REPUBLIC OF GHANA

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MEDIUM-TERM NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

AGENDA

AN AGENDA FOR JOBS II:

CREATING PROSPERITY AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL (2022-2025)

2022 ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT

National Development
Planning Commission

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Acknowledgement
Special thanks go to the Chairman of the National Development Planning Commission (NDPC),
Prof. George Yaw Gyan-Baffour; the Director General, Dr. Kodjo Essiem Mensah-Abrampa; and
the entire membership of the Governing Body of the Commission, especially, the Executive
Committee and all thematic committees including Economic Policy; Agriculture & Natural
Resources; Private Sector Development & Public Sector Reforms; and Development
Communication. The rest are: Energy and Environment; Human Development, Productivity and
Employment; and Governance. The Communication and Editorial Committee deserve special
mention for their constant reviews, support and encouragement in making this document possible.

The report could not have been written without the collaborative efforts of all 5 divisions of the
Commission including technical and administrative staff from the 4 technical divisions namely:
{Monitoring & Evaluation; Development Policy & Planning; Development Coordination;
Research & Innovation} and the General Services Division. Indeed, under the able leadership of
the Director, Monitoring & Evaluation Division-Dr. Opare-Djan, Nana we acknowledge the entire
NDPC staff for their hard work and tenacity to complete the process for the development of the
2022 national Annual Progress Report (APR) within the mandatory statutory time.

Finally, we acknowledge with sincere gratitude, the contribution of a key development partner -
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. The German Agency
for International Cooperation GmbH provided the financial support for printing this document.

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 4

List of Tables and Figures............................................................................................................... 6
Tables ...........................................................................................................................................6
Figures..........................................................................................................................................7
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations .............................................................................................. 8
Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 18
Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................. 23
1.0. Background .........................................................................................................................23
1.1. Objectives ...........................................................................................................................23
1.2. Preparation Process .............................................................................................................24
1.3 Data Availability, Quality and Reliability ...........................................................................24
1.4 Overview ..............................................................................................................................26
1.5 Arrangements of the Chapters .............................................................................................28
Chapter 2: Implementation of The Medium-Term National Development Policy Framework ... 30
2.1. Economic Development ..................................................................................................30
2.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 30
2.1.2 Key Performance indices ........................................................................................ 31
2.1.3 Progress of Implementation .................................................................................... 32
2.1.4 Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations for the Economic Dimension ....... 56
2.2. Social Development ........................................................................................................59
2.2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 59
2.2.2 Key Performance Indices ........................................................................................ 59
2.2.3 Progress of Implementation .................................................................................... 59
2.2.4 Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations ...................................................... 78
2.3. Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlements .....................................................80
2.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 80
2.3.2 Key Performance Indices ........................................................................................ 80
2.3.3 Progress of Implementation .................................................................................... 81

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 2.3.4 Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations for Environment, Infrastructure and
Human Settlements ............................................................................................................... 97
2.4. Governance, Corruption and Public Accountability .....................................................100
2.4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 100
2.4.2 Key Performance Indices ...................................................................................... 100
2.4.3 Progress of Implementation .................................................................................. 101
2.4.4 Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations .................................................... 113
2.5. Linking The 2022 Budget to The Agenda for Jobs .......................................................114
2.5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 114
2.5.2 Key Performance Indices ...................................................................................... 114
2.5.3 Progress of Implementation .................................................................................. 115
2.5.4 Key challenges and policy recommendation ........................................................ 119
2.6. Emergency Planning and Management .........................................................................120
2.6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 120
2.6.2 Key Performance Indices ...................................................................................... 120
2.6.3 Progress of implementation .................................................................................. 121
2.6.4 Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations .................................................... 128
2.7. Implementation, Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation of The Agenda For Jobs II
Policy Framework In 2022.......................................................................................................129
2.7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 129
2.7.2 Key Performance Indices ...................................................................................... 129
2.7.3 Progress of Implementation .................................................................................. 130
2.7.4 Key Challenges and Recommendations................................................................ 160
Chapter 3: Conclusion................................................................................................................. 162
APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ 164

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List of Tables and Figures

Tables
Table 2.1.1.1: Sector Distribution of Bank’s Outstanding Credit, 2021&2022 ......................................... 34
Table 2.1.1.2: Monetary Indicators, December 2021 and December 2022 ................................................ 35
Table 2.1.1.3: Banking Sector Indicators .................................................................................................... 36
Table 2.1.1.4: Distribution of Non-Performing loan, 2021 & 2022............................................................ 37
Table 2.1.1.5: Real Sector Growth Rates (percent), 2021 & 2022 ............................................................. 37
Table 2.1.1.6 Agriculture Subsector Growth Rates (percent), 2021 & 2022 .............................................. 38
Table 2.1.1.7: Industry Subsector Growth Rates (percent), 2021& 2022 ................................................... 38
Table 2.1.1.8: Services Subsector Growth Rates (percent), 2021 & 2022 .................................................. 39
Table 2.1.1.9: Summary of Fiscal Performance for 2021 & 2022 .............................................................. 41
Table 2.1.1.10: International Trade, 2021 & 2022...................................................................................... 43
Table 2.1.1.11 Production of Major Crops (RGEFORMAT ...................................................................... 47
Table 2.1.1.12 : Production and self-sufficiency of selected crops in 2022 ............................................... 48
Table 2.1.1.13 Yield of Major Crops (MT/Ha), 2021 & 2022.................................................................... 49
Table 2.1.1.14 :Quantity of Fertilizer Subsidized. ...................................................................................... 49
Table 2.1.1.15: Improved Seeds Supplied to Farmers (MT)....................................................................... 50
Table 2.1.1.16: Meat Production by type, 2021 & 2022 ............................................................................. 50
Table 2.1.1.17: Meat Import by Type, 2021 & 2022 .................................................................................. 51
Table 2.1.1.18 Agriculture Subsector Growth Rates (percent), 2021 & 2022 ............................................ 52
Table 2.1.1.19: Estimates of Fish Landings (of all Fleets), 2021 & 2022 .................................................. 53
Table 2.1.1.20: Key Challenges and Recommendations for Economic Development ............................... 56
Table 2.2.1: Comparison Between 2020/2021 & 2021/2022 (N0. Of Schools and Enrolment) ................. 61
Table 2.2.2: Net Enrolment Ratio ............................................................................................................... 61
Table 2.2.3: Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations for the Social Demention ............................. 78
Table 2.3.1 :No of Seedlings Planted in 2021 and 2022 ............................................................................. 82
Table 2.3.2 Air Quality Monitoring Results ............................................................................................... 85
Table 2.3.3 Air Quality Index Levels ......................................................................................................... 86
Table 2.3.4 Focus areas, Challenges and Recommendations...................................................................... 97
Table 2.4.1: Key challenges and recommendations for Governance, Corruption and Public Accountability
.................................................................................................................................................................. 113
Table 2.5.1 Flagship Programmes and Projects by Development Dimension .......................................... 116
Table 2.5.2: Other Initiatives .................................................................................................................... 117
Table 2.5.3: Challenges and Recommendation ......................................................................................... 119
Table 2.6.1: Educational Programmes, Field Trips, Disaster Victims Support ........................................ 125
Table 2.6.2: Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations .................................................................... 128
Table 2.7.1: Revenue performance of MMDAs by regions ...................................................................... 131
Table 2.7.2: MMDAs with over 100% Growth in total revenue (2021 and 2022) ................................... 133
Table 2.7.3: MMDAs with negative growth in total revenue (2021 and 2022) ........................................ 134
Table 2.7.4: IGF performance of MMDAs by region. .............................................................................. 136
Table 2.7.5: MMDAs with more than 100 percent IGF growth (2021 and 2022) .................................... 137
Table 2.7.6: MMDAs that recorded negative IGF Growth in 2022 .......................................................... 138
Table 2.7.7: Revenue performance of Regional Coordinating Councils .................................................. 139
Table 2.7.8: Revenue performance of MDAs, 2021-2022 ........................................................................ 141

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Table 2.7.9: Capital budget performance of MDAs in 2022..................................................................... 142
Table 2.7.10: MDAs Capital Expenditure in 2022 ................................................................................... 144
Table 2.7.11: Capital budget performance of RCCs in 2022 .................................................................... 145
Table 2.7.12: Capital expenditure of MMDAs by region in 2022. ........................................................... 146
Table 2.7.13 :MMDAs that spent more on capital expenditure than their total revenue .......................... 146
Table 2.7.14: Total staff / Department (Summary) for MMDA ............................................................... 148
Table 2.7.15: Staff strengths of MMDAs in the Eastern Region .............................................................. 148
Table 2.7.16: Staff strengths of MMDAs in the Ashanti Region.............................................................. 149
Table 2.7.17: Staff strengths of MMDAs in the Greater Accra Region.................................................... 150
Table 2.7.18: Access to electricity by region and communities ............................................................... 153
Table 2.7.19: Percentage of road network in good condition ................................................................... 154
Table 2.7.20: Proportion of the population with valid NHIS Card (%) .................................................... 155
Table 2.7.21: Institutional Malaria Case Fatality (All ages) ..................................................................... 157
Table 2.7.22: Crime statistics by regions .................................................................................................. 158
Table 2.7.23: Communities affected by disaster, 2019-2022.................................................................... 159
Table 2.7.24: Challenges and Recommendations ..................................................................................... 160

Figures
Figure 2.1.1.1: Sectoral Share of GDP (percent), 2021 & 2022 ................................................................. 39
Figure 2.2.1: Number of Student Enrolled in Tertiary Institutions, 2021 & 2022 ...................................... 60
Figure 2.2.3: Percentage of population with Valid NHIS Card .................................................................. 63
Figure 2.2.4: Total births and deaths........................................................................................................... 69
Figure 2.3.1 : Degraded areas within areas under protection, 2019-2022 .................................................. 81
Figure 2. 3.2: Water Quality Index ............................................................................................................ 84
Figure 2.3.3: Ghana’s Coastline.................................................................................................................. 84
Figure 2.3.4: Number of Road Crashes in 2022 ......................................................................................... 88
Figure 2.3.5: Martime and Inland Water Traffic......................................................................................... 90
Figure 2.3.6 R&D expenditure as a share of GDP ..................................................................................... 91
Figure 2.3.7: ECG Distribution Losses (2018-2021) .................................................................................. 92
Figure 2.4.1: MMDA share of total revenue ( percent), 2019-2022 ......................................................... 102
Figure 2.4.2: Crime case from 2018 to 2022 ............................................................................................ 104
Figure 2.5.1 Budget and Actual Payment s For Flagship Programmes and Projects ................................ 117
Figure 2.5.2: Sector Expenditure Allocation by Year ............................................................................... 118
Figure 2.6.1: Number of incidences of disaster and deaths, missing persons and directly affected by
disasters per 100,000 population............................................................................................................... 122
Figure 2.7.1: MMDAs Revenue Growth from 2017 to 2022.................................................................... 130
Figure 2.7.2: Trend in MMDAs IGF growth, 2017-2022 ......................................................................... 136
Figure 7.3: Trend in MMDAs IGF growth, 2017-2022 (Source: MMDAs APRs) .................................. 136
Figure 2.7.4: Comparison of 2021 and 2022 revenue performance of RCCs (Source: RCCs 2022 APRs)
.................................................................................................................................................................. 140
Figure 2.7.5; Number of communities connected to the national grid, 2017-2022 .................................. 152
Figure 2.7.6: Community access to electricity by region.......................................................................... 153
Figure 2.7.7 :Proportion of the population with valid NHIS Cards .......................................................... 154
Figure 2.7.8: Maternal mortality rate by regions ...................................................................................... 156
Figure 2.7.9: Malaria case fatality for all ages-2017-2022 ....................................................................... 156
Figure 2.7.10: Achievement of crime targets by regions .......................................................................... 158
Figure 2.7.11: Communities affected by disaster, 2019-2022 .................................................................. 159

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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

1D1F One District One Factory

1D1W One District One Warehouse
AAC Annual Allowable Cut
AAP Annual Action Plan
ABFA Annual Budget Fund Amount
ADB Agricultural Development Bank
ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution
AES Agricultural Extension Services
AESL Architectural and Engineering Services Limited Ghana
AfCFTA African Continental Free Trade Area
AFFSO Association of Former Foreign Service Officers
AFJ Aquaculture for Food and Jobs
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
ALP Alternative Livelihood Programme
AMISOM United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission
AOR Address of Record
APR Annual Progress Report
ART Antiretroviral Therapy
ASM Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining
BAC Business Advisory Centre
BAU Business–as-usual
BDR Birth and Death Registry
BECE Basic Education Certificate Examination
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
BOG Bank of Ghana
BPA Bui Power Authority
BRT Bus Rapid Transit
CA Council of Administration
CAGD Controller and Accountant-General’s Department
CAIDI Customer Average Interruption Duration Index
CAP Coronavirus Alleviation Programme
CAP-BuSS Coronavirus Alleviation Programme Business Support Scheme
CAPEX Capital Expenditure
CARES COVID-19 Alleviation and Revitalization of Enterprises Support
CBOs Community Based Organizations
CBT Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
CE Capital Expenditure
CEC Civic Education Club
CHPS Community-based Health Planning and Services
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CHRAJ Commission for Human Rights and Administrative Justice
CID Criminal Investigation Department
CIDA Construction Industry Development Authority
CLASS Complementary Livelihood and Asset Support Scheme
CNS Communication, Navigation and Surveillance
COLANDEF Community Land and Development Foundation
COVAX COVID- 19 Vaccines Global Access
COVID-19 Corona Virus Disease 2019
CPESDP Coordinated Programme of Economic and Social Development Policies
CPI Corruption Perception Index
CRC Constitution Review Commission
CSAU Client Service Access Unit
CSCOL Civil Society Coalition on Land
CSOs Civil Society Organisations
CSPG Cross-Sectoral Planning Group
CST Communications Service Tax
CTVET Commission for Technical and Vocational Education Training
CWSA Community Water and Sanitation Agency
DAs Development Authorities
DACF District Assemblies Common Fund
DACF-RFG District Assemblies Common Fund Responsiveness Factor Grant
DDF District Development Facility
DMTDP District Medium-Term Development Plan
DOVVSU Domestic Violence and Victim Support Unit
DPAT District Performance Assessment Tool
DPCU District Planning Coordinating Unit
DPs Development Partners
DRC Democratic Republic of Congo
DSWDCD Department of Social Welfare and Community Development
DUR Department of Urban Roads
DVLA Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority
EC Electoral Commission
ECF Extended Credit Facility
ECG Education Capitation Grant
ECG Electricity Company of Ghana
ECOSOC Economic and Social Council
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EMT Emergency Medical Technicians
EOCO Economic and Organised Crime Office
EPA Environmental Protection Agency

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EPMA Electronic Property Mass Appraisal System
ERCC Eastern Regional Coordinating Council
EU European Union
FAGE Federation of Association of Ghanaian Exporters
FAWAG Furniture and Wood Workers Association of Ghana
FBOs Faith Based Organizations
FDI Foreign Direct Investment
FGD Focus Group Discussion
FI Financial Institutions
FNS Food and Nutrition Service
FPPs Flagship Programmes and Projects
FSHSP Free Senior High School Programme
FSNMS Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring System
GAB Ghana Association of Bankers
GAC Ghana Aids Commission
GAF Ghana Armed Forces
GAMA Greater Accra Metropolitan Area
GBP British Pound Sterling
GCI Global Competitiveness Index
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEA Ghana Enterprise Agency
GELIS Ghana Enterprise Land Information System
GEMS Ghana Economic Management Strengthening
GEPA Ghana Export Promotion Authority
GER Gross Enrolment Rate
GES Ghana Education Service
GGE Global Green Economy
GGEI Global Green Economy Index
GHA Ghana Hydrological Authority
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GHS Ghana Health Service
GIAA Ghana Internal Audit Agency
GIBA Ghana Independent Broadcasters Association
GIDC Ghana Infectious Disease Centre
GII Global Innovation Index
GIID Ghana Integrated Infrastructure Database
GIPC Ghana Investment Promotion Centre
GIR Gross International Reserves
GIS Ghana Immigration Service
GiZ Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit

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GJA Ghana Journalists Association
GLC General Legal Council
GLSS Ghana Living Standards Survey
GMeT Ghana Meteorological Agency
GMEM Ghana Macro Economic Model
GNFS Ghana National Fire Service
GoG Government of Ghana
GPrS Ghana Prisons Service
GPS Ghana Police Service
GPSNP Ghana Productive Safety Net Project
GRIDCo Ghana Grid Company Limited
GSA Ghana Standards Authority
GSAM Ghana Social Accountability Mechanism
GSCSP Ghana Secondary Cities Support Programme
GSE Ghana Stock Exchange
GSFP Ghana School Feeding Programme
GSS Ghana Statistical Services
GTEC Ghana Tertiary Education Commission
GVCTF Ghana Venture Capital Trust Fun
GWCL Ghana Water Company Limited
GWh Gigawatt hours
HDPE Human Development Productivity and Employment
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HLPF High-Level Political Forum
HR Human Resource
HRMIS Human Resource Management Information System
ICT Information, Communication and Technology
IDG Institute of Democratic Governance
IGF Internally Generated Funds
IGFF Inter-Governmental Fiscal Framework
IGFT Inter-Governmental Fiscal Transfers
IGIs Independent Governance Institutions
IMF International Monetary Fund
IMMR Institutional Maternal Mortality ratio
IPEP Infrastructure for Poverty Eradication Programme
IPR Institute of Public Relations
IPRT Integrated Planning and Reporting Toolkit
ISS Integrated Social Services
ISSOP Inter-Sectoral Standard Operating Procedure
ITU International Telecommunication Union

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JHS Junior High School
JS Judicial Service
KAIPTC Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre
Ktoe Kilotonnes of oil Equivalent
LAP Land Administration Project
LC Lands Commission
LEAP Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty
LI Legislative Instrument
LIPW Labour-Intensive Public Work
LoCAL Local Climate Adaptive Living Facility
LUSPA Land Use and Spatial Planning Authority
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MAG Modernising Agriculture in Ghana
MASLOC Microfinance and Small Loans Centre
MCAS Mineral Cadastre Administration System
MCP Master Crafts Person
MDAs Ministries, Departments and Agencies
MDSI Ministry of Special Development Initiative
MELR Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations
MESTI Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation
MFARI Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration
MINCOM Minerals Commission
MINTER Ministry of the Interior
MINURSO United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
MINUSCA United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in the
Central African Republic
MINUSMA United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in Mali
MLGDRD Ministry of Local Government, Decentralisation and Rural Development
MLGRD Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development
MLNR Ministry of Land and Natural Resources
MMDAs Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies
MMDCE Metropolitan, Municipal and District Chief Executives
MMTL Metro Mass Transit Limited
MNS Ministry of National Security
MoBD Ministry of Business Development
MoCD Ministry of Communication and Digitalisation
MoCRA Ministry of Chieftaincy and Religious Affairs
MoD Ministry of Defence
MoE Ministry of Education
MoEn Ministry of Energy

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MoF Ministry of Finance
MoFA Ministry of Food and Agriculture
MoFAD Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development
MoGCSP Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection
MoH Ministry of Health
MoI Memorandum of Intent
MOI Ministry of Information
MOJA Movement for Justice in Africa
MoJAGD Ministry of Justice and Attorney-General’s Department
MoME Ministry of Monitoring and Evaluation
MONUSCO United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic
Republic of Congo
MOT Ministry of Transport
MoTCCA Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Creative Arts
MoTI Ministry of Trade and Industry
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MOYS Ministry of Youth and Sports
MPC Monetary Policy Committee
MPR Monetary Policy Rate
MPR Multidimensional Poverty Report
MSMEs Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
MSWR Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources
MT Metric tons
MTNDPF Medium-Term National Development Policy Framework
MWH Ministry of Works and Housing
MWp Megawatts Power
NABCO Nation Builders Corps
NACAP National Anti-Corruption Action Plan
NaCC Narcotic Control Commission
NADMO National Disaster Management Organisation
NAELP National Alternative employment and Livelihood Programme
NaMEIS National Monitoring and Evaluation System
NAP National Action Plan
NASTAG National Seed Trade Association of Ghana
NBSSI National Board for Small Scale Industries
NBUs Nation Building Updates
NCCE National Commission for Civic Education
NCPD National Council for Persons with Disability
NCSALW National Commission on Small Arms and Light Weapons
NCTE National Council for Tertiary Education

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NDC Nationally Determined Contribution
NDPC National Development Planning Commission
NED Northern Electricity Department
NEDCo Northern Electricity Distribution Company
NEIP National Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programme
NER Net Enrolment Rate
NES National Electrification Scheme
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
NHIA National Health Insurance Authority
NHIS National Health Insurance Scheme
NHMF National Housing and Mortgage Fund
NHMS National Housing and Mortgage Scheme
NIA National Identification Authority
NIB National Investigations Bureau
NIR National Identity Register
NITA National Information Technology Agency
NIVS National Identification Verification System
NMC National Media Commission
NORPREVS Preventing Electoral Violence and Providing Security for the Northern
Border Regions of Ghana
NPA National Petroleum Authority
NPA National Paralympic Authority
NPL Non-performing Loans
NPPFG National Public Policy Formulation Guidelines
NPRA National Pensions Regulatory Authority
NRSA National Road Safety Authority
NSA National Sports Authority
NTC National Tripartite Committee
NTEs Non-Traditional Exports
NVI Negative Volume Index
NVTI National Vocational Technical Institute
NYA National Youth Authority
NYC National Youth Council
OADACF Office of the Administrator of District Assemblies Common Fund
ODF Open Defecation-Free
OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
OGM Office of Government Machinery
OHCS Office of the Head of Civil Service
OHLGS Office of the Head of Local Government Service
OICG Opportunities Industrialization Centre Ghana

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ONA Organizational Network Analysis
OPD Out-Patient Department
PAC Public Accounts Committee
PACs Passport Application Centres
PC Petroleum Commission
PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
PEF Peak Expiratory Flow
PFJ Planting for Food & Jobs
PHC Population and Housing Census
PIs Partner Institutions
PLHIV Persons Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
PM Particulate Matter
PMTCT Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV
PO Passport Office
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PPS Paperless Port System
PRINPAG Private Newspaper Publishers Association of Ghana
PSC Public Services Commission
PTA Parent -Teacher Association
PURC Public Utilities Regulatory Commission
PWDs Persons with Disabilities
R&D Research and Development
RCCs Regional Coordinating Councils
RECOVR Research for Effective COVID-19 Responses
REP Rural Electrification Project
RIAPs Revenue Implementation Action Plans
RING Resiliency In Northern Ghana
ROPAA Representation of the People’s Amendment Act
RPCUs Regional Planning Coordinating Units
RRI Rights and Resources Initiative
RTI Right to Information Bill
SAATM Single African Air Transport Market
SDFs Spatial Development Frameworks
SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
SHC State Housing Company
SHEP Self-Help Electrification Programme
SHS Senior High School
SHSP Strategic Highway Safety Plan
SIGA State Interests and Governance Authority
SIP Savannah Investment Programmes

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SLTF Students Loan Trust Fund
SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises
SOEs State Owned Enterprises
SONA State of the Nation Address
STI Science, Technology and Innovation
STIs Sexually Transmitted Infections
TA Traditional Authorities
TDCL Tema Development Corporation Limited
TEU Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit
TFR Total fertility rate
TOR Tema Oil Refinery
TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training
UHC Universal Health Coverage
UK United Kingdom
UNAMID United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur, Sudan
UNCRC United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
UNISFA United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei
UNMISS United Nations Mission in South Sudan
UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
UNSC United Nations Security Council
UPU United Postal Union
USAID United States Agency for International Development
VEAG Violent Extremists Armed Groups
VNR Voluntary National Review
VRA Volta River Authority
WANEP West African Network for Peacebuilding
WAPP West Africa Power Pool
WASSCE West African Senior School Certificate Examination
WFP World Food Programme
WHO World Health Organization
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organisation
WRM Water Resources management
YD Yamoussoukro Decision
YDI Youth Development Index
YEA Youth Employment Agency
YES Youth Enterprise Scheme

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YLSTI Youth Leadership and Skills Training Institutes

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 Executive Summary

Introduction
The overall objective of the 2022 national Annual Progress Report (APR) is to assess the
implementation status of the policies and initiatives outlined in the Medium-Term National
Development Policy Framework (MTNDPF), An Agenda for Jobs II: Creating Prosperity and
Equal Opportunity for All (2022-2025). The assessment was based on seven dimensions namely:
economic; social; environment, infrastructure, and human settlements; governance, corruption,
and public accountability; linking the Budget to the implementation of the policy framework;
emergency planning and COVID-19 response, and implementation, coordination, monitoring and
evaluation at the district levels. The report took into consideration key performance indicators for
national development over the medium term (2022-2025), by evaluating the status of targets
established for 2022, which would inform the discussions and approval of the 2023 Annual
Budget. The assessment thus focused on the linkages between the 2022 budget and the
implementation of the policy framework at the local level. Finally, the 2022 National APR
highlights the review outcomes together with identified challenges and suggests policy
recommendations.

