within or on it.

UAS Unmanned Aircraft System. A UA and its control system.

Uncontrolled Airspace Unregulated airspace open to all traffic.

VFR Visual Flight Rules. Navigation based on what the pilot sees from the cockpit.

VLOS Visual Line of Sight. A direct line of sight maintained from pilot to drone.

VO Visual Observer. A crew member who can assist the pilot with keeping VLOS.
 4

Suggested Supplemental Study and Reference Material

Use of the following materials is NOT required.
The FAA recommends these publications as supplements to your preparation

• AC 107-2 Recommended! General Summary of Part 107 Rules

• AC 00-6 Aviation Weather
• AC 00-45 Aviation Weather Services
• AC 60-28 FAA English Skills Standards
• AC-120-92 Safety Management Systems for Aviation Services
• FAA Order JO 7110.10 Flight Services
• FAA Order JO 7110.65 Air Traffic Control
• FAA Order JO 7210.3 Facility Operation and Administration
• FAA JO 7400.9 Airspace Designations and Reporting Points
• FAA Order 8130.34 Airworthiness Certification of UAS and
Optionally Piloted Aircraft
• FAA Order 8900.1 Flight Standards Information Management Systems

Approximate Distribution of Question Topics for UAG General Knowledge Test

Regulations 15% - 25%
Airspace & Restrictions 15% - 25%
Weather 11% - 16%
Loading & Performance 7% - 11%
Operations 35% - 45%
Total Questions 60
Pass Grade 42/60 70%
 5

Sectional Chart Legend and Sectional Chart as shown in FAA CT-8080-2G

Use this link to download the test supplement that will be issued to you on test day (116 pages)
https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/supplements/media/sport_rec_private_akts.pdf
 6

Remote Pilot Certification with sUAS Rating

Airman General Knowledge Test UAG

Test Code is UAG Test has 60 questions

Test Name is Unmanned Aircraft General You have two hours to compete

You must be 16 years old minimum. You need 70% or 42/60 correct responses

You must demonstrate English proficiency.

Subjects to Know for the Test What You Can/Cannot Use During the Test.
 Regulations relating to sUAS rating privileges,  You will be provided with a publication to use.
limitations, and flight operations. FAA –CT-8080-2G contains charts and information
on which some questions may be based.
 Airspace classifications and restrictions as they
relate to sUAS.  You may use scales, protractors, plotters, log
sheets, straight edges, navigational computers, and
 Aviation weather sources. Effect of weather on
calculators related to the test.
small unmanned aircraft.
 If the above aids have formulas, conversion factors,
 Loading/unloading sUA
frequencies, weather data, signals, or weight and
 Emergencies. balance formulas permanently inscribed in the aid
 CRM Crew Resource Management. by the manufacturer, that is permissible.

 Radio communications.  Calculators must be the kind where any memory

can be erased. You may have to do this before or
 Determining performance of sUA. after the exam in the presence of the proctor.
 Effects of drugs and alcohol on pilots  If you used a calculator that produced any
 ADM Aeronautical Decision Making; Judgment. printouts, those documents must be surrendered
after the test.
 Airport operations.
 Calculators cannot have memory cards or tape de-
 Maintenance. Preflight inspections.
vices. They cannot have storage devices that can
hold test information after you leave the center.

 Dictionaries are not allowed.

Exemption from Testing for Holders of Pilot Certificates  You cannot use any book that explains how to use
If you hold a pilot certificate and meet requirements of your test aids.

14 CFR Part 61 as well as have a current flight review,

you do not need to pass the General Knowledge Test.
You need to complete an on line sUAS training course.
Access the course using this link:
https://www.faasafety.gov/gslac/ALC/CourseLanding.aspx?cID=451
 7

Application Process for Certification as Remote Pilot with Small UAS Rating

Apply for the General Knowledge Test UAG at an approved KTC Knowledge Test Center. Have appropriate ID.

Take and pass the test with a 70% 42/60 score. If a pilot, take and complete the online sUAS Training Course.

You cannot continue this process if you do not pass the test or complete the course. You must produce a passing
score report. If you are a pilot and did not take the UAG, provide a certificate of completion plus current flight review
that is less than twenty four months old.

Preferred Method. Apply On-Line. Apply with a Paper Application.

• It may take 48 hours for your records to populate the on-line • Obtain Form 8710-13 application.
system.
• Fill out per instructions. DO NOT sign the application!
• Register and log in at https://iacra .faa.gov/iacra
• Arrange to have ID validated at an approved center.
• Click “start new application” - Application Type “pilot “ - Cer- Find a Flight Service District Office to arrange this.
tifications “Remote Pilot” - “Other Path Info” - “Start App”.
• You will sign your application along with the person who
• Fill out the application. validated your ID.

