2.
1 INDUSTRY PROFILE
Rice production in India is an important part of the national economy. India is the world's 2nd
largest producer with approximately 43 Mio Ha planted area, accounting for 22% of the world's
rice production. Rice is a basic food crop and being a tropical plant, it flourishes in hot and
humid climate.
HISTORY
The history of rice cultivation is an interdisciplinary subject that studies archaeological and
documentary evidence to explain how rice was first domesticated and cultivated by humans, the
spread of cultivation to different regions of the planet, and the technological changes that have
impacted cultivation over time .
The current scientific consensus, based on archaeological and linguistic evidence, is that Oryza
sativa rice was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 9,000 years ago.
Cultivation, migration and trade spread rice around the world—first to much of east Asia, and
then further abroad, and eventually to the Americas as part of the Columbian exchange. The now
less common Oryza glaberrima rice was independently domesticated in Africa around 3,000
years ago.
Since its spread, rice has become a global staple crop important to food security and food
cultures around the world. Local varieties of Oryza sativa have resulted in over 40,000 cultivars
of various types. More recent changes in agricultural practices and breeding methods as part of
the Green Revolution and other transfers of agricultural technologies has led to increased
production in recent decades.
Rice has a rich history dating back thousands of years. It originated in Asia, with evidence
suggesting its cultivation began around 10,000 to 14,000 years ago in the Pearl River valley
region of China. From there, rice cultivation spread to other parts of Asia, including India,
Southeast Asia, and Japan.
Over time, rice became a staple food for a large portion of the world’s population, particularly in
Asia. Its cultivation techniques evolved, and different varieties were developed to suit various
climates and growing conditions. Rice played a crucial role in the development of ancient
civilizations in Asia, such as those in China and India, where it not only provided sustenance but
also influenced cultural practices and traditions.
The spread of rice cultivation beyond Asia occurred through trade and exploration. It reached the
Middle East, North Africa, and eventually Europe by the Middle Ages. During the age of
European exploration, rice was introduced to the Americas, where it became a major crop in
countries like the United States, Brazil, and Colombia.
Today, rice remains one of the most important cereal crops globally, feeding billions of people
daily. Its cultivation continues to be significant in Asia, while new varieties and cultivation
methods are constantly being developed to improve yield, resistance to diseases, and
environmental sustainability.
RICE PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Rice production in India is significant both in terms of quantity and economic importance. Here
are some key points:
1. Global Leader: India is one of the largest producers of rice in the world, consistently
ranking among the top three alongside China and Indonesia.
2. Major Crop: Rice is a staple food for a large portion of the Indian population, particularly
in regions like South India and the Eastern states. It plays a crucial role in ensuring food
security.
3. Geographical Distribution: Rice cultivation in India is spread across various agro-climatic
zones, from the Gangetic plains of North India to the deltas of South India and the
Northeastern states. This diversity allows for both irrigated and rain-fed cultivation.
4. Varietal Diversity: India grows a wide variety of rice, including both traditional and
modern high-yielding varieties suited to different ecological conditions.
5. Production Trends: Annual rice production in India has shown steady growth over the
years due to technological advancements, improved irrigation facilities, and government
policies aimed at supporting farmers.
6. Challenges: Despite its success, the sector faces challenges such as water management
issues, pest outbreaks, and the need for sustainable agricultural practices.
7. Government Initiatives: The Indian government implements various schemes and
subsidies to support rice farmers, enhance productivity, and ensure fair prices for their
produce.
Overall, rice production in India not only meets domestic consumption needs but also contributes
significantly to global rice trade, making it a cornerstone of the country’s agricultural economy.
India is the world’s second-largest producer of rice, and the largest exporter of rice in the world.
Rice is one of the chief grains of India. Moreover, this country has the largest area under rice
cultivation. As it is one of the principal food crops. It is, in fact, the dominant crop of the country.
India is one of the leading producers of this crop. Rice is the basic food crop and being a tropical
plant, it flourishes comfortably in a hot and humid climate. Rice is mainly grown in rain-fed
areas that receive heavy annual rainfall. That is why it is fundamentally a kharif crop in India. It
demands a temperature of around 25 degrees Celsius and above, and rainfall of more than 100
cm (39 in). Rice is also grown through irrigation in those areas that receive less rainfall.[citation
needed] Rice is the staple food of eastern and southern parts of India.
