The gases coming from a car’s exhaust contain oxides of nitrogen. How are these oxides formed?

5070/11/M/J/12/Q#30

A Nitrogen reacts with carbon dioxide.

B Nitrogen reacts with carbon monoxide.
C Nitrogen reacts with oxygen.
D Nitrogen reacts with petrol.

28 When a volcano erupts, which gas is produced in significant amounts? 5070/11/M/J/12/Q#32

A carbon monoxide
B chlorofluorocarbons
C methane
D sulfur dioxide

Microorganisms in the soil convert ammonium nitrate into gaseous nitrous oxide, N 2O.
This gas is a greenhouse gas. 5070/22/O/N/11/Q#3 (e)[i-ii]

(i)Describe two possible consequences of an increasing concentration of

greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

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(ii) Ammonium nitrate can be thermally decomposed in the laboratory to form

nitrous oxide and one other product.
Construct the equation for this decomposition.

[1]
(e) Trifluorochloromethane, CF3Cl, is a covalent compound.
5070/22/O/N/11/Q#5 (e) [ii]
(iii) Suggest one environmental problem associated with the presence of
trifluorochloromethane in the atmosphere.

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....[1]

24 The diagram shows steel wool inside a test-tube. The test-tube is inverted in water, trapping air
inside. 5070/11/O/N/11/Q#124

What will be the water level inside the tube after several days?

steel wool

A
air

water C

level at beginning D
of experiment

28 Which gas cannot be removed from the exhaust gases of a petrol-powered car by its catalytic
converter? 5070/11/O/N/11/Q#128
A carbon dioxide
B carbon monoxide
C hydrocarbons
D nitrogen dioxide

29 A sample of tap water gave a white precipitate with acidified silver nitrate . 5070/11/O/N/11/Q#132

30 What does this show about the tap water?

A It contained chloride.
B It contained harmful microbes.
C It contained nitrates.
D It had not been filtered.
33 Which noble gas is present in the largest percentage by volume in air? 5070/11/O/N/11/Q#133

A argon
B helium
C krypton
D neon
 (b) In green plants chlorophyll acts as a catalyst in
photosynthesis. .5070/21/O/N/11/Q#4 (b) [i]& [ii]

(i) Complete the word equation which describes photosynthesis.

.................................. + water ............................. + oxygen [1]

(ii) During one stage in photosynthesis, electrons are removed from water
to produce hydrogen ions and oxygen gas.
Write an equation for this reaction.

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......... [2]

(b) Coal contains a small amount of sulfur. 5070/22/O/N/11/Q#4 (b & (c))

(i) Explain how the burning of coal results in the formation of acid rain.

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(ii) State one effect of acid rain.

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(c) Oxides of nitrogen also contribute to acid rain. They can be formed naturally
in the atmosphere from nitrogen and oxygen.

(i) What condition is needed to allow nitrogen and oxygen to combine in the
atmosphere?

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... [1]

29Nitric acid in the atmosphere can chemically erode buildings made from
carbonate rocks.
 Write an equation for the reaction of nitric acid, HNO 3, with calcium
carbonate, CaCO3.

[2]

(d) Fertilisers such as ammonium nitrate and ammonium phosphate

are solids. They can get into lakes and cause excessive growth of
algae. 5070/22/O/N/11/Q#6 (d)[i] & (ii))

(i) Explain how these fertilisers get into lakes.

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(ii) What name is given to the enrichment of lakes with nitrates and
phosphates which leads to the death of plant and animal life in the
lakes?

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29 Which pair of gases could be removed from the atmosphere using calcium carbonate?
5070/11/O/N/12/Q#32

A CO2 and O3

B CO and SO2
C CH4 and NO2
D NO2 and SO2

In which parts of a motor car do the reactions, shown in the equations, take place? 5070/11/O/N/12/Q#33
Water from natural sources, such as lakes and rivers, contains many dissolved
substances. 5070/21/O/JN/12/Q#4 (a) -(b) [i] & [ii]

(a) Name two dissolved substances that occur naturally in unpolluted water from
lakes and rivers.

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.... [1]

(b) Pollution in lakes and rivers can be caused by leaching of fertilisers from
farmland. This can cause eutrophication.

(i) Name two ions present in fertilisers which cause eutrophication.

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.... [2]

(iii) Describe the essential stages in eutrophication.

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[Total: 7]

34 Which gas is most likely to react with limestone? 5070/11/M/J/13/Q#34

A ammonia

B carbon monoxide
C methane

D sulfur dioxide
Three important processes in the carbon cycle are The atmosphere contains a large
combustion, respiration and photosynthesis.
number of gases including oxygen,
(a) (i) Describe how the processes in the nitrogen, carbon dioxide,
carbon cycle regulate the amount of carbon 5070/21/M/J/16/Q6
dioxide in
the atmosphere. 5070/21/O/N/14/q7 sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen,
methane and chlorofluorocarbons
...........................................................................
(CFCs). 5070/21/M/J/16/q6
..........................................................................
(a) Carbon dioxide, methane and CFCs
.....................................................................[2] are greenhouse gases.

(ii) Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. (i) State one effect of an increase in
the atmospheric concentration of
What do you understand by the term carbon dioxide and methane.
greenhouse gas? ..............................................................
..............
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..............................................................
............................................................[1] ..............
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(iii) Methane is also a greenhouse gas. ..[1]
Give one source of methane in the
atmosphere. (ii) State one source of methane gas.
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[1]
(b) Plants use water in photosynthesis. Water
containing the radioactive isotope 18O is fed (iii) State one other environmental
to a plant.
effect of the presence of CFCs in
The resulting radioactivity in the products of the atmosphere.
photosynthesis is shown in the equation below. ..............................................................
..............
..........................................................
[1]
(i) What does this tell you about the origin of the (b) Oxides of nitrogen are produced
oxygen in each of the products?
during the combustion of petrol
...........................................................................
(gasoline) in a car engine.
..........................................................................
(i) Describe the chemical reaction that
....................................................................[1] takes place within a car engine to
form nitric oxide, NO.

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.... [1]
(ii) Most of the nitric oxide and other (i) Write a balanced equation for this
pollutants present in the exhaust reaction.
gases of a car are ..............................................................
..............................................................
removed in a catalytic converter. .......
5070/02/M/J/04/q4
Describe the redox reactions that
happen within a catalytic converter.
The diagram shows where five water samples,
.............................................................. A to E, were taken from a river. 5070/02/O/N/04/q1
.............

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The diagram shows the stages in water purification.
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.
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(c) Sulfuric acid is one of the acids present in

acid rain. 5070/22/O/N/14/q4 Why are the following added during the water
purification process? . 5070/02/O/N/06/q5
(i) Suggest how sulfuric acid is formed in the
atmosphere.
........................................................................... carbon
..................................................................................
.........................................................................
.............................................................................[1]
...........................................................................
chlorine
....................................................................... [2]
...............................................................................
(ii) State one effect of acid rain on human ………………………………………………………[1]
health.
...........................................................................The diagram shows the carbon cycle.
...................................................................... [1]

b) Explain how carbon monoxide is

formed in an internal combustion
engine.
..............................................................
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..............................................................
.............................................................. (a) Describe the process of photosynthesis
in simple terms. 5070/22/O/N/9/q10
..........[1]
(b) (b) Eutrophication occurs in river water
(c) Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide polluted by fertilisers. 5070/02/m/j/09/q2
in the exhaust gases react together (c) Describe the principal processes
in the catalytic involved in eutrophication.
converter of a motor vehicle.
(d) ...............................................................
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(e) ...............................................................
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(f) ...............................................................
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(g) ...............................................................
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