Woodbury University School of Architecture

Studio Two : FLO-MO

ARCH 102 | DCMG 201

Semester: Spring 2024

Time: Tuesday and Friday 1:15-6:15
Location: AB 104-107
Instructors: Ciro Dimson: ciro.dimson@woodbury.edu
Erin Wright: erin.wright@woodbury.edu
Phoebe Webster: phoebe.webster@woodbury.edu
Vincent Yung (Coordinator): vincent.yung@woodbury.edu

Catalog Description

NAAB Student Performance Criteria:

Studio Two provides an intellectual and conceptual foundation for engaging in the study of
architecture. Students learn fundamental skills for analyzing, generating, and representing tectonic
systems with precision and clarity in a wide range of media including drawings, diagrams, and
physical models. Students are introduced to digital design and fabrication tools and learn to develop
productive workflows between the two. Qualitative issues of mass, space, circulation, frame, and
enclosure are foregrounded in the production of a 5,000–10,000 sq. ft. project. Studio.

Six Unit Studio.

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Table of Contents:

NAAB Learning Outcomes 4

Course Description 5

Final Grade Calculation and Assignment 6

Overviews

Cost and Tools 8

Attendance and Participation Policy 9

Course Schedule 10

Department Policy and Procedures 11

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Learning Outcomes

NAAB Student Performance Criteria:

PC.2 Design: How the program instills in students the role of the design process in shaping
the built environment and conveys the methods by which design processes integrate
multiple factors, in different settings and scales of development, from buildings to cities.

Learning Outcome: Identify and arrange tectonic elements.

PC.7 Learning and Teaching Culture: How the program fosters and ensures a positive and
respectful environment that encourages optimism, respect, sharing, engagement, and
innovation among its faculty, students, administration, and staff.

Learning Outcome: Discuss ideas and methods in desk crits and pin-ups.

SC.4 Technical Knowledge: How the program ensures that students understand the
established and emerging systems, technologies, and assemblies of building construction,
and the methods and criteria architects use to assess those technologies against the
design, economics, and performance objectives of projects.

Learning Outcome: Identify and diagram building construction and assembly

processes including materials, components, and building processes that address
issues of sustainability and the methods and criteria used to asses those
technologies against the design, economics and performance objectives of
projects,

SC.6 Building Integration: How the program ensures that students develop the ability to
make design decisions within architectural projects while demonstrating integration of
building envelope systems and assemblies, structural systems, environmental control
systems, life safety systems, and the measurable outcomes of building performance.

Learning Outcome: Design buildings and sites that integrate building construction
and assembly processes including materials, components, and building processes
that address issues of sustainability and to measure the performance outcome of
those design choices.

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Course Description

This studio titled “FLO-MO” will be grounded in the fundamentals of architectural design thinking,
material prototyping, digital modeling, and thoughtful representation. Building on the introductory
design principles of formal composition in Studio One, Studio Two introduces the ground as a site of
architectural possibilities. Beginning with contextual site-specific exploration, the studio engages
multiple scales of working; the scale of the city and the scale of the body. Students are introduced to
architectural conventions of diagramming, orthographic drawing, and model production. These skills
reinforce the design process from initial conceptual research to a clear architectural proposal.
Lectures will supplement the research and generate awareness on community stewardship and
current design advocacy. The semester will culminate in an individual design proposal for a public
building in Los Angeles Historic Park.

Collaboration Program: Woodbury University x SCI-Arc X USC

Recognizing the many exemplary architectural institutions in Southern California, Studio Two is a pilot
program with the Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc) and University of Southern
California (USC). This collaboration will be enacted through field trips and lecture series visits. The
goal of the project is to strengthen connection and collaboration between student and faculty
communities in Southern California. The program recognizes the power of open dialogue outside the
studio environment and fosters architecture discourse built through community.

Learning Objectives

Students will generate ideas of Form, Shape, Pattern, Color, and Material. The assignment briefs will
engage students' ability to tackle each of these categories and produce a critical way of working
within the studio. Architectural thinking and communication become important skills that students will
develop through the semester. Lectures will introduce a set of language that allows for a deeper
understanding of the existing architectural discourse. Students will learn current digital and analog
skills that engage with broader graphic and image making practices within and beyond architecture.

