1. When was the last time you attended a church service? 1.

? 1. I worked all day and no one lifted a… finger… to help me.

How long has it been since you last attended a church service There's something I don't like about him, but I can't put my … finger… on it.
2. He might be living in France. That was the third time managed to hit my… finger… with a hammer.
For all I know he maybe living in France 2. He used such technical terms that everything he said was over my head .
3. John went to a bar for the first time on the day he was sixteen. It's difficult to keep your head when everyone around is losing theirs.
Until John was 16, he had never been to a bar I haven't been able to get that song out of my head all day.
4. There hasn't been a bank robbery here for years. 3. Don't make light of his suggestions. Some of them are really good.
It's year since there was a bank robbery We're only here for a couple of days, so we must make the most of it.
5. He had never performed live before. It was only when I asked that he was willing to make room for us in the car.
It was the first time he had performed live 4. He worked here for a short time but his heart wasn't in it and he just left.
6. Did you have to invite them to the party? They had intended to move to the city but they must have had a change of heart
Was it necessary for you to invite them to the party I wanted to buy a small fat, but David had set his heart on a sports car.
7. It isn't possible that she knew the truth. 5. I nearly jumped out of my skin when you dropped the teapot.
She couldn’t have known the true You should eat more, Jenny. You're nothing but skin and bone.
8. Ann agreed to help only after we begged her. I know she's very helpful, but her silly laugh gets under my skin .
It was only we we begged her that Ann agreed to help us 6. Old Miss Dabbs' story is so interesting. She must have been quite a character .
1. The minister's actions deserved praise, not criticism. (been) The character of James Bond has been played by many actors.
The minister should have been praised for his actions, not criticised. Oh, it's quite in character for Ben to walk past you in the street without saying a word.
2. I didn't intend to mislead you. (my) 1. Be careful of Tom. He's an old hand at cards.
It wasn’t my intention to mislead you. Can you lend me a hand to move house on Saturday?
3. There's no way that young man can succeed in this test. (bound) They seem to live from hand to mouth, without a penny between them.
That young man is bound to fail in this test. 2. They really took Tommy for a ride when they sold him that useless radio.
4. I don't even know whether he's still alive. (all) It could have been Jimmy who took the iron to pieces.
For all I know, he may not be alive any more. Looking after the house and children took all my time so had no energy for
5. It's been over a week since the whale was last seen. (time) anything else.
The last time the whale was seen was over a week ago. 3. You can head the investigation, Mike, and you can have anyone you like to help you.
6. Does your aunt need to be met at the station? (essential) The goal was wide open, so it's a pity that Jim doesn't know how to head the ball.
Is it essential for your aunt that she be met at the station? Let's head for home if you've finished the report.
7. Edward might not agree to the proposal. (doubt) 4. She's got so much energy that she's like a ball of fire.
It's open to doubt whether Edw will agree to the proposal. If everyone's ready, I'll start the ball rolling.
8. That United will beat City is a foregone conclusion. (bound) Do you like the dress I've bought for the New Year's Eve ball
United is bound to beat City. 5. I only caught a glimpse of the man as he ran past me.
9. We were all shocked when he died. (came) When I caught my breath told him what had happened.
His death came as a sock to us all. I caught up on some much needed sleep last night.
10. Laura is likely to leave before the post arrives. (time) 6. It didn't cross my mind that you wanted to come with us.
By the time the post arrives Laura is likely to have left. I know that I'll need a bigger office soon, but I'll cross that bridge when come to it.
1. I can't understand a thing he's talking about. (tail) You'd better cross your fingers. They might not have seen us.
I can't make head tail of thing he's talking about. 1.I will never ask for his views on the political situation again. (last)
2. Don't treat it as unimportant; this is serious. (light) This is the last time I will ever ask for his views on the political situation.
Don't make light of is ; this is serious. 2. This company has never been in financial difficulties before. (time)
3. I took an aspirin for my toothache but it didn't help at all. (make) It’s the first time this company been in financial difficulties.
I took an aspirin for my toothache but it didn't help at all. 3. It's impossible that you saw her yesterday. (seen)
4. He earns his money by doing up old cars and selling them. (living) You cant have seen her yesterday.
He make a living by doing up old cars and selling them. 4. He only took up painting when he retired from work. (until)
5. Let's go away somewhere and not waste our last three days of holiday. (most) It was not until he retired from work that he took up painting.