Rice can be cultivated by different methods based on the type of region. But in India, traditional
methods are still in use for harvesting rice. The fields are initially plowed and fertilizer is applied
which typically consists of cow dung, and then the field is smoothed. The seeds are transplanted
by hand and then through proper irrigation, the seeds are cultivated. Rice grows on a variety of
soils like silts, loams and gravels. It can tolerate alkaline as well as acid soils. However, clayey
loam is well suited to the raising of this crop. Actually, the clayey soil can be easily converted
into the mud in which rice seedlings can be transplanted easily. Proper care has to be taken as
this crop thrives if the soil remains wet and is underwater during its growing years. Rice fields
should be level and should have low mud walls for retaining water. In the plain areas, excess
rainwater is allowed to inundate the rice fields and flow slowly. Rice raised in the well-watered
lowland areas is known as lowland or wet rice. In the hilly areas, slopes are cut into terraces for
the cultivation of rice. Thus, the rice grown in the hilly areas is known as dry or upland rice. The
yield of upland rice per hectare is comparatively less than that of wet rice.
The regions cultivating this crop in India are distinguished as the western coastal strip, the
eastern coastal strip, covering all the primary deltas, Assam plains and surrounding low hills,
foothills and Terri region- along the Himalayas and states like West Bengal, Bihar, eastern Uttar
Pradesh, eastern Madhya Pradesh, northern Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. India, being a land of
the eternal growing season, and the deltas of the Ganges-Brahmaputra(in West Bengal), Kaveri
River, Krishna River, Godavari River, Indravati River and Mahanadi River with a thick set-up of
canal irrigation like Hirakud Dam and Indravati Dam, permits farmers to raise two, and in some
pockets, even three crops a year. Irrigation has made even three crops a year possible. Irrigation
has made it feasible even for Punjab and Haryana, known for their baked climate, to grow rice.
They even export their excess to other states. Punjab and Haryana grow prized rice for export
purposes. The hilly terraced fields from Kashmir to Assam are ideally suited for rice farming,
with age-old hill irrigational conveniences. High yielding kinds, enhanced planting methods,
promised irrigation water supply and mounting use of fertilizers have together led to beneficial
and quick results. It is the rain fed-area that cuts down average yields per hectare.
In some states like West Bengal, Assam, and Orissa two crops of rice are raised in a year. The
Winter season in northwestern India is extremely cold for rice. Rice is considered as the master
crop of coastal India and in some regions of eastern India, where during the summer and
monsoon seasons, both high temperature and heavy rainfall provide ideal conditions for the
cultivation of rice. Almost all parts of India are suitable for raising rice during the summer
season provided that water is available. Thus, rice is also raised even in those parts of western
Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana where low-level areas are waterlogged during the summer
monsoon rainy season.
Winter rice crop is a long duration crop and summer rice crop is a short duration crop. At some
places in the eastern and southern parts of India, rice crop of short duration is followed by the
rice crop of long duration. Winter rice crop is raised preferably in low-lying areas that remain
flooded mainly during the rainy season. Autumn rice is raised in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh. Summer, autumn, and winter rice
crops are raised in West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, and Orissa. Summer rice crop is raised
on a small scale and a small area. However, the winter rice crop is actually the leading rice crop
accounting for a major portion of the total Hectare under rice in all seasons in the country.
Moreover, in the last few years, several steps to augment yield per hectare were taken up very
seriously at all levels. India ranks fourth in the production of wheat & second in the production
of rice in the world. Favorable Geographical Condition for Wheat Cultivation: In India, wheat is
a winter crop. Wheat requires a moderately cool climate with moderate.
RICE INDUSTRY
Rice is the most common staple food in many Asian countries including India. Rice is India’s
most significant food crop. It is a Kharif (autumn) crop cultivated in warmer regions during the
monsoon season from June to September. Rice is extracted from the paddy crop during
harvesting. The leading rice-producing states were West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh,
Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha. Over 3,000 varieties of rice are grown
across the country, some of which take as less as 60 to 75 days to be grown. The South Asian
peninsular ranked second for consumption of rice globally. This barely comes as a surprise when
more than half of the Indian population consumes rice. Of all varieties, white rice is most
consumed as it also helps with digestive problems.