Economic Dimension
The overall goal of the economic dimension was to build a prosperous society. This was to be
achieved through broad objectives across six focus areas namely: Strong and Resilient Macro
Economy, Industrial Transformation, Private Sector Development, Agriculture and Rural
Development, Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Tourism and Creative Industry
Development
Some key indices measured under the economic dimension revealed an overall decline in Real
GDP to 3.5 percent1 in 2022 from 5.42 percent in 2021, End of year inflation for 2022 at 54.1
percent; Ghana Cedi depreciating at 30 percent against the US dollar in 2022; and the Industrial
sector recording a positive growth of 0.9 percent in 2022 from a contraction of 0.5 in 2021. The
performance of other indices includes an increase in interest for 91-day and 182-day treasury bill
to 35.48 percent and 36.23 percent in 2022 from 12.49 percent and 13.19 percent in 2021
respectively, Domestic tourists decreasing to 534,711 in 2022 from 588,946 in 2021, increase in
crop yields for major staples such as maize (135%), rice (67%) and soya (18%) in 2022; and Food
self-sufficiency being achieved in major food staples such as maize (114%), Sorghum (106%) and
plantain (116%).

Some of the challenges were the high public debt-to-GDP ratio, high inflation and depreciation
rate of the Ghana Cedi, contraction in the cocoa sector, inadequate reserves and high
responsiveness of Ghana’s economy to external shocks, unsustainable debt burden, fiscal stress,
and limited access to private sector loans.

1
November 2022, The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government for the 2023 financial year
2
2021 National Annual Progress Report

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Key policy recommendations include: enhancing governance and transparency in public financial
management to minimise corruption and misappropriation of funds, strengthening key growth-
oriented programmes, strengthening efforts to increase domestic revenue through effective tax
administration, broadening the tax base, and reducing tax evasion, ensuring a balance between the
monetary and fiscal measures to control inflation, developing a capital account control strategy to
boost the growth the Ghana cedi, promoting Ghana’s cocoa as a premium and sustainable value-
added product for the global market, promoting import-substitution products, sustaining public
finances through implementing prudent fiscal policies, and developing a robust human capital
development strategy.

Social Dimension
This dimension measures the progress of key development indicators under the MTNDPF 2022-
2025. The progress of these indicators was measured through 14 focus areas. The achievements
under this dimension include an increase in the number of students enrolled in tertiary institutions
from 454,846 in 2021 to 497,837 in 2022, training of 114 headteachers and school-based
counsellors on safe school practices, issuing of 123,311 National Teacher’s Council (NTC)
licenses to in-service teachers, increase in the percentage of the population with access to basic
drinking water services to 87.7 percent, increase in the percentage of Open Defecation Free (ODF)
communities to 25 percent, and launch of cocoa farmer pension scheme.

Notwithstanding these successes, substantial challenges include inadequate supervision and

monitoring of schools, inadequate funding for education, limited access to Teaching and Learning
Materials (TLMs) in schools – particularly for Persons with Disabilities (PWDs), poor attitude of
citizens towards development, inadequate food and nutrition education and poor coordination of
support for sexual-based gender violence.

The key policy recommendations proposed are strengthening supervision, management, and
accountability at all levels of the educational system, ensuring adequate allocation of funds to
implement the inclusive education policy, facilitating the provision of TLMs in schools, promoting
nutrition education and sensitisation, promoting good citizenship campaigns, and strengthening
awareness and advocacy on sexual-based violence and other harmful cultural practices.

Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlements

The objectives of the dimension were to safeguard the natural environment and ensure a resilient
built environment. These were to be achieved through broad objectives across 18 focus areas. Key
achievements in 2022 include: planting of 24.55 million seedlings in 2022, establishment of
11,692ha of forest plantation, creation of 31,200 jobs in the large-scale extractive industry, creation
of 100,000 jobs in the small-scale extractive industry, reduction of the turnaround time for land
title registration, and creation of 55,686 jobs for rural communities through rural sub-projects.

Notwithstanding, challenges including poor and outdated spatial and structural maps,
indeterminate land boundaries, inadequate housing and rural infrastructure, increasing urban

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sprawl, uncompleted affordable housing projects, unavailability of district’s local and settlement
plans, inadequate basic social infrastructure and services, and high proportion of people living in
slum areas still persist.

Key policy recommendations proposed under this dimension include: expedite on-ongoing land
administration reform to address title and ownership right, accelerate the digitisation of land
records and automation of land service delivery, update outdated spatial and structural maps and
develop new ones, expand and improve basic rural infrastructure, improve linkages between
emerging secondary cities and towns, create a credible mortgage regime on the pension fund, and
accelerate investment in local economic development in zongos and inner cities.

Governance, Corruption and Public Accountability

The goal of this dimension was to maintain a stable, united and safe country. This was to be
achieved through broad objectives across 11 focus areas. Some observable achievements were:
Increased trade volume in non-traditional products in the ECOWAS sub-region, 16 Regional and
276 District decentralized offices established by NIA, 13 citizens from the diaspora registered and
issued with Ghana cards on pilot basis, registered and issued Ghana Cards to 17,355,673 citizens
aged 15 years and above, organised training for 193 End-users from Ghana Health Service (GHS),
Ghana Education Service (GES), Local Government Service (LGS) and Office of the Head of
Civil Service (OHCS) on Employee Profile and Establishment Management, re-implemented the
Human Resource Management Information Systems (HRMIS) with seven additional Ministries,
Departments and Agencies (MDAs) to the existing 63 MDAs bringing the total number to 70,
coordinated the utilisation of the Ghana Macro Economic Model and presented the second
Voluntary National Review (VNR) report on the implementation of Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) at the High-Level Political Forum (HLPF) in New York.

These notwithstanding, there are problems of insufficient funding of development communication,

ineffective advocacy strategies by relevant institutions responsible for public education, delay in
establishment of a database on Ghanaians in the Diaspora, slow pace of the National Identification
Verification System (NIVS) on-boarding process, delays in the release of central government
transfers to MMDAs in total national receipt and human right issues in the business environment.

Notable recommendations include: strengthening capacity of the media to play watchdog role,
establishing an appropriate framework for collaborative engagement with the media, providing
sustainable financing for development communication, increasing trading in the African
Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in partnership with local assemblies and the private sector,
developing a resilient National Action Plan (NAP) to combat modern slavery that will eliminate
discrimination against vulnerable persons to promote decent work, expediting the NIVS on-
boarding process, ensuring that there is no indexation to foreign currency in awarding new
contracts and no advance mobilisation payment clauses, implementing relevant recommendations

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of the review of government flagship programmes and evaluating Ghana COVID-19 Alleviation
and Revitalisation Support (CARES) Programme.

Linking the 2022 Budget to the Implementation of the Policy Framework

This section evaluated the linkage between the 2022 budgetary allocations and the priorities of the
MTNDPF, 2022-2025. It also examined expenditure on government’s 38 Flagship Projects and
Programmes (FPPs); the alignment of 2022 spending priorities with the thematic areas of the
MTNDPF; and an analysis of the budgetary allocation for the various sectors.

Government made a payment of GHS 100.41 million to LEAP beneficiaries as against a budget
allocation of GHS 197.54 million. The National School Feeding programme which provides hot
meals to pupils in public primary schools received a payment of GHS666.08 million out of the
GHS881 million budgeted. Payments made for Free Senior High School (SHS) was also below its
budgetary allocation of GHS2.3 billion with only GHS1.61 billion paid. Total government sector
budgetary allocation for 2022 increased to GHS59.61 billion from GHS48.16 billion in 2021 with
increased budgetary allocations to each government sector.

Limited releases for the implementation of government FPPs, the unavailability of data on
government’s FPPs, delay in submission of reports on government's FPPs and the limited sector
budget allocations and releases to support the economy were some of the challenges identified.

The key policy recommendations include reviewing all government FPPs, monitoring and
reporting on the implementation and financing of FPPs, and identifying other sources of funding
to support sector initiatives.

Emergency Planning and COVID-19 Response

The dimension focused on achievements in building resilience to withstand threats of different
kinds including COVID-19. The achievements were measured through seven focus areas. Notable
achievements for the year include drafting the Ghana Plan of Action for Disaster Risk Reduction
and Climate Change Adaptation, the preparation of Disaster Risk Reduction plans by 1 Regional
Coordinating Council (RCC) and 152 MMDAs, vaccination of 12,034,108 persons with the first
dose of COVID vaccine, 8,977,750 persons fully vaccinated and 2,544,214 persons receiving at
least one booster dose as the major COVID-19 prevention strategy, rescue of 846 trafficked
persons, engaging 2,163 communities in disaster risk reduction, and dredging and desilting of 408
drains.

Challenges include the incidence of disasters across the country, limited knowledge in the design
and construction of earthquake resistance structures, and delayed assessment of COVID-19
initiatives.

Recommendations include providing timely and precise forecast in anticipation of disaster,

intensifying public education on earthquake awareness and pre-disaster drills and building codes,

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improving capacity of engineers, architects and other stakeholders on earthquake-resistance
construction, and accelerating the processes for the evaluation of the post COVID-19 initiatives.

Implementation, Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation at the District Level

The section evaluated the progress in implementation, coordination, monitoring and evaluation of
the MTNDPF (2022-2025) at district level in 2022. The objectives were to improve plan
implementation and coordination; strengthen monitoring and evaluation systems at all levels;
enhance the production and utilisation of statistics; improve resource mobilisation and effectively
manage its utilisation; and enhance knowledge management and learning.

Notable achievements for the year include: improved IGF collection in some MMDAs;
introduction of new innovative revenue generation strategies; connection of 354 communities of
the targeted 520 communities to the national grid under the National Electrification Scheme;
embarking on street lighting initiatives for the six newly created districts.

Challenges include: no systematic mechanisms for revenue estimates at the MMDAs and RCCs;
low Internally Generated Fund (IGF) mobilisation for local development, over reliance on central
government transfers, and leakages in IGF collection.

Key recommendations include: conduct valuations and re-valuation of residential and commercial
properties to enable MMDAs charge the right property rates and fees; digitise revenue collection
to reduce excessive leakages in IGF collection; innovate and diversify revenue sources; ensure
timely submission and reviews of certified Annual Action Plans (AAPs); and introduction of
electronic receipt mechanisms to ensure proper accountability.

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 Chapter 1: Introduction

1.0. Background
The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Ghana (Article 36, clause 5) mandates every President
to "present to Parliament, within two years of taking office, a coordinated programme of economic
and social development policies, including agricultural and industrial programmes at all levels and
in all the regions of Ghana."

The President released the Coordinated Programme of Economic and Social Development Policies
(CPESDP), 2017–2024, with the slogan “An Agenda for Jobs: Creating Prosperity and Equal
Opportunity for All” in order to fulfil this constitutional mandate. The goal of this coordinated
programme is to create "an optimistic, self-assured, and prosperous nation, operating within a
democratic, open, and fair society where mutual trust and economic opportunities exist for all."

The Coordinated Programme served as the basis for creating a thorough medium-term national
development policy framework (MTNDPF), which will be put into effect from 2022 to 2025. The
Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs), the Regional Coordinating Councils
(RCCs), the Development Authorities (DAs)-Coastal, Middle Belt and Northern, and the
Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) each created their own medium-term development
plans based on the MTNDPF (2022-2025). The Annual Actions Plans (AAPs) of the Medium-
Term Development Plans (MTDPs) were implemented with the help of annual national budgets,
the basis for which is derived from MTNDPF (2022-2025).

In accordance with its authority under Article 87, clause 2e of the 1992 Constitution to monitor,
assess, and coordinate development policies, programmes, and projects, the National Development
Planning Commission (NDPC) has been preparing Annual Progress Reports (APRs) on the
implementation of the MTNDPFs. The APRs track the implementation of the MTNDPFs against
a predetermined set of goals, pinpoint major obstacles, and suggest appropriate policy changes.
The twenty first in the series since 2002, the Annual Progress Report (APR) for 2022 gives an
update on how the current MTNDPF implementation is going.

1.1. Objectives
The report evaluates the status of policy and strategy implementation as outlined in the MTNDPF.
The 2022 APR's main objectives are to:
 Monitor progress in key national development performance indicators;
 Assess the degree to which the targets set forth in the Medium-Term National Development
Policy Framework have been met; and
 Make suggestions on how to hasten the implementation of the framework, which runs from
2022 to 2025.

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 1.2. Preparation Process
In accordance with section 1 of the National Development Planning (System) Act 1994 (Act 480)
and regulation 11 of National Development Planning Commission Regulations, 2020 L.I. 2402,
the 2022 national APR was prepared in a participatory manner through Cross-Sectoral Planning
Groups (CSPGs) in order to guarantee broad ownership of the report. These legislations permitted
NDPC to obtain inputs from multiple stakeholders to prepare the report. As part of the
Commission's coordination of the entire 2022 national APR preparation, the process began with
the approval of the 2022 national APR concept paper by the Commission.

The MTNDPF (2022-2025) results framework was afterwards reviewed and key indicators
selected based on the dimensions and embedded into a data collection matrix designed to gather
data from MDAs, RCCs, DAs and MMDAs. Subsequently, an inception meeting was held for
CSPGs to discuss the draft instrument for use to generate data to kick-start the preparation of the
report. The revised data collection instrument was shared with all 44 MDAs, 16 RCCs and 261
MMDAs and other stakeholders to gather the required data. Data obtained was analysed by
technical staff of the Commission during a write-shop to measure progress of accomplishments of
key performance indicators in 2022.

The data and information submitted by the MDAs and MMDAs to NDPC were also assessed for
further information. A draft report was prepared and presented to the CSPGs for validation. The
draft report was updated and submitted to the thematic committees of the Commission for review.
The comments were incorporated and shared with the editorial and development communication
committee of the Commission for technical editing. The report was revised with the comments of
the editorial committee and subsequently published, launched and disseminated.

1.3 Data Availability, Quality and Reliability

Timely access to quality, credible and reliable data from MDAs, DAs, RCCs and MMDAs
hindered the preparation of the 2022 APR. Twenty-five of 44 MDAs submitted APRs. They were:
1) Ministry of Finance (MoF)
2) Ministry of Energy (MoE)
3) Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration (MFARI)
4) Ministry of Chieftaincy and Traditional Affairs (MCTA)
5) Ministry of Environment Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI)
6) Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection
7) Ministry of Local Government, Decentralisation and Rural Development
8) Office of the Attorney General and Ministry of Justice
9) Public Services Commission (PSC)
10) Ministry of Trade and Industry (MoTI)
11) Office of the Head of Civil Service (OHCS)
12) Ministry of Roads and Highways (MoRH)
13) Ministry of Works and Housing (MWH)

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 14) Ministry of Defence (MoD)
15) National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE)
16) Ministry of Health (MoH)
17) Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources (MLNR)
18) Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA)
19) Ministry of Transport (MoT)
20) Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources (MSWR)
21) Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Creative Arts (MTCCA)
22) Ministry of Information
23) Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations (MELR)
24) Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development (MFAD)
25) Ministry of Youth and Sports (MoYS)

The following, 19 of 44 MDAs did not submit the 2022 APR. They are:
1) Ministry of Communications (MoC)
2) Ministry of Education (MOE)
3) Ministry of Railway Development (MRD)
4) Ministry of National Security
5) Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
6) Office of Government Machinery (OGM)
7) Parliament
8) Ghana Audit Service (GAS)
9) District Assembly Common Fund (DACF)
10) Electoral Commission (EC)
11) National Media Commission (NMC)
12) National Development Planning Commission (NDPC)
13) Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA)
14) Ministry for business Development (MbD)
15) National Labour Commission (NLC)
16) Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ)
17) Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP)
18) Legal Aid Commission (LAC)
19) Judicial Service (JS)
All 16 RCCs and the 261 MMDAs submitted their 2022 APRs. However, the 3 DAs did not submit
2022 APRs.

Despite non-availability of data from the primary sources, the Commission augmented data for
preparing the 2022 national APR with information from other relevant sources. These soruces
included the Budget Statements, Budget implementation and performance reports, Auditor-
General’s report, reports received from development partners especially the International
Monetary Fund (IMF), the United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF), the World Health

Page 25 of 245
Organization (WHO) and the World Bank. Other data sources were from Ghana Statistical Service,
Ghana's 2022 Voluntary National Report on the SDGs and relevant institutional websites.
Specific challenges encountered during the preparation of the 2022 National APR were:
i. Insufficient data from MDAs on a range of indicators;
ii. Non response to NDPC’s data collection instrument by some MDAs;
iii. Delay in data validation due to inconsistencies in data collected from MDAs and MMDAs
for the same variables over the same time period;
iv. Delays in providing required data by MDAs and MMDAs;
v. Existence of different reporting formats and cycles by requesting authorities, particularly
at the MDA and MMDA levels; and
vi. Inadequate technical and financial resources for carrying out monitoring and evaluation
activities at all levels, as well as conducting monitoring and evaluation activities

1.4 Overview
In 2022, the economy still remained challenged as macro fiscal policies severely suffered leading
to a fall in productivity in the manufacturing sector and heightened vulnerability to global markets
and commodity price shocks. The development of the country was marred by weak fiscal health,
limited social protection support, high public debt, unsustainable monetary and exchange rate
regimes, weak financial sector, polarised governance and high civic disengagement and weak
growth policies. Specifically, the economy continued to experience debt and energy crises, large
trade and fiscal imbalances, arguably due to non-adherence to the tenets of long-term planning.

Despite these challenges GoG mobilised a total of GHS21.8 billion (US$1.9 billion) to finance the
COVID alleviation programme and the Ghana COVID-19 EPRP. Most of these funds were
utilised in response to the COVID-19 emergency. For example, out of the US$430 million
allocated from the World Bank, 76 percent was spent on medical equipment, cleaning materials,
medicines, consultancy, storage facility for the vaccines and deployment, life insurance,
construction, leasing and renting of treatment and isolation centres by the Ministry of Health. An
amount of US$1 billion from IMF was allocated to the capitalisation of the Development Bank of
Ghana (DBG), construction of 88 District Hospitals and seven regional hospitals.

The overall Real GDP growth declined to 3.5 percent in 2022 from 5.4 percent in 2021. End of
year inflation for 2022 was 54.1 percent. The Ghana Cedi depreciated by 30 percent against the
US dollar. The Industrial sector recorded a positive growth of 0.9 percent in 2022 as it recovered
from a contraction of 0.5 in 2021. There was also an increase in interest rates for 91-day and 182-
day treasury bill to 35.48 percent and 36.23 percent in 2022 from 12.49 percent and 13.19 percent
in 2021 respectively. Ghana experienced increased crop yields for some major staples such as
maize (135%), rice (67%) and soya (18%) in 2022. The country achieved food self-sufficiency in
major food staples such as maize (114%), sorghum (106%) and plantain (116%).

Page 26 of 245
In 2022, 562 fisheries officers and stakeholders from 21 fisher-based organisations were trained
on best practices in post-harvest management and small-scale fisheries voluntary guidelines.
Under Aquaculture for Food and Jobs, 294 beneficiaries were trained in the hygienic handling and
processing of fish and marketing strategies. 25 beneficiary institutions and groups were supported
under the Aquaculture for Food and Jobs (AFJ) Programme.

Tourism-related employment increased to 276,985 in 2022 from 252,714 in 2021. In 2022, Ghana
was ranked 101st out of 117 countries compared to the rank of 115th in 2021 on the Global Travel
and Tourism Competitiveness.

The 2021 Population and Housing Census (PHC) report shed light on the economic activities of
children in the country. According to the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), a staggering 419,254
children between the ages of 5 and 17 are involved in various economic activities across the
country. It was revealed that out of the total number of child labourers, 76,439 fall within the age
group of 5 to 9, 153,189 are aged between 10 and 14, while an alarming 189,626 children are
between 15 and 17 years old. Children aged 5 to 17 dedicated an average of 29.2 hours to economic
activities in the seven days preceding the Census Night.

Ghana participated in the 2022 World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for national
football teams organized by FIFA. It took place in Qatar from 20 November to 18 December 2022.
The male senior national team, the Black Stars qualified to the 2022 FIFA World Cup tournament
which Ghana was placed in ‘Group H’ together with Portugal, Uruguay and South Korea. The
Black Stars of Ghana however failed to qualify to the next stage of the competition after playing
in the group stage. Similarly, the Black Princesses participated in the 2022 World Cup Tournament
held in Costa Rica and exited at the group stage. The Black Stars had earlier in the year exited the
group stages of 2021 AFCON tournament held in Cameroon. The four-time African champions
were eliminated from the competition after the Black Stars was defeated 3-2 by the Comoros
Islands male senior national team-The Coelacanths (Les Coelacantes) in the final “Group C” game.
Ghana lost the opening game to Morocco, and drew equals (1-1) with Gabon. Thus, Ghana failed
to win a single game out of 3 matches played during the group stage. The ‘no-win’ syndrome was
the first such unfavorable outcome ever recorded by the Black Stars in the annals of an AFCON
tournament Ghana had participated.

Ghana overtook South A frica to become Africa’s largest producer of gold. Ghana’s earnings from
gold exports amounted to US$4.80 billion representing an annual growth of 25 percent. In 2022,
ECG lost over US$180 million revenue because of non-payment of electricity bills. Some
government Ministries, Department and Agencies (MDAs) together owed about 80 percent with
approximately US$1,300 million of electricity bills due ECG in accumulated arrears. Air quality
monitoring was undertaken for five regulatory sites out of the planned eight sites in Accra, due to
the breaking down of some monitoring equipment. The average level of particulate matter (PM 10
and PM2.5) or pollutants effluent quality were above EPA recommended Ghana Standards levels

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for air quality. The Graphic Road annual mean was 168(µg/m3 which falls within 151µg/m3 to
200µg/m3. This represents an unhealthy air quality index of health concern. Ghana’s urban
population continues to grow, increasing from 12,545,229 (50.9%) in 2010 to 17,472,530 (56.7%)
in 2021 with almost half (47.8%) of the increase in Greater Accra and Ashanti regions.

Ghana successfully presented its second Voluntary National Review (VNR) report on the
implementation of SDGs at the High-Level Political Forum (HLPF) in New York. Ghana
maintained its position as the second largest country with inflow of remittances in Africa (US$4.7
billion). Trade volume in non-traditional products in the ECOWAS sub-region increased. NDPC
and BoG collaborated with other key stakeholders including MoF, GSS and University Cape Coast
to coordinate the utilisation of the Ghana Macro Economic Model. The HRMIS was re-
implemented with 7 more MDAs added to the existing 63 MDAs bringing the total number to 70.
A total of 2,535 inmates were enrolled by GPrS for examinations including the BECE, NVTI
programmes, and the WASSCE. Youth at all levels of governance were equipped with resources
as part of their civic responsibility duties to engage in decision-making processes. NIA established
16 Regional and 276 District decentralised offices, commenced issuance of Ghana cards to citizens
from the diaspora on pilot basis and registered and issued Ghana Cards to 17,355,673 citizens aged
15 years and above.

In 2022, LEAP beneficiaries received a total of GHS100,409,470.85; National School Feeding

Programme received GHS 666,079,276.09; Free SHS received GHS1,607,421,978.69; National
Identification Programme received GHS106,005,139.24; YouStart Programme received
GHS25,000,000.00; and Teacher Training Allowance beneficiaries received a total of
GHS233,420,902.01.

Data was collated to draft the Ghana Plan of Action for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate
Change Adaptation. A total of 152 MMDAs have prepared disaster risk reduction (DRR) plans.
Government supported 21,935 disaster victims and responded to 1,552 emergencies. Government
rescued 846 trafficked persons in 2022.

There was improved Internally Generated Fund (IGF) collection. Twelve out of the 261 MMDAs
achieved over 100 percent growth in IGF. Innovative revenue generation strategies were
introduced alongside management supervision to ensure receipts are properly accounted for and
to block identified revenue leakages. Under the National Electrification Scheme, 354 of the
targeted 520 communities representing 70.19 percent were connected to the national grid and street
lighting initiatives for the six newly created regional capitals were undertaken.