Let's make the most of last 3 days of holiday and go away somewhere. 5. We don't know if he's coming tomorrow. (may)
6. His job is very poorly paid. He can't manage on the money. (meet) For all we know he may not be coming tomorrow.
He cant make ends meet, cause his job is very poorly paid. 6. Do I really have to wash the car? (me)
7. I want them to think I am really good. (impression) Is it necessary for me to wash the car?
I want to make a good impression on them. 7. You are intelligent enough not to have let her go alone. (known)
8. It's a quick and simple job; why do you always spend longer than necessary on it? You should to have know better than to let her go alone.
It's a quick and simple job; why do you always make a meal of it? 8. When did we last see a really good film? (been)
1.It wasn't a severe heart attack so he was soon out of bed. How long has it been since we saw a really good film?
Don't take it to heart when people criticiss you unfairly.
I walked home with a heavy heart after the funeral.
2. He was taken hostage and suffered greatly at the hands of his captors.
The treasure Schlemann found at Troy fell into the hands of Russians.
I have to obey the rules and so my hands are tied.
3. They have finally set sail for Corfu.
Someone has set fire to the school laboratory.
She had set her heart on becoming the first woman Prime Minister.
1. My brother and just don't see eye to eye .
2. When my parents were away, I had to keep an eye the children.
3. The party leader hopes to win the hearts and minds the people.
4. The arrival of three gunboats brought bring matter to a head.
5. You can't tell him anything about fishing. He's an old hands at it.
6. A beautiful porcelain vase in the display case caught my eye .
7. I gave up during the exam because the questions were over my head
8. They gave the Italian tenor a big hand for his excellent performance.
 UNIT 1 1. My boss expects everyone toe the line in the office.
1. Whatever you do, don't leave me alone. 2. The first leg of the journey will take two days.
Under no circumstances, should you leave me alone 3. Dad always sits at the head of the table.
2. The robbers did not realise that armed police were waiting for them. 4. We forgot to turn back the hands of the clock.
Little did the robbers realise that armed police were waiting for them. 5. Don't bend the book. You'll break its spine .
3. Immediately after Paul heard from Angela, her sister dropped in. 6. You'll never find it. It's in the back of beyond.
No sooner had Paul heard from Angela than her sister dropped in 7. We walked towards the foot of the mountain.
4. She was so anxious about the exam that she couldn't sleep. 8. He's got a lot of cheek to ask me for money again.
Such was her anxiety about the exam that she couldn't sleep. 9. I hate people who like to nose into other people's affairs.
5. I would have given him the job if he hadn't been so rude. 10. I'm the captain so I'll shoulder the blame for anything that happens.
Had it not been for his rudeness, I would have given him the job 1. He asked her to…hand… him the newspaper.
6. Had it not been for her support, he wouldn't have passed the exams. Under no circumstances would the terrorists…hand…over their hostages.
Without her support, he wouldn't have passed the exams. I must…hand…it to him. He always has an answer for everything
7. Had it not been for his hard work, he wouldn't have succeeded. 2. Will you teach me that card trick Joey?
But for his hard work, he wouldn't have succeeded. My brother doesn't miss a trick when it comes to making money.
8. I forgot about the appointment until I received the call. A little bit of glue will do the trick and your teapot will be as good as ever, Mum
Not until I received the call, I remember the appointment 3. We went on foot as it was such a beautiful day.
9. The public is allowed in very rarely. He stood at the foot of the stairs and gazed upwards.
Only on rare oceations? is the public allowed in Well, you really put your foot in it, that was our new boss.
10. The only way you won't lose your job is by accepting his conditions. 4. She was at a loss for words when she heard the news.
Only by accepting his conditions will you keep your job The loss of his child was a great blow to him.
KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION (based on inversion) If I sell the house now, will I make a profit or a loss
1. Smoking is strictly forbidden in this building. (should) 5. I don't think could do without my mobile phone now.
Under no circumstances should you smoke in this building. Don't forget to do up your coat; it's freezing outside.
2. The moment I walked in there was a power cut. (sooner) He promised he'll do everything within his power to help you.
No sooner had I walked in than there was a power cut. 6. I was at my wits' end with worry by the time they found the child.
3. Patients rarely make a full recovery from this disease. (cases) If you're at a loose end this evening, drop in for a game of chess.
In very few case do patients make a full recovery from this disease. I'm going to put an end to this situation, one way or another.
