Industrial Electronics

University Of Engineering And Technology

Abbottabad Campus

Industrial Electronics
Lab Report
Department Of Electronic Engineering

8th Semester Spring 2022

Name Sanaullah Hukam

Reg id 18ABELT0793

Class no 04

Lab no 07

Dated May 10, 2022

Submitted to

Engr. Sir Malak Adnan

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LAB REPORT NO.7

INTRODUCTION SENSORS, SWITCHES AND CONTROLL VALVES

1-Objectives
Upon completion of this lab, one will be able to
 Understand Sensors.
 Performance of sensors.
 Temperature sensors and their types.
 Input Switches for PLC and their types.
 Control valves used and practice examples.
 Valves sequencing.
 Design examples in PLC Simulator to provide a study of the fundamentals of
developing, drawing and understanding event driven devices.

2-Pre task
Sensors:

The term sensor is used for an input device that provides a usable output in response to a
specified physical input. For example, a thermocouple is a sensor which converts a
temperature difference into an electrical output. The term transducer is generally used for a
device that converts a signal from one form to a different physical form. Thus sensors are
often transducers, but also other devices can be transducers, e.g. a motor which converts an
electrical input into rotation.

3- lab tasks
Task1: Temperature control

 Consider the task of using PLC as an ON/OFF controller for heater.

 The heater will switch ON if the temperature falls below the required temperature and it will turns
OFF if the temperature is above the rated temperature.

 This will be done by simple NOT gate as an application.

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Ladder diagram:

Figure 1: Ladder diagram Task 1

Simulations:

Here Figure 2 shows the sensor value is zero, output Heater is turned ON.

Figure 2: Simulation Task1

Here Figure 3 shows the sensor value is one, output Heater is turned OFF.

Figure 3: Simulation Task1

Task2:

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 Consider a complex control of temperature sensing.

 A boiler is providing hot water for use at home and also for radiator to make the room
hot.

 There are three sensor, one for room temperature sensing and other two are boiler
sensor and hot water sensor.

 A clock is also provided to run the operation at specific time of the day.

Memory allocation for ladder programing variables:

Figure 4: Memory allocation for task 2

Ladder diagram and simulation:

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Here Figure 5 shows the hot water sensor, room temperature sensor and boiler sensor, all are
ON, so that the output is ON as well as the both motors 1 and 2 are ON.

Figure 5: simulations task2a

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Here Figure 6 shows the hot water sensor and boiler sensor are ON, so that the output is
ON. And motor 1 is ON.

Figure 6: Simulations task2a

Here Figure 7 shows the Room temperature sensor and boiler sensor are ON, so that the
output is ON. and motor 2 is ON.

Figure 7: Simulations task 2

Task3:
Direction control valves and sequencing:

Consider the task of obtaining cyclic movement of a piston in a cylinder. This might be to
periodically push work pieces into position in a machine tool with another similar, but out of
phase, arrangement being used to remove completed work pieces. Figure shows the valve and

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piston arrangement that might be used, a possible ladder program and chart indicating the
timing of each output.

Ladder diagram:

Figure 8: Memory allocation task 3

Figure 9: Ladder Diagram task 3

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Simulations:

Here Figure 10 shows that the start button is ON and time is about 0.594s which is less than 2s so solenoid
B is ON. i.e piston is moving toward right side.

Figure 10: Simulations Task 3

Here Figure 11 shows that the start button is ON and time is about 2s and 0.578s. So solenoid A is ON. i.e
piston is moving toward left side.

Figure 11:Simulations task 3

Consider both timers set for 10 s. When the start contacts X400 are closed, timer T450 starts. Also
there is an output from Y431. The output Y431 is one of the solenoids used to actuate the valve.
When it is energized it causes the pressure supply P to be applied to the right-hand end of the
cylinder and the left-hand side to be connected to the vent to the atmosphere. The piston thus
moves to the left. After 10 s, the normally open T450 contacts close and the normally closed T450
contacts open. This stops the output Y431, starts the timer T451 and energizes the output Y430. As a
result, the pressure supply P is applied to the left-hand side of the piston and the right-hand side
connected to the vent to the atmosphere. The piston now moves to the right. After 10 s, the T451
normally closed contacts are opened. This causes the normally closed contacts of T450 to close and
so Y431 is energized. Thus the sequence repeats itself.

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Post task:
• Consider a task involving three pistons A, B and C that have to be actuated in the
sequence: A to the right, A to the left, B to the right, B to the left, C to the right, C to
the left (such a sequence is often written A+, A−, B+, B−, C+, C−).

• Give a delay of 4 seconds for each movement to stay.

Ladder diagram:

Figure 12: Memory allocation for Post lab task

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Figure 13:Ladder Diagram for post lab task

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Figure 14: Ladder diagram Zoomed view

Simulations:

Here the Figure 15 shows that the start button is ON and a minus is ON. But actually it operates as
fisrt Aplus is turned ON then wait for 4s and then A_minus is turned ON. Then again waits for 4
second B_plus is Turned ON. And then it goes B_minus, C_plus and C_minus, and the repeates itself
in same pattern with the dealy of 4s of each state.

Figure 15:Simulations for post lab task

Conclusion:

The desired output is achieved.

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