1.5 Arrangements of the Chapters

There are three chapters in the 2022 National APR. A summary of the report and an explanation
of the methods used to prepare it were given in Chapter One. The status (progress) of the
MTNDPF's implementation from 2022 to 2025 was described in Chapter Two in terms of seven
different categories, including:

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 i. Economic Development;
ii. Social Development;
iii. Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlement;
iv. Governance, Corruption and Public Accountability and Ghana’s Role in International Affairs;
v. Linking the 2022 national budget to the implementation of the policy framework;
vi. Emergency Planning and COVID-19 Response
vii. Implementation, coordination, monitoring and evaluation at the district level

Each dimension described the specific policy goals, assessed how well they were being
implemented using a set of metrics, and highlighted both significant successes and obstacles. For
each development dimension, policy recommendations were made.

In Chapter three, a set of recommendations were included along with the broad conclusions drawn
from this report's findings. Additional information on the indicators under the focus areas of each
dimension is provided in the appendices.

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 Chapter 2: Implementation of The Medium-Term National Development Policy
Framework

2.1. Economic Development

2.1.1 Introduction
In 2022, the global economy continued to experience slowdown in some major economies due to
the effects of COVID-19, climate change, and conflicts (3Cs).3 The COVID-19 pandemic
exacerbated inequalities and affected the world’s poorest countries, especially those in Africa.
Beyond health and humanitarian crises, the devastating side effects of COVID-19 deepened socio-
economic inequalities. It disrupted worldwide trade and pushed 93 million additional people into
extreme poverty.4 Also, during 2022, it was estimated that global economic growth declined to
about 3.2 percent compared to 6.0 percent experienced in 2021. Documented evidence showed
that progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) slowed and, in some
cases reversed.5 The International Monetary Fund (IMF) revealed that the estimated growth rate
of developed economies declined to about 2.4 percent in 2022 from 5.2 percent in 2021.6

These global difficulties exerted external shocks on an already fragile macroeconomic situation in
Ghana, thereby disrupting its economic performance in 2022. Ghana’s poor macro position
emanating mostly from fiscal weaknesses was exacerbated by the lack of access to funds from the
International Capital Market (ICM). A final contributory factor that got the economy disrupted
was the liquidity constraints and expected demands from both bilateral and multilateral institutions
to service large debts, especially old bonds and treasury bills. In addition to the fiscal and
associated macroeconomic difficulties, COVID-19 pandemic and protracted Russia-Ukraine war
aggravated supply chain constraints that impacted negatively on the productive sector of the
country.

Real GDP growth in Ghana slowed to 3.5 percent in 2022 from 5.3 percent in 2021 due to
macroeconomic instability and global financial tightening. Inflation, driven by food and energy
prices, and depreciating Ghana Cedi, was 54.1 percent in 2022, an increase from 12.6 percent in
2021. The fiscal deficit fell to 8.3 percent of GDP from 9.2 percent in 2021. Gross international
reserves declined to $6.2 billion in 2022 (2.9 months of import cover) from $9.7 billion in 2021
(6.9 months of import cover). Standard of living was negatively impacted by the rising cost of
goods and services, and unemployment.7

This section assessed the rate of progress towards the attainment of the economic objectives of the
medium-term policy framework. The section is discussed under six focus areas. These are:

3
https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/crfs_cop27_newsletter.pdf
4
October 2022 OECD DAC EvalNet Secretariat
5
October 2022 OECD DAC EvalNet Secretariat
6
October 2022 World Economic Outlook, Iinternational Monetary Fund
7
2023 African Economic Outlook by the African Development Bank Group

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 i) Strong and Resilient Macro Economy: enhance monetary discipline and financial
stability; ensure improved fiscal performance and sustainability; and promote international
trade and investment
ii) Industrial Transformation: ensure energy availability and reliability; enhance production
and supply of quality raw materials; improve research and development (R&D) innovation,
and sustainable financing for industrial development; ensure improved skills development
for industry; and pursue strategic national industrial development initiatives.
iii) Private Sector Development: enhance business-enabling environment; improve business
financing; support entrepreneurs and Medium, Small and Micro Enterprises (MSMEs)
development; enhance domestic trade; formalise the informal economy; ensure consumer
protection; and promote good corporate governance.
iv) Agriculture and Rural Development: create an enabling agribusiness environment;
improve public-private investments in the agriculture sector; modernise and enhance
agricultural productions systems; improve post-harvest management; promote agriculture
as a viable business among the youth; and promote livestock and poultry development.
v) Fisheries and Aquaculture Development: ensure sustainable development and
management of aquaculture, and ensure sustainable development and management of
fisheries resources.
vi) Tourism and Creative Industry Development: diversify and expand the tourism industry
for economic development, and develop a competitive creative industry.
Government adopted some strategies to ensure a strong and resilient macro economy. These
included enhancing monetary discipline and financial stability; ensuring improved fiscal
performance and sustainability; and promoting international trade and investment. Guided by the
medium-term policy objectives, the following macroeconomic targets were set for 2022;

i. Overall Real GDP growth of 3.7 percent;

ii. Non-Oil Real GDP growth rate of 4.3 percent;
iii. End-period inflation of 28.5 percent;
iv. Overall fiscal deficit of 6.6 percent of GDP;
v. Primary surplus of 0.4 percent of GDP; and
vi. Gross International Reserves sufficient to cover at least three and half months of
imports of goods and services.

2.1.2 Key Performance indices

The key performance indices in 2022 are:

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 i. Overall Real GDP growth declined to 3.5 percent8 in 2022 from 5.49 percent in 2021;
ii. End of year inflation for 2022 was 54.1 percent;
iii. Ghana Cedi depreciated by 30 percent against the US dollar;
iv. Industrial sector recorded a positive growth of 0.9 percent 10 in 2022 as it recovered from a
contraction of 0.5 in 2021;
v. An increase in interest for 91-day and 182-day treasury bill to 35.48 percent and 36.23 percent
in 2022 from 12.49 percent and 13.19 percent in 2021 respectively;
vi. Domestic tourists decreased to 534,711 in 2022 from 588,946 in 2021;
vii. Increased crop yields for some major staples such as maize (135%), rice (67%) and soya
(18%) in 2022;
viii. Food self-sufficiency in major food staples such as maize (114%), Sorghum (106%) and
plantain (116%).
2.1.3 Progress of Implementation
This section reviews the progress of implementation in the areas of building strong and resilient
macro economy, industrial transformation, private sector development, agriculture and rural
development, fisheries and aquaculture development, and tourism and creative industry
development

2.1.3.1 Build Strong and Resilient Macro Economy

The objectives under this focus area are to enhance monetary discipline and financial stability;
ensure improved fiscal performance and sustainability; and promote international trade and
investment

a. Enhance Monetary Discipline and Financial Stability

The 2021 National APR recommended for NDPC, MoF and GSS to assess the recovery response
of the national budget based on the support received from the CARES Obaatanpa programme. 11
The aim of GoG was to raise GHS100 billion to fund the implementation of Ghana CARES
Obaatanpa programme, GHS30 billion financed by GoG and GHS70 billion from the private
sector.12 However, evidence obtained from the budget statements by the Ministry of Finance for
the years 2020, 2021 and 2022 , Auditor-General’s reports and funding agreement documents
between different funders and the GoG revealed that resources were obtained from international
funders such as the World Bank, IMF, European Union, African Development Bank and to a
limited extent, the Bank of Ghana.

The World Bank project implementation documents revealed that, under the Ghana COVID-19
Emergency Preparedness and Response Project (EPRP) (P173788), US$35 million was allocated
for emergency response, strengthening multi sector, national institutions and platforms for policy

8
November 2022, The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government for the 2023 financial year
9
2021 National Annual Progress Report
10
The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government for the 2023 financial year
11
2021 National APR, National Development Planning Commission-Website: https//:www.ndpc.gov.gh
12
Ministry of Finance, 2021, Ghana Covid-19 Alleviation and Revitalization of Enterprises Support.

Page 32 of 245
development, community engagement and risk communication and implementation of
management and monitoring and evaluation of the project in the first phase.13

An additional US$200 million from the International Development Association (IDA) was
allocated to support the Ghana COVID-19 EPRP (P176485).14 In 2022, GoG requested a third
additional funding of US$60 million for the EPRP from IDA.15 The Auditor-General’s report of
COVID-19 expenditure revealed that US$430 million was acquired from the World Bank 16.
Another US$1 billion was allocated by the IMF in 2021 as part of the new Special Drawing Rights
(SDRs) allocation to boost the post-COVID-19 economic recovery of member countries.17

In addition, the Bank of Ghana extended a GHS10 billion (US$890 million) facility to
Government, of which the first tranche of GHS5.5 billion (US$489 million) was reported as been
drawn.18 The Auditor-General provided audited expenditure reports which could be used to assess
allocative efficiency on the Ghana CARES. For example, the Report on COVID-19 expenditure
provides audited expenditure data for the period March 2020 to June 2022.

The report indicated that GoG mobilised a total of GHS21.8 billion (US$1.9 billion) to finance the
COVID alleviation programme and the Ghana COVID-19 EPRP. The report also revealed that
most of these funds were utilised in response to the COVID-19 emergency. For example, out of
the US$430 million allocated from the World Bank, 76 percent was reported to have been spent
on medical equipment, cleaning materials, medicines, consultancy, storage facility for the vaccines
and deployment, life insurance, construction, leasing and renting of treatment and isolation centres
by the Ministry of Health. A US$1 billion from the IMF is reported to have been allocated to the
capitalisation of the National Development Bank of Ghana, construction of 88 District Hospitals
and seven regional hospitals.19 The Auditor-General’s report and the MoF’s budget documents
provided detailed data on financial performance.

Inflation Rate: Inflation was 54.1 percent as at the end of 2022. This shows a significant increase
from 2021 inflation of 12.6 percent. The increase in inflation in the year under review was driven
by increase in petroleum prices on the back of high global crude oil prices and the Ghana Cedi
depreciation. These resulted in increased transport costs, which exerted significant pressures on
food and non-food items in the consumer basket.20 According to the Ghana Statistical Service the
country’s imported inflation stood at 61.9 percent as at end of December 2022 as food prices rose

13
The World Bank. 2020. Project Information Document. Ghana COVID-19 Emergency Preparedness and Response Project (P173788)
14
The World Bank. 2021. Project Information Document. Ghana COVID-19 Emergency Preparedness and Response Project Second Additional
Financing (P176485). Report No: PIDISDSA32149
15
The World Bank. 2022. Project Information Document. Ghana COVID-19 Emergency Preparedness and Response Project (P178054). Report
number: PIDA32922.
16
Ghana Audit Services. 2022. Report on the audit of the government of Ghana Covid-19 expenditure for the period March 2020 to June 2022.
17
https://www.ghanacares.gov.gh/news/2021-06-08/gog-and-ifc-hold-strategic-retreat-align-resources-critical-areas-under-ghana-cares-obaatanpa
18
Ministry of Finance, 2021, Ghana Covid-19 Alleviation and Revitalization of Enterprises Support. Pg23
19
Ghana Audit Services. 2022. Report on the audit of the government of Ghana Covid-19 expenditure for the period March 2020 to June 2022.
https://audit.gov.gh/files/audit_reports/Report_on_the_audit_of_the_Government_of_Ghana_Covid-
19_expenditure_for_the_period_March_2020_to_June_2022.pdf
20
January 2023 Bank of Ghana Monetary Policy Committee Report

Page 33 of 245
by 59.7 percent and transport costs increased by 71.4 percent. Food contributed 50 percent to
overall inflation.21 Ghana was ranked by the World Bank as the country with the highest food
prices in sub-Saharan Africa in 2022.

Interest and Exchange rates: Interest rate on a 91-day treasury bill increased to 35.48 percent in
2022 from 12.49 percent in 2021. Similarly, the interest rate of a 182-day treasury bill increased
to 36.23 percent in 2022 from 13.19 percent in 2021.22 The Ghana Cedi depreciated against the
US Dollar by 30 percent in 2022 compared to 4.3 percent in 2021. The Ghana Cedi depreciated at
a relatively low rate against the Pound Sterling and Euro at 21.19 percent and 25.34 percent
respectively. 23 Although in 2022, the Ghana Cedi was not the best performing currency, it was
ranked the strongest currency in West Africa.24

Public and Private Sector Credit: The stock of gross loans and advances (domestic and foreign)
increased by 30.19 percent (year-on-year) to GH¢70.0 billion at end-December 2022, compared
to a growth of 12.6 percent in December 2021. The industry’s strong credit outturn partly reflected
the revaluation effect of foreign currency loans. Private sector credit grew by 31.8 percent to
GH¢63.8 billion in December 2022 compared with a growth of 11.5 percent in the previous year.
The pickup in the growth of credit to the private sector was reflected in all components of private
sector credit.

Public sector credit, on the other hand, recorded a lower growth of 16.1 percent to GH¢6.2 billion
at end-December 2022 compared to the growth of 27.1 percent in the previous year. Accordingly,
the share of private sector credit in total credit rose to 91.1 percent in December 2022 from 90
percent in December 2021, while the share of public sector credit in total credit declined from 10
percent to 8.9 percent over the same comparative period (Table 2.1.1.1).

Table 2.1.1.1: Sector Distribution of Bank’s Outstanding Credit, 2021&2022

Indicator Actuals (GHS Million) %Change

2021 2022

Public Sector 5,381.75 6,246.77 16.1

21
June 2022 Samuel Kobina Annim Inaugural Lecture University of Cape Coast
22
January 2023 Bank of Ghana Monetary Policy Committee Report
23
Monetary Policy Report, BOG Research Department – January 2023
24
The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government for the 2023 financial year

Page 34 of 245
 Private Sector 48,385.58 63,753.45 31.76

Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries 1,656.64 2,664.02 60.8

Export Trade 200.54 386.70 92.8

Manufacturing 5,688.17 7,129.87 25.4

Transport, Storage, & Communication 3,353.27 3,562.29 6.23

Mining & Quarrying 817.41 1,564.11 91.35

Import Trade 1,733.00 2,092.13 20.72

Construction 5,089.74 6,454.74 26.82

Commerce & Finance 7,498.53 11,513.42 53.54

Electricity, Gas & Water 1,961.31 3,501.71 78.54

Services 16,867.22 20,855.96 23.65

Miscellaneous 3,519.76 4,028.50 14.45

Grand Total 53,767.32 70,000.22 30.19

Source: Bank of Ghana

Banking Sector: Growth in broad money supply (M2+) increased in December 2022 mainly on
the back of significant expansion in the Net Domestic Assets (NDA) of the depository corporation
sector. However, the Net Foreign Assets (NFA) contracted, partially offsetting the expansion in
the NDA. M2+ growth increased to 33.0 percent in December 2022 compared with 12.5 percent
in the same period of 2021. The contribution of NDA to the growth of M2+ increased to 47.5
percent from 21.7 percent. The NFA decreased to negative 14.5 percent from negative 9.2 percent,
over the same comparative period. The annual growth rates of NFA contracted by 261.1 percent
in December 2022 relative to 59.8 percent contraction in December 2021. The growth rate of NDA
expanded by 50.3 percent compared with 25.8 percent, over the same comparative period (Table
2.1.1.2).

Table 2.1.1.2: Monetary Indicators, December 2021 and December 2022

Indicator Actual (GHS Million) Year on Year Differences

Dec-21 Dec-22 As at Dec 2021 As at Dec-2022

Actual % Actual %

Reserved Money 43,244.90 68,103.84 7,162.85 19.85 24,858.94 57.48

Page 35 of 245
 Narrow Money (M1) 69,389.31 88,484.18 8,605.86 14.16 19,094.87 27.52

Broad Money (M2) 105,737.75 135,142.49 11,288.24 11.95 29,405.22 27.81

Broad Money (M2+) 135,555.75 180,266.84 15,076.66 12.51 44,711.09 32.98

Net Foreign Asset 7,531.35 -12,133.70 -11,189.71 59.8 19,665.05 -261.1

(NFA)

Net Domestic Asset 128,024.40 192,400.54 26,266.37 25.8 64,376.14 50.3

(NDA)

Source: Bank of Ghana

Total assets of the banking sector grew by 22.9 percent to GHS221.0 billion at end-December
2022, compared with 20.4 percent growth recorded in December 2021. The higher growth in assets
was partly driven by the revaluation of the foreign currency component of banks’ assets which
increased the carrying amount in cedi terms on banks’ balance sheet. Growth in foreign assets
improved to 42.6 percent in December 2022 compared to the 13.9 percent contraction in 2021.
Growth in domestic assets recorded a lower growth of 21.7 percent in December 2022 compared
to the growth of 23.4 percent in December 2021. The share of foreign assets in total assets
increased to 6.7 percent from 5.8 percent while the share of domestic assets in total assets declined
from 94.2 percent to 93.3 percent during the reference period (See Table 2.1.1.3).

Table 2.1.1.3: Banking Sector Indicators

Indicators Actuals (GHS Million) Year on Year Growth (%) Share (%)
Dec-2021 Dec-2022 Dec-2021 Dec-2022 Dec-2021 Dec-2022

Foreign Asset 10,451.4 14,906.3 -13.9 42.6 5.8 6.7

Domestic Asset 169352.2 206057.0 23.4 21.7 94.2 93.3

Total Assets 179,803.9 220,963.3 20.4 22.9 100 100

Source: Bank of Ghana

Non-Performing Loans: The industry’s exposure to credit risk declined in December 2022
relative to December 2021, following the decline in Non-Performing Loans (NPL) ratio. The NPL
stock, however, increased within the period indicating that credit risk remains elevated in the
banking industry. The industry’s asset quality improved during the period under review following
the decline in the NPL ratio from 15.2 percent in December 2021 to 14.8 percent in December
2022. The decline in the NPL ratio was due to higher growth in total loans (29.8% year-on-year
growth) relative to the NPL stock (26.1% year-on-year growth) during the review period. The
industry’s NPL stock, increased from GH¢8.2 billion in December 2021 to GH¢10.4 billion in

Page 36 of 245
December 2022. This partly as a result of revaluation of foreign currency NPLs and the
deterioration in some domestic currency loan portfolios. In terms of distribution by economic
sector, the private sector had the biggest share of NPLs and total credit. Its share of total NPLs,
however, declined from 96 percent to 92.4 percent between December 2021 and December 2022.
The Public sector share of NPLs increased from 4 percent to 7.6 percent over the same comparative
period (See Table 2.1.1.4)
Table 2.1.1.4: Distribution of Non-Performing loan, 2021 & 2022
Categories Dec-21 Dec-22
Share in Total Share in Share in Total Share in
Credit NPLs Credit NPLs
Public Sector 10.0 4.0 8.9 7.6
i. Government 5.2 1.9 4.5 4.2
ii. Public Institutions 1.9 0.0 1.3 0.2

Public Enterprises
iii. 2.9 2.1 3.1 3.2
Private Sector
90.0 96.0 91.1 92.4

i. Private Enterprises 64.4 86.5 68.7 82.8

o/w Foreign 9.1 9.2 9.4 6.4
Indigenous 55.3 77.2 59.3 76.4
ii. Households
22.9 7.9 20.2 8.6
iii. Others 2.7 1.6 2.2 1.0
Source: Bank of Ghana Monetary Policy Committee Report, January 2023

b. Ensure Improved Fiscal Performance and Sustainability

The economy of Ghana continued to experience difficulties over the past medium term. This
resulted in debt service challenges and volatility of other macroeconomic indicators, including
high inflation, hikes in exchange rate depreciation, weakening business confidence and slow
economic growth.

Real Growth in GDP: The overall Real GDP growth rate decreased to 3.5 percent in 2022 from
5.3 percent in 2021 which was below the target of 3.7 percent set for the year. The non-oil sector
Real GDP growth also declined to 3.8 percent in 2022 from a growth of 6.6 percent recorded in
2021, falling below the target of 4.3 set for the year. The Services Sector experienced the highest
growth (5.5%), followed by agriculture (4.9%) and industry (0.9%). The industry sector recovered
to record an expansion of 0.9 percent in 2022 from a contraction of -0.5 percent in 2021. This
represented a growth of 1.4 percentage points from 2021 (see Table 2.1.1.5)

Table 2.1.1.5: Real Sector Growth Rates (percent), 2021 & 2022
Budget Target
Indicators 2021
2022 2022
Real GDP (percent)
- Agriculture 8.5 3.1 4.2

Page 37 of 245
 - Industry -0.5 4.2 0.9
- Services 9.4 3.8 5.5
Overall GDP Growth Rate (incl. Oil) 5.3 3.7 3.5
Non-Oil GDP Growth Rate 6.6 4.3 3.8
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Ghana Statistical Service, National Accounts
Agriculture Sector: The Agriculture sector experienced challenges in 2022 including limited
access to agricultural credit; limited adoption and application of the value chain approach (e.g.,
production, processing, storage, marketing, transportation); limited focus on large scale
commercial farmers; budgetary strain on government; and low prioritization of national food
storage capacity. Despite these challenges, the sector grew at an average of 4.2 percent in 2022
compared to an average of 8.5 percent in 2021.

Although the fisheries subsector experienced the highest expansion among the subsectors, growth
declined to 8.8 percent in 2022 from 14.2 percent in 2021. The decline could be attributed to
prevalence of illegal fishing activities, increased sea surface temperature and rising sea levels
which increased occurrences of sea surge due to climate change and global warming. This
phenomenon resulted in sea erosion and destruction of landing sites affecting the livelihood of
artisanal fisherfolks (See

Table 2.1.1.6 ).25

Table 2.1.1.6 Agriculture Subsector Growth Rates (percent), 2021 & 2022
Subsectors 2021 2022
Agriculture Sector 8.5 4.2
Crops 8.9 3.8
o.w. Cocoa 10.4 0.9
Livestock 5.5 5.5
Forestry and Logging 4.4 1.7
Fishing 14.2 8.8
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Ghana Statistical Service, National Account

Industry Sector: The Industry Sector grew by 0.9 percent in 2022 signifying a robust sector
growth from -0.8 percent in 2021. In 2022, only mining and quarrying subsector experienced a
positive growth amongst the industry subsectors. All other subsectors experienced a contraction in
growth with oil & gas subsector having the highest contraction of 6.7 percent (See Table 2.1.1.7).

Table 2.1.1.7: Industry Subsector Growth Rates (percent), 2021& 2022

Subsectors 2021 2022
Industry Sector -0.5 0.9
Mining and Quarrying -12.2 8.1
o/w Oil & Gas -12.6 -6.7
Manufacturing 8.1 -2.5

25
Minister of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development at the launch of Elmina fishing port – Ghana News Agency (gna.org.gh)

Page 38 of 245
 Electricity 7.9 -3.3
Water and Sewerage 26.0 -4.9
Construction 6.0 -4.0
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Ghana Statistical Service, National Accounts

Services Sector: The Services Sector grew by 5.5 percent at the end of 2022. This meant a
reduction in the growth rate from 9.4 percent recorded in 2021. Information and Communication
subsector had the highest growth rate of 19.7 percent in 2022, followed by education, and health
and social work. The subsector with the least growth within the period was the professional,
administrative and support services, and real estate with a contraction of 10.9 percent and 7.6
percent respectively (see Table 2.1.1.8).

Table 2.1.1.8: Services Subsector Growth Rates (percent), 2021 & 2022
Subsectors 2021 2022
Services Sector 9.4 5.5
Trade; Repair of Vehicles, Household Goods 6.3 1.3
Hotels and Restaurants 4.7 -1.0
Transport and Storage 7.2 4.7
Information and communication 31.7 19.7
Financial and Insurance Activities 2.4 5.7
Real Estate 8.9 -7.6
Professional, Administrative & Support Service activities 10.8 -10.9
Public Administration & Defence; Social Security 25.5 6.1
Education -3.9 10.2
Health and Social Work 7.6 9.2
Other Service Activities 11.1 -1.3
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Ghana Statistical Service, National Account

Sectoral Share of GDP: As at 2022, the structure of the economy remained relatively unchanged.
The service sector had the largest share of the economy, having approximately 45 percent,
followed by Industry and Agriculture with a share of 34.2 percent and 20.9 percent respectively.
The industry sector grew its share of the GDP contribution by 3.8 percentage points in 2022 from
2021 whilst the service sector lost 4.4 percent within the same period (see Figure 2.1.1.1)

Figure 2.1.1.1: Sectoral Share of GDP (percent), 2021 & 2022

Page 39 of 245
 AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY SERIVCES

48.5

44.9
34.2
PERCENTAGE

30.4
21.1

20.9
2021 2022
YEAR

Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Ghana Statistical Service, National Accounts

Revenue and Expenditure Management

Overall Budget Balance: Provisional data on budget execution for January to December 2022
indicated a higher overall broad fiscal deficit (cash basis) of GHS49.7 billion (8.1 percent of
GDP), against the revised Mid-year 2022 target of GHS38.9 billion (6.3 percent of GDP). These
developments resulted in a deficit of GHS49.7 billion, of which GHS48.2 billion was financed
from domestic sources (see Table 2.1.1.9).