4. It was my first time at a rock concert. (been) 1. I'm going to the shops. Do you want to keep me company
Never before had I been a rock concert. Tanya is never at ease in the company of strangers.
5. I had no idea that we were supposed to keep a record of all our expenses. (know) Martha's uncle has started up a new company of actors.
Little did I know that we were supposed to keep a fecord of all our expenses. 2. There's nothing rare about it; it's just a common garden variety.
6. We finished on time because Karen gave us a hand. (given) That the sun moved round the Earth was a common belief centuries ago.
Had Karen not given us a hand, we wouldn’t have finished on time. She has so little in common with him that it's a wonder they're still together.
7. They did not decide to move to a bigger house until after the birth of their second child. (been) 3. Well, I've done my best but the boss is sure to find fault with my report.
Only when their second child had been born did they decide to move to a bigger house. I told you the play started at eight sharp, so it's your fault that you missed the first
8. He didn't refer to the incident at all. (point) act.
At no point did he refer to the incident. There's plenty of petrol in the car, so there must be a(n fault in the electrical
9. The two sides never looked likely to reach an agreement. (time) system.
At not time did the two sides look likely to reach an agreement. 4. The power station exposed the local inhabitants to serious respiratory diseases
10. The reason they didn't give him the job was because he couldn't use a computer. (inability) Once the local newspaper exposed his secret double life, the mayor resigned.
Had it not been for is inability touse a computer, they would have given him the job. You exposed the film too long and you can't see any details in the photograph.
1. Why do I have to do all the hard work? (donkey) 5. His shop is just a front for his illegal activities.
Why do I have to do all the donkey work? A cold front brought a blanket of snow from the north.
2. The photograph does not show all her good points. (do) General Franco came to the front during the Spanish Civil War.
The photograph doesn’t do justice to her. 6. A simile is a(n) figure of speech where you say one thing is like another.
3. The medicine produced excellent results on my grandmother. (miracles) A public figure such as a politician must expect to have his private life scrutinised.
The medicine did miracles for my grandmother. You'll keep your figure if you exercise and eat fewer sweet things.
4. Sue is always ready to help you out. (good) 1.Don't leave your car unlocked, whatever you do. (no)
Sue is always ready to help do you a good tum. Under no circumstances should you leave your car unlocked.
5. When we went to London, we visited all the interesting places. (sights) 2. You don't find such detailed maps in many atlases. (few)
We did all the sights when we went to London. In very few atlases do you find such detailed maps.
6. I'll try as hard as I can not to be late. (best) 3. His deep knowledge of the subject was never in doubt. (time)
I’ll do the best so as not to be late. At not time was his deep knowledge of the subject in doubt.
7. These tools will accomplish the task in half the time. (trick) 4. If she hadn't been personally Involved, nothing would have got done. (for)
These tools will do the trick in half the time. But for her personal involvement, nothing would got done.
8. I'll do everything I possibly can to help you. (power) 5. The examiners rarely depart from established procedure. (very)
I’ll do everything in my power to help you. In very cases do the examiners depart from established procedure.
1. We face the same problems every year. 6. They had no idea that one of their fellow workers was spying on them. (know)
Because the flats face east, they get a lot of sunlight in the morning. Little did they know that one of their fellow workers was spying on them.
Why won't you face up to the fact that you're too old to do this kind of work? 7. You are entitled to a reduction but you must apply now. (if)
2. Her husband was asked to head a committee of inquiry. Only if you apply now, are you entitled to a reduction.
I jumped into a taxi and told the driver to head for the airport. 8. The earthquake caused so much destruction that the town took years to rebuild.
In the final minutes of the game, a player managed to head the ball into the net. So destruction did the earthquake cause that the town took years to rebuild.
3. The impudent child thumbed his nose at me!
While I was walling to see the doctor, I thumbed through a magazine.
We missed the last bus so we thumbed a lift into town.

1. If you keep spending so much money, you’ll have none left 1. I’ll repeat what I’ve said for the benefit of those who came late.
Don’t spend so much money or you’ll have none left The only benefit of the new house is that it’s near the school.
2. But for his indiscretion, he would have been promoted. Maybe he had nothing to do with it, so let’s give him the benefit of the doubt.
Had he not indiscreted he would have been promoted. 2. Peter drank the best part of a bottle of vodka.