• Provide your 17 character UAG test ID code.* • Attach Knowledge Test Score Report or Certificate of
Training Course Completion and Current Flight Review.
• Sign the application electronically and submit.
• Mail to: DOT/FAA Airmen Certification Branch AFS-760
• Await the results of a TSA background check. You must pass.
P.O. Box 25082 Oklahoma City, OK 73125.
• When notified, print out a temporary certificate until your
• You will need to pass a TSA background check. Not pass-
permanent one arrives.
ing the TSA check disqualifies you from certification!
*Pilots provide certificate of course completion
• Non-Pilots cannot get a temporary certificate.
instead of test score.
• Wait for your permanent certificate to arrive.
FAA Airman Testing Page. Click on Knowledge Testing
Link to find a Knowledge Test Center KTC
Link for Locating a FSDO for ID Validation
https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/
https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/field_offices/fsdo/

IACRA Integrated Airman Certification and

Rating Application. On line applications. Address for Appeal of TSA Security Check Decision
US Customs and Border Protection
https://iacra.faa.gov/IACRA/Default.aspx
P.O. Box 946
Select these options: applicant/pilot/certifications/remote pilot/
Williston, VT 05495
other path info/start app
Attn: CBP Ombudsman

FAA DPA Designated Pilot Examiner. Alternate to FSDO

for paper application ID validation. Select “Find Designee”.

https://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/
designees_delegations/
 8

NAS Airspace Classification

Graphic depiction of airspace class as seen in FAA publications.

Airspace Class Class Description Comments

A High altitude 18,0000 to 60,000 ft. MSL. Not shown on visual charts.

Generally around the busiest airports. All aircraft IFR and VFR are
Reaches up to 12,000 MSL. At higher eleva-
subject to ATC for separation.
B tions, airspace extends out to 30 NM from

Around airports with traffic control towers Class C is around approximately

and radar approach control. Two concentric 120 airports. ATFC clearance
C circles extend 10 and 20 NM respectively. needed and special navigation
Usually reaches maximum altitude of 4,000’. equipment and radio comms.
Under jurisdiction of local ATC Tower for No separation services to VFR
managing incoming/outgoing craft around craft. Aircraft within Class D must
D that airport. Usually extends to a 5 mile radi- maintain radio contact with the
us of airport and to maximum altitude of ATC Tower.
2,500’ AGL.

E General category for providing separation VFR operation OK with appropri-

between IFR aircraft and others. Starts at ate visibility.
700/1200 ft. MSL up to 18,000 ft. MSL. Fills
in gaps between other classes.

G Uncontrolled airspace. Not designate as No ATC authorization necessary.

A,B,C,D, or E. ATC has no authority.

Eastern US extends from surface

to 700/1200 ft. MSL.

 9

Special Use Airspace

Class Comments
Prohibited National Security concerns prohibit flight. i.e. airspace
over White House or US Capitol.

Restricted Possible restrictions. When active, no flight. Active means

artillery firing, aerial gunnery, guided missiles in area.

Warning Similar to restricted but in international airspace. No US laws

govern this space. Pilots receive warning of hazards.

Alert Indicates activity such as student pilot training or

parachute jumping.

Military Ops Area MOA—Military training or maneuvers. VFR flight not prohibited
but discouraged. Different floors/ceilings based on operations.

Other Airspace Issues

Designation Description
LAA Control tower frequency or automated system provides up to date sur-
Local Airport Advisory face and weather information. Plus pertinent advisories.
MTR Established tactical training routes. Operations < 10,000 feet. Speeds > 250 KT. Some-
Military Training times, routes temporarily exceed 10,000 feet.

Route IR designation means instrument flight rules. VR designation is visual flight rules.

4 digit code indicates all training under 1500 feet AGL. Three digit code indicates >1500.

TFR Due to (typically) national security concerns, flight permissions within a specified area
Temporary Flight change. i.e. Air Force One passing through otherwise unrestricted airspace.

Restriction Violation of a TFR can result in loss of pilot certification!

Parachute Jump Area Shown on sectional charts. Area where jumps take place routinely.

Published VFR Route Found on VFR Terminal Area Planning Charts. Used to enable pilots to navigate through/
around complex airspace classes. aka VFR Flyways, or Corridors.

TRSA Terminal Voluntary for aircraft under VFR. Radar services to maintain separation between IFR and
Radar Service Area VFR aircraft. TRSA around airports becomes class D.

NSA National Possible restrictions due to national security. Pilots requested to avoid travel in NSA.
Security Area Sometimes, request turns into requirement.
 10

Understanding Aviation Weather Reports

A METAR—Meteorological Aerodrome Report— gives current
surface conditions at a specific airport. While they look intimidating,
METARs will be an invaluable resource in your flight planning and
operations once you understand their terminology and structure.

METAR KBOS 091830Z 18016KT 8SM 21/67 A2980

Box 1 Box 2 Box 3 Box 4 Box 5 Box 6

Report Type Station Identifier Date and Time Modifier Wind 5/6 Digits Visibility
METAR or SPECI DDTTTT (UTC) AUTO or COR DDDSS KT Report in SM
K plus 3 letters.

