11

TVL-IA-SMAW
Quarter 1 – Module 2B (Week 7 to 8)
ESSENTIALS OF WELDING ACCORDING WITH
THE WELDING STANDARDS AND WELDING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS
TVL-IA-SMAW – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2B: ESSENTIALS OF WELDING ACCORDING WITH THE
WELDING STANDARDS AND WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Dexter N. Angay
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Mark Dave M. Vendiola
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Layout Artist: Enrey P. Alam-alam
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
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Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

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 11

TVL-IA-SMAW
Quarter 1 – Module 2B (Week 7 to 8)
ESSENTIALS OF WELDING ACCORDING
WITH THE WELDING STANDARDS AND
WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written for you to follow the essentials of
welding in accordance with the welding standards and welding procedure
specifications.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Essentials of welding

• Lesson 2 – International Welding Codes and Standards
• Lesson 3 – Welding Procedures Specifications

The module covers the Introduction/Learning Objectives, Pre-assessment,

Lesson Proper, Generalization, Application, Post Assessment, Additional Activity
(optional).
Learning Objectives:

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. Identify the five essentials of welding

2. Perform the five essentials of welding
3. Practice the importance of Welding Procedure Specifications with safety
practice

What I Know

Multiple Choice: Read each question carefully and choose the best answer. White
your answer in your notebook.

1. The most common cause of undercut in a weld is too?

a. High an arc
b. High a current
c. Short an arc
d. Low of current

2. The welding procedure specifications consist of the ff.

a. Essential variable
b. Non- essential variable

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 c. Supplementary essential variable when required
d. All of the above

3. A material that is being added after the root pass is called?

a. Final capping
b. filler pass
c. hot pass
d. all of these

4. What is the possible cause of a Blow Hole welding defect?

a. Improper manipulation
b. Over travelling speed.
c. Improper groove shape.
d. Too large weaving width

5. Which of the following weld defects does not have any tolerance for acceptance?
a. Under cut
b. Crack
c. Porosity
d. Slug inclusion

6. Which of the following can cause poor penetration and incomplete fusion in
welding?
a. Temperature is too hot
b. Gap between two plates is too small
c. Improper electrode size and type
d. Improper manipulating of electrode

7. Which of the following is the most common cause of undercut in a weld?

a. High an arc
b. High current
c. Short an arc
d. Low of current

8. Which corrective actions should be followed in-order to eliminate distortion?

a. Use proper bead sequencing
b. Tack or clamp parts securely
c. Use low hydrogen type electrode with higher basicity.
d. Both A and B

9. Which of the following amperage should be followed using an electrode 6011, with
a diameter of 3/32?
a. 30-40
b.100-150
c. 45-90
d. 150-155

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10. Ener is doing the final pass for his workpiece, he is using electrode 7018 having
a diameter of 3/32. Which amperage range should he follow?
a. 60-100
b. 30-50
c. 100-125
d. none of the above

Lesson
INTERNATIONAL WELDING
2 CODES AND STANDARDS
National interest in areas such as public safety and reliability has promoted
the development of welding codes and standards that command broader recognition
both on a national and industry-specific basis. A standard can be defined as a set
of technical definitions and guidelines “how to” instructions for designers and
manufacturers. They serve as a common language, defining quality and establishing
safety criteria. This qualification testing is usually required to be performed prior to
welding in accordance with those specifications.
The purpose of the welding codes and standards is to have a uniform way to
approach welding that reflects the best practices developed and proven to work over
time. They have the effect of improving welder skill, equipment and processes. The
result is growth in the profession when it comes to skill, quality and welder efficiency.

What’s In

This portion of the module is about some topics for you to review. As a TLE
student, you are recommended to review your topics. Reviewing will help you a lot to
gain better understanding on the concepts presented throughout your journey in
learning SMAW.

What’s New

Today, it is a healthy competition to everyone with respects to their skills. One of the
secrets to earn skills is constant correct practice and attitude towards work. Types
of welding positions is one of the keys for success in the field of welding.

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 What Is It

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Codes

Code Description

ASME BPVC
Rules for Construction of Power Boilers
Section I

ASME BPVC Part C: Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler
Section II Metals.[1]

Rules for Constructions of Nuclear Facility Components-

ASME BPVC
Subsection NCA-General Requirements for Division 1 and
Section III
Division 2

ASME BPVC
Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers
Section IV

ASME BPVC
Non-destructive Examination
Section V

ASME BPVC Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Division 1 and

Section VIII Division 2

ASME BPVC
Welding and Brazing Qualifications
Section IX

ASME B16.25 Butt welding ends

ASME B31.1 Power Piping

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping

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 American Welding Society (AWS) Standards

Standard
Title
Number

Standard symbols for welding, brazing, and non-destructive

AWS A2.4
examination

AWS A3.0 Standard welding terms and definitions

Specification for carbon steel electrodes for shielded metal arc

AWS A5.1
welding

Specification for carbon steel electrodes and rods for gas

AWS A5.18
shielded arc welding

AWS B1.10 Guide for the non-destructive examination of welds

Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance

AWS B2.1
Qualification

AWS D1.1 Structural welding (steel)