3. It was Jan’s skill that won us the match. To the of my knowledge I’ve never seen that woman before.
Had it been for Jan’s skill, he would not have won us the match. Well, I didn’t marry him and it was all for the best in the end.
4. He only took over the family business because his father decided to retire early. 3. There are no instructions, so let’s see if we can work it out by trial
But for his father’s decided for retire early, he would only have taken over the family We employed them just for a trial period
business The suspect was told that he would for murdering
5. The bad weather prevented the ship from leaving. 4. All this information is out of date k
If it were for bad weather, the ship … prevent from leaving Keeping one’s computer up to date is getting more and more difficult
6. If it hadn’t been for their support, we wouldn’t have succeeded. I’m going on a date tonight but I’ve got nothing to wear.
Thanks to their support, we would would succeeded 5. That was a delicious dinner; a meal fit for a queen hight quality fit for a king
7.Unless you go early, you won’t be able to find tickets. I don’t think she’s a fit and and proper person to babysit for us
Your only hope of finding tickets is going early Unless you feel fully fit, don’t…
8. Provided the PC is portable, I’ll buy it. 6. The lecturer’s voice was drowned out by the noise of the traffic in the street.
As long as the PC is portable, I’ll buy it It would have lasted better if you hadn’t drowned it in oil!
1.If the referee hadn’t intervened promptly, a fight would have developed on the pitch. More than a hundred people have been drowned after the collision of two ferries
(prompt) U4
But for the referee’s prompt intervention, a fight would have developed on the pitch. 1. He’s sorry that he said it.
2. If he hadn’t reacted so quickly, there would have been moes casualties. (speedy) He now wishes he hadn’t said it
But for his quick reaction, there would have been more casualties. 2. He should be in bed.
3. Don’t play with that ball indoors any more, or your break something. (carry) It’s time for him to be in bed
If you carry on playing with that ball indoors, you’ll break something. 3. It’s a pity you’re leaving so soon.
4. If there’s a fire, people shouldn’t use the lift. (event) If only you weren’t leaving a soon
In the event of a fire don’t people shouldn’t use the lift 4. We took the bus, but I wanted I to walk.
5. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money. (for) I’d rather have walked than taken the bus
Were itn’t for the money, this job would not be worthwhile. 5. Thank heavens we found the keys!
6. It was his incompetence which led to their capture. (so) What if we hadn’t found the keys?
If it hadn’t so competence, they would not have been captured. 6. If I were you, I would apologise to him.
7. Give me a ring if you’re going to be late. (happen) You’d better applogise to him
Give me a ring if you happen to be late. 7. I said nothing as I didn’t want to upset him.
8. So long as the examiner can read your handwriting, he’ll accept your answer. (legible) Rather than upsetting him, I didn’t say anything
Provided that your handwriting is legible the examiner will accept your answer. 8. He gives the impression he’s the boss.
9. We’d better leave them a note, because it’s possible they’ll arrive late. (case) He behaves as if he’s the boss
We’d better leave them a note, incase they arrive late 1. I left without saying goodbye as I didn’t want to disturbs the meeting.. (rather)
10. Nothing short of personal intervention by the minister can stop the forest from being I left without... bye rather than disturb.
destroyed. (saved) 2. You really should be able to dress yourself by now. (time)
The forest can be saved from being destroyed if the minister intervenes personally. It’s high time you dressed yourself
1. How can you bear him? (put) 3. If only your sister could come as well. (pity)
How can you put up with him? It’s such a pity that your sister can’t come as well.
2. What he said had nothing to do with the subject we were discussing. (relation) 4. You’re old enough to stand on your own two feet. (high)
What he said bore no relation to the subject we were discussing. It’s high time you stood on your own two feet.
3. He still has scars from the car accident. (bears) 5. We should have bought a computer with a bigger memory. (better)
He still bears cars from the car accident. It would have been betterif we had bought a computer with a bigger memory.
4. His persistence finally paid off when she agreed to marry him. (bore) 6. I’m sorry but would you mind not smoking in here? (rather)
His persistence finally bore fruit when she agree to marry him I’m sorry but I’d rather you didn’t smoke in here.
5. This house is nothing like the picture in the brochure. (no) 7. Most people prefer not to wear glasses. (sooner)
This house bears no resemblance to the picture in the brochure Most people would sooner not wear glasses.