Technical Learning Outcomes:

-Orthographic Projection: Elevation, Plan, Section, Axonometric, RCP

-Diagramming and Analysis: Written, Verbal and Graphic
-Physical Modelling: Cut, Score, Glue of board and soft materials, Woodshop, Laser Cutting, 3D
printing, Material Finishes
-Digital Modelling: Varied techniques, 2D to 3D translation, Texture and Pattern Rendering -Model
Photography: Lighting, Compositing, Photo Stitching, Post Processing
-Presentation: Portfolio making, Plotting, Slideshow Presentations

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Final Grade Calculation

Assignment 1: 15%
Assignment 2: 15%
Assignment 3: 20%
Assignment 4: 35%
Participation: 15%

Assignment Overview:

Assignment Sheets will be distributed throughout the semester. Each assignment sheet will provide
detailed information on the grading rubric and learning outcomes.

Assignment One: Mapping (3 Weeks)

The first assignment is a mapping exercise of the Los Angeles Historic Park and surrounding
neighborhoods. Students will perform a grounding exercise on site and create their own maps of
selected foci and their movements. By diagramming at a scale of a city, each student will generate a
position on producing patterns, lines, and points. Students will present their research as a collective
and be displayed on campus.

Assignment Two: FLO-MO LABS (3 Weeks)

In the second assignment, students will form pairs and prototype a water fountain. Working with
geological features as reference, students will build a full-scale water fountain. This project
culminates in a presentation package of their model prototype development, material research,
orthographic drawings, as well as video and photos of their fountain in action.

Assignment Three: Site Schemes (4 Weeks)

In the third project, students will be introduced to a program for a small public building in Los Angeles
Historic Park. Using components of assignments 1 and 2, students will develop a set of massing
schemes, material interests and models. This project will introduce volume, interior/ exterior
relationships, and circulation considerations. The work culminates in a midterm presentation.

Assignment Four: Building Proposal (6 Weeks)

The final project will be a full proposal drawing and image set for the public building. It will be a
continuation of the work produced in Project Three. Students will generate a clear defense of how
their building operates with a sensitivity to its surrounding context. Students will develop a sectional
idea of the ground and produce a detailed plan and final model. This project culminates with a final
review and the completion of the first-year undergraduate curriculum.

Evaluation and Assessment Criteria:

Each assignment will have its own grading rubric. The rubric will be discussed during the handout of
each assignment. There will be six main categories for each grading rubric:

1. Research Analysis
2. Concept Development
3. Spatial, Formal and Tectonic Development
4. Drawing Composition
5. Fabrication and Craft
6. Communication and Collaboration

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Calculation Of Grade
Letter grades are converted to numeric values using the following values:

Letter GPA % Definition

A 4.00-3.84 96-100 Student learning and accomplishment far exceeds published objectives
for the course/test/assignment and student work is distinguished
consistently by is high level of competency and/or innovation.
A- 3.83-3.50 92-95

B+ 3.49-3.17 88-91 Student learning and accomplishment goes beyond what is expected in
the published objectives for the course/test/assignment and student
work is frequently characterized by its special depth of understanding,
B 3.16-2.84 84-87
development, and/or innovative experimentation.

B- 2.83-2.50 80-83 Students learning and accomplishment meets all published objectives
for the course/test/assignment and the student work demonstrates the
expected level of understanding, and application of concepts
C+ 2.49-2.17 76-79
introduced.

C 2.16-1.84 72-75

C- 1.83-1.50 68-71 Student learning and accomplishment based on the published

objectives for the course/test/assignment were met with minimum
passing achievement.
D+ 1.49-1.17 64-67

D 1.16-0.60 60-63

F 0.00-0.60 < 60 Student learning and accomplishment based on the published

objectives for the course/test/assignment were not sufficiently
addressed nor met.

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Estimate of Costs

It is estimated that each student will spend $500 on materials and printing resources.

Expected Software

-Rhino3D
-Adobe Creative Suite: Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, After Effects -VRay Render for Rhino and/or
Rhino Render
-Microsoft Teams

Tech Specifications:

Similar to Studio One, you will need to have access to a computer that can run the following
softwares: Rhino3D, Adobe Creative Suite: Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, After Effects, Vray
Render for Rhino and/or Rhino Render, Microsoft Teams. If you have access issues or questions
about purchasing a computer, please contact the studio coordinator.