Box 7 Box 8 Box 9 Box 10 Box 11 Box 12

Weather Sky Condition Temperature/ Altimeter Setting Zulu Time Remarks
Qualifier/ Cloud Amount/ Dewpoint Shown inches of Starts with
Always given in
Phenomenon Type/Height TT Celsius/DD % Mercury Hg “RMK”
UTC Time

Convective SIGMET or WST

Reports thunderstorms w/ wind exceeding
50 KT or hail greater than 3/4” diameter.

Terminal Aerodrome Forecast TAF

Forecasts with 24—30 hour validity.
Covers 5 mile radius around larger airports.
Uses METAR codes and designations.

AWOS and ASOS

Automated Weather (Surface) Observation

Systems. Fully automated to collect surface
conditions or date to make forecasts.

Life cycle of a thunderstorm as presented in official FAA publications

 11

TAF Terminal Aerodrome Forecast TAF reports use the same codes and designations as those used in METARS

Box 1 Box 2 Box 3 Box 4 Box 5

Type of Report Station ID—same Date/Time Valid Period Forecast Wind

as with METAR as in METAR
AMD = Amended DD/TTTT DD/TT to DD/TT

Box 6 Box 7 Box 8 Box 9 Box 10

Visibility Significant Weather Sky Condition Forecast Change % Chance Precip.

P6SM is > 6 SM as with METAR CB Only during TAF period PROB10 = 10%

Understanding a METAR
The graphic above is reproduced exactly as you will see it in FAA publications.

If we examine the top report for station KINK, we see a METAR for Winkler County Airport in Texas. The report was issued
on the twelfth day of the month at 1845 Zulu time: 6:45 PM, UTC. Winds are 12 knots blowing from East Southeast. There
are recorded gusts of up to 18 knots. There is good visibility at 15 statute miles. The skies are clear and the temperature is
25 degrees Celsius. Dew point is 17 degrees Celsius. Altimeter setting is 3000.

Let’s look at the fourth report from the top. It is a special report, issued before the next scheduled regular METAR. The
report is for Chicago Midway International Airport. It was generated on the twelfth day of the month at 1856 Zulu time, or
6:56 PM. UTC. Winds are from the north northwest at 5 knots. Visibility is 1 1/2 statute miles. It is currently raining. Skies
are overcast with clouds at 700 feet. Temperature is 17 degrees Celsius and dewpoint is 16 degrees Celsius. Altimeter
setting is 2980 inches. Remarks indicate that the rain began at 1835 Zulu time.

Link to METAR/TAF pdf summary with weather codes on page 2

https://www.weather.gov/media/okx/Aviation/TAF_Card.pdf
 12

Two Way Radio Communication Phonetic Designations for Letters of the Alphabet

A Alpha Al-FAH P Papa PAH-PAH

B Bravo BRAH-VO Q Quebec KEH-BECK
C Charlie CHAR-LEE R Romeo ROW-ME-OH
D Delta DELL-TAH S Sierra SEE-AIR-RAH
E Echo ECK-OH T Tango TANG-GO
F Foxtrot FOKS-TROT U Uniform YOU-NEE-FORM
G Golf GOLF V Victor VIK-TAH
H Hotel HOH-TELL W Whiskey WISS-KEY
I India IN-DEE-AH X X-ray ECKS-RAY
J Juliet JEW-LEE-ETT Y Yankee YANG-KEY
K Kilo KEY-LOH Z Zulu ZOO-LOO
L Lima LEE-MAH
M Mike MIKE
N November NO-VEM-BER
O Oscar OSS-CAH

Common Radio Communication Terms

Acknowledge Confirm receipt of my message. Read back Repeat my transmission back to me.

Advise intention Announce your intentions. Roger I received you message. Not a “yes”.

Affirmative Yes Stand by Hold on. Wait.

Final Aircraft is on final approach. Unable I cannot carry out your instructions.

Hold for Stay in place Verify Confirm what you just said.

How do you hear me? How is quality of transmission. WILCO Got and understand message. Will comply.

Immediately Take action NOW. Without delay Proceed quickly. Do not delay.

Line up and wait ATC places craft in takeoff order.