Primary Balance: The primary balance (on cash basis) recorded a deficit of 0.6 percent of GDP,
against a primary surplus target of 0.4 percent of GDP (see Table 2.1.1.9).

Total Revenue and Grants: Total revenue and grants amounted to GHS96.7 billion (15.70% of
GDP), marginally short of the revised target of GHS96.8 billion (15.73% of GDP) as shown in
Table 2.1.1.9.

Total Expenditure: Total expenditure was GHS146.3 billion (23.8% of GDP) above the revised
target of GHS135.7 billion (22.0% of GDP) as shown in Table 2.1.1.9.

Agreement with IMF for a Bailout: On the fiscal outlook, the 2023 Budget statement submitted
to Parliament in November 2022 set macro fiscal policies towards a consolidated path to economic
sustenance. This measure was agreed with the IMF in December 2022. The domestic debt
exchange, new revenue measures, and structural fiscal reforms were expected to provide
significant reduction of debt service and help create a sound fiscal space. The fiscal outlook was
contingent on financing of the budget, which required conclusion of the domestic debt exchange
programme in addition to securing the requisite financing assurances from bilateral donors.

Page 40 of 245
Under the Staff Level Agreement with the IMF, the Bank of Ghana and the Ministry of Finance
finalised a Memorandum of Understanding on zero financing to the budget, which was expected
to be signed in 2023.

Table 2.1.1.9: Summary of Fiscal Performance for 2021 & 2022

2022
Indicators 2021 Outturn Revised
Budget 2022 Provisional Outturn
Budget
Total Revenue & Grants
70.10 100.52 96.84 96.70
(Billion GHS)
Percent of GDP 15.30 20.01 16.36 15.93
Total Expenditure
135.70 146.30
(Billion GHS) 109.28 135.63
Percent of GDP 25.0 27.0 22.0 23.8
Primary Balance (Cash
Basis) percent of GDP -4.1 0.1 -0.6 0.4
Overall Budget Balance
(Cash Basis) (Billion -42.70 -35.11 -38.90 -49.70
GHS)
Percent of GDP -9.3 -6.99 -6.3 -8.1
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Monetary Policy Committee Report, BOG Research Department – March 2023

Public Debt Analysis: The stock of public debt at the end of December 2022 stood at GHS436.6
billion (71.2% of GDP), showing an increase of GHS84.5 billion over the End-December 2021
stock of GHS352.1 billion (76.2% of GDP). The growth in the public debt stock was due to
increases in both the domestic and external components of total public debt. The domestic
component was GHS194.4 billion (31.9% of GDP), representing an annual increase of 6.9 percent.
This accounted for 44.6 percent of the total public debt, less than the 51.6 percent recorded in
December 2021.26 On annual basis, total external debt increased by approximately US$600 million
to US$28.9 billion.

However, due to exchange rate effect, total external debt increased by GHS70.2 billion to
GHS240.2 billion (39.4% of GDP) at the end of December 2022. External debt constituted 65.4
percent of total public debt at the end of December 2022 compared to 48.4 percent in December
2021. Analysis of the fiscal sector gives an indication of the overall fiscal performance and
sustainability being weak in 2022.

c. Promote International Trade and Investment

Assessing the promotion of international trade and investment involved the analysis of indicators
such as the trade balance, current account, capital and financial accounts, and international
reserves.

26
Monetary Policy Report, BOG Research Department – March 2023

Page 41 of 245
Trade balance: The trade account recorded a surplus of US$2.75 billion in 2022 on account of
increased export earnings relative to imports, compared with a surplus of US$1.10 billion in 2021.
Exports earnings rose by 18.2 percent on a year-on-year basis to US$17.41 billion driven by crude
oil, gold, and other exports, including non-traditional exports. Crude oil export receipts increased
by 37.5 percent to US$5.43 billion mainly due to higher prices. Gold export receipts increased by
30.0 percent to US$6.6 billion driven by higher volumes of gold production largely from small
scale gold mining companies. Cocoa exports, both beans and products, however, declined by 22.0
percent to US$2.21 billion, mainly due to lower production volumes.

The total import bill increased by 7.5 percent to US$14.65 billion due to higher payments for oil
and gas imports. Imports of oil and gas, mainly refined petroleum imports, almost doubled to
US$4.7 billion driven largely by higher prices, compared to US$2.7 billion in 2021, an increase of
71.3 percent. However, non-oil imports declined by 8.4 percent to US$10.0 billion. Further
breakdown of non-oil imports showed a drop-in capital goods import by 19.0 percent to US$2.1
billion, while consumption goods imports also decreased by 7.1 percent to US$1.9 billion. In
contrast, intermediate goods increased by 2.3 percent to US$5.1 billion. Other goods imports,
mainly passenger vehicles, fell by 30.3 percent to US$904.1 million (seeTable 2.1.1.10).

Current Account: The improved trade surplus, along with higher remittance flows, helped
improve the current account deficit to US$1.69 billion (2.3% of GDP), compared to US$2.5 billion
(3.2% of GDP) in 2021. This is in spite of higher payments in the services and income accounts.

Capital and Financial Accounts: The capital and financial account recorded a deficit of US$2.14
billion in 2022, compared to the surplus of US$3.30 billion in 2021. These deficits emanated from
sharp portfolio reversals due to the challenging domestic environment and reduced FDI inflows.
The combined effect of current account deficit and the capital and financial account outflows
resulted in a balance of payments deficit of US$3.64 billion at the end of 2022, compared to a
surplus of US$510.13 million at the end of 2021.27

International reserves: Gross International Reserves amounted to US$6.2 billion in 2022,

representing an equivalent of 2.7 months of import cover. This represents 35.7 percent decrease
from US$9.7 billion equivalent to 4.3 months of import cover in 2021. The performance falls
greatly below the target of at least 3.5 months import cover (see Table 2.1.1.10).

27
2022 National Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix-Economic Dimension, Ministry of Trade and Industry

Page 42 of 245
Table 2.1.1.10: International Trade, 2021 & 2022
2021 2022
Indicator
Actual (US$ b) Actual (US$ b) percent Change
Merchandise Exports f.o.b 14.73 17.41 18.2
Gold 5.08 6.61 30
Non-Traditional
2.29 2.43 6.1
Export
Merchandise Imports f.o.b. 13.63 14.65 7.5
Non-Oil 10.91 9.99 (8.4)
Oil and Gas 2.72 4.66 71.3
Merchandise Trade Balance
1.10 2.75 150.6
f.o.b
Current Account (2.5) (1.69) 32.4
Capital & Financial Account 3.30 2.18 (33.9)
Official International reserves
9.70 6.24 (35.7)
(US$'b)
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Monetary Policy Committee Report, BOG Research Department – January 2023

2.1.3.2 Industrial Transformation

The objectives under this focus area are to ensure energy availability and reliability, enhance
production and supply of quality raw materials, improve research and development (R&D)
innovation, and sustainable financing for industrial development, improve skills development for
industry, and pursue strategic national industrial development initiatives.

a. Enhance Production and Supply of Quality Raw Materials

A total of 14 maize germplasms and two foundation seeds for drought-tolerant maize varieties
were developed for climate-smart agriculture and supplied to seed growers to produce certified
seeds for farmers under the Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ) initiative. This includes the
production and supply of 4,269,569 oil palm germinated seed nuts, 47,174 oil palm seedlings,
24,061 coconut seedlings, 199,100 cuttings of sweet potatoes, and 6,780 hybrid coconut seeds, for
the Planting for Export and Rural Development (PERD) programme. An additional 4.0 tonnes of
seed rice and 0.02 tonnes of seed pepper were also supplied to farmers. Furthermore, 35,220 brood
stocks and 834,370 fingerlings of Nile Tilapia were distributed to farmers. 28

Total revenues of NTEs: The ratio of total value of manufacturing products to total value of
merchandise exports, expressed in percentages were 16.52 in 2022. The ratio remains relatively
the same compared to 16.46% actualised in 2020.

b. Improve Research and Development (R&D) Innovation

In 2022, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), conserved 952 plant accessions
and distributed 872. Additionally, five varieties of yam (SARI-Nyamenti, SARI-Pona, SARI-Tila,
SARI-Fuseinibila, and SARI-Olondo) and several thousands of tubers of foundation seed yam
were sold to farmers.

28 The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government for the 2023 financial year

Page 43 of 245
 c. Sustainable Financing for Industrial Development
The Ministry of Trade and Industry launched a total of 37 Business Resource Centres (BRCs)
across the country fully staffed and operational as at December 2022. The Ghana Enterprise
Agency (GEA) disbursed a total of GHS 520.5 million to 302,084 beneficiaries under Coronavirus
Alleviation Programme Business Support Scheme (CAPBuss) as at August 2022.29

d. Improve Skills Development for Industry

A total of seven Bona-fide assemblers were registered under the Ghana Automotive Development
Programme in 2022, exceeding the target of five set for the year. This shows an improvement from
the three assemblers registered in 2021. However, the Government was unable to support any
garments and textile, and pharmaceuticals companies in 2022, despite supporting 111 garments
and textile companies and 11 pharmaceuticals companies in 2021.30 The inability to provide
support could be attributed to the fact that Ghana was selected as a possible manufacturing hub for
COVID-19 vaccines in Africa and as such, plans were intensified in order to realise the initiative
which has a potential to boost the pharmaceutical industry in Ghana. 31

e. Pursue Strategic National Industrial Development Initiatives

The total number of One District One Factory (1D1F) companies at various stages of completion
increased to 296 in 2022 compared to 183 in 2019. About 43 percent standing at 125 factories
were operational in 2022 as against the 2022 target of 174 expected to be operational. As at
December 2022, a total of 160,82332 jobs were created, slightly more than the targeted jobs of
160,515 jobs.33 Despite progress made in the implementation of the 1D1F project, there were no
tax exemptions granted to these industries in 2021 and 2022. As at 2022, there were 37 exemption
requests in parliament and 72 were being processed by the Ministry of Finance (MoF). This is
alarming since total of GHS 597 million import duty exemptions on capital goods and raw
materials were approved by the parliament for 1D1F companies in 2019 and 2020.

Industrial Parks and Economic Zones: In 2021, a total number of 35 new industrial clusters or
manufacturing enclaves were developed, which falls below the target of 50 set for the year. The
total number of companies operating in the Free Zones Enclaves increased to 261 in 2022 from
226, and more than the target of 250 set for the year. The increase in the number of companies
operating in the Free Zones Enclave has partly led to the increase in jobs created by these
companies to 31,746 from 29,437.

29
The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government for the 2023 financial year
30
2022 National Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix-Economic Dimension, Ministry of Trade and Industry
31
The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government for the 2022 financial year
32
The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government for the 2023 financial year
33
Ministry of Trade Indicator Matrix

Page 44 of 245
However, the estimated value of export earnings of FZEs fell to USD 1.30 billion in 2022 from
USD1.54 billion earned in the base year, 2020. Total export earnings from the FZEs also fell below
the target of USD1.62 billion set for the year 2022.

2.1.2.3 Private Sector Development

The objectives under this focus area are to enhance business-enabling environment, improve
business financing, support entrepreneurs and Medium, Small and Micro Enterprises (MSMEs)
development, enhance domestic trade; formalise the informal economy, ensure consumer
protection, and promote good corporate governance.

a. Improve Business Financing, Support Entrepreneurs and Medium, Small and Micro
Enterprises (MSMEs) Development
In 2022, the Government through the DBG, Ghana Incentive based Risk-sharing System for
Agricultural Lending (GIRSAL) and the Ghana Commodity Exchange (GCX) engaged the private
sector to develop a plan that will serve as the basis for intervention to formalise and transform the
private sector. A total of GHS500 million special credit programme – the DBG Emergency
Economic Programme (DEEP) was approved by the DBG to support businesses in the agribusiness
value chain over the next five years. Key priority sectors include poultry, rice and cereals,
pharmaceutical manufacturing, tourism, and textiles and garments. In addition, the DBG on-
boarded four Participating Financial Institutions (PFIs) who in turn disbursed a loan amount of
GHS 245.322 million to SMEs, saving over 1,000 jobs.34

b. Enhance Business-Enabling Environment

The National Africa Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Office under the Ministry of Trade
and Industry worked with over 200 Ghanaian companies to facilitate their entry into the African
market. These include about 70 1D1F companies whose products were undergoing the registration
process for the AfCFTA certificate of origin. In October 2022, the Guided Trade Initiative (GTI)
was launched in Accra to kick-start commercially meaningful trading under AfCFTA. Under pillar
3 of the ECOWAS Vision 2050 which seeks to consolidate the free movement of people and goods,
and accelerate market integration. This would feed into a single continental market for goods and
services to facilitate free movement of business, people and investments in the 55 African
economies. ECOWAS has taken concrete steps to ensure that the region benefits optimally from
the gains of the AfCFTA.

Ghana and seven other state parties ― Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Mauritius, Rwanda, Tanzania
and Tunisia ― were selected to undertake the pilot trading. KEDA Ceramics Company Limited,
a ceramic company in Ghana exported ceramic tiles to Kenya under the Initiative. The Ghana
Export Promotion Authority also provided 205,814 hybrid coconut seedlings to exporters, out-
growers, and farmers in Central and Ashanti regions35. A series of engagements were held with

34
The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government for the 2023 financial year
35
2022 GEPA Annual Report

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exporters and potential exporters on various products including cosmetics and detergents,
processed foods, feed and grain products, packaging, branding, and barcoding. In addition, under
the National Export Development Programme, over 700 exporters participated in training
programmes implemented in Takoradi, Kumasi, and Accra by the GEPA Export School.36 Again,
135 companies completed enterprise audit/assessment under the AfCFTA Market Expansion
Project (MEP) by MoTI in 2022. The Ministry has also assisted 21 companies to be verified by
the AfCFTA Secretariat and commenced verification process for certificates for 60 more
companies. 37

Market Access to Ghana Exports: The Government assisted 135 companies against the target
of 100 companies to access new markets including the AfCFTA, EU, UK and the USA, despite
not being able to support any company in 2019.

c. Ensure Consumer Protection and Promote Good Corporate Governance

In a bid to improve the quality of products in the county, 156 new standards were developed in
2022 compared to 193 in 2021. This fell below the target of 206 new standard targeted to be
developed for the year. Again, 1,174 products manufactured locally were certified, falling
marginally below the target of 1,200 certified locally manufactured products. A total of 120,471
high risk imported goods were inspected in 2022 for stated conformity in 2022 compared to the
127,942 goods inspected in 2021.

According to MoTI, a total of 90 pattern approvals of new weighing and measuring instruments
were done in 2022 signifying an increase of about 84 percent from 49 approved in 2021.

2.1.2.4 Agriculture and Rural Development

The objectives under this focus area are to create an enabling agribusiness environment, improve
public-private investments in the agriculture sector, modernise and enhance agricultural
productions systems, improve post-harvest management, promote agriculture as a viable business
among the youth, and promote livestock and poultry development.

a. Create an Enabling Agribusiness Environment

Between November 2021 and January 2022, harsh weather conditions, Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus
Disease in the Western North and South regions of Ghana as well as the combined effect of illegal
mining, timber logging and loss of cocoa trees continued to affect cocoa production. In 2021/2022
cocoa season, cocoa production dipped by 34.7 percent.38 Ghana produced a total of 683,286MT

36
2022 Annual Non-Traditional Export Statistics Report, Ghana Export Promotion Authority
37 The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government for the 2023 financial year
38
The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government for the 2023 financial year

Page 46 of 245
of cocoa in 2022 out of which 514,492 MT were exported. The total value of cocoa exports was
US$1,267,077,766.56 in 2022.39

b. Modernise and Enhance Agricultural Production Systems

Government in collaboration with various stakeholders continue to implement policies and
programmes to support farmers to improve production in the agricultural sector. Prominent among
government policies in the agricultural sector was fertilizer and improved seed subsidies.
Production of major staple crops experienced an aggregated increase of 3.8 percent in 2022 from
2021. The increase was partly attributed to favourable rainfall patterns and government support
through the PFJ programme, which provided subsidized fertilizers to 1.5 million farmers. Cereal
production recorded decreases to 5,249,218 MT in 2022 from 5,309,115 MT in 2021. Root, Tubers
and plantain production witnessed a consistent upward trend, growing to 44,319,380 MT in 2022
from 42,639,355 MT in 2021, indicating a growth rate of 3.94 percent. Also, Leguminous crop
production demonstrated a substantial increase of 25.61 percent to 1,234,347 MT in 2022 from
982,718MT in 2021. Cowpea experienced the highest percentage growth of 30.06 percent among
the staple crops from 2021 to 2022. Despite the general increase, production of some staple crops
including maize, millet, plantain and cocoyam declined in 2022 from 2021 as shown in Table
2.1.1.11.

Table 2.1.1.11 Production of Major Crops (RGEFORMAT

Base Year % Change
Crop 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022*
(2016) (2021/2022
Cereals 2,798,212 3,174,283 3,573,585 4,354,933 4,587,240 5,309,115 5,249,218 -1.13
Maize 1,721,911 2,011,179 2,306,384 2,852,024 3,031,691 3,584,501 3,400,665 -5.13
Rice 687,679 722,080 769,401 925,265 986,905 1,072,682 1,227,193 14.40
Millet 159,017 163,484 181,564 230,416 223,223 264,897 194,754 -26.48
Sorghum 229,605 277,540 316,236 347,228 345,421 387,035 426,606 10.22

Root, Tubers
30,582,723 32,531,749 34,853,386 38,534,210 39,342,738 42,639,355 44,319,380
& plantain
3.94
Cassava 17,798,218 19,008,725 20,845,960 22,750,385 22,964,205 24,713,165 25,881,117 4.73
Yam 7,440,354 7,856,899 7,858,209 8,754,354 8,800,822 9,482,716 10,874,692 14.68
Cocoyam 1,343,727 1,387,291 1,460,938 1,550,720 2,163,724 2,194,866 1,598,103 -27.19
Plantain 4,000,424 4,278,834 4,688,279 5,478,751 5,413,987 6,248,608 5,965,468 -4.53
Leguminous 775,419 815,732 934,741 1,010,023 887,774 982,718 1,234,347
25.61
Groundnuts 425,825 433,772 521,032 563,291 422,262 478,590 611,450 27.76
Cowpea 206,377 211,470 237,037 253,696 263,269 282,699 367,687 30.06
Soyabean 143,217 170,490 176,672 193,036 202,243 221,429 255,210 15.26
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from MoFA, SRID, 2022 * Provisional

39
2022 Annual Progress Report, Ministry of Food and Agriculture

Page 47 of 245
Average Productivity of Selected Crops: MoFA implemented the first phase of PFJ from 2017
to 2022. There were five modules of the PFJ campaign: Food Crops, Livestock, Tree Crops,
Horticulture, and Mechanization. The key objectives of the first phase of PFJ were to:
a) ensure food security;
b) increase productivity and production;
c) promote import substitution;
d) promote exports;
e) promote value addition and agro-processing; and
f) create jobs and wealth, especially for the youth.
Key milestones attained during the implementation of the first phase of PFJ include food self-
sufficiency in major food staples such as maize, sorghum and plantain (Table 2.1.1.12), reduction
in the importation of rice and increase in non-traditional agriculture exports. The PFJ encountered
some limitations during its implementation including limited access to agricultural credit; limited
adoption and application of the value chain methods; limited focus on large scale commercial
farmers; budgetary strain on government; poor quality of seed supplied; and low prioritisation of
national food storage capacity.40

Table 2.1.1.12 : Production and self-sufficiency of selected crops in 2022

Commodity Self-Sufficiency (%)

Maize 114
Rice (Paddy) 49
Soyabean 101
Sorghum 106
Plantain 116
Yam 21
Cassava 24
Tomato 37
Pepper 49
Onion 36
Poultry 5
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Ministry of Food and Agriculture
In 2022, some major staples such as maize, rice, millet, sorghum, cocoyam and plantain decreased
in yield. The decrease in yield of some major crops may have been caused by the continuous rise
in the cost of agricultural inputs such as fertilizer, seeds and labour and the scaling down of farm
sizes by some farmers. Cocoyam and millet recorded significant decreases of 25.9 percent and
25.5 percent respectively (see Table 2.1.1.13).

40
Presentation of Minister for Food and Agriculture on Phase 2 of Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ) to Commissioners at the 5th regular meeting
of the Commission held at the main Conference Room of NDPC.

Page 48 of 245
Table 2.1.1.13 Yield of Major Crops (MT/Ha), 2021 & 2022
Base
% Change
Crops year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022***
(2021/2022
(2016)
Maize 1.99 2.04 2.26 2.48 2.56 2.74 2.6 -5.11
Rice 2.92 3 2.96 3.28 3.17 3.29 3.17 -3.65
Millet 1.16 1.05 1.28 1.56 1.8 2.08 1.55 -25.48
Sorghum 1.14 1.24 1.39 1.53 1.87 1.98 1.88 -5.05
Cassava 20.25 20.73 21.33 22.28 22.66 23.23 23.73 2.15
Yam 17.42 16.71 16.42 17.52 16.59 17.24 18.61 7.95
Cocoyam 6.53 6.79 7.19 7.24 10 10.01 7.42 -25.87
Plantain 11.17 11.77 12.11 13.39 12.73 14.06 13.63 -3.06
G'nuts 1.3 1.37 1.63 1.67 1.61 1.8 2.01 11.67
Cowpea 1.41 1.37 1.51 1.5 1.53 1.55 2 29.03
Soyabean 1.65 1.66 1.72 1.72 1.66 1.71 1.84 7.60
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from MoFA, SRID, 2022 *Provisional data

Fertilizers distributed: Under the Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ) programme, a total of
99,138.6 MT of inorganic (NPK and SOA) and 21,161 MT of organic fertilizers were distributed
to farmers across the sixteen regions of the country in 2022 as shown Table 2.1.1.14 in to enhance
crop production. Supply of inorganic fertilizer to farmers in 2022 reduced by 62.8% as compared
to quantity supplied in 2021 which is as a result of high fertilizer prices at the international markets.
On the other hand, supply of organic fertilizer increased by 80.2% in 2022. The increase can be
attributed to the promotion of the use of organic fertilizers.

Table 2.1.1.14 :Quantity of Fertilizer Subsidized.

% Change
Types Fertilizer 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
2021/2022
NPK 74,734.60 167,121.00 245,494.00 285,118.60 234,626.80 68,080.00 -71.0
Inorganic
UREA 28,342.70 75,745.00 79,672.00 130,152.00 29,620.60 0 -100.0
(MT)
SoA 17,922.70 0 0 0 1,987.50 31,058.60 1462.7
Total (MT) 121,000.00 242,866.00 325,166.00 415,270.60 266,234.90 99,138.60 -62.8
Compost 0 1,811.90 3,810.00 3,858.44 5,371.00 10,641 98.1
Organic Granular
0 1,998.60 1,414.00 3,572.00 5,367.60 7,360 37.1
(MT) Organic
Liquid 0 362.7 957.8 1,299.00 1,001.28 3,160 215.6
Total (MT) 0 4,173.20 6,181.80 8,729.44 11,739.88 21,161.00 80.2
Grand
121,000.00 247,039.20 331,347.80 424,000.04 277,974.78 120,299.60 -0.57
Total
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from DCS, 2022

Improved Seeds Distributed: Improved seeds are a vital input for increasing crop yield. In 2022,
the Ministry distributed 18,954 MT of improved seeds to farmers. Compared to 2021, the total
quantity of improved seeds distributed to farmers decreased by about 57.2 percent.

Page 49 of 245
However, the disaggregated data showed both decreases and increases in the quantities of some
seed types distributed to farmers. For instance, cowpea (64.7%), groundnuts (50.2%) and
vegetables (120%) recorded increases in seed quantities distributed. Rice (59.2%), soya (46%),
maize (32%) and sorghum (28.8%) recorded reductions. To improve crop productivity, the
Ministry continued to supply seeds to farmers at subsidised rates. Improved seeds as well as
planting materials, given out to farmers at subsidised prices, included OPV maize (4,361 MT),
hybrid maize (5,641 MT), rice (6,100 MT), soybean (2,023 MT), groundnut (310 MT), cowpea
(288 MT), sorghum (204 MT) and vegetables (27 MT) as shown in

Table 2.1.1.15

Table 2.1.1.15: Improved Seeds Supplied to Farmers (MT).