RICE EXPORTS FROM INDIA
India was the world’s largest rice exporter, followed by Thailand and Vietnam. The export of rice
other than the basmati variety increased by a whopping 109 percent since 2014, with parboiled
rice making up the majority of exports in this category. Milled rice, broken rice, rice in husk, and
husked brown rice were also exported. The country exported rice to over 150 nations, continuing
to extend its market share in Africa, Asia, and Europe. In 2022, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, and
the United Arab Emirates were the major importers of Indian rice.
IMPACT OF RICE PRODUCTION
Rice requires highly specific environmental conditions to grow. After maize, rice was the world’s
most produced crop. India ranked second in rice production globally. This volume amounted to
over 129 million metric tons in financial year 2022. The Indian rice industry is positively
impacted by government support for rice production, suitable monsoon season, an increase in the
number of rice processing industries, and exports. However, climate change has had an impact
on the crop seasons, along with high fertilizers prices, inadequate irrigation systems, and issues
within the farming communities. The most recent of the latter involved the farmer protests, one
of the largest demonstrations in the world. Despite these shortcomings, however, the annual yield
of rice was 2.8 metric tons per hectare in fiscal year 2022, significantly higher than the previous
year. This text provides general information. Statists assumes no liability for the information
given being complete or correct. Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-
date data than referenced in the text.
2.2 COMPANY PROFILE
KOTTARAM RICE MILL is an organization that specializes in providing comprehensive range
of Palakkadan matta & almost all other rice varieties too. Initially the Mill was set up in 2007
then started functioning as a Pvt. Ltd. Company in 2012. Under the guidance of the owner Mr.
Pushpangathan. V.R, the company has emerged as key player in the domain of Agricultural
Industry. They were engaged milling processing and supply of finest quality of Palakkad Matta
rice. The Matta rice offered by them is highly appreciated among the clients for its rich taste and
it meet daily fiber requirement. They process all rice under hygienic conditions using advanced
machines. Annual turnover of the firm is about 26-30 crores.
RESOURCEFUL FARMING
We are promoting a sustainable kind of agriculture to replenish the environment with nutrients
even after agriculture. Normally, the farming practices have been depleting the soil quality,
causing soil erosion and salinization due to excessive and uncontrolled tilling and unnatural
irrigation practices. Studies have shown that this trend has been unhealthy for agriculture over
the years. Thus, it is essential to bring in interventions to improve our agricultural ecosystem.
QUALITY
We ensure the genuineness of Parboiled White Rice, Palakkadan matta and Basmati Rice through
our high tech machines. We have quality equipment with which we can shield our products
against dust, grime, and moisture.
VISION
“To be a leading provider of high-quality rice products, renowned for our commitment to
excellence, innovation in processing techniques, and sustainable agricultural practices. We aim to
consistently exceed customer expectations while promoting growth and prosperity for our
stakeholders and the community.”
This vision statement emphasizes quality, innovation, sustainability, customer satisfaction, and
community engagement as core values that guide Kottaram Rice Mill towards its future goals.
MISSION
KOTTARAM RICE MILL is likely to ensure the highest quality rice production, maintain strict
adherence to food safety standards, promote sustainable farming practices, and provide excellent
customer service. Additionally, they might aim to contribute positively to the local economy by
supporting farmers and creating employment opportunities within the community.
MILLING OBJECTIVES OF KOTTARAM RICE MILL
Producing edible rice that is three of husk stones and other unwanted materials.
Minimize grain breakage and wastage.
Maximize the rice yield.
2.3 PRODUCT PROFILE
Basmati rice
One of the major form of rice produced in KOTTARAM RICE MILL is basmati rice. Basmati
rice is the type of long grain that is popular among Indian cuisine and ethnic dishes.
Brown rice
Another major form of tice produced in KOTTARAM RICE MIL is Brown rice Brown rice is
healthy rice.