Tools:

You may own some of these tools already from Studio One. These tools will be used throughout your
degree, we recommend owning your own set or sharing amongst peers. A sketchbook will be
important for Studio Two for field notes and site sketches.

-Sketchbook
-Olfa Knife with replacement blades
-X-Acto Knife with #11 blade
-Hot Wire Cutter
-Cutting Mat (self healing, min 18” x 24”)
-Metal straight edge ruler (24”-36”) eg: Alumicutter) -White Glue (Elmers, Tacky Glue)
-Architectural Scale
-Tape (Scotch, Blue masking tape, Green Frog Tape) -Pins
-Trace Paper
-Pens (varied thickness)
-Pencils
-Eraser
-Scissors

Additional tools:

We understand the prohibitive costs associated with receiving an architectural education. If you are
interested in purchasing more tools, we have listed several options below. They are not mandatory.

Printer: A high quality ink-jet printer capable of printing 13x19”. For example, Canon Pixma iX620 or
Pixma Pro 100 or 200 or Epson Equivalent. Some printers allow for a mounted roll which acts as a
personal plotter.

Knife Cutter: Cricut Explore 3 or Similar Cutter. These knife cutters are better for cutting paper
material and will produce no burn marks compared to a laser cutter.

3D Printer: We do not expect you to own a 3D printer. However, if you want to buy a printer, we
recommend a PLA printer like a Prusa MK3S or Ender Printer.

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Attendance Policy

Studio Two is taught by four instructors: Ciro Dimson, Erin Wright, Phoebe Webster and Vincent
Yung. Students will be assigned to an instructor. They will move into a desk space in their instructor's
section. The studio will be in-person. Attendance is mandatory. If students are sick, please notify your
instructor via e-mail of your absence. Instructor emails are attached at the top of this syllabus. Do not
attend the studio if you are sick to prevent the spread of disease to others. Please notify your
instructor if you have further absences due to religious observance or an extenuating circumstance.

Participation Policy

We will be meeting on Tuesdays and Fridays from 1:15pm to 6:15pm PST. Students are expected to
be in class for the studio time. Studio time will consist of class wide lectures and reviews, individual
instructor section group work and one-on-one instructor feedback. Students are expected to show up
to the studio with updated work from their feedback with their instructor. This dynamic will be
evaluated as part of the participation grade.

Studio Two celebrates and participates in Woodbury’s exciting studio culture. Please maintain a level
of respect towards others during non-class hours. If there are issues with the environment of the
studio, please alert your studio instructor.

Midterm and Final Reviews will require a shared effort in setting up pin-up walls. Students should help
each other in pinning up on time. Reviews will start promptly to respect the time of the invited jurors.
Feedback during reviews and pinups should be taken professionally. The goal of the review is to grow
as an architecture student. The ability to accept critique and generate productive conversation with
your instructor is an invaluable tool in your academic career and professional development as a
designer.

Fieldtrips:

This studio will have three field trips this semester. Attendance on field trips will count towards
participation grade. Please contact the coordinator if there is an excused absence for the fieldtrips.
The studio coordinator will send out an email notification on when and where to meet on field trip
days. Field trips will only take place on Fridays and will be during the 1:15pm-6:15pm window. See
schedule for specific field trip dates. Students are expected to navigate themselves to the field trip
meetup point. Carpools are recommended.

Submitting Late Work:

Late work will not be accepted. Please contact your instructor if you have an extenuating
circumstance that will result in late work.

Moodle/Teams/Linktree Policy

Class resources will be uploaded to Moodle. Instructors will upload section specific instructions to
their own section Moodle. Microsoft Teams and Outlook will be the communication software for the
studio. Our studio will also have resources on our studio linktr.ee:
https://linktr.ee/flo_mo

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Course Schedule:

Schedule will be updated periodically to adjust to current studio flows.