% Change
Types Crops 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
2021/2022
Maize 2,370.00 4,029.23 9,031.00 14,391.64 24,962.06 16,870.00 -32.4
Rice 1,698.00 2,399.14 6,544.00 10,570.42 14,935.03 6,100 -59.2

Cereals & Soya Bean 147 338.98 2,729.38 3,806.81 3,745.08 2,023 -46
Legumes Sorghum 169 35.13 - 264 286.38 204 -28.8
Cowpea - - - 248.39 174.83 288 64.7
Groundnut - 10 - 195.05 206.38 310 50.2
Vegetables Vegetables 4 9.35 29 23.69 12.27 27 120
Total 4,400.00 6,821.83 18,333.00 29,500.00 44,322.03 18,954 -57.2
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from DCS, 2022.

Local Meat Production: The most commonly produced meats in Ghana are beef, mutton, chevon,
pork and donkey. In 2022, a total of 303,346 animals were slaughtered, resulting in 40,405.979
tonnes of meat produced domestically. The total value of the meat produced was
GHS2,012,324.06, with beef constituting the largest share. Beef and chevon remain the dominant
meats produced in the country, recording production volumes of 35,016.75 tonnes and 1,117.844
tonnes respectively. Beef production is largely sourced from small-scale farmers, with the majority
of production coming from semi-intensive and extensive production systems. The production of
chevon is mainly done by small-scale farmers who rear goats using semi-intensive systems (see
Table 2.1.1.16).
Table 2.1.1.16: Meat Production by type, 2021 & 2022

Average carcass Total number of Quantity of meat Total Value

Type of Meat
weight(kg) animals slaughtered produced (tonnes) (GHS)

Beef 250 140,067 35,016.75 1,750,837.50

Mutton 22.5 43,214 648.21 42,781.86

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 Average carcass Total number of Quantity of meat Total Value
Type of Meat
weight(kg) animals slaughtered produced (tonnes) (GHS)

Chevon 15 85,988 1,117.844 73,777.70

Pork 100 31,204 3,120.4 124,816.00

Donkey 175 2,873 502.775 20,111.00

Total Value - 303,346 40,405.979 2,012,324.06

Source: NDPC Construct-Data from 2022 Annual Progress Report, Ministry of Food and Agriculture

Volume and Value of Meat Imports: Ghana's meat imports have been increasing in recent years
due to increasing domestic demand which is mirrored by the inability of local production to meet
local demand. In 2022, Ghana's meat import bill was estimated at US$332 million. This figure is
a significant increase from the US$69 million reported in 2021. This could be attributed to the
rising demand for meat products in the country due to population growth and increased incomes.

Table 2.1.1.17: Meat Import by Type, 2021 & 2022

Type of imports 2021 2022
Volume of Value of import Volume of Value of import
import (MT) (US$) import (MT) (US$)
Chicken 254,900.43 101,233,700.00 1,270,438.48 270,001,793.84
Beef 18,031.23 6,566,600.00 66,785.19 15,727,480.64
Turkey 322.38 3,800.00 415.09 5,979.30
Mutton 1,584.73 476,000.00 5,090.00 1,322,712.52
Pork 1,646.02 488,300.00 8,031.41 1,885,558.05
Dairy products 332,238.07 62,713,100.00 505,499.26 43,464,733.38
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from MoTI, 2022

c. Promote Crops, Livestock and Poultry Development for Food Security and Income
Generation
In 2022, the crop subsector growth reduced to 3.8 percent from 8.9 percent in 2021. The Cocoa
subsector growth also fell to 0.9 percent in 2022 from 10.4 percent in 2021 as show in Table
2.1.1.18. According to the Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring System published in January
2023 by World Food Programme (WFP) in collaboration with MoFA, difficulties in the crop sector
may be due to the increase in costs of agricultural inputs including agrochemicals, fertiliser, labour
and seeds. In 2022, the food inflation in Ghana was recorded at 59.7 percent, the highest since
2001. This may be attributed to the increase in the cost of input and the effect of exogenous shocks.
The continued increase in the prices of commodities could be attributed to the devaluation of the
Ghana Cedi, increase in fuel prices driving up transportation cost, high influx of aggregators
(‘middlemen’ and ‘middle-women’) from the neighbouring countries (Burkina Faso and Togo)

Page 51 of 245
especially in the north, and the deplorable nature of the roads connecting rural areas to urban areas
and also farm gates to markets.

Table 2.1.1.18 Agriculture Subsector Growth Rates (percent), 2021 & 2022
Subsectors 2021 2022
Crops 8.9 3.8
o.w. Cocoa 10.4 0.9
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Ghana Statistical Service, National Account

2.1.2.5 Fisheries and Aquaculture Development

The objectives under this focus area are to ensure sustainable development and management of
aquaculture, and ensure sustainable development and management of fisheries resources.

a. Ensure Sustainable Development and Management of Aquaculture

The goal of the Fisheries sector is to transform and grow aquaculture to increase domestic fish
production, reduce fish imports, create job opportunities along the value chain, and reduce
overdependence on the marine sub-sector. In view of this, 25 beneficiary institutions and groups
were supported under the Aquaculture for Food and Jobs (AFJ) Programme. The groups
encompass six senior high schools, one training college, four prison camps, 13 youth groups, and
one fish farmers’ association. The support services include building 124 holding facilities (108
ponds and 16 cages), supplying 17,460 bags of fish feed, and stocking ponds and cages with
fingerlings. Under the same programme, 294 beneficiaries were trained in fish farming practices,
while 408 fish farmers were also trained in the formulation and preparation of local fish feed. In
addition, two fish processing centres were constructed for off-takers and fish processors in
Takoradi and New Ankasa to reduce post-harvest losses. Total aquaculture production was 96,642
MT valued at GHS 2.26 billion, which exceeded the end-of-year target of 92,135 MT.41

b. Ensure Sustainable Development and Management of Fisheries Resources.

Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development (MoFAD) initiated several projects and
programmes to help improve the fisheries infrastructure required for the modernization and
transformation of the sector, promote the development of aquaculture and enhance fisheries
resource and post-harvest management.

Outboard motors / Premix fuel: The Ministry implemented the Premix Fuel Automation Project
at 300 landing beaches across the country. It carried out a survey to ascertain the suitability of all
300 landing beaches. The Premix Fuel Automation Project which commenced in July 2022 was
expected to install a total of 300 automated outlets at landing beaches across the country at a cost
of US$59.7million. The project was being financed from revenue accrued from the upward
adjustment of GHS0.70 per litre in the ex-pump price of premix fuel approved by Cabinet in 2022.
The automation of dispensing outlets was to enhance safety, accountability, and transparency in

41
2022 Annual Progress Report, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development

Page 52 of 245
premix administration. Specifically, it would help to address issues of premix fuel hoarding,
diversion and improve fishers access to the fuel.

An average of 75 percent works had been completed on the 50 outlets earmarked to be completed
in 2022. Three automated premix fuel outlets were constructed at Elmina for the pilot project in
2022.

Closed season: The Ministry continued with the implementation of a one-month closed season for
the artisanal and inshore fleets and a two-month closed season for industrial trawlers and tuna
fleets to address overexploitation and manage fish resources. Relief supplies and assistance with
fishing input were given to the fishermen in the four coastal regions during the closed season.
Twenty thousand bags of rice, 8,333 cartons of cooking oil, 1,150 outboard motors, 6,000 pieces
of wire mesh, 1,710 refrigerators, and 20,000 basins were among the items distributed. One
hundred and sixty observers, 40 members of the Fisheries Enforcement Unit, 4 police prosecutors,
and 83 business owners received training in observer responsibilities, maritime safety, and the
ministerial directive on trawl gear as part of the Ghana Fisheries Recovery Activity (GFRA)
Project.

Again, 452 industrial fishing vessels underwent quayside inspections. Additionally, 50 fisheries
officers received training to comprehend gender mainstreaming, child labour and human
trafficking in the fishing industry.42

Aquatic Animal Health and Post-Harvest Management Programme: In 2022, 562 fisheries
officers and stakeholders from 21 fisher-based organisations were trained on best practices in post-
harvest management and small-scale fisheries voluntary guidelines. Under Aquaculture for Food
and Jobs, 294 beneficiaries were trained in the hygienic handling and processing of fish and
marketing strategies. In addition, six officers were trained in Tilapia Lake Virus Management
through a surveillance programme on 26 farms along the Volta Lake. These were measures taken
to ensure proper hygiene and the safe consumption of fish. In 2022, a total amount of 628.3
thousand metric tonnes of fish were landed in Ghana. This indicates an increase of 4.6 percent
from 2021. The total value of fish landed in 2022 increased to GHS14.2 billion from GHS11.5
billion in 2021. Marine fish landing made up the largest portion from total fish landing (see Table
2.1.1.19).
Table 2.1.1.19: Estimates of Fish Landings (of all Fleets), 2021 & 2022
Production 2021 2022

Production (mt) Value GH₵ Production (mt) Value GH₵

Marine 393,970.01 7,471,879,913.34 378,196.51 7,863,480,924.68

42
2022 Annual Progress Report, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development

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 Inland 145,272.04 2,330,616,995.00 146,623.41 3,225,715,020.00

Aquaculture 89,038.60 1,741,842,400.00 132,652.39 3,105,995,530.00

TOTAL 628,280.65 11,544,339,308.34 657,472.31 14,195,191,474.68

Source: NDPC Construct-Data from 2022 Annual Progress Report, Ministry of Food and Agriculture

2.1.2.6 Tourism and Creative Arts Development

The objectives under this focus area are to diversify and expand the tourism industry for economic
development and develop a competitive creative industry.

a. Diversify and Expand the Tourism Industry for Economic Development

In June 2022, the President of the Republic of Ghana launched a $10 million grant scheme to
improve products and services, and make Ghana the preferred tourism destination by stimulating
growth within the tourism sector. The Ghana Tourism Development Project (GTDP) under the
Ministry of Tourism Arts and Culture employed the grants in the areas of COVID-19 Relief Grant
(CRG) and Small to Medium-scale Enterprises Grant (SMEG). This was to assist businesses
severely hit by the pandemic. In addition, the Site Upgrade Grant (SUG) was introduced to
improve tourism sites to attract more visitors for increased revenue generation.

Number of Tourist Arrivals: International tourist arrivals was 645,047 in 2022 compared to
623,523 in 2021. The number of domestic tourists however decreased to 534,711 in 2022 from
588,946 in 2021.43 The Ministry, in collaboration with the Ghana Museums and Monuments Board
(GMMB), renovated the National Gallery and the Exhibition Hall. The modernisation of the
Gallery seeks to improve tourist traffic and tourism receipts. The Ministry produced the first draft
of the tourism policy in consultation with stakeholders. The culture policy was reviewed to take
on new exigencies and developments over time.

In the area of accommodation establishment, 4,185 accommodation establishments (Hotels, Guest

Houses, Lodges and Inns) were inspected and licensed in 2022.44

b. Develop a Competitive Creative Industry

Tourism-related employment increased to 276,985 in 2022 from 252,714 in 2021. In 2022, Ghana
was ranked 101st out of 117 countries compared to the rank of 115th in 2021 on the Global Travel
and Tourism Competitiveness45

43
2022 Annual Performance Report, Ministry of Tourism
44
2022 Annual Performance Report, Ministry of Tourism

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Tourist sites developed: The rehabilitation and modernisation of Kwame Nkrumah Memorial
Park (KNMP) was near completion in 2022. KNMP as the foremost heritage site and a home for
the mortal remains of Ghana’s first President, Dr Kwame Nkrumah and his wife Fathia. The face-
lift of the park includes the Museum, a modernised Administration Building, Presidential Library,
a well-lit-up musical fountain, VVIP Lounge, a Freedom wall, and an Arboretum. This US$3
million project is part of the Government of Ghana and the World Bank’s US$37 million Ghana
Tourism Development Project and was expected to be completed by March 2023.

Other projects included the construction of Bonwire Kente Museum, the First Phase of Aburi
Botanical Garden and rehabilitation of Yaa Asantewaa Museum at Ejisu Tourist Information
Centre. Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations

The key challenges of the dimension are summarised in Table 2.1.1.20. These include rapid
exchange rate depreciation, high inflation, unsustainable debt burden, fiscal stress, and external
sector shocks. The table also highlights proffered recommendations for Ghana’s Post COVID-19
programme for Economic Growth (PC-PEG), which is GoG’s blueprint to address the economic
crisis and underpins the IMF ECF programme aimed to: restore macroeconomic stability; return
fiscal operations and public debt to sustainable levels; support structural reforms; and promote
strong and inclusive growth while protecting the poor and vulnerable.

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 2.1.4 Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations for the Economic Dimension
Table 2.1.1.20: Key Challenges and Recommendations for Economic Development
No Challenges Recommendations
1. Contradictions in reporting key NDPC should collaborate with MoF, GSS, BoG, Academia,
macroeconomic variables i.e., Research Institutions, Think Tanks and other stakeholders to fast-
GDP growth, unsustainable track the implementation of the PC-PEG to:
public debt; fiscal and monetary  strengthen key growth-oriented programmes
policies; low export-oriented  improve the business environment
entrepreneurship skills; and  promote entrepreneurship
social safety nets  transition to a digital economy to boost productivity, tax
collection and formality.
 strengthen policies to adapt and mitigate climate change for
inclusive growth.
2. Limited focus on large scale NDPC should collaborate with MoFA, MoFAD, Traditional
commercial farmers Authorities, RCCs, MMDAs, the Northern, Middle and Coastal
Development Authorities to:
 build synergies for implementation of PFJ 2.0
3. Limited implementation focus NDPC, GSS, MoF and Academia & Research Institutions should
of Ghana CARES Obaatanpa collaborate with DPs to:
Programme  evaluate Ghana CARES Obaatanpa Programme to assess
resource expenditure and efficient utilisation.
4. High public-debt-to-GDP ratio. NDPC, MoF, BoG, GRA, and other relevant institution should collaborate to:
 enhance governance and transparency in public financial management to
minimize corruption and misappropriation of funds.
 strengthen institutional frameworks, promote accountability,
and ensure transparency in debt-related transactions
 strengthen efforts to increase domestic revenue through
effective tax administration, broadening the tax base, and
reducing tax evasion.
 enhance revenue collection systems, improve tax compliance
 explore innovative revenue sources to boost government
income.
 conduct regular reviews and evaluations of government
programs and projects to improve efficiency and effectiveness
of public expenditures by Government agencies.
 encourage private sector participation through well-structured
PPPs.
5. High Inflation MoF, NDPC, MoFA, NCCE, MoTI and BoG should collaborate
to:
 ensure a balance between the monetary and fiscal measures to
control inflation
 maintain a stable exchange rate
 boost local production and reduce import-dependency
 control fiscal indiscipline amongst the public sector.
 communicate Government’s strategic policies clearly to
general populace
 promote attitudinal change

Page 56 of 245
6. Cedi depreciation NDPC, BoG, MoTI, MOFA and MoF should collaborate with
NCCE and other relevant agencies to:
 enforce provisions in the exchange control act to curb foreign
exchange indexation of the economy
 communicate clearly the implication of the Ghana-IMF deal.
 identify and build emerging industries in the economy for
export to help boost Ghana’s foreign exchange.
 develop a capital account control strategy to reduce
speculation, among others.
 promote the demand for made in Ghana goods
7. Inadequate support to MoTI and relevant MDAs should collaborate with financial
MSMEs institutions to;
 design schemes to provide grants, cash advances and loans to
be granted to business
 provide tax incentives, cuts, rebates, defferals may also be
used.
 source local private companies for government contract work
 improve infrastructure to spur economic growth
 advertise the products of local private businesses in other
countries through the embassies.
 reduce cost of operations for MSMEs

8. Slow pace of growth in the cash NDPC and MoFA should collaborate with CSIR, GIPC, GEPA,
crops sector MOTI and MoF to:
 invest in research and development activities focused on cash
crops to find innovative solutions to crop diseases and pests
 develop and improve infrastructure such as irrigation systems,
roads, storage facilities, and processing units
 provide training and education programs for farmers to
improve their agricultural practices, productivity, and overall
knowledge of cash crop cultivation.
 improve financial programs and institutions that provide
affordable credit and loans to farmers.
 strengthen market linkages that connect farmers directly with
buyers, both domestically and internationally.
 promote climate-smart agriculture practices to encourage the
adoption of sustainable and resilient farming techniques.
 promote large scale farming
9. Contraction in the Cocoa Sector MOFA should collaborate with COCOBOD, CSIR, GIPC, MOTI
and GEPA to
 invest in production, value addition and marketing
 intensify R&D in the cocoa sector to improve disease
resistance and yield.
 reclaim lands from illegal miners for cocoa farming
 curb activities of illegal mining
10. Reduced Gross International BoG, MoF, MoTI, MOTAC, MoFA, GIPC and GEPA should
Reserves collaborate with relevant institution to:

Page 57 of 245
  reform policies to create an investor-friendly business
environment
 promote tourism (domestic and international)
 promote consumption of import-substitution products.
 promote Non-Traditional Exports (Palm oil, poultry, cashews,
rice, maize, shea and cocoa derivatives)
11. Vulnerability of Ghana’s NDPC, MoF, MoEn, MELR, MoTI, MoFA, GIPC and GEPA
economy to external shocks. need to collaborate to:
 build a diversified economy.
 improve self-sufficiency
 invest in improving the competitiveness of Ghanaian exports.
 prioritise sustained public finances through prudent monetary
and fiscal policies.
 develop a robust human capital development strategy.
 strengthen regional economic integration.
 take advantage of AfCFTA to boost Ghana’s export drive
12. Destruction of agricultural lands MoFA should collaborate with the MLNR and GPS to:
and food crops by illegal mining  deploy relevant technology
activities  minimize activities of Galamsey in the country
13. Limited access to credit for MoFA should collaborate with GEA and other relevant agencies
farmers to aid famers form effective FBOs to:
 build the credit management capacity of farmers
 improve farmers’ access to credit.
14. Unrealistic adjustment of the ex- MoFAD should collaborate with relevant stakeholders to:
pump price of premix fuel  review the formula for pricing premix fuel
 improve supply of premix fuel to fisherfolk

Page 58 of 245
 2.2. Social Development
2.2.1 Introduction
This dimension measures the progress of key development indicators of the social dimension of
Ghana’s MTNDPF, 2022-2025. This section tracks the progress of implementation for 14 focus
areas of the dimension in 2022.

Amongst the focus areas were; education and training; health and health services; food systems
transformation and nutrition security; population management and migration for development; and
reducing poverty and inequality. Others included water and environmental sanitation; child
protection and development; support for the aged; gender equality; sports and recreation; youth
development; social protection; disability-inclusive development; and employment and decent
work.

2.2.2 Key Performance Indices

i. The total number of students enrolled in tertiary institutions increased to 497, 837 in 2022
from 454,846 in 2021.
ii. A total of 114 headteachers and school-based counsellors were trained on “safe school”
practices.
iii. The National Teaching Council (NTC) issued licenses to 123,311 in-service teachers
iv. Institutional maternal mortality ratio improved to 102.6 deaths per 100,000live births in 2022
from 119.5 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2021
v. The percentage of population with access to basic drinking water services increased to 87.7
percent in 2021 from 78 percent in 2017.46
vi. Cocoa Farmers Pension Scheme launched and farmers registered on pilot basis47
2.2.3 Progress of Implementation
This section reviews the progress of implementation in the areas of education and training; health
and health services; food systems transformation and nutrition security; population management
and migration for development; and reducing poverty and inequality. Others include water and
environmental sanitation; child protection and development; support for the aged; gender equality;
sports and recreation; youth development; social protection; disability-inclusive development; and
employment and decent work.

2.2.3.1 Education and Training

Education expenditure as a percentage of GDP: Government’s budgetary allocation for the
education sector was 3.9 percent of GDP in 2022 compared to 3.8 percent in 2021.48

46
2023 Programme Based Budgeting, Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources. Census Data
47
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government
48
2022 UNICEF Education Budget Brief

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Enrolment in Tertiary Institutions
Tertiary education refers to all formal post-secondary education including public and private
universities, colleges, technical training institutes and vocational schools. The total number of
students enrolled in tertiary institutions increased by 42,991 to 497, 837 in 2022 from 454,846 in
2021. Female enrolment out of total enrolment also increased to 53 percent in 2022 from 49 percent
in 2021.49

Female enrolment as a percentage of total enrolment in the various tertiary institutions improved.
In universities, the percentage increased to 46 percent in 2022 from 44 percent in 2021. This can
be attributed to the sector’s introduction of the pre-engineering programme to help admit non-
science students to pursue engineering at the tertiary level as well as the establishment of a national
education institute to run tailor-made courses in school leadership and management for practicing
and potential teachers to improve learning outcomes.

Figure 2.2.1: Number of Student Enrolled in Tertiary Institutions, 2021 & 2022
400,000
366,065
350,000 332,786

300,000

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000
63728 70101
53320 54386
50,000
5012 5263
0
Universities Colleges of Education Technical University Specialised Teaching
Institutions

2021 2022

Source: Ministry of Education Programme Based Budget, 2022

As part of the interventions to expand access to tertiary education, the first phase of infrastructural
facilities at the University of Environment and Sustainable Development (UESD), Somanya in the
Eastern Region was inaugurated to pave the way for admission of the first batch of students.50

49
2022 Programme Based Budgeting, Ministry of Education
50
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government

Page 60 of 245
Enrolment in Basic and Second Cycle Schools.
Generally, number of students enrolled in levels of education up to the secondary cycle reduced in
2021/2022 academic year from 2020/2021. Total Enrolment from these levels reduced by 1.9
million pupils with Primary level having the highest reduction see Table 2.2.1.

Table 2.2.1: Comparison Between 2020/2021 & 2021/2022 (N0. Of Schools and Enrolment)
NUMBER OF SCHOOLS
LEVEL PUBLIC PRIVATE TOTAL LEVEL PUBLIC PRIVATE TOTAL DIFFERENCE
2020/2021 2021/2022
KG 15,226 12,104 27,330 KG 14,583 9,775 24,358 (2,972)
PRIMARY 15,622 11,685 27,307 PRIMARY 15,417 9,736 25,153 (2,154)
JHS 11,696 7,304 19,000 JHS 11,783 6,294 18,077 (923)
SHS 679 254 933 SHS 702 196 898 (35)
TVET TVET 140 43 183 183
-6,084

ENROLMENT
LEVEL PUBLIC PRIVATE TOTAL LEVEL PUBLIC PRIVATE TOTAL DIFFERENCE
2020/2021 2021/2022
KG 1,192,828 627,615 1,820,443 KG 1,032,913 387,530 1,419,443 (401,000)
PRIMARY 3,269,223 1,460,291 4,729,514 PRIMARY 2,881,103 937,426 3,818,529 (910,985)
JHS 1,417,086 402,127 1,819,213 JHS 1,268,462 254,396 1,522,858 (296,355)
SHS** 1,236,127 88,457 1,324,584 SHS 942,481 34,083 976,564 (348,020)
TVET TVET 68,077 2,740 70,817
(1,956,360)
**GES TVET (71,126)
Source: Education Management Information System (EMIS)

Net Enrolment Ratio (NER)

Net enrolment ratio generally improved at the KG, primary and Junior High School (JHS) level.
The net enrolment at the KG level improved to 95 percent in 2022 from 70 percent in 2021
representing 25 percentage point increase. The JHS level had the lowest NER as shown in Error!
Reference source not found.

Table 2.2.2: Net Enrolment Ratio

Page 61 of 245
 100.0 95.0 92.7
78.9
80.0 70.0
Percentage

56.0
60.0 44.9
40.0

20.0

0.0
KG Primary JHS

2021 2022

Source: 2022 Programme Based Budgeting, Ministry of Education

Completion rate: Completion rate at the primary level in 2022 was 100 percent compared to 108.6
percent in 2021. At the JHS level, the completion rate stood at 93 percent in 2022 compared to
83.1 percent in 2021.