Negative No
 13

sUAS Pre Flight Inspection Checklist per FAA AC 107-2 section 5.9

 Area of Ops weather conditions  Check UA for structure cracks/breaks

 Area of Ops airspace restrictions  Check UA at bonded areas. Watch for delamination or
loose joints/seams
 Presence of people and/or property
 Check UA for loose missing pieces; confirm props and
 Presence of any ground hazards
rotors secure and not damaged
 Availability of TFR if near airport
 Check UA for seepage of liquids or gels
 Crew brief on Ops conditions
 Check all battery casings. No leaks, cracks, bulges
 Crew brief on emergency procedures
 Check for smell of fuel other than what is expected.
 Crew brief on contingencies
 Check for signs of arcing / burning wire smell
 Crew brief of individual roles/responsibilities
 Check for signs of previous minor burn (black spots)
 Crew brief of potential hazards
 Monitor sound during ops for abnormal noise
 Confirm control links CS to UA and back working
 Confirm UA reacts immediately to CS commands
 Confirm sufficient power for full flight / safe landing
 Monitor flight time; if diminished, ID cause
 Ensure any attached items are secure

 Have all required documents: pilot certificate,

drone registration, waivers.
 14

sUAS Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Operational Limits per 14 CFR Part 107
These Operational Limits are explained in greater detail in FAA AC 107-2

 Fully loaded aircraft can weigh in at 55 pounds maximum W

 Fly no faster than a groundspeed of 87 KT (100 mph)

 Maximum altitude is 400 feet AGL. W

If within a 400 foot radius of a structure, 400 foot altitude above
highest point in structure is allowed.

 Minimum required visibility is 3 SM from control station.

 Must stay at least 500 feet below clouds/ceiling.

 Must stay minimum 2000 feet horizontally from clouds.

 No flight allowed over people who are not under secure structure W
or vehicle where they are protected.

 Remain clear and yield right of way to all other aircraft. W

 Operation from a moving land/water vehicle in W

sparsely populated regions only. No transport of goods for hire
from a moving vehicle (no waiver for this specific rule). No Operation of CS from other aircraft.

 NO hazmat materials can be transported.

 Daylight only flight is permissible. Daylight is defined as 30 minutes before W

civil sunrise to 30 minutes after civil sunset.

 NO operation by a pilot who is aware of a medical or mental condition

that may lead to danger to public safety.

 NO operations while impaired, even with prescription drugs.

 Restricted to Class G non-regulated airspace without ATC authorization. W

 Always maintain a VLOS between pilot and aircraft. W

 Operate only one craft at a time. W

W A certificate of waiver or authorization may be available for this provision.

FAA instructions for waiver application

https://www.faa.gov/uas/request_waiver/

Submit waiver application through FAA Drone Zone

https://faadronezone.faa.gov/#/

LAANC streamlined waiver application process: rollout 2018

https://www.faa.gov/uas/programs_partnerships/uas_data_exchange/
 15

Risk Assessment and Management

There are many mnemonics to help you remember any of several risk management checklists. Use
them to help you identify and plan for potential risk as you prepare for flight operations:

P ilot in Command: Am I ready for flight? Experience, physically, mentally? Use IMSAFE to help you decide.

A ircraft: Is it suitable for flight objectives? Is PIC trained on this craft? Will it carry a load if required?

V enVironment: What are ceiling & visibility? What is forecast? Thunderstorms expected? Terrain & airspace allowed?

E xternal factors: Any outside distractions? Pressure to please client? Impress others with flight skills? Crew pressure?

Anatomy of a Decision: Use DECIDE

I llness: Am I sick or physically not ready for flight ops? • Decision maker (PIC) sees some-
thing has changed.
M edication: Am I taking anything that will cloud my judgment? • Estimate the need to react to the
change.
S tress: Am I under any stress? Work? Money? Family? Health? • Choose an outcome that works

A lcohol: Have I had a drink within 8 hours? 12? 24? for you.

• Identify what you need to do to

F atigue: Have I had enough sleep or rest? handle the change.

• Do what you have determined will

E motion: Is there anything that has me in a poor emotional state? get you the desired outcome.

• Evaluate the effectiveness of your

chosen action(s)

Always Treat Hazards with CARE! Transfer responsibility.

Consequences and risks an identified hazard poses.
Eliminate hazard possible?
Alternatives I could take to avoid risk.
Reality of the current situation if I do nothing. Accept reality if reward outweighs cost.
External Pressure that I can eliminate by taking charge.
Mitigate any risk I accept.
 16

Additional Resources and Links

Aeronautical Chart Users Guide in PDF Format: 129 Pages Terms you must know for VFR and to use UAG test
Contains Explanations and legends for navigation charts.
supplement provided to you on test day.
https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/
https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/
digital_products/aero_guide/media/editions/cug-complete.pdf
digital_products/aero_guide/

Locate a free catalog to purchase sectional charts.

Disqualifying Events for sUAS Certification
https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/
https://www.tsa.gov/disqualifying-offenses-factors

Digital zip file of US chart supplements.

Instructions for requesting a waiver
https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/
digital_products/dafd/ https://www.faa.gov/uas/request_waiver/

Chart supplement search tool. FAA Drone Zone

Request waiver or permission for airport operations.
https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/
Register your sUA.
digital_products/dafd/search
https://faadronezone.faa.gov/#/

AIM Airman Information Manual PDF 732 Pages.