Month Week Studio Tuesdays Studio Fridays

Jan Week 1 1/16 1/19

Intro Studio Field Trip #1: Chinatown/ LA Historic
Launch Assignment 1 Park/ LA River Neighborhood

Week 2 1/23 1/26

Studio Studio (Add/Drop Deadline)
Feb Week 3 1/30 2/2
Review Assignment 1 Studio
Launch Assignment 2
Grand Critique @ 5pm
Week 4 2/6 2/9
Studio Studio
Week 5 2/13 2/16
Studio Review Assignment 2
Launch Assignment 3
Week 6 2/20 2/23
No Class (University Enrichment Field Trip #2
Day)
Mar Week 7 2/27 3/1
Studio Studio
Week 8 3/5 3/8
Studio Studio
(Last day to withdraw)
Week 9 3/12 3/15
No Class (Spring Break No Class (Spring Break 3/11-3/15)
3/11-3/15)
Week 10 3/19 3/22
Studio Midterm: Review Field Trip #3: TBD
Assignment 3
Week 11 3/26 3/29
Launch Assignment 4 No Class (University Enrichment Day)

Apr Week 12 4/2 4/5

Studio Studio

Week 13 4/9 4/12

Studio Studio

Week 14 4/16 4/19

Studio Studio

Week 15 4/23 4/26

Studio Mock Final

May Week 16 4/29-5/3 Studio Final (TBD)

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Technical support contact information:
helpdesk@woodbury.edu

Protecting Privacy and Data During Remote Instruction:

This class is being conducted over MS Teams/Ring Central and Moodle. As the host, the instructor
may be recording the sessions. The recording feature for others is disabled so that no one else will
be able to record the sessions. No recording by other means is permitted. The sessions will be
posted on the Moodle class website unless otherwise notified. In case of privacy concerns and
individual students wanting not to appear in the recording, the student must contact the Office of
Student Affairs and apply for an exemption. Students must complete an Accommodations Request
Form, which can be downloaded from http://go.woodbury.edu, and found under “Academic
Resources.” Accommodations cannot be granted prior to the instructor’s receipt of a Notification of
Academic Accommodation Plan (NAAP) from the Disabilities Coordinator. Accommodations are
never provided retroactively. If the student prefers to use a pseudonym instead of the real name,
please let the instructor know what name will be used so that the instructor knows who you the
student is during the session.

Web Cam Usage:

To ensure the optimal learning and engagement happens during online course sessions, students
are asked to keep their video cameras on during such class meetings, and mute themselves unless
they need to speak or present. This approach is congruent with in-class participation where students
are visible to one another and the instructor. If a student has a compelling reason to keep his or her
camera off during a class session, (s)he should contact the instructor about this prior to the course
meeting.

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DEPARTMENT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Woodbury University is committed to making reasonable
accommodations to assist individuals with disabilities in
Requirements for Documentation and Archiving reaching their academic potential. Students desiring
Each student must submit documentation of the full accommodations due to a physical, learning or
semester’s work at the end of each term, in pdf format. psychological disability must first complete an
Materials should include research, writing, and design work, Accommodations Request Form, which can be downloaded
including important study models and sketches. Studio from http://go.woodbury.edu, and found under “Academic
faculty will further define how this work should be organized Resources.” Accommodations cannot be granted prior to
and presented before the end of the semester. Failure to the instructor’s receipt of a Notification of Academic
submit the required documentation in usable format may Accommodation Plan (NAAP) from the Disabilities
result in a grade reduction in the final grade of the semester. Coordinator. Accommodations are never provided
Documentation of the studio work is essential for the NAAB retroactively. (For more information, contact the Disabilities
accreditation process and assessment of the architecture Coordinator in the Whitten Center (818) 394-3345.)
program. All Documents must be labeled as follows
Coursenumber_facultylastname_studentlastname_assignme Academic Honesty
ntnumber. Academic integrity is important for two reasons: first,
independent and original scholarship ensures that students
The university reserves the right to retain student work for and scholars derive the most from their educational
archival purposes. Projects/models, assignments, and experience and the pursuit of knowledge. Second,
exams will be kept at the department’s discretion for this academic dishonesty violates the most fundamental values
purpose. Students will be asked to help with archiving their of a community of scholars and depreciates the
projects at the end of the semester. achievements of the entire University community.
Accordingly, Woodbury University views academic
Writing Requirements dishonesty as one of the most serious offenses that a
All written work must meet the standards for English. Poorly member of our community can commit. Adherence to the
written papers may be returned without a grade for revision Academic Honesty Policy reflects the commitment of our
and resubmission and may be subject to grade reduction. community to the ideals of learning, research, and
Students are encouraged to utilize the Woodbury Writing scholarship. See Catalog for the complete Academic
Center. Link is here. Honesty Policy.