Number of trained teachers licensed: The National Teaching Council (NTC) issued licenses to
123,311 in-service teachers in 2022, bringing the total number of licenses issued to 297,671. The
issuing of licenses was to accelerate teachers' professional and career advancement within the
proper competency framework in the pre-tertiary sector. In addition, 79 Continuous Professional
Development (CPD) service providers were accredited and a total of 90,078 teachers underwent
the approved CPD programme as part of efforts to improve their pedagogical skills. A total of 114
headteachers and school-based counsellors were also trained on “safe school” practices.51

2.2.2.2 Health and Health Services

The health sector for the medium term (2022-2025) seeks to ensure accessible, and quality
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) for all; improve mental health administration and service
delivery; and strengthen the healthcare delivery management system. The sector also seeks to
reduce disability, morbidity, and mortality; non-communicable diseases, and the incidence of new
STIs, HIV and AIDS and other infections, especially among vulnerable groups. To assess the
progress made in attaining the targets of this policy objective, an analysis is provided on key
indicators such as proportion of functional CHPS zones, EMTs trained, population with valid
NHIS card and number of OPD visits per capita.

Proportion of functional Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) Zones:

Implementation of the Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) strategy has fast
tracked progress towards attainment of Universal Health Coverage (UHC), particularly at the
community level. Government in 2022 completed the construction of CHPS compounds at Debiso,

51
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government

Page 62 of 245
Nsutam, Tiawia 52. The proportion of functional CHPS zones decreased to 74.8 percent in 2022
from 79.7 percent in 2021.
National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS): The NHIS is a publicly funded healthcare systems
established by the Government to provide equitable access and financial coverage for basic health
care services to residents in Ghana. The NHIS subscription increased to 17,161,199 in 2022 from
16,759,158 in 2021. Ashanti Region continues to be the highest in 2022. Its membership increased
to 2,954,980 from 2,941,228 memberships in 2021.
Percentage of the population with valid NHIS membership
Active membership under the NHIS as at December, 2022 was 17.2 million representing 54.5
percent of Ghana’s Figure 2.2.2: Percentage of population with Valid NHIS Card
population, a marginal 60 52.7 53.9 54.5
increase from the 53.9 50
40.57
percent in 2021. Increase in 35.6 35.77
40
Percentage

the number of valid NHIS

members, could be attributed 30

to the mobile renewal system 20

that has simplified the 10
renewal system. The mobile
0
renewal system continues to 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
improve the re-enrolment Years
fortunes of the National
Health Insurance Scheme since the nationwide rollout,53 with cumulative mobile renewals of 23.9
million from January 2019 to August 2022.54 In addition, the National Health Insurance Authority
(NHIA) improved its claims management processes with emphasis on e-claims and paperless
systems at all four Claims Processing Centres.

Number of Out-Patient Department (OPD) visits per capita: The utilisation of the out-patient
department per capita, witnessed a 10 percent reduction to 1.06 in 2022 from 1.13 in 2021. Malaria
remains the number one cause of health facility visit in the country. The total number of malaria
cases recorded declined to 5.5 million in 2022 from 6.2 million in 2021. The East Mamprusi
District in the North East Region (73,782) recorded the highest number of OPD malaria cases,
followed by Jaman North (63,776) and Jaman South (55,672) both in the Bono Region. Eight in
every 10 districts i.e., 211 of 261 districts had more than 10,000 OPD malaria cases in 2022.55

Mental Health Administration: The Government has prioritised ensuring public hospitals have
functional mental units with mental health staff and a stock of basic psychotropic medications.

52
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government
53
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government
54
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government
55
2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) microscopy results, Ghana Statistical Service

Page 63 of 245
This resulted in all public hospitals in the country having a functional mental health unit. In 2022,
100 percent of public, regional and district hospitals had functional mental health units.

Healthcare Delivery Management System

Strengthening the healthcare delivery management system is critical to improving health services
and impacting positively on health outcomes in the country. Government current Health
Expenditure as a percentage of total expenditure increased to 7.4 percent against a 2022 target of
15 percent from 6.6 percent in 202156. The number of Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs)
trained and deployed in 2022 were 813 against a 1,019 target.

Doctor to population ratio: Ghana’s Doctor to population ratio declined slightly to 1:5,880 in
2022 from 1: 5,705 in 2021., This fell short of WHO recommended threshold of 1: 1,000.

Nurse-to-population ratio 57: Ghana’s nurse to population ratio improved slightly to 1:502 in
2022 from 1: 530 in 2021. This indicates that Ghana meets the WHO recommended threshold of
1:1,000

Proportion of births attended by Skilled Health Personnel, Stillbirth Rate, Penta 3

Immunization and Non-Communicable Disease: Births attended by skilled health personnel in
2022 was 62.6 percent, a decrease from 63.5 percent in 2021 yet above the 2022 target of 60
percent. Stillbirth rate decreased to 11 children declared dead at birth or after 28 weeks of gestation
per 1000 live births in 2022 from 13 children declared dead at birth or after 28 weeks of gestation
per 1000 live births in 2021.
The proportion of children immunised with Penta 3 against the five life-threatening diseases
(Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B and Hib meningitis) decreased to 96.7 percent in 2022
from 99.4 percent in 2021.
Maternal Mortality Ratio, Institutional Maternal Mortality Ratio and Under Five Mortality Ratio.
Infant mortality ratio: In 2022, infant mortality ratio was 7.4 deaths per 1,000 live births
occurring in the first year of life. This was better than the 2021 outcome of 7.8 deaths per 1,000
live births.
Under-five mortality ratio
The under-five mortality ratio in Ghana declined to 9.8 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022 from
10.7 deaths occurring in children under-5 years per 1,000 live births in 2021. This far exceeded
the target of 55 deaths per 1,000 live births
Institutional maternal mortality ratio
The institutional maternal mortality ratio improved to 102.6 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2022,
from the 2021 levels of 119.5 deaths per 100,000 live births.58

56
These figures are only for Ministry of Health expenditure
57
2021 Holistic Assessment Report, Ministry of Health has nurse to population ratio as 1:530 in 2021. 2022 data yet to be reported
58
Retrieved on 11th May, 2023 Ghana News Agency Report 31st March, 2023 on Maternal Healthcare in the Upper East Region

Page 64 of 245
Institutional Malaria Prevalence Rate and Malaria Case Fatality
Malaria Prevalence: Malaria prevalence in children aged 6 to 59 months was 8.6 percent in 2022.
The malaria prevalence in rural areas (12.8 percent) was about three times that of urban (4.3
percent). The lowest prevalence was recorded in Greater Accra (2.0 percent) followed by Western
North (4.4 percent) and Volta (6.4 percent) regions. The regions with the highest prevalence of
malaria according to microscopy results are Oti (15.0 percent), Upper West (13.4 percent), and the
Upper East (12.2 percent) regions. In all, half of the 16 regions recorded malaria prevalence above
10 percent. Additionally, the number of new cases of malaria per 1,000 people reduced to 176 in
2022 from 200 in 2021.

Malaria prevalence in Children: The prevalence of malaria in children was 8.6 percent in 2022.
Under-5 malaria case fatality rate declined to 0.05 percent in 2022 from 0.09 percent in 2021. This
was a 44.4 percent improvement over 2021 and a 50 percent improvement of 0.10 target for 2022.

Malaria prevalence in Pregnant Women: The malaria prevalence rate among pregnant women
was 2.4 percent in 2022. Malaria prevalence among pregnant women recorded in the Oti Region
(7.0 percent) was the highest followed by the Savannah Region (5.4 percent). These were the two
regions that recorded malaria prevalence rate that was more than double the national average. The
lowest prevalence in pregnant women was recorded in the Greater Accra Region (0.2 percent). 59

HIV, AIDS and STIs: In 2022, the national HIV prevalence (15-49) rate was 1.66 percent, an
increase in the outcome for 2021 (1.65 percent). Percentage of Persons Living with HIV (PLHIV)
who received Anti- Retroviral Treatment (ART) in 2022 was 68 percent, lower than the 72 percent
who received ARTs in 2021, and lower than the set target of 95 percent set for the year. It was
estimated that for every 100,000 people, there were 0.9 adults and children who died due to AIDS-
related causes in 2022.

2.2.2.3 Food Systems Transformation and Nutrition Security

Food and nutrition security is a critical aspect of human development and well-being. It
encompasses access to a sufficient quantity and quality of food, as well as proper nutrition to
support healthy cognitive and physiological growth and development. In 2022, the Food and
Nutrition Security (FNS) CSPG convened seven times. During these meetings, Ghana’s
Sustainable Financing Framework for Nutrition and the Food Systems Strategy and Investment
Plan was developed and validated, including the initiation of the Food and Nutrient Gap
Analysis.With support from the USAID Advancing Nutrition Project, development plans of 17
MMDAs in the Northern, North-East, Upper East, and Upper West regions were audited in 2022.
Whereas the 2021 SUN Joint Assessment was completed and submitted to the SUN Global
Network in March 2022.

59
2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) microscopy results, Ghana Statistical Service

Page 65 of 245
Ghana’s country profile has been completed and is accessible via the Global SUN website. Ghana
in 2022, represented Central and Eastern Africa in the SUN EXCOM meetings and provided
support to Mali on Food Systems Strengthening.

In addition, NDPC collaborated with the University of Ghana, Food and Drugs Authority, Ministry
of Health and the Coalition of Actors for Public Health Advocacy to build evidence and mobilize
multi-stakeholder action towards healthier and more equitable consumer food environments that
reduce the double burden of malnutrition in Ghana.60

Food availability and accessibility: To ensure the availability and access to food, the aim is to
minimise and reduce food inflation. Food and non-alcoholic beverages recorded a year-on-year
inflation rate of 59.7 percent in December 2022, a sharp increase from 12.8 percent in December
2021. This was largely a result of the macroeconomic conditions that were caused by the economic
shocks of Covid-19, the Russian-Ukraine war, global logistics bottlenecks, and the food price
crisis.

Healthy and sustainable food environment and choices: In an effort to promote healthy diets
and food choices, Ghana recorded a household dietary diversity of 80.5 percent in 2020, indicating
a relatively high level of food variety within households. This is an encouraging sign as diverse
diets are crucial for ensuring adequate nutrient intake and overall well-being. However, minimum
dietary diversity (receiving foods from 4 or more food groups during the previous day) was only
41 percent among children aged 6–23 months, as compared to 59.8 percent minimum dietary
diversity for women in 2020 indicating that children are more deprived in this area, and
highlighting inequalities in access to diverse foods within households.

Nutrition-specific and sensitive programmes and interventions: Stunting is a sign of chronic

malnutrition and can have long-term implications on a child's physical and cognitive development.
The prevalence of stunting among children under the age of five in 2022 was 17.5 percent, the
same prevalence rate recorded in MICS 2017, but a slight improvement from the 18.8 percent
recorded in DHS 2014. Efforts should be focused on reducing stunting rates through interventions
that address the underlying causes, including access to nutritious food, healthcare, and sanitation.
The wasting rate (children under the age of five who are too thin for their height) in 2022 was 6
percent, an improvement from the 6.8 percent recorded in the 2017 MICS, but still worse off than
the 4.7 percent, indicating that more children are acutely malnourished than eight years ago. This
highlights the need for immediate interventions to prevent further deterioration of the nutritional
status of children and ensure their well-being.

60
2022 Director General’s Annual Report to Commissioners at the 4 th Regular Meeting of 2023

Page 66 of 245
The Underweight (a measure of weight-for-age) prevalence among children under the age of five
was 12.3 percent in 2022, down from 12.6 percent in 2017 (MICS), but up from 11 percent in
2014. Underweight children are more susceptible to infections and have a higher risk of mortality.
Addressing the underlying causes of underweight, such as insufficient food intake and poor
feeding practices, is crucial for improving child nutrition.

In 2022, two percent of children under the age of five were overweight, down from 3 percent in
2014, indicating a relatively low prevalence. However, among women aged 15-49, the overweight
rate was 19.3 percent, while among men in the same age group, it was 5.6 percent. These figures
indicate a worrying trend in overweight among adults, which can lead to various non-
communicable diseases. Comprehensive interventions promoting healthy eating habits, physical
activity, and public awareness are necessary to address this growing problem. Anaemia remains a
significant concern in Ghana. In 2022, 49 percent of children under the age of five and 41 percent
of women of reproductive age (15-49) were affected by anaemia. Pregnant women had an even
higher prevalence of anaemia, with 51 percent experiencing this condition. Anaemia can lead to
impaired cognitive development, increased morbidity, and maternal and child mortality.

Comprehensive strategies targeting the prevention and treatment of anaemia, including iron and
folic acid supplementation, should be implemented to address this public health issue. The rate of
exclusive breastfeeding in 2022 was 53 percent. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months
of life is crucial for optimal infant health and development. Efforts should be made to promote and
support exclusive breastfeeding practices, including providing education and creating an enabling
environment for mothers.

Food Inflation, Dietary Diversity, Breastfeeding and Micronutrient Deficiencies

Food and non-alcoholic beverages recorded a year-on-year inflation rate of 59.7 percent in
December 2022, a sharp increase from 12.8 percent in December 2021.61

2.2.2.4 Water and Environmental Sanitation

Percentage of population with access to drinking water services: Access to safe and reliable
water supply services for both rural and urban population improved in 2022. The percentage of
population with access to basic drinking water services increased to 87.7 percent in 2021.
However, there is a disparity between urban and rural communities. About 96.4 percent of the
urban populace have access to basic water supply services whiles 74.4 percent of the rural populace
have access to basic water supply services. About 8 percent of Ghanaian households continue to
rely on unsafe sources. Despite the apparently high access to safe water in urban areas, access to
safely managed drinking water services decreased to 45.7 percent in 2022. 62

61
January 2023, Statistical Bulletin on Consumer Price Index (CPI), Ghana Statistical Service
62
2023 Programme Based Budgeting, Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources

Page 67 of 245
Proportion of population with access to basic sanitation services: In 2022, the proportion of
population with access to basic sanitation services was 38.96 percent. In terms of the
disaggregation, the rural community access rate was 33.92 percent and urban was 42.72 percent in
2022. The 2022 sector minister’s meeting overview report stated that the proportion of
communities achieving Open Defecation Free (ODF) status was 17.7 percent in 2021. 63

Efficient and sustainable waste management: The proportion of solid waste properly disposed
of in sanitary landfill sites in the five major cities namely: Accra, Tema, Kumasi, Takoradi, and
Tamale stood at 89 percent in 2022. The proportion of population whose liquid waste (faecal
matter) was safely managed remained unchanged at 13.3 percent in 2022.64

Family Welfare
The age dependency ratio was 66, implying that there were 66 persons in the dependent age bracket
(children 0-14 years and the elderly 65+ years) for every 100 persons in the working age bracket
(15-64 years). At the national level, 4.3 percent are 65 years and above. The proportions were
higher in six regions than the national average: Volta (6.8%), Upper East (6.3%), Eastern (5.7%),
Upper West (5.3%), Central (4.6%) and Bono (4.5%).

In 2022, the percentage of extremely poor and vulnerable benefiting from leap remained relatively
unchanged at 63.3 percent compared to 63.2 percent in 2021. None of the leap beneficiaries exited
the cash transfer components into a productive intervention.

Child Welfare: The total number of child care cases handled in 2022 increased to 502 in 2022
from 224 in 2021. On the contrary, number of child maintenance cases handled in 2022 decreased
to 794 from 941 in 2021. The MoGSP engaged 130 religious and traditional leaders were engaged
on child protection issues to ensure that the rights and welfare of children are protected at both
National and local level. The Ministry also lunched the Ghanaians Against Child Abuse (GACA)
campaign for the protection of children in 2022. The campaign aimed to reduce violence, abuse,
neglect and exploitation of children. The Ministry in 2022 through its social media platform have
reached over 17 million people with messages on child protection issues and early child hood
development. In order to improve care of Children with Disabilities, 900 community and opinion
leaders, traditional authorities, professionals, Civil, Faith-Based and Non-Profit Organisations,
parents and children were engaged in the caring for children with visual impairment. 65

2.2.2.5 Population Management and Migration for Development

Contraceptive prevalence and Fertility rate: The country’s total fertility rate for 2022 was 3.7
and was 3.1 per woman in 2021. Contraceptive prevalence rate increased slightly by 1.3 percent
in 2022 from its previous percentage of 32.2 in 2021.

63
2022 Sector Ministers’ Meeting Country Overview Report, UNICEF
64
2022 Sector Ministers’ Meeting Country Overview Report, UNICEF
65
2023 Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection Programme Based Budget

Page 68 of 245
Unmet need for family planning
The unmet need for family planning was 32 in 2022. The proportion of adolescents’ population
who use health corners for reproductive health services and promotion saw a 0.6 percent marginal
increase to 58 percent in 2022 from 57.4 percent in 2021.

Births and Deaths Figure 2.2.3: Total births and deaths

In 2022, 428,202 births and
Births Deaths

601,111
33,788 deaths were recorded

428,202
in Ghana as show in Figure

361,268
2.2.3. The Regional
Directorate in Volta Region

51,026

34,670

33,788
recorded a total of 29,436
births in the year 2022, with
2020 2021 2022
14,695 being males and
Births 601,111 361,268 428,202
14,741 females. Whereas the
Deaths 51,026 34,670 33,788
region recorded a total of
3,964 deaths of which 2,075 were males and 1,889 were females.

Migration and volume of remittances

Preparations are ongoing to establish a Ghana National Commission on Migration (GNCM) to
serve as the coordinating mechanism for migration related issues in the country. The Commission
is a recommendation of the National Migration Policy (NMP) of Ghana launched in 2016 to help
manage the country's internal and external migration flows for poverty reduction and sustained
national development. The GNCM would therefore serve as the institutional body mandated to
coordinate all migration-related interventions in the country, promote policy coherence at national
and local level, humane and orderly migration, and create the right conditions for migrants to
contribute to development. In 2022, the volume of remittances was US$4.7 billion which was 4.4
percent more than the 2021 figure of USD 2.6 billion.66

2.2.2.6 Child Development and Protection

Child labour67: The 2021 Population and Housing Census (PHC) report shed light on the
economic activities of children in the country. According to the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), a
staggering 419,254 children between the ages of 5 and 17 are involved in various economic
activities across the country. It was revealed that out of the total number of child labourers, 76,439
fall within the age group of 5 to 9, 153,189 are aged between 10 and 14, while an alarming 189,626

66
i. World Bank Migration and Development Brief 37
ii.https://nbc.edu.gh/2022/12/0/ghana-record-4.7bn-in-2022-maintains-2nd-position-in-africa/
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children are between 15 and 17 years old. Children aged 5 to 17 dedicated an average of 29.2 hours
to economic activities in the seven days preceding the Census Night.

Specifically, children aged 15 to 17 worked an average of 35.2 hours, while those aged 10 to 14
spent approximately 26.5 hours, equivalent to around 5 hours per weekday. The youngest group,
children aged 5 to 9, worked an average of 19.8 hours, which translates to approximately 4 hours
per weekday. Of great concern was the revelation that children engaged as paid apprentices worked
the highest number of hours on average, clocking in at 48.4 hours, almost twice as much as those
engaged as contributing family workers, who worked the lowest average hours at 25.0.

On average, children in the service sector worked 36.8 hours, while those in the agricultural sector
worked an average of 25.6 hours. Out of 153,773 children aged 5 to 17 engaged in economic
activities without ever having attended school. Among them, 37,963 were between the ages of 5
and 9. However, it was also revealed that during the census, 94,748 children aged 5 to 17 who
participated in economic activities were also attending school.

It was striking that 81.3 percent of children aged 5 to 9 engaged in economic activities resided in
six regions, namely Northern, Oti, North East, Upper West, Savannah, and Upper East.
that Nkwanta North, Krachi Nchumuru, and Nanumba North Municipal had the highest number of
children between the ages of 5 and 14 involved in economic activities. These three districts
accounted for 21,726 children, representing 10.8 percent of all children within that age group who
were engaged in economic activities. Astonishingly, the population of child labourers in these
districts exceeded the combined figures of the Bono, Ahafo, Western North, Western, and Central
regions.

Out of the 261 districts, 30 had more than ten percent of children aged 5 to 14 engaged in economic
activities, signifying a widespread issue across the nation. The district with the highest percentage
was Krachi Nchumuru, where a shocking one in every three children (34.8%) was involved in
economic activity. This figure was approximately 10 times higher than the national average of 3.2
percent. Nkwanta North, with 27.8 percent, and Yunyoo Nasuan, with 25.3 percent, were the two
other districts where over a quarter of the children were engaged in economic activities. Child
labour is extremely prevalent worldwide and, especially in Ghana, where 21% of children ages 5–
17 is involved in child labour. Children in Ghana are subjected to the worst forms of child labour
including fishing and cocoa production and harvesting. Resource constraints severely limited the
government’s ability to adequately enforce labour laws and implement social programmes during
the reporting period. Additionally, lack of reliable access to quality education, external cultural
influences, and poor regulation of child labour laws are major contributors to child labour in
Ghana. Children involved in child labour experience physical harm, a decreased quality of
education, and poverty at higher rates than children who are not in child labour. Community Child
Protection Committees have a positive result in decreasing child labour in Ghana. MoGCSP

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drafted a national plan of action 2022-2026 and developed communications strategy to guide
outreach efforts on human trafficking issues.

Child abuse cases, capacity building and foster care: The incidence of reported child abuse
cases marginally reduced to 3,100 in 2022 from 3,191 in 2021.Two technical assistance training
workshops were organised for stakeholders in the implementation of regulations for the promotion
of the rights and welfare of children. 156 foster parents were trained and issued with certificates.
72 children were placed under foster care in addition 11 residential homes for children in 10
regions were monitored of which 46 children were registered for adoption. , 184 children were
reunited with their families and 256 children were profiled and placed in alternative family-based
care homes.

Juvenile justice, psycho-social counselling, ISSOP, SWIMS, ECCD and Daycare Centres
Juvenile justice and psycho-social counselling: As part of improving access to justice, 79
juveniles were provided with character reformation, vocational and life skills training for life
improvement. 426 children who came in contact with the law received psycho-social counselling
together with their parents.

ISSOP: Efforts towards improving the policy and legal environment and strengthening institutions
and systems for child and family welfare included the training of 60 MMDAs in the use of ISSOPs
in delivering child protection services. The number of MMDAs mainstreaming child protection
issues into their work plans/budgets and implementing Integrated Social Services increased to 160
in 2022 from 100 in 2021.

SWIMS: Coverage of the Social Welfare Information Management System (SWIMS) expanded
to 100 MMDAs, exceeding the target of 65.

ECCD: The review and update of Ghana’s Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD)
Policy including a monitoring, evaluation, research and learning framework and costed
implementation was completed for submission to Cabinet. The Early Childhood Development
Communication Package and “I WILL” Campaign was launched and 130 ECCD partners from
nine MMDAs were trained on the package.

Daycare centres: Other programmes carried out to enhance knowledge of stakeholders on child
protection issues included the production of a data gallery on children, dissemination of the 6th and
7th report on the Convention on the Rights of the Child in all 16 regions, registration of 884 new
day care centres, and renewal of certification of 1,485 existing centres. The centres were inspected
to monitor compliance with standards on the provision of quality care and safe environments for
children.

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Coverage of informal sector Pension Schemes
Out of 7.9 million informal sector workforce, 538,255 (6.2%) enrolled onto the third-Tier of the
Pension Scheme in 2022 compared to 415,950 in 2021.

Ghana Cocoa Board (COCOBOD) launched the Cocoa Farmers Pension Scheme and commenced
pilot registration in August 2022. The full roll-out with nationwide enrolment of cocoa farmers
onto the Cocoa Farmer Pension Scheme begun in October together with the commencement of the
2022/2023 cocoa season. The Board of Trustees and implementers of the scheme rolled out from
district to district in cocoa-producing communities to enrol cocoa farmers onto the scheme. SSNIT
prosecuted 69 recalcitrant employers who defaulted in honouring their obligation to their
employees.

2.2.2.7 Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment

Gender Equality: In 2022, the National Gender Policy was revised and updated to capture
emerging gender issues and respond to emergencies. The Affirmative Action (Gender Equality)
Bill was resubmitted to Cabinet for consideration and approval. The percentage of women holding
public positions remained below set targets. While the percentage of female Ministers, MPs,
MMDCEs and Chief Directors remained the same in 2022, whereas the percentage of female
Deputy Ministers dropped to 23.1 percent in 2022 from 25.6 percent in 2021. However, the
percentage of female Supreme court judges increased to 33.3 in 2022 from 31.3 percent in 2021
and female High Court Judges increased to 38.1 percent in 2022 from 37.3 percent in 2021.