6. If I were you, I would hold nothing against him for what he said. (grudge) 8. The house seemed to have been unoccupied for several months. (looked)
If I were you, I wouldn’t bear a grudge against him for what he said. It looked as if the house had been unoccupied for several months.
7. I can testify that what she said is true. (witness) 9. It was a lucky thing we had his telephone number, with us! (suppose)
I can bear witness to the fact that what she said is true. Just suppose we hadn’t had his telephone number with us!
8. The small village sustained most of the impact of the attack. (brunt) 10. The Prime Minister would prefer to use diplomatic discussion when faced with a
The small village bore the brunt of the attack. crisis. (rather)
1. You wouldn’t look like a drowned rat if you had taken an umbrella. The Prime Minister would rather make use of diplomatic discussion when faced with a
Our new tenant seems all right but I smell a rat… crisis
It’s a rat race in the city these days.
2. Speak up, lad, or has the cat got your tongue? 1. I wish I had voted for the liberal candidate. (cast)
Don’t make too much noise as Uncle Tom’s taking a cat nap I wish I had cast my vote for the liberal candidate.
He hasn’t a cat in hell’s chance of passing his exams. 2. The shipwrecked sailors were washed up on the beach late at night. (cast)
3. A little bird tell me you’re getting married The shipwrecked sailors were cast ashore fate at night.
Kim’s a real early bird but Ben lies in bed till noon. 3. He untied the boat and let it go without saying anything to anybody. (adrift)
We saw lots of colourful parrots at the bird sanctuary. He cast the boat adrift without saying anything to anybody.
4. You should take a quick look at the report before the meeting. (eye)
1. He’s a bit of a lone wolf. You rarely see him with friends. You’d cast an eye over the report before the meeting
2. He wolf down the whole meal in two minutes. 5. She doubted my ability to make a success of the operation. (doubt)
3. Please don’t monkey about the wiring. Let’s get an electrician. top dog She cast doubt on my ability to male a success of the operation.
4. He’s the top dog in this company. What he says goes. 6. The accident spoiled the game. (cast)
5. She have off without waiting for instructions The accident cast a shadow over the game.
6. He kept hounding me to give him his money back. 7. His questioning didn’t bring out any new evidence in the case. (light)
7. We went on a wild goose chase looking for her flat His questioning cast no further light on the case.
8. I ducked a tree to avoid the stream of gunfire. 8. The police asked her to try and remember the night of the crime. (mind)
9. He always dogs my footstep whenever I go. The police asked her to cast her mind back to the night of the crime
10. He really foxed me there. I had no idea what the answer was 1.My dog has a keen sense of smell
1.The facts didn’t bear out the story he told us. His sixth sense warned him of the danger.
The old apple tree won’t bear much fruit this year. I think bringing up children is a matter of common sense
Get as much shopping as you can, but bear in mind the shops shot at 3.00. It’s not in his nature to be so aggressive
2. Fortunately, the weather was in our favour and we had a lovely picnic. The study of nature has always fascinated me
Nobody seems to be in favour of having the party here. Lying has become second nature to him
Can you do me a favour when you go to the post office? 3. He gave me the third degree
3. I missed her when she left, but in the course of time, forgot her completely We should all show a degree
If they had been asked, they would have paid their own expenses as a matter of course He got his degree in Classics at Oxford University.
We drove slowly down the lane and in due course came to the village 1. Let’s do this together because two heads are better than one
4. I didn’t know that lovely cottage was for sale, so I missed the boat, as usual. 2. This isn’t working so let’s go back to square one and start again.
Philip will try to rock the boat, but just… 3. The salesman puff a fast one on me and sold me a faulty machine.
He very unsympathetic etic when I my job but he’s in the same boat now. 4. Everyone was dressed up to the nines as it was a formal dinner party.
5. That old wooden bridge won’t bear a truck’s weight 5. That actress was a real a nine-day wonder. She only made one good film.
It’s not fair, I always have to bear the brunt of his temper 6. After working the nightshift for two years, I’m looking forward to finding a nine-
If you bear with me for a moment, I’ll be with you in a while to-five job
6. You wouldn’t feel so sick if you hadn’t made a pig of yourself at dinner. 7 . There isn’t another model like this-it’s a one off from the factory.
It was simple to put together, but you’ve made a pig’s ear out of it 8. I stopped by the supermarket on my way to the bank and kill 2 birds with one
You’ve bought a pig in a poke because you couldn’t be bothered to check it stone