Studio Culture Grade Requirements

The studio environment is an essential component in Refer to the Woodbury University catalog for grading
learning to become an architect. One goal of the School of standards and policies.
Architecture is to create a vibrant, exploratory, safe, and
respectful learning culture for students. Only through Environmental Responsibility
respect between faculty and students, as well as students Studio projects shall be designed in a socially and
among themselves, can a healthy educational studio culture environmentally responsible manner. All projects should
be fostered. Students are required to uphold high standards reduce dependencies on non-renewable resources.
of behavior and academic discipline while in the studio. See
the full Studio Guidelines and Studio Culture Policy for more Class Attendance
information. All students must agree to studio guidelines It is mandatory that students take advantage of all
prior to receiving access to studio spaces and a studio scheduled course time. Regular attendance at EVERY class
desk. is expected throughout the duration of the class/studio time.
Arrival at the beginning of the class period is required.
School Policy on Social Equity and Diversity Lateness or early departure will be considered as an
Our mission is to provide an environment where people can absence. ‘Regular and prompt attendance at all university
learn, teach and work with a shared sense of purpose, core classes is required. The instructor is not obligated to assign
values and respect without bias towards individual beliefs, extra work or to prepare additional examinations for classes
values and areas of difference. We do this to create a missed. It is understood that when 15% of the class time
community that respects and values the full and equal has been missed, the student’s absence rate is excessive.
inclusion of its members. Our goal is to provide an Each instructor will announce his/her attendance policy in
environment that is welcoming and inclusive of all. the course syllabus.

Universal Pedagogy Attendance of synchronous classes will be measured

through attendance of the Teams meetings. Students are

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required to have their camera turned on for the entire class emergencies should immediately be directed to campus
session to be counted as present. If technical or privacy security (818-252-5208). Academic concerns should be
issues prevent the student from having the camera turned directed first to the student’s instructor, and then to the
on, then the student must contact the Office of Student studio coordinator as appropriate. If further consultation is
Affairs and apply for an exemption. Students must complete required, the student is advised to meet with the coordinator
an Accommodations Request Form, which can be and/or the Chair.
downloaded from http://go.woodbury.edu, and found under
“Academic Resources.” Accommodations cannot be Class Syllabus and Structure
granted prior to the instructor’s receipt of a Notification of While every effort will be made to follow the outline of the
Special Needs Release Form from the Disabilities published syllabus, course structure and calendar may be
Coordinator. Accommodations are never provided changed at the instructor or coordinator’s discretion.
retroactively. Announcements will be made if such changes occur.
Students who miss class are responsible for tracking any
Attendance of asynchronous classes will be measured such announcements.
through the last access to the course in Moodle,
participation in quizzes and online discussions, as well as ONLINE COURSE DELIVERY POLICIES AND
submitted assignments by the required day and time. GUIDELINES

Excused Absence Formats of delivery:

Students should report any illness or emergency to their Synchronous online: All instruction is provided via the
course instructor, preferably before missing the class, by Internet and no face-to-face instruction is required. Faculty
emailing the instructor. Medical reasons for absences and learners meet for regularly scheduled class sessions.
can alternatively be shared with the school nurse and/or the
coordinator for the ODAS (disabilities office) who will Synchronous activities provide real-time dialogue that can
notify instructor of receipt without revealing specific provide the human interaction that is needed among our
information. Woodbury student population.

Students who anticipate absence due to religious asynchronous online: All instruction is provided via the
observance or similar commitments should speak with their Internet and no face-to-face instruction is required. Faculty
instructor at the start of the term to review all dates in and learners do not meet for regularly scheduled class
question and develop a plan to meet all course sessions.
requirements. Students who miss classes should be
prepared to complete work prior to courses missed. Asynchronous activities allow students with the flexibility to
complete certain course work at their own pace, within
Email reason. It also allows students time to think, write, and
Students are advised to meet with their instructors during reflect.
posted office hours. Face-to-face communication in
discussing and resolving problems is preferable to email hybrid with synchronous online: An instructional delivery
exchanges. Additionally, meetings must be scheduled in method which combines the traditional delivery and the
advance using email correspondence. Email synchronous distance delivery formats.
correspondence must be written in a respectful and
professional manner. It is the student’s responsibility to hybrid with asynchronous online: An instructional delivery
consistently check for email. students should use their method which combines the traditional delivery and the
official woodbury.edu email account. synchronous distance delivery formats.