B4UFLY app. Access up to date airport information
https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/media/aim.pdf and restrictions from your smartphone.

https://www.faa.gov/uas/where_to_fly/b4ufly/

Key to Understanding METAR & TAF PDF 2 pages.

Convert local time to UTC
https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/
https://greenwichmeantime.com/time-gadgets/time -
ato/service_units/systemops/fs/alaskan/alaska/fai/weather/
zone-converter/
media/metar_key.pdf

FAA Information and Identification Matrix Alternate ID

Search TFR
https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/media/ http://tfr.faa.gov/tfr_map_ims/html/
testing_matrix.pdf

Formula for Estimating Height of Cloud Base AGL

Subtract dewpoint from current temperature to get dewpoint/temperature spread (DTS).
Divide this DTS by 4.4 (convergence rate based on temp & dewpoint changes with altitude).
Multiply the result by 1000 to get the height of a cloud base.
 17

Final Exam Sixty Questions

Congratulations!
If you are here, then you have probably completed the lecture and quiz portions of the course.
Now comes the big test. We have composed sixty test questions on the topics you can expect
to see on test day. Obviously, we cannot cover everything with only sixty questions.

Each question has three answer choices. Choose the one that you feel answers what the
question is specifically asking you.
Some questions will prompt you to look at a graphic. The graphics used here are the exact
copies of what you will work from when you receive FAA-CT-8080-2G before your General
Knowledge Test.
One final note: as with the quizzes, repeat this test as much as you’d like. Shoot for a perfect
score.

Good Luck!

You will find the answer key immediately following the test pages.
 18

Final Exam

Question One What effect, if any, can drinks such as coffee, tea, and caffeinated soda have on you?
A. These drinks are diuretics. They do not quench a thirst and can contribute to dehydration.
B. These drinks are stimulants and can help you to stay focused if you are feeling fatigued.
C. These drinks are no different from anything else you may consume at the operations site.

Question Two During flight, a component becomes loose on your drone. The result is that the CP has
shifted backwards and away from the CG more than it should. What can you expect?
A. You should hear a loud rattling unless the sound is drowned out by the buzz of the rotors.
B. You will be flying “nose down”. The rear of your craft is being pushed excessively upwards.
C. You will have difficulty if ordering your drone to make a banked turn greater than ten degrees.

Question Three What is the concern when performing a maneuver that results in increased stall speed?
A. There is no problem here. The increased speed lessens the likelihood of your drone stalling.
B. Increased stall speed means your aircraft must travel faster to avoid stalling. More speed can
mean more structural stress, plus you are limited to 100 mph maximum.
C. Increasing the stall speed results in your drone requiring more time and space to make a
controlled landing.

Question Four Your planned operations will have you flying in an area four miles from a towered airport.
What must you do before your flight?
A. Call the ATC Tower as early as you can on the day of the flight and provide exact times where you
will be conducting operations.
B. You must file a flight plan with your specific purpose for the flight. File it with the FAA two weeks
in advance of your planned operations.
C. You will be in controlled airspace. Apply for a waiver which will authorize you operate in that air
space class. Allow up to ninety days for the waiver to be processed.
 19

Question Five You are inspecting a structure for roof damage. What is your maximum allowed altitude on
this flight?
A. If you remain within a four hundred foot radius of the structure, you can fly up to four hundred
feet above the highest point of the structure.
B. The maximum altitude permitted for drone flight is 400 feet AGL unless you are working through
an in flight emergency.
C. In this situation, you simply need to be sure you are at least 500 feet below any ceiling.

Question Six What is one characteristic of Class B airspace?

A. It is typically found around the busiest airports.
B. The radius around a Class B airport decreases as you get higher above airport.
C. This airspace is cruising altitude for commercial airliners.

Question Seven You have an incident where your sUA causes personal injury. What determines if you need
to notify the FAA with an accident report?
A. The injured party files a written complaint with the FAA.
B. The injured party sustains a laceration that requires sutures.
C. All accidents must be reported no matter the severity of the injury.

Question Eight When inspecting lithium batteries before or during a flight, what are you looking for?
A. You want to make sure that no battery is cracked, leaking, or bulging.
B. You want to make sure that the battery indicator shows enough available power for takeoff and at
least fifteen minutes of flight time.
C. You want to make sure that you have applied electric tape to the positive battery terminals.

Question Nine Upon receiving a passing grade on the General Knowledge Test, is there anything that can
interfere with your receiving a Remote Pilot Certificate?
A. No, you have met the qualifications as soon as you passed the GKT.
B. Yes. You must provide certification from the manufacturer that you are familiar with the operation
of the drone.
C. Yes. You must pass a TSA security background check.
 20

Question Ten Are you able to operate your control station from a moving boat?
A. Yes, but only if transporting cargo for hire.
B. Yes, but not if you are transporting cargo for hire.
C. No operation of a control station from marine based craft is allowed.