AWS D1.2 Structural welding (aluminum)

AWS D1.3 Structural welding (sheet steel)

AWS D1.4 Structural welding (reinforcing steel)

AWS D1.5 Bridge welding

AWS D1.6 Structural welding (stainless steel)

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AWS D1.7 Structural welding (strengthening and repair)

AWS D1.8 Structural welding seismic supplement

AWS D1.9 Structural welding (titanium)

AWS D3.6R Underwater welding (Offshore 7 inland pipelines)

AWS D8.1 Automotive spot welding

AWS D8.6 Automotive spot welding electrodes supplement

AWS D8.7 Automotive spot welding recommendations supplement

AWS D8.8 Automotive arc welding (steel)

AWS D8.9 Automotive spot weld testing

AWS D8.14 Automotive arc welding (aluminum)

AWS D9.1 Sheet metal welding

AWS D10.10 Heating practices for pipe and tube

AWS D10.11 Root pass welding for pipe

AWS D10.12 Pipe welding (mild steel)

AWS D10.13 Tube brazing (copper)

AWS D10.18 Pipe welding (stainless steel)

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AWS D11.2 Welding (cast iron)

AWS D14.1 Industrial mill crane welding

AWS D14.3 Earthmoving & agricultural equipment welding

AWS D14.4 Machinery joint welding

AWS D14.5 Press welding

AWS D14.6 Rotating Elements of Equipment

AWS D15.1 Railroad welding

AWS D15.2 Railroad welding practice supplement

AWS D16.1 Robotic arc welding safety

AWS D16.2 Robotic arc welding system installation

AWS D16.3 Robotic arc welding risk assessment

AWS D16.4 Robotic arc welder operator qualification

AWS D17.1 Aerospace fusion welding

AWS D17.2 Aerospace resistance welding

AWS D18.1 Hygienic tube welding (stainless steel)

AWS D18.2 Stainless steel tube discoloration guide

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AWS D18.3 Hygienic equipment welding

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standards

Standard
Description
Number

Welded, brazed and soldered joints - symbolic representation on

ISO 2553
drawings (1992)

Welding consumables. Covered electrodes for manual metal arc

ISO 2560
welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels. Classification

Covered electrodes for manual arc welding of creep-resisting

ISO 3580
steels - Code of symbols for identification

Covered electrodes for manual arc welding of stainless and other

ISO 3581
similar high alloy steels - Code of symbols for identification

Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials, five

ISO 3834
parts.

Welding and allied processes - Nomenclature of processes and

ISO 4063
reference numbers

Welding. Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their

ISO 5817
alloys (beam welding excluded). Quality levels for imperfections

Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric

ISO 6520-1
imperfections in metallic materials — Part 1: Fusion welding

Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric

ISO 6520-2 imperfections in metallic materials — Part 2: Welding with
pressure

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 Standard
Description
Number

Welds. Working positions. Definitions of angles of slope and

ISO 6947
rotation

ISO 9606 Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding, parts 1 to 5

Welding and allied processes. Recommendations for joint

ISO 9692-1 preparation. Manual metal-arc welding, gas-shielded metal-arc
welding, gas welding, TIG welding and beam welding of steels

Welding and allied processes. Joint preparation. Submerged arc

ISO 9692-2
welding of steels

Welding and allied processes. Joint preparation. Part 3: TIG and

ISO 9692-3
MIG welding of aluminium and its alloys

Petroleum and natural gas industries - Pipeline transportation

ISO 13847
systems - Welding of pipelines

Welding - Guidance on the measurement of preheating

ISO 13916 temperature, inter-pass temperature and preheat maintenance
temperature

ISO 13918 Welding - Studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding

Welding - Electron and laser-beam welded joints - Guidance on

ISO 13919-1
quality level for imperfections - Part 1: Steel

Welding - Electron and laser-beam welded joints - Guidance on

ISO 13919-2 quality level for imperfections - Part 2: Aluminium and its
weldable alloys

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 Standard
Description
Number

Welding - General tolerances for welded constructions -

ISO 13920
Dimensions for lengths and angles - Shape and position

ISO 14112 Gas welding equipment - Small kits for gas brazing and welding

Welding consumables — Gases and gas mixtures for fusion

ISO 14175
welding and allied processes. Replaced EN 439:1994 in Europe.

Welding consumables. Wire electrodes and deposits for gas

ISO 14341 shielded metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels.
Classification

ISO 14554 Resistance welding

ISO 14744 Electron beam welding, six parts

Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic

ISO 15607
materials - General rules

ISO/TR
Welding - Guidelines for a metallic material grouping system
15608

Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic

ISO 15609
materials - Welding procedure specification, five parts.

Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic

ISO 15610
materials — Qualification based on tested welding consumables

Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic

ISO 15611
materials — Qualification based on previous welding experience

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 Standard
Description
Number

Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic

ISO 15612 materials — Qualification by adoption of a standard welding
procedure

Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic

ISO 15613
materials — Qualification based on pre-production welding test

Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic

ISO 15614
materials - Welding procedure test, 13 parts.