Women Empowerment: As part of the mentorship programme for girls’ empowerment, 4,350
out of 10,000 targeted girls and boys were mentored. During the year, key activities that were
carried out included the review of and sensitization of key staff at district and regional levels on
Ghana’s National Action Plan on UN Security Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security
(GHANAP 2). A Framework for engaging traditional authorities and faith-based leaders in
addressing gender inequality issues, including harmful practices in Ghana was developed.
In addition, a total of 4,679 people, including traditional, religious and youth leaders in various
communities in all 16 regions were sensitized on sexual and gender-based violence, adolescent
sexual and reproductive health and rights, gender equality and ending harmful cultural practices
such as child marriage.68

MASLOC
As at September 2022, the Microfinance and Small Loans Centre (MASLOC) had distributed 221
vehicles, 642 tricycles, 550 sewing machines, and 627 hair driers to beneficiaries. In addition, the
Centre disbursed a total of GHS 2.32 million to 1,247 micro credit beneficiaries and GHS 248,000
to 13 small loans beneficiaries and recovered GHS 11.36 million. The Centre monitored 15,520
micro credits, 95 small loans and 55 special project clients during the period.69

68
5-Year Strategic Plan to address Adolescent Pregnancy in Ghana 2018-2022
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2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government

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 2.2.2.8 Social Protection
Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) Programme
In 2022, in order to achieve the objective of smoothening the daily consumption and nutritional
level of extremely poor households, government through the MoGCSP paid five cycles of LEAP
cash grants to 346,023 households of which 54.8 percent were females. A total of 260 District
Social Welfare Officers, 32 Regional Directors and Community Care Programme Heads from all
16 regions were trained on the LEAP operations manual.70

2.2.2.9 Disability-Inclusive Development

In 2022, the Persons with Disability (PWD) Bill 2022 was drafted. The National Council on
Persons with Disabilities (NCPD) captured 12,667 on its disaggregated database. 43,208 Persons
with Disabilities were beneficiaries of the Common Fund allocation to Persons with Disabilities.
A survey conducted by NCPD revealed that 40 of the 261 MMDAs were complying with the
guideline for management and disbursement of the Common Fund for Persons with Disabilities.
The number of MDAs/MMDAs trained to mainstreamed disability issues in the annual plans and
budge increased to 8 in 2022 from 5 in 2021.

The number of PWDs appointed by Government or elected at various decentralised levels

increased to 3 in 2022 from 2 in 2021. This performance falls below the target of 15 set for 2022.
A total of 264 PWDs, comprising 122 males and 142 females were trained in various employable
skills in academic qualification to be employed in the extractive sector across the country.71
MoGCSP reviewed the guidelines on the management and disbursement of the District Assembly
Common Fund (DACF for PWDs). The Ministry collaborated with the Drive and Vehicle
Licensing Authority (DVLA) to develop the policy for training and testing Drives with Disability.

2.2.2.10 Poverty and Inequality

Multidimensional poverty and inequality 72
According to GSS, more than half of the household population in 50 out of the 261 districts in
Ghana (19.2%) are living in multidimensional poverty. Among these districts, the Nkwanta North
District in the Oti Region stands out with the highest poverty rate in the country, at a staggering
79.7%. This rate is more than twice the national average of 29.9%. Joining Nkwanta North are
North East Gonja in Savannah (77.7%) and Sekyere Afram Plains in Ashanti (75.3%) as the only
districts where over three-quarters of the households are living in poverty. Of the top 10 districts
with the highest poverty rates, three are located in the Northern Region, while the North East and
Oti regions each have two districts included in the list. Notably, the Nanumba North municipality
(114,226) and Gusheigu municipality (103,852) in the Northern Region are the only districts with
more than 100,000 individuals residing in multidimensional poor households. Multidimensional
poverty is measured by assessing deprivation across various domains, including living conditions

70
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government
71
2022 Annual Progress Report, National Council on Persons with Disabilities
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(such as access to electricity, housing, assets, overcrowding, cooking fuel, water, and toilet
facilities), education (school attendance, attainment, and lag), and health (insurance coverage and
mortality). Regarding the districts with the largest population living in poverty, four are located in
the Northern Region, two in the Oti Region, and one each in Savannah, North East, Western, and
Volta. Conversely, the New Juaben South Municipal in the Eastern Region has the lowest poverty
rate in the country, standing at 4.8%. Additionally, it is one of the 21 districts where the
multidimensional poverty rate is below 10%. It is worth noting that six out of the 10 districts with
the lowest poverty rates are situated in Greater Accra.

2.2.2.11 Employment and Decent Work

In 2022 the Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations led the organization of the maiden
National Labour Conference; a broad stakeholder’s platform, to deepen dialogue with Social
Partners and other key Government Institutions. In response to the decision of the conference, a
Technical Committee was constituted to review the Single Spine Pay Policy and a draft report,
including recommendations, was developed pending validation. In 2022, major industrial actions
were recorded out of which 90 percent were of public interest. In all, 17 industrial actions were
handled by the Commission with 87 percent of the strike disputes resolved and the rest undergoing
the process of resolution. The Commission rendered 53 rulings, decisions, directives and orders
out of which 81 percent were complied with. The rest are being prepared for prosecution and
enforcement.73

2.2.2.12 Youth Development and Youth in Political Life

In 2022, the National Youth Authority (NYA) launched the National Youth Volunteer Programme
(NYVP). This Programme is designed to coordinate volunteer activities in the country and seeks
to implement 13 Modules with an objective of developing active citizens, foster national cohesion
and creating opportunities for skills development among young people.

As a sequel to the launch of the NYVP, the Authority has taken the necessary steps to roll out three
modules: Youth in Development Work, Gender Mainstreaming and Infrastructure Volunteers, in
some selected communities in the country by the end of December, 2022. Hence, in line with the
deployment process, an orientation and training workshop was held for two batches of four
hundred and fifty-eight (458) prospective volunteers drawn across the country. The workshop was
to equip them with the requisite skills and mindset for their assignment in their respective
communities.

The NYA organised a 10-day Online Digital Marketing training for some selected Officers and
Inmates in 2022 to ensure under the Skills Towards Employability and Productivity (STEP)
Programme. The STEP aims to enable young people acquire relevant hard and soft skills for
entrepreneurial and employment opportunities

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2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government

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In 2022, a total of 3,616 young people has been trained in six modules in vocational trade areas
nationwide, under the second phase of the implementation of the STEP Programme. The number
of youths provided with employable skills by the YEA totalled 84,541 as against the target of
146,000 in 2022 compared to 82,869 in 2021.

The proportion of young people in political life, in the year 2021, witnessed 1 Minister of State
and none in 2022. The number of Members of Parliament reduced to 4 in 2022 from 6 in 2021.
The total number of MMDCEs were 3 in 2022 with a total number of 306 Members of District
Assemblies for 10 regions out of 16 regions.

Youth Development Index

The NDPC led the development of a YDI as part of efforts to harness the demographic dividend.
As at end of 2022, NDPC in collaboration with UNFPA had developed a draft Youth Development
Index report which is currently under review.74

2.2.2.13 Sports and Recreation

The year 2022 was significant in the history of Ghana Sports as the country returned to post
COVID-19 sporting business and events. It marked a year of competitive football league fully
completed after three consecutive years of disruption. Key amongst them were the FIFA World
Cup held in Qatar, the African Cup of Nations (AFCON) held in Cameroun, the Black Princesses
participation in the World Cup tournament held in Costa Rica. Other events that poor performances
accounted were the unsuccessful contest of Ghana's athletics team at the Commonwealth games,
ban of the Black maidens, weightlifting, hockey among others.

Performance of National Football Teams: The 2022 FIFA World Cup was the 22nd FIFA World
Cup, the quadrennial world championship for national football teams organized by FIFA. It took
place in Qatar from 20 November to 18 December 2022. The male senior national team, the Black
Stars qualified to the 2022 FIFA World Cup tournament which Ghana was placed in ‘Group H’
together with Portugal, Uruguay and South Korea. The Black Stars of Ghana however failed to
qualify to the next stage of the competition after playing in the group stage. Similarly, the Black
Princesses participated in the 2022 World Cup Tournament held in Costa Rica and exited at the
group stage. The Black Stars had earlier in the year exited the group stages of 2021 AFCON
tournament held in Cameroon. The four-time African champions were eliminated from the
competition after they were defeated by the male senior national team-The Coelacanths (Les
Coelacantes) of Comoros Islands in the final “Group C” game. Ghana lost the opening game to
Morocco, drew equals (1-1) with Gabon and was defeated 3-2 by the Comoros. Thus, Ghana failed
to win even a single game out of 3 matches played during the group stage. The ‘no-win’ syndrome
was the first such unfavorable outcome ever recorded by the Black Stars in the annals of an
AFCON tournament Ghana had participated.

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Earnings from export of Ghanaian footballers: Ghana was ranked the 8th highest football
exporter nation in the world in 2022, according to FIFA’s global transfer report. The nation was
reported to have earned $17.4m from the export of 515 football players in 2022. In Africa, Ghana
was ranked second with Nigeria placing first and fifth globally with 725 players for USD
$104.million.75

Performance at the Commonwealth Games: Team Ghana participated in the Commonwealth

games in Birmingham from July to August 2022. The team won a total of 5 medals comprising 2
silver and 3 bronze. The medals won were in the following disciplines: 2 silver and 1 bronze medal
in boxing; 1 bronze medal in 200 metres sprints; and 1 bronze medal in long jump.

Performance at the 2022 World Athletics Championship: Team Ghana participated in the 2022
World Athletics Championship held in Oregon, USA. Team Ghana could not win any medal in
this competition. Team Ghana quartet placed fifth in the men’s 4x100 relay finals event.

National Beach Volleyball: The National Beach Volleyball Team won 2 bronze medals at the
zone 3 Beach Volleyball competition held in Cotonou, Benin.

National Hockey Team: The female national Hockey team won a silver medal at the African
Hockey Cup of Nations competition held in Accra, Ghana in January, 2022 with a player Sulemana
Hadizatu adjudged the overall best player in the female category.

National Amateur Boxing Championship: The National Amateur Boxing Championship was
successfully organised from February – March,2022. Eighteen boxers were selected for further
training to constitute the National Amateur Boxing Nucleus Team for the 2022 Birmingham
Commonwealth Games.

African Athletics Championship: Ghana’s female high jumper won a gold medal at the African
Athletics Championship in Mauritius held from in June 2022.

National Kickboxing Team: The National Kickboxing Team, The Black Terminators won five
medals comprising two gold, one silver and two bronze at the World Association of Kickboxing
Organization (WAKO) African Zone II Kickboxing and Pro Fight Championship held f Abidjan,
La Cote d'Ivoire in 2022.

CANA Senior Africa Swimming Championship: Ghana won a gold and a silver medal in the
Men’s 100 metres Butterfly and Men’s 50 metres Butterfly at the CANA Senior African
Swimming Championship held in Tunis, Tunisia from 20th to 25th August, 2022

The Ministry of Youth and Sports (MoYS) in 2022, other sports disciplines as part of Ghana’s
vision to promote global and regional integration through sports. MoYS organised 2,700 mass

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sports and facilitated participation in 47 international sporting events in 2022 compared to 12 in
2021. MOYS as part of government's digitalization agenda, successfully piloted e-ticketing for
local sporting events. The e-ticketing service expedite ticket sales and eased ticket purchases and
ensued convenience for football fans by so doing forestalled the long queues at match venues.

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 2.2.4 Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations
The key challenges and recommendations for this dimension includes (See Table 2.2.3)

Table 2.2.3: Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations for the Social Demention
No Challenges Recommendations
1. Inadequate supervision and MoE and GES should:
monitoring of schools  strengthen supervision, management, and accountability
at all levels of the educational system.
improve school management systems and protocols
2. Inadequate funding for education MoF and MoE should ensure:
 adequate allocation of funds to implement the inclusive
education policy
 accountability for utilisation of earmarked education
resources in tandem with regulations in the Public
Financial Management Act, 2016 (Act 926)
 Review the Free SHS policy
3. Limited Teaching and Learning MoE- (Special Education units), MLGRD, GES, NCPD, and GFD
Materials (TLMs) for PWDs should collaborate to:
ensure adequate provision of TLMs
4. Delay in releases of PWDs DACF NDPC, MLGRD, MoF and Parliament should collaborate to
monitor release and enforce compliance

5. Food and Nutrition gap MoH, MoE, GES, MoI, NCCE, MoGCSP and GHS should
collaborate with media houses and relevant institutions to:
 promote healthy diets and lifestyles
 promote nutrition education and sensitisation
improve food quality of school feeding intervention
6. Inadequate sensitization on culturally MoH, GHS, MoE, NCCE, FBOs, CSOs, Media and GES to
appropriate sexual and reproductive collaborate to:
health integrate culturally appropriate reproductive health education in
curricula and media content
7. Poor management of labour MELR, MoH, MoYS, MoE, MINTER and MFARI should
migration collaborate to:
 formalise and manage export of excess labour;
international cooperation through bilateral and multilateral
agreements on labour migration
8. Inadequate investments in young NDPC to collaborate with MoYS and NYA to:
people deploy the Youth Development Index to promote advocacy for
increased investment in youth development
9. Poor coordination of support services MoGCSP should collaborate with law enforcement institutions and
for Sexual and Gender Based other relevant stakeholders to:
Violence (SGBV) increase education and advocacy on SGBV and other harmful
cultural practices
10. Poor development and management MoYS and GFA to ensure:
of sports economy in Ghana
 promulgation of the sports fund
developing a strategic national framework for holistic development
of sports human capital, infrastructure and maintenance

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11. Poor management of sanitation MSWR, MLGRD, NCCE, CSOS, FBOs, Media, CWSA and
MMDAs should collaborate to:
 enhance public education to facilitate attitudinal change
 enforce sanitation laws
 development local businesses in the sanitation industry
build sanitation facilities

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 2.3. Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlements
2.3.1 Introduction
This dimension measures the progress of key development indicators as stated in Ghana’s
MTNDPF, 2022-2025. Progress of implementation for 18 focus areas of this dimension was
reported for the year 2022. The focus areas are: Protected Areas; Deforestation and Afforestation,
Desertification and Soil Erosion; Minerals Extraction; Water Resources Management; Coastal and
Marine Management; Environmental Pollution; Climate Variability and Change; Transportation:
Air, Rail, Water and Road. Others are: Information and Communication Technology
Development; Science, Technology and Innovation; Energy and Petroleum; Construction Industry
Development; Drainage and Flood Control; Land Administration; Human Settlements
Development and Housing; Rural Development Management; Urban Development Management;
and Zongos and Inner Cities Development.

2.3.2 Key Performance Indices

The achievements are:
i. A total of 24.55 million seedlings were verified as planted in 2022 under the Green Ghana
Project;
ii. Under the National Afforestation Programme, 15,356ha of forest plantation was
established;
iii. The large-scale extractive industry created 31,200 jobs in 2022;
iv. The small-scale extractive industry created 100,000 jobs76;
v. Rural sub-projects resulted in the creation of 55,686 jobs for rural communities77;
vi. Research findings adopted by industry in 2022 was 173 compared to 110 for 2021,
representing an increase of 57.3 percent;
vii. Communities trained on disaster prevention and management in 2022 were 6,271;
viii. Disaster victims supported in 2022 were 15, 772;
ix. Turnaround time for title registration reduced from an average of 150 days to 120 days;
x. Under the Ghana Secondary Cities Support Project (GSCSP), 49 infrastructure projects
were completed in 25 Municipal Assemblies;
xi. Several basic social amenities were constructed including water and sanitation facilities,
astro-turfs, classroom blocks, among others in the Zongo communities across the country;
xii. A total of 354 communities were connected to the National Electricity grid in 2022,
bringing the electricity access rate to 88.75 percent;
xiii. Redevelopment plan for Apiatse town covering 205.64 acres of land;
xiv. Lands Commission's operations in the six new regions78 are fully digitalized;

76
2022 National Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix-Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlement, National
Development Planning Commission
77
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year
78
The six regions are Bono East, Oti, Western North, Savannah, North East and Ahafo regions

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 xv. Completed the construction of phase 2 of Kumasi and Tamale airports and rehabilation of
the Sunyani airport phase 1; and
xvi. Completed and Commissioned the Truck Transit parks at Elubo and Paga.

2.3.3 Progress of Implementation

2.3.3.1 Protected areas
Forests: Forest sector’s contribution to national GDP has declined over the years. About 1,671,303
m3 of timber was harvested from the natural forest in 2022, exceeding the Annual Allowable Cut
of less than 1,000,000 m3. The Forestry Commission facilitated the export of a total wood volume
of 343,440m3 that yielded a value of €153.86 million.79 Similarly, 255,346m3 of timber was
harvested from plantation forests although 226 permits covering a total volume of 148,500m3 were
processed and issued.

2.3.3.2 Desertification and Soil Erosion

Desertification: Government’s interventions to combat deforestation and desertification led to a
13 percent increase in the lands restored/rehabilitated in 2022. The total area of lost forest reserves
protected and restored was 20,980.9 Hectares(ha) as compared to 18,494ha restored in 2021. 80
This surpassed the set target of 5000ha for 2022. The percentage of degraded areas within forest
reserves worsened in 2022 to 33.73 percent from 20.75 percent in 2021 (see Figure 2.3.1)

Figure 2.3.1 : Degraded areas within areas under protection, 2019-2022

33.73
30.5

20.75
18

2019 2020 2021 2022

Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Forestry Commission 2023

Deforestation and Afforestation: The rate of deforestation increased from 18.84 percent in 2021
to 21.87 percent in 2022 in spite of several efforts by the Forestry Commission. In June 2022, the
second edition of the Green Ghana Day initiative under the theme “Mobilising for a greener future”
was marked with a tree planting exercise across the country.

In 2022, 26.56 million seedlings were distributed. However, a total of 24.55 million seedlings were
verified as planted with a survival rate of 72.0 percent. Under the National Afforestation

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2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year
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2022 National Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix-Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlement, National
Development Planning Commission

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Programme, 15,356ha of forest plantation was established against a target of 15,000ha. The
Forestry Commission approved of 210 permits for salvaging of trees on lands undergoing
development such as road construction, human settlement expansion, and cultivation of farms.81

Table 2.3.1 :No of Seedlings Planted in 2021 and 2022

Year Target No. of Seedlings distributed No. of Seedlings Planted (verified) Survival Rate (%)
2021 5,000,000 7,193,434 6,603,008 81.0
2022 20,000,000 26,563,607 24,552,956 72.0
Source: Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources, 2022

2.3.3.3 Minerals Extraction

The major minerals mined in Ghana are gold, diamond, manganese and bauxite. However, there
are some unexploited mineral deposits such as iron ore, copper, limestone and quartz. The mineral
revenues received through taxes, royalties, corporate social responsibility and export amounted to
GHS6,817.29 million in 2022, exceeding the previous year by 30 percent. About 83 percent of
the mineral revenue was repatriated through the commercial banks in 2022 as against 81 percent
repatriated in 2021, and 74 percent of the mineral revenue 82 was spent on local goods.83

The Minerals Commission launched and operationalised 65 community mining schemes in eight
mining districts to encourage responsible and sustainable small-scale mining. This was expected
to create about 39,500 direct and indirect jobs to curb the menace of illegal mining in water bodies,
forests and arable lands. As part of the fight against illegal mining on water bodies such as
Ankobra, Birim, Pra, Tano and Black Volta, the Commission acquired five marine vessels,
recruited and trained 87 river wardens who were deployed to patrol these rivers to ensure illegal
miners evicted by the military do not return. Also, the tracking of earth moving and mining
equipment was successfully piloted in Atiwa East and West districts as well as Wassa Amenfi East
Municipality. This led to the establishment of a central control room to monitor and track all earth
moving and mining equipment including excavators in compliance with the Minerals & Mining
(Minerals Operations-Tracking of Earth Moving & Mining Equipment) Regulations 2020 (L.I.
2404).84

Gold: The quantity of gold produced in 2022 was 3,724,104 tonnes valued at US$6,684,897,182.
Ghana overtook South A frica to become Africa’s largest producer of gold. Ghana’s earnings from
gold exports amounted to US$4.80 billion representing an annual growth of 25 percent.85 Member
companies of the mines chamber sold over 77,620 ounces of gold under the Domestic Gold
Purchase Programme, a scheme launched by the Bank of Ghana to boost reserves. 86

81
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year
82
2022 National Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix-Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlement, National
Development Planning Commission
83
Materials and/or equipment mined, grown or produced in a country, whether through manufacturing, processing or assembly
84
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year
85
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year
86
Presentation by the President of the Ghana Chamber of Mines, 95th Annual General Meeting.held on June 9, 2023

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Bauxite: Government’s strategic partnership with Rocksure International led to a completed
prospecting at Nyinahin-Mpasaaso Block B to confirm the quantity and quality of bauxite deposits.
Currently, 78 percent of the bauxite samples has been assayed with a Mineral Resource Estimate
report. The amount of Bauxite produced in 2022 was 1,044,166 tonnes, valued at US$18,616,055.

Manganese: In 2022, Ghana produced 3,074,761 tonnes of Manganese valued at US$187,005,118

exceeding its target of 2,359,546 tonnes by about 30 percent. However, manganese production fell
below the 2021 production level of 3.2 million tonnes. 87

Diamond: Diamond production in the country is gradually progressing within the sector, with
82,252 tonnes of production in 2022. This was worth US$3,891,372 representing 52 percent
increase from 2021.88

Jobs in extractive industry: Although the large-scale extractive industry created 31,200 jobs in
2022, it did not meet its target of 31,253 jobs for the year. However, it increased marginally
compared to 2021. About 100,000 jobs were created in the small-scale extractive industry.89

2.3.3.4 Water Resource Management

The level of water stress threshold is between 1,700m3/person and 1000m3/person. The country’s
level of water stress decreased to 1717m3/person in 2022, from a stress level of 1725m3/person in
2021. Ghana is therefore not considered as water stressed. In 2022, the proportion of water bodies
with good ambient water quality nationwide, slightly increased to 59 percent from 58.3 percent in
2021. The Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources in partnership with the World Bank
commenced the development of the Buffer Zone Regulations to strengthen the regulatory
processes of watersheds in the country. Despite these efforts, Ghana’s water resources continue to
be threatened by the prevalence of illegal small-scale mining, sand winning as well as solid and
liquid waste pollution. The Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) uses most river bodies as a
source of water for the populace and this has been heavily polluted with chemicals due to the
activities of illegal small-scale miners and increased agrochemical use. This resulted in increased
water turbidity leading to high cost of water treatment. For instance, heavy metal pollution was
observed in the southwestern Basins of Tano and Ankobra. However, the worst pollution is in the
Pra River where illegal gold mining is concentrated. The Arsenic levels near river Pra was detected
at nearly 800 times the WHO guideline limit for drinking water.90 This significantly increased the
water treatment costs.

87
Presentation by the President of the Ghana Chamber of Mines, 95th Annual General Meeting.held on June 9, 2023
88
2022 National Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix-Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlement, National
Development Planning Commission
89
2022 National Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix-Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlement, National
Development Planning Commission
90
USAID-Sustainable Water Partnership. Ghana Water Resource Profile Overview

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Figure 2. 3.2: Water Quality Index
59 59.0

58.5
Water Quality Index

58.3
58
57.8
57.5

57

56.5

56
56.0
2019 2020 2021 2022
Years

Source: Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resource, 2022

2.3.3.5 Coastal and Marine Management

Ghana’s total coastline measures about 550km out of which 377km is considered vulnerable to
climate change and its effects such as high incidents of flooding, erosion, and unpredictable rainfall
pattern. Government however continued with the coastal protection works to protect the coastal
settlements against beach erosion and flooding while protecting lives, livelihood and properties
from tidal wave action. Accordingly, the Dansoman, Komenda, Elmina (Phase III), Cape Coast
and Anomabu coastal protection projects are currently 97 percent, 95 percent, 92 percent, 80
percent and 75 percent complete respectively. Other coastal protection works are at various stages
of completion as follows: Dixcove (40%), Aboadze Phase II (45%) and Ningo-Prampram (50%).
These projects led to the protection of 8.79km of the vulnerable coastline. This represented over
100 percent improvement from 4.2km in 2021, although the target of 10km was not achieved.91

Figure 2.3.3: Ghana’s Coastline

8.8
8.1

4.2
3.1
377

2022 2021 2020 2019

Total Vulnerable Coastline Protected Coastiline

Source: NDPC’s Construct- Data from Ministry of Works and Housing 2022

91
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year

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 2.3.3.6 Environmental Pollution

In 2022, the number of industries adhering to Environmental Assessment (EA) or permitting

conditions significantly increased to 12,947 against a 12,000 target from 10,543 in 2021.
Additionally, 16 out of 24 E-waste facilities complied with permitting conditions in line with The
Hazardous and Electronic Waste Control and Management Act, 2016 (Act 917) and L.I. 2250,
whereas two new E-waste collection and dismantling points were set up in 2022.