Due to confidentiality and FERPA requirements all faculty, traditional: This delivery method allows learners and faculty
staff and students, when corresponding through email, must to meet in person or as a group for regularly scheduled
use their university provided Woodbury.edu email accounts. class sessions either on campus or at another physical
Students are encouraged to check this email address location.
regularly as it is the only email address in which they will
receive official course or university information. Type of course:
Lecture: Refers to the first or primary organization of non-
Grievance Protocol lab class instruction, e.g., a lecture where instructor-based
Students should use the following protocol for questions, material is presented, or a seminar where material is
grievances, or general concerns about coursework and the analyzed and discussed by both students and instructor.
studio environment. Health and safety concerns and Also includes case studies and team-based learning

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situations. Class meeting time equals 50 minutes per unit syllabus should also indicate how IT will support students’
per week. online technical needs.

Studio: Refers to situations where the student is engaged in All required materials, including readings, videos, lectures
the practice and use of techniques for productions in the will be posted on and can be accessed through Moodle.
areas of architecture, interior design, graphic design, and
other design forms. This instruction is used to further All assignments must be submitted through Moodle or
advance student's skills in their field of design. The OneDrive, depending on file size and faculty instructions.
instructor role varies from direct assistance to simple
availability for questions and supervision. Class meeting Exams and quizzes will be administered through either
time equals 100 minutes per unit per week. Moodle or Proctorio. Students are required to install the
Proctorio Extension in advance.
Laboratory: Refers to the first organization of laboratory
class instruction unless one of the other classifications Protecting Privacy and Data During Remote Instruction
above is more appropriate. Includes both group instruction This class is being conducted over Teams and Moodle. As
and individualized instruction such as biology and physics the host, the instructor may be recording the sessions. The
lessons, supervised computing exercises, and hands-on recording feature for others is disabled so that no one else
activities. Class meeting time equals 50 minutes per unit per will be able to record the sessions. No recording by other
week. means is permitted. The sessions will be posted on the
Moodle class website unless otherwise notified. In case of
Length of sessions: privacy concerns and individual students wanting not to
16-week (Fall/Spring) appear in the recording, the student must contact the Office
7-week intensive format (Fall/Spring) of Student Affairs and apply for an exemption. Students
5-week intensive format (Fall/Spring) must complete an Accommodations Request Form, which
10-week (Summer) can be downloaded from http://go.woodbury.edu, and found
6-week (Summer Super Sessions) under “Academic Resources.” Accommodations cannot be
granted prior to the instructor’s receipt of a Notification of
Online / Hybrid Requirements Special Needs Release Form from the Disabilities
Students must have basic computer skills, including the use Coordinator. Accommodations are never provided
of word processing software, email, and the ability to use retroactively. If the student prefers to use a pseudonym
internet browsers, such as Safari, Firefox, or Chrome. instead of the real name, please let the instructor know what
name will be used so that the instructor knows who you the
All communication by email will be using the assigned student is during the session.
woodbury.edu address. Students are required to access this
email account on a daily base to ensure timely Pursuant to the terms of the agreement between the
communication. vendors (Moodle and Teams) and Woodbury University, the
data is used solely for this purpose and the vendor is
Woodbury University’s Learning Management System (LMS) prohibited from re-disclosing this information. Woodbury
of record is Moodle. Moodle should be used to provide University also does not use the data for any other purpose.
students information they need to plan, prepare, and learn Recordings will be deleted when no longer necessary.
in the course. This information includes, but is not limited to: However, the recording may become part of an
(a) your course syllabus; (b) assignment due dates, administrative disciplinary record if misconduct occurs
instructions, and grading rubrics; (c) course schedule; (d) during a video conference.
additional course materials and links, etc.; and/or (e)
exams.

Students are responsible for meeting the technical

requirements of Moodle and Teams and to familiarize
themselves with the Moodle Learning Management System
and Teams Communications System.

IT provides a Moodle (and Teams for online delivery)

orientation “course” visible to students enrolled in all
courses. Students unfamiliar with Moodle are required to
review or consult it as needed. This ensures class time is
dedicated to course content and not technical tutorials. The

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