Gas welding equipment. Acetylene manifold systems for welding,

ISO 15615 cutting and allied processes. Safety requirements in high-
pressure devices

Qualification testing of welders for under-water welding. Diver-

ISO 15618-1
welders for hyperbaric wet welding

Qualification testing of welders for under-water welding. Diver-

ISO 15618-2
welders and welding operators for hyperbaric dry welding

Non-destructive testing of welds. General rules for metallic

ISO 17635
materials

Welding - Welding of reinforcing steel - Part 1: Load-bearing

ISO 17660-1
welded joints

Welding - Welding of reinforcing steel - Part 1: Non-load bearing

ISO 17660-2
welded joints

ISO/TR
Welding — Grouping systems for materials — European materials
20172

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 Standard
Description
Number

ISO/TR
Welding — Grouping systems for materials — American materials
20173

ISO/TR
Welding — Grouping systems for materials — Japanese materials
20174

ISO 24394 Welding for aerospace applications. Qualification test for welders
and welding operators. Fusion welding of metallic components

What’s More

Welding is one of the most traditional roles in the construction industry.

Welders are needed for almost every construction project, so if you want to be one of
them, the first thing you need to do is to know the basic procedure in welding. It is
very important to know the basic procedure because it makes your job easier and
fast. Procedures extend the ability and help the worker in doing the good job.

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 What I Have Learned

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer and write the letter of your choice on
your notebook.
1.___________ can be defined as a set of technical definitions and guidelines.
A. Code B. Standard
C. Instructions D. Quality
2. What is the acronym for “International Organization for Standardization”?
A. IOPS B. ISO
C. IOS D. OSI
3. What is the AWS standard number for Structural welding (steel)?
A. AWS D1.1 B. AWS D1.2
C. AWS D1.3 D. AWS D1.4
4. What is the AWS standard number for the Guide of the non-destructive
examination of welds?
A. AWS A1.10 B. AWS B1.10
C. AWS C1.10 D. AWS D1.10
5. In American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Codes, What section in
ASME that governs the welding and brazing qualifications?
A. Section VI B. Section VII
C. Section VIII D. Section IX

What I Can Do

1. What are the important things to remember when we do the welding job?
2. Why do we have to follow construction company rules and regulations?

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 Assessment

Direction: Read each item carefully and write your answers in your notebook.

Multiple Choice: Let us determine how much you already know about SMAW. Take
this test.

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the best answer.

1. What does E indicate for Arc welding?

a. Electricity
b. Electrode
c. Electron
d. Elevate

2. _________ is the resistance of the material to forces to full it apart.

a. Brittleness
b. Toughness
c. Tensile strength
d. Strength

3. What is the electrode coating of a 6011 electrode?

a. cellulose potassium
b. Cellulose sodium
c. rutile, sodium
d. Rutile potassium

4. Which of the following electrode would you choose if you want a deep
penetration weld output?
a. E-6012
b. E-6013
c. E-7018
d. E-6011

5. Jose is working in his welding shop, after doing the root pass using E-6011
he wants to do the final pass. Which of the following electrode will Jose use
for the final pass?
a. E-6010
b. E-6011
c. E-2011
d. E-7018

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6. Which of the following statement is correct?
a. Arc length is the rate at which the electrode moves along the work. The key
to correct Arc length is “reading” the weld puddle, because the weld puddle is
a liquid version of the weld bead.
b. 1 is for all positions; 2 is for flat and vertical positions only; 3 is for flat
position only.
c. Electrode diameter is based on the thickness of the base metal, the welding
position and the type of joint to be welded.
d. Improper use of electrode is always the cause of poor penetration and
incomplete fusion in welding.

7. When setting up a welding machine for straight polarity the welding cable with
electrode holder is connected to?
A. Positive terminal of the welding machine
B. Negative terminal of the welding machine
C. The main circuit breaker
D. Generator

8. What does AWS mean?

a. American Welding Society
b. Automatic Welding Society
c. American Specification Society
d. American Welding Standard

9. What is the standard number/code of “standard welding terms and

definitions”?
a. AWS A02.4
b. AWS A03.0
c. AWS A05.1
d. AWS A05.18

10. Which section of ASME codes governs qualification of welders and welding
procedures?
a. ASME II
b. ASME 7
c. ASME 9
d. ASME5?

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 17
What I Know
What I Have Learned
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. D
Answer Key
References

Book Reference:
• SMAW NC-II CBLM, PORTFOLIO Kto12 SMAW Learning Module SMAW
Training Regulations by TESDA CBC Shielded Metal Arc Welding NC II CBLM
on SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING

Internet Reference:
• https://www.flight-mechanic.com/arc-welding-procedures-techniques-and-
welding-safety-equipment-part-one/
• https://info.thinkcei.com/think-tank/wps-importance
• https://weldinganswers.com/standard-welding-procedure-specification/

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net

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