Question Eleven The word “convective” is often associated with…

A. Nimbus cloud formations.
B. Batteries overheating.
C. Thunderstorm activity.

Question Twelve Why might you want to remember the Mnemonic “IMSAFE”?
A. This mnemonic helps a pilot determine if he has any risk factors that may compromise safety of
an upcoming flight.
B. This mnemonic helps a pilot to remember the sequence of required events when entering
Class C airspace.
C. This mnemonic helps a pilot to remember the preflight inspection checklist for any drone under
55 pounds.

Question Thirteen How does 14CFR Part 107 regulate the use by pilots of prescription medication?
A. During flight operations, a pilot must keep a copy of the prescription with the pilot certificate
and any other required documentation.
B. It is not regulated. The pilot must determine if a prescription medication will hamper his ability
to operate an aircraft and/or lead a crew.
C. A pilot’s most recent dose of a prescription drug must have been taken at least two hours prior
to the actual takeoff of a drone.

Question Fourteen A weather report indicates the temperature and dew point are both at 69 degrees F.
What does this indicate?
A. This is an indication of fair weather.
B. Equal temperature and dew point mean air is saturated with water vapor. Expect precipitation.
C. Equal temperature and dewpoint indicate a stable atmosphere. Flight planning and operations
will be permitted.
 21

Question Fifteen Per regulations, small unmanned air craft must conduct operations during daylight hours
only. What is the definition of daylight hours?
A. Daylight hours is considered any time of day when visibility is at least three statute miles.
B. Daylight hours are between 0600 and 1800 Zulu time.
C. Daylight hours are between 1/2 hour before civil sunrise and 1/2 hour after civil sunset.

Question Sixteen Under what conditions may a person who does not have a pilot certificate operate a small
unmanned aircraft?
A. The person is a hobbyist and does not fall under part 107 regulations, or the person is under the
direct supervision of a certified PIC.
B. They must apply for a certificate of waiver authorization at least 90 days in advance.
C. The person has been certified as a VLOS.

Question Seventeen What does “G force” mean?

A. It is the force of wind gusts as reported on weather advisories.
B. It is the amount of gravitational pull on an object that deviates from motion in a straight path.
It is a multiple of the object’s weight and is referred to as “Gs”.
C. It is a multiple that is used to calculate load factor. G force times velocity equals load factor.

Question Eighteen If you see SPECI at the beginning of a METAR, what does it indicate?
A. It means a reporting airport has a special restriction until an official “all clear” is given.
B. It means that the METAR is issued for a specific airport.
C. It means that it is a special METAR, issued in between regularly scheduled reports. Unexpected
weather events could cause this.

Question Nineteen What is the standard temperature and pressure reading at sea level?
A. 59 degrees Fahrenheit and 29.92 Hg.
B. 59 degrees Celsius and 1220.3 millibars.
C. 32 degrees Celsius and 1013.2 millibars.
 22

Question Twenty Using the example above of a METAR, at what day and time was the METAR in the top
row generated?
A. December 18, at 4:50 pm Zulu Time
B. Twelfth day of the month at 1845 UTC
C. Twelfth day of the month at 6:45 am Zulu time.

Question Twenty One Using the same METAR graphic above, what do you know about the wind direction
and speed for the report on the bottom line?
A. Winds are coming from the south at 4 knots.
B. Winds are blowing towards the south at 40 knots.
C. Winds have changed direction completely ( as in have done a “180”) with speed at 4 knots.

Question Twenty Two What is one consequence of not understanding density altitude?
A. You will not be able to tell if high or low pressure systems will affect your planned operations?
B. You will not understand the dew point to temperature ratio.
C. The altimeter reading in your aircraft may not be correct.

Question Twenty Three All other factors being normal, will aircraft perform better in warm air or cooler air?
A. Warm air. There is less chance of propellers and rotors freezing up, especially at high altitudes.
B. Cooler air. Cold air is more dense and provides more lift.
C. Warm air. Warm air is less dense, hence thinner. Rotors and propellers do not have to work so
hard to cut through warmer air.
 23

Question Twenty Four What is true about the human body when a person begins to feel thirsty?
A. It is imperative to drink between 2 and 4 eight ounce glasses of fluid immediately.
B. When you feel thirsty, you have already lost over a quart of fluid that needs to be replaced.
C. Thirst is the first warning sign of hyperventilation. Take in fluids immediately.

Question Twenty Five What is the chief factor you must consider when determining who has right of way?
A. Airspace classification must be considered first. Class determines who yields.
B. Part 107 regulations state that drone pilots yield to all other aircraft.
C. Right of way differs depending on the airport. Consult chart supplement for that airport.

Question Twenty Six What are the two key factors in loading a small unmanned aircraft?
A. Weight and balance.
B. Weight and lift.
C. Thrust and lift.