WHO has fixed 45 decibels(db) as the safe noise level for cities. An important environmental
hazard facing Ghana today is noise pollution. The permissible ambient noise level set by EPA and
Ghana Standards Authority is classified into seven categories:
 Category A Residential areas have a permissible ambient noise level 55db during the day
and 48db at night.
 Category B Health and ecucational facilities, offices and the courts range from 55db to
50db.
 Category C “Tagged as mixed used” have permissible levels of ranging from 60db to 55db
for day and night
 Category D Light industry areas and industrial areas have permissible levels of 65db and
75db for day and night respectively
 Category E Commercial areas have permissible levels of 60db and 65db for day and night
respectively
 Category F Light industrial areas have permissible levels of 70db during the day and
between 60 db and 70db at night
 Categoty G Heavy industrial areas have permissible levels of 70db during the day and
between 60 db and 70db at night
Air quality monitoring was undertaken for five regulatory sites out of the planned eight sites in
Accra, due to the breaking down of some monitoring equipment. The average level of particulate
matter (PM10 and PM2.5) or pollutants effluent quality were above EPA recommended Ghana
Standards levels for air quality of as shown in Table 2.3.2. The Graphic Road annual mean was
168(µg/m3 which falls within 151µg/m3 to 200µg/m3. This represents an unhealthy air quality
index of health concern (see Table 2.3.2 &Table 2.3.3)

Table 2.3.2 Air Quality Monitoring Results

Regulatory Sites 2021 Annual Mean ( µg/m3) 2022 Annual Mean ( µg/m3)
First Light Annual Mean 155.5 162
Shangri La Annual Mean 118.2 143
Graphic Road Annual Mean 162.9 168
Kasoa Annual Mean n/a 119
Amasaman Annual Mean 121.3 106
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation, 2022

Page 85 of 245
Table 2.3.3 Air Quality Index Levels
Air Quality Index Levels Numerical Value
Description
of Health Concern (µg/m3)
Good 0 to 50 Air quality is considered satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no risk
Air quality is acceptable; however, for some pollutants there may be a moderate
health concern for a very small number of people who are unusually sensitive to air
Moderate 51 to 100 pollution.
Unhealthy for Sensitive Members of sensitive groups may experience health effects. The general public is
Groups 101 to 150 not likely to be affected.
Everyone may begin to experience health effects; members of sensitive groups may
Unhealthy 151 to 200 experience more serious health effects.
Health warnings of emergency conditions. The entire population is more likely to be
Very Unhealthy 201 to 300 affected.
Hazardous 301 to 500 Health alert: everyone may experience more serious health effects.

The EPA issued over 13,148 environmental assessment permits to various undertakings to ensure
compliance to Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999, LI 1652. This figure exceeded the
target of 7,100 for the year 2022.

2.3.3.7 Climate Variability and Change

Ghana has committed to reducing its GHG emissions and climate adaptation in several priority
sectors under its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), including mass transit,
infrastructure, land use and food production, energy, and forest and water resources management.92
Ghana’s Green Growth Index was estimated at 51 percent, or about halfway to its green growth
target. The government is exploring practical solutions to close the financing gap, including private
equity, carbon markets, and climate impact bonds. Government is also working on policies and
regulations to enable participation in the global climate finance market.93 In 2022, higher
temperatures and heat stress affected crop and labour productivity, and more erratic rainfall
patterns damaged buildings and infrastructure. Land degradation, water insecurity and local air
pollution also hampered human capital and productivity.94

Forty-five stations were used in this analysis to understand the monthly pattern of rainfall at
various zones. The zones include coastal, forest, transition as well as north and represented by
Axim, Accra, Ho, Kumasi, Wenchi, Kete Krachi, Navrongo and Wa respectively. The year 2022
experienced increased Annual rainfall around the west coast (Axim-2803.1mm, Half Assini-
2464.3mm and Takoradi-1314.9mm) and the extreme portion of the east coast (Accra-1077.5mm
and Tema-821.6mm). Highest annual values of over 1700mm were recorded around the western
portion of the country, while most parts of the forest received annual rainfall values between

92
2022 Environment and Climate Change In Ghana: Policy Brief, UNDP
93 African Economic Outlook (AEO), African Development Bank Group 2023
94
World Bank. (n.d.). Ghana Can Turn Climate Challenges into Opportunities for Resilient and Sustainable Growth, World Bank Group Report.
[online] Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/11/01/ghana-can-turn-climate-challenges-
into-opportunities-for-resilient-and-sustainable-growth-says-new-world-bank-group-report

Page 86 of 245
1200mm to 1800mm. The northern portions and part of the east coast received relatively low
annual total values between 900mm to 1200mm with Salaga in the north, recording the highest
level of 1263.1mm.

In Ghana, more than 90 percent of total emissions come from two main sectors—agriculture, land-
use change, and forestry (AFOLU) and energy, including transport. Beyond Ghana’s direct
emissions contribution, emissions from transport, cooking with wood-fuel, and open waste burning
also release toxic pollutants that have significant negative human health impacts

Eight MDAs and 50 MMDAs in 2022, built capacity on climate change issues. Thirty-one out of
43 MDAs have developed climate change adaptation strategies to enhance climate action and
resilience. Additionally, the first Ghana Country Climate and Development Report to underscore
the nexus between climate change and development and the need to tackle climate change as a
catalyst for sustainable development was launched by the World Bank Group, Ghana. This was
the second to be launched in Africa, following that of Rwanda95.

2.3.3.8 Transportation: Road, Rail, Air, and Water

Road: In 2022, routine maintenance activities comprising grading, pothole patching, shoulder
maintenance, and vegetation control were carried out on 17,694km of the trunk road network;
4,011km of the feeder road network; and 6,233km of the urban road network. Within the same
period, maintenance activities, namely: asphalt overlay, re-gravelling/spot improvement and
resealing works were carried out on 46km, 316km and 1,370km of the trunk, feeder and urban
road networks respectively. Department of Urban Roads (DUR) undertook several asphaltic
overlay activities in the year. Since 2017, 1,777km of asphalt overlay works have been completed.
In 2022, 191km of asphalt overlay works were done.

The areas which benefitted from the asphalt works in 2022 include; Juaben, Suame, Nkawie in the
Ashanti Region; Cape Coast and Kasoa in the Central Region; Ablekuma, Tema East and West,
Osu Klottey, Adentan, La, Ga East and West, Okaikwei Central and North and Accra Metro in the
Greater Accra Region; Tamale and Yendi in the Northern Region; Effia Nkwanta Regional
Hospital, Takoradi Hospital, Sekondi Takoradi Metro area and Effia Kwesimintsim in the Western
Region; and Damongo township in the Savannah Region.

There were minor rehabilitation works covering; minor upgrading and the construction of culverts
and drainage works on 291km of trunk roads, 553km of the feeder roads and 328km of urban road
networks respectively.

Road crashes within the sector increased by 33 percent to 14,960 in 2022 from 11,207 in 2021.
Despite this increase, the fatalities reduced to 2,372 in 2022 from 2,890 in 2021, representing 18
percent improvement and persons seriously injured also reduced to 6,276 in 2022 from 7,237 in

95
https://mlnr.gov.gh/index.php/climate-change-report-on-ghana-launched/

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2021, representing 13 percent improvement. The continuous implementation of the “Stay Alive”
campaign by the National Road Safety Authority (NRSA) has resulted in the reduction in the
deaths and seriously injured persons during accidents. The Authority received support from the
Ghana Police Service through the Motor Traffic and Transport Department (MTTD) to commence
the Police Action Against Riders Indiscipline (PAARI) and Police Invisible Eye (PIE) campaign
which led to motor riders complying with road signs and regulations, resulting in less motor
crashes. The expansion and dualisation of some sections of the Accra-Kumasi highway helped
reduce the number of fatalities and injuries during accidents.

Figure 2.3.4: Number of Road Crashes in 2022

16,000
Number of Road crashes

14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2019 2020 2021 2022
Road Crashes 13,877 14,886 11,207 14,960
Fatalities 2,284 2,589 2,890 2,373
Seriouly Injured 5,759 6,207 7,237 6,276
Year

Road Crashes Fatalities Seriouly Injured

Source: NDPC Construct- Data from National Road Safety Authority, 2023

Rail: In June 2022, construction works commenced for the 78km section of the Western line from
Manso to Huni Valley. This included the conversion of the narrow-gauge line between Kojokrom
and Takoradi, as well as an extension of the standard gauge line into the newly expanded Takoradi
Port. This was to ensure the existence of a seamless means of hauling minerals and other bulk
freight along the Western corridor using the new standard gauge railway line. The distance covered
by railway for goods reduced to 23,656.94km in 2022, carrying about 375,000 tonnes of goods,
from 36,981.00km in 2021. Also, efforts were made to increase the passenger distance covered by
railway to 2,863.37km in 2022 from 1,230.14km in 2021. Similarly, the count of passengers also
increased to 271,380 in 2022 from 150,020 in 2021. However, it did not meet its target of
transporting 400,000 passengers. There were 62 minor operational incidents on the rail network in
2022.

Air: Aircraft movement is gradually showing an increase after the significant fall in 2020 during
the global COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, the total aircraft movement increased by 16 percent with
44 percent being domestic flight movement and 56 percent international movements. The domestic
and international movement increased to 19,343 from 16,596 and 24,627 from 21,274 in 2022
respectively.

Page 88 of 245
The increase in aircraft movement is also evident in the number of passengers to and from Ghana’s
international airport. The continuous implementation of the Year of Return initiative led to a 42
percent increase in international passenger movement in 2022. Likewise, the number of domestic
passenger movement increased by 18 percent. There were 852,101 domestic passengers 862,045
compared to in 2021.Ghana recorded 1,800,341 international passengers compared to 1,777,084
passengers in 2021. Freight movement by air declined by 29 percent in 2022, seeing the lowest
recorded since 2018. In 2022, one domestic aircraft accident was recorded with no casualty.96

Water: To improve the capacity and efficiency of port operations the Ghana Ports and Harbours
Authority (GPHA) targeted 100hrs and 105hrs turnaround time for vessels in Tema and Takoradi
ports respectively. This was achieved with Tema port turnaround time being 91.83hrs and 102hrs
for the Takoradi port.

However, this was an increase by 21 percent and 9 percent compared to the turnaround times for
Tema and Takoradi is 2021. In Figure 2.3.5, container and cargo traffic for goods to and from
Ghana reduced to 1,244,245 Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (TEU) and 27,033,223 tonnes in 2022.
Likewise, the quantity of goods transported on the Volta Lake reduced from 79,751.95 tonnes in
2021 to 45,228.81 tonnes in 2022. This was due to the fact that the major clients (BOST and
GHACEM) could not provide the required cargo for shipment during the period.

The number of vehicles transported increased to 101,815 vehicles and the number of passengers
increased to 1,173,233 in 2022. Nonetheless, this did not meet the Volta Lake Transport’s 2022
target of 116,669 for vehicles and 1,304,635 for passengers. Water crashes reduced to four in 2022
from eight in 2021 with 38 injuries and 18 fatalities.

96
2022 National Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix-Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlement, National
Development Planning Commission

Page 89 of 245
Figure 2.3.5: Martime and Inland Water Traffic
1400000

1200000

1000000
Inland Water Traffic

800000

600000

400000

200000

0
Inland Water Traffic -Freight Inland Water Traffic -No of Inland Water Traffic- No of
Vehicles Passengers

2019 2020 2021 2022

35000000

30000000

25000000
Maritime Traffic

20000000 2019
2020

15000000 2021
2022
10000000

5000000

0
Maritime Traffic-Cargo (MT ) Maritime Traffic - Container (TEU)

Source: NDPC’s Construct-Data from Ministry of Transport

2.3.3.9 Information and Communication Technology Development

Total broadband capacity of the country available for ICT development increased significantly to
5,938GB in 2022 from 2,905GB in 2021. The total broadband capacity in use for ICT development
also increased by 54 percent, from 981.2GB to 1,509.91GB.

Page 90 of 245
This exceeded the sector's broadband capacity targets for the year by 78 and 34 percent
respectively. The local backbone capacity also saw a 29.86 percent increase to 23,884GB in 2022
from 18,392 GB in 2021. The government in 2022 constructed 1,003 rural telephony sites under
the Rural Telephony and Digital Inclusion Project. This benefitted 1,353 rural communities that
can now make calls and use the internet via their mobile phones, thereby opening possibilities for
social and economic activities.97 Despite this intervention, the internet penetration rate reduced to
71.56 percent in 2022 from 76.84 percent in 2021. The total number of subscribers reduced to
22,732,692 in 2022, representing a 4 percent decline from 2021. The number of internet service
providers declined to 11 in 2022 from 14 in 2021.

2.3.3.10 Science, Technology and Innovation

Research and Development (R&D) allocation continues to remain inadequate and below the
national target of at least 1 percent of GDP. However, in 2022, government’s expenditure on R&D
as a percentage of GDP exceeded its target and increased by 153 percent to 0.38 percent from 0.15
percent in 2021. This increment in R&D expenditure has led to the preservation of the country's
plant genetic materials for posterity. The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
under the auspices of MESTI conserved 2,093 and distributed over 1,146 plant accessions in
2022.98 (See Figure 2.3.6)
Figure 2.3.6 R&D expenditure as a share of GDP
0.4 0.38

0.3
Percentage

0.2
0.15 0.15

0.1 0.08

0
2019 2020 2021 2022
Years
Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation, 2022

The number of research findings99 adopted by industry increased in 2022 to 173.This was below
its target of 200 adoptions. This represented a 38.4 percent increment from 2021. Meanwhile, 56
technologies were commercialized as against the target of 50 for the year 2022. The number of
start-up companies currently stands at five, representing 50 percent of the annual target of 10.100

97
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year
98
2022 APR, Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation
99
Research institutions (including CSIR, GAEC and the universities)
100
2022 APR, Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation.

Page 91 of 245
Again, Ghana improved to the 95th rank on the 2022 Global Innovation Index (GII), among 132
economies surveyed. This shows an improvement in rank compared to 112th (2021), 108th (2020)
and 106th (2019).101

2.3.3.11 Energy and Petroleum

In order to reduce transmission and distribution system losses and improve transmission system
reliability, the 161KV Volta-Achimota-Mallam Transmission Line Upgrade Project was
completed and operationalized in 2022102. This led to a 0.91 percent decrease in transmission
losses to 4.1 percent from 5.01 percent in 2021, however, distribution losses from ECG increased
marginally to 30.62 percent from 30 percent in 2021. ECG's distribution losses in 2022, surpassed
the PURC target of 21 percent with a recorded loss of 30.62 percent. The high losses were
attributed to two primary factors: technical losses and high commercial losses resulting from illegal
connections, faulty meters, and the presence of uncaptured Self-Help Electrification Project
(SHEP) meters connected and consuming electricity from the grid (See Figure 2.3.7). In 2022,
ECG lost over US$180 million revenue because of non-payment of electricity bills. Some
government Ministries, Department and Agencies (MDAs) together owed about 80 percent with
approximately US$1,300 million of electricity bills due ECG in accumulated arrears. In April
2022, the Ministry of Energy reported that illegal practices including power theft was one of the
major issues costing ECG nearly GHS3.2 billion.103

ECG implemented interventions to address the primary factors leading to distribution losses. These
included a customer and asset enumeration exercise to capture unregistered meters, partnering with
local meter suppliers to improve the availability of meters for new service connections and faulty
meter replacements, metering of distribution transformers to help identify high system loss areas,
and intensified revenue mobilisation and protection drives to crack down on illegalities.

Figure 2.3.7: ECG Distribution Losses (2018-2021)

40
30.7
Distribution Losses

30.0
30 24.3 24.7 26.1
% of ECG

20

10

0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Years

Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Electricity Company, Ghana, 2022

101
2022 Global Innovation Index, WIPO
102
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year
103
(2022, April 14). ECG loses GH¢3.2b to power theft - Energy Minister. Ghana Business News.
https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2022/04/14/ecg-loses-gh%C2%A23-2b-to-power-theft-energy-minister/

Page 92 of 245
The national electricity access rate increased to 88.75 percent in 2022 from 87.03 percent in 2021,
with additional 354 communities connected to the national grid. The Ministry of Energy (MoEn)
also provided support in the form of engineering and consultancy services as well as electricity
extension to 39 1D1F facilities across the country.104 Nonetheless, the average number of hours of
outages experienced by customers (CAIDI) in the Metro increased to 1.16hours, Urban to 2hours
and the Rural areas to 2.13hours, from less than an average of 2hours of outages in 2021.105 This
however improved from a target of 2hours for Metro, 3hours for Urban and 4hours for Rural areas.

A total amount of US$1.02 billion was invested into new investments in the oil and gas sector, of
which US$60M was invested by companies in the exploration phase while US$960M was invested
on development activities in 2022. The value of services and contracts awarded to indigenous
companies was US$230,523,983 representing 36 percent of the total value of contracts awarded
(US$646,262,908.00). The share of contracts awarded to indigenous companies was 45 percent
(359 Contracts/POs out of 797 contracts/POs). The percentage share and value of services awarded
to indigenous companies was 27 percent (US$146,688,726.22). The proportion of Ghanaians
employed in the oil and gas sector stood at 11.77 percent in Management category (i.e. 370 out of
a total of 3,143); 44.41 percent in Core Technical category (i.e. 1,396 out of a total of 3,143) and
43.81 percent in Other role categories (i.e. 1,377 out of a total of 3,143). As at the second quarter
of 2022, government of Ghana revenue from oil represented 1.0 percent of GDP.

In a bid to ensure the maximisation of Ghana’s stake in all petroleum operations, negotiations
continued in respect of three potential petroleum agreements with the aim of enhancing
hydrocarbon exploration and production, and increasing the petroleum reserves.106

2.3.3.12 Human Settlements Development and Housing

The Land Use and Spatial Planning Authority (LUSPA) as part of its mandate has supported
regions and MMDAs to develop spatial plans. As at the end of 2022, only three (18.75%) out of
16 Regions had prepared regional Spatial Development Frameworks (SDFs). Out of the three
(Ashanti, Western and Greater Accra) regional SDFs, only the SDF for Ashanti region was
prepared in 2022. Only 26 (9.96%) out of the 261 MMDAs have district SDFs and 36 (13.79%)
out of the 261 MMDAs have structure plans. Almost all the MMDAs have Local Plans guiding
physical growth and development in the major towns. However, the Local Plans are inadequate
and do not cover the full extent of their jurisdiction especially the peripheral areas of the MMDAs.
There are varied reasons why the regions and MMDAs have not prepared their spatial plans (SDFs
and Structure Plans). Key among them are capacity gaps in the Physical Planning Department
(PPD) and inadequate funds. This delay has affected the development of the targeted MMDAs and
regions.

104
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year
105
2022 National Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix-Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlement, National
Development Planning Commission
106
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year

Page 93 of 245
Other key activities implemented during the year of review include the redevelopment plan for
Apiatse township in the Western Region of Ghana following the explosion incident that occurred
in January, 2022. LUSPA in its bid to enure the planning conforms to the current trends and
development needs commenced a desk review of three (3 documents namely the Spatial Planning
Model, The Manual for the Preparation of Spatial Plans, and the Zoning and Planning Standards.
LUSPA through the Ministry of Local Government Decentralization and Rural Development
issued directives to all the 261 MMDAs and organized sensitization programmes on two TV and
two Radio Stations on Spatial Planning and Development Control. In addition, a revision of the
Roman Ridge Local Plan with support from Lands Commission and the Ayawaso West Municipal
Assembly was undertaken.

As part of plans to mitigate flooding within the Greater Accra Region, the MLGDRD in
collaboration with LUSPA organized a flooding workshop for all MMDAs to identify flooding
hotspots, the causes of the flooding and come up with mitigation measures. The implementation
of the planned activities for 2022 were not fully achieved. There were challenges related to non-
operationalization of the Land Use and Spatial Planning Fund, inadequate funding for planned
activities, minimal appreciation of spatial planning and inadequate resources allocated to LUSPA.
These had impacted negatively on the progress of planned activities for 2022.

According to GSS data on structures, housing conditions and facilities revealed an increase in the
housing deficit by 33 percent.107 As at 2022, the housing units provided were only 824 to urban
households. As part of efforts to provide adequate, safe, secure, quality and affordable housing,
government has undertaken a number of interventions such as the continuation of the Kpone
Affordable Housing Programme by Tema Development Company (TDC) Limited to construct 139
Blocks made up of 3,016 housing units. Also, works on Phase III of the Security Services Housing
Programme was 90 percent complete as at 2022. This project is located at the Ghana National
Police Training School, Tesano and comprises of 320 units for the Ghana Police Service. The
Urban Premier Project in Adenta is also complete and comprises of 40 housing units.108 Despite
all these interventions by the government, the sector did not meet its annual target of providing
1,000 houses to urban population in the country. The 2021 PHC reported the housing deficit as
1.86 million housing units.

2.3.3.13 Rural Development Management

Ghana's rural communities have also made advancements in several fields, including the local
economy, education, and transportation. Rural hubs have been established to curb urban sprawl,
unplanned settlements, inadequate housing, poor sanitation and inadequate rural infrastructure and
also ensure sustainable and equitable development. In accordance with the rural development and
management programmes, 549 actual rural sub-projects were finished in 2022.

107
2021 Population and Housing Census Report, Ghana Statistical Service
108
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year

Page 94 of 245
In contrast to the 39,000 job opportunities expected to be generated, these projects resulted in the
creation of 55,686 jobs for rural communities, which has boosted economic growth and decreased
rural poverty. In terms of road transportation, the government is making strides, with 50,775km of
feeder road projects built to connect remote areas to urban centers, reducing the rural-urban
inflow.109

2.3.3.14 Urban Development Management

Ghana’s urban population continues to grow, increasing from 12,545,229 (50.9%) in 2010 to
17,472,530 (56.7%) in 2021 with almost half (47.8%) of the increase in Greater Accra and Ashanti
regions. The 56.7 percent urbanised population was found in the Greater Accra, Ashanti, Central,
Eastern, Northern, Western, and Volta regions. Females (51.3%) outnumber males (48.7%) in
these urban areas. However, there are more males (50.1%) than females (49.9%) in the rural areas.
Ghana has been making steady progress in urban and rural development over the past year. The
government, corporate sector, and civil society have collaborated to enhance infrastructure, adopt
policies and initiatives that promote inclusive and sustainable development, economic growth, and
poverty reduction in both urban and rural areas.

The MLGDRD under the Ghana Secondary Cities Support Programme (GSCSP) initiated 114
infrastructure projects out of which 49 have been completed in 25 Municipal Assemblies under
the Urban Development Grant (UDG) to improve urban management and basic urban services110.
The remaining 65 projects are at various stages of completion.

2.3.3.15 Construction Industry Development

The construction industry employs about 5.2 percent of the total working population between the
ages of 15 years and above with the males dominating the sector. 111Although government has
initiated many laws and policies to help grow the construction sub-sector, it is yet to enact the
Construction Industry Development Authority (CIDA) Bill, 2020. The government's commitment
to developing the sector has attracted local and foreign investors, leading to the emergence of
several construction companies.112

2.3.3.16 Drainage and Flood Control

The total length of drains rechannelled, upgraded and maintained in 2022 was 6.87km of which
2.3km were primary drains and 4.57km were secondary. This did not meet the sector’s 15km drains
target for the year. In order to control flooding in the country, the Ministry of Works and Housing
(MWH) targeted to install one national advanced flood warning system for forecasting floods.
However, this target was not achieved.

109
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year
110
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year
111
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year
112
2022 National Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix-Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlement, National
Development Planning Commission

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Nonetheless, the Ministry continued with the implementation of the 2018 and 2020 National Flood
Control Programmes across the country. As of Dec 2022, no civil works had been undertaken
under the GARID Project. The contract for the dredging of the Odaw had been awarded,
nonetheless, actual dredging works were yet to commence. All other civil works had just had their
detailed engineering designs completed and procurement processes to engage the contractors
commenced. A total of 362 desilting contracts were completed while a total of 81 construction
works were also completed under the Flood Control Programmes. The National Flood Control
Programme has seen the implementation of major drainage projects in the North. Apart from that,
key to the management of flooding in the North has centred on the Dredging of the White Volta.
Minor rehabilitation works covering upgrading and construction of culverts and drainage
structures were undertaken on 225km of trunk roads, 349km of the feeder and 328