Question Twenty Seven You are operating in the vicinity of a small, rural, non towered airport.
What does it mean when you hear no radio traffic?
A. There is no air traffic within approximately ten miles of your operations.
B. There may have been an earlier TFR announcing that the airport is not accessible for a
temporary time period.
C. It means nothing. Monitor communications and always be alert.

Question Twenty Eight What is true about an embedded thunderstorm?

A. Embedded thunderstorms produce the most dangerous lightning.
B. Embedded thunderstorms are hidden within other clouds and cannot be seen.
C. Embedded thunderstorms stay in a confined are for over one hour.
 24

Question Twenty Nine For how long a period is the TAF for station KMEM valid?
A. Thirty hours, from 1800 Zulu on the twelfth to 2400 Zulu on the thirteenth.
B. Three hours, from 1700 Zulu on the twelfth to 2000 Zulu on the twelfth.
C. TAF are always valid for twenty four hours unless an amended AMD report is needed.

Question Thirty Using the same graphic above, both stations show the designation “P6SM”.
What does that mean?
A. P6SM indicates forecast precipitation within a radius of 6 SM from the airport.
B. P6SM is a station identifier for towered airports that offer UNICOM services.
C. P6SM indicates visibility in excess of 6 SM.

Question Thirty One Both reports also show the designation “FM”. What does that indicate?
A. FM stands for “forecast month”. It designates the month in which the report is generated.
B. FM indicates that a sudden, significant change in the weather is expected from a specified time.
C. FM gives the radio band on which you can obtain the most current updates of TAF. If FM is not
on the report, radio frequency is assumed to be VFR.
 25

Question Thirty Two Is special use airspace controlled or uncontrolled airspace?

A. It is neither. Special use is the third class of airspace within the NAS.
B. It can be either. They type of activity within the airspace determines if it is special use.
C. Special use airspace is only considered as such when non participating aircraft enter it.

Question Thirty Three What is the difference between risk and hazard?
A. Hazard is an obstacle that can present a risk.
B. Risk is an obstacle that can present a hazard.
C. In ADM, those two terms can be used interchangeably.

Question Thirty Four In what situation is a remote PIC or crew permitted to use binoculars
to maintain VLOS?
A. Never. Per part 107 regulations, corrective lenses are allowed. No other sight aids.
B. Binoculars are permitted only in emergencies where you need to extricate your craft from a tight
spot or you need to examine an obstacle.
C. Binoculars are permitted when there is a large number of people in your area of operations.

Question Thirty Five You developed your own pre-flight inspection check list. Why might you do this?
A. You feel you know your aircraft best and know what to look for.
B. Assembling a pre flight inspection checklist is a required part of CRM.
C. The manufacturer does not provide one in their documentation.

Question Thirty Six What does it mean if you are required to maintain your own separation?
A. It is the same thing as staying within sight of your drone. You cannot be separated at too great a
distance.
B. Air traffic control provides no service. You and the other pilots in your area must watch and keep
far enough from each other to maintain safe light.
C. You must always be at a safe altitude so as to not pose a risk to anyone on the ground.
 26

Question Thirty Seven How is the angle of attack related to a stall?

A. They have nothing to do with each other.
B. Too steep an angle of attack robs the aircraft of lift, resulting in a stall.
C. If a pilot does not maintain a constant angle of attack from takeoff to landing, then the aircraft
could go into a stall.

Question Thirty Eight What is a general characteristic of Class E airspace?

A. No VFR flight can take place in Class E space.
B. Class E fills in the gaps between the other airspace classes.
C. Class E is the only airspace in which military training can be conducted.

Question Thirty Nine What is a temporary remote pilot certificate?

A. If you submit your application and passing score report on-line, you can, pending TSA
security clearance, print out a temporary certificate to use until your
permanent certificate arrives.
B. Any crew member who may operate the CS must have a temporary certificate to show that
they are authorized to take the controls.
C. A temporary remote pilot certificate authorizes pilots (licensed under 14 CFR part 61) to act as
PIC immediately. A permanent certificate is awarded pending the pilot completing an on-line
training course.

Question Forty Why would a WST or convective SIGMET be issued?

A. It warns pilots of severe thunderstorms with winds above 50 knots, 3/4 inch diameter hail, or
tornadoes.
B. It alerts air traffic to the presence of low level wind shear.
C. These reports are issued as a thunderstorm enters the cumulus stage.

Question Forty One Regarding risk assessment, what might result from an anti-authority attitude?
A. A pilot would have difficulty managing the crew.
B. A pilot would choose to ignore hazards.
C. A pilot would be reluctant to follow regulations.
 27

Question Forty Two How could hyperventilation be triggered in a pilot?

A. The pilot’s control station is not sufficiently protected against the elements.
B. A sudden stressful situation results in an uncontrollable increase in the pilot’s breathing rate.
C. The control station is in a location at a very high altitude.

Question Forty Three What is an “N Number”?

A. It is the numeric station identifier that represents the “name” of an airport.
B. It is remote pilot’s permanent certificate number.
C. It is the FAA registration number of an aircraft.

Question Forty Four How often must remote PICs take another general knowledge test?
A. Only if the pilot is involved in an incident requiring reporting to FAA.
B. No later than twenty four calendar months from their last test.
C. Every four years before the expiration of the pilot’s current certificate.

Question Forty Five How can you monitor radio traffic near a non towered airport that has no FSS, UNICOM,
or MULTICOM systems?
A. The facility will have a tower frequency specific to that location.
B. You must have a CATV.
C. You must access the automated ASOS system.

Question Forty Six What is one case where a NOTAM might be issued.
A. It announces the release of an updated chart supplement.
B. It announces new information whose release cannot wait until the next edition of FAA charts.
C. For a particular flight, the remote pilot decides to use a crew and must brief them.

Question Forty Seven Most non towered airports have a UNICOM frequency which is…
A. 106.1
B. 121.8
C. 122.8
 28

Question Forty Eight Regarding the figure above, how much stress would be on the structure of your
fifty pound drone if you executed a turn with a 60 degree bank angle?
A. 100 pounds of pressure.
B. 2 pounds of pressure.
C. The chart does not contain sufficient information to compute the stress.

Question Forty Nine What does Situational Awareness deal with?

A. A crew must fully understand information presented at a briefing.
B. The pilot must understand all facets of the flight from pre planning to completion.
C. If an unexpected emergency situation develops the pilot must be able to
understand it quickly.

Question Fifty In the PAVE risk mitigation Mnemonic, what is an example of the E?
A. A pilot is under severe emotional stress.
B. A pilot is acting recklessly and endangering the aircraft.
C. A pilot is pushed by a supervisor to circumvent regulations so the company can meet a
pre-arranged deadline for a client.
 29

Question Fifty One What is the extra step required if you decide to submit your application for remote
pilot certification using the paper application?
A. You cannot get a temporary certificate.
B. You must take an on-line training course.
C. You must go to a field office to have your identification validated.

Question Fifty Two How do weather stations adjust their station barometric pressure reading so it is in
synch with the standard sea level pressure reading of 29.92 Hg?
A. Modern technology has eliminated the need for manual adjustment. Barometers self-calibrate.
B. They subtract MSL from AGL and use the difference as the adjusted setting.
C. They add 5 Hg to their station reading for every 1000 feet above MSL they are located.

Question Fifty Three Considering risk management, what should a pilot do once a decision is made to take
a course of action?
A. Carry out the action without delay.
B. Ask the crew to confirm that the course of action will not compromise safety.
C. Immediately report the altered flight plan to local ATC.

Question Fifty Four How does humid air affect aircraft performance?
A. Humidity has no effect unless precipitation is also present.
B. Humid air is less dense; aircraft performance decreases.
C. Humid air is dense; aircraft performance is enhanced.

Question Fifty Five An aircraft’s rate of turn becomes slower as a result of the aircraft’s…
A. Higher altitude
B. Higher speed
C. Angle of attack
 30

Question Fifty Six What type of cloud formations warn of potential inclement weather?
A. High altitude layered
B. Vertical formations
C. Embedded

Question Fifty Seven What is a “flyaway”?

A. It is the maneuver performed at the completion of the flight.
B. It is a slang term for takeoff.
C. It occurs when the CS loses all control capability with the drone.

Question Fifty Eight Why do CFAs not show up on navigation charts?

A. CFA — Controlled Firing Areas — are special use airspace. If a non participating aircraft enters
the space, any of the “special Use” activity stops. Aircraft need not alter their course.
B. Controlled Firing Areas are made up of very confined airspace.
C. CFA or Controlled Firing Areas host activities that take place at very low altitudes. Most air traffic
will be above the “special use” activity.

Question Fifty Nine How far does US airspace extend from the east and west coasts?
A. It does not.US airspace ends at the border.
B. Per international standards, national airspace extends 100 SM from all borders.
C. Twelve NM from each coast.

Question Sixty What is a lost comm link?

A. The pilot is not able to monitor air traffic near an airport.
B. The pilot cannot receive data from the drone at the control station.
C. The pilot has lost radio contact with the crew.

Answer key is on the following pages.

 31

Final Exam Answer Key

1 A 21 A 41 C

2 B 22 C 42 B

3 B 23 B 43 C

4 C 24 B 44 B

5 A 25 B 45 A

6 A 26 A 46 B

7 B 27 C 47 C

8 A 28 B 48 A

9 C 29 A 49 B

10 B 30 C 50 C

11 C 31 B 51 C

12 A 32 B 52 C

13 B 33 A 53 A

14 B 34 B 54 B

15 C 35 C 55 B

16 A 36 B 56 B

17 B 37 B 57 C

18 C 38 B 58 A

19 A 39 A 59 C

20 B 40 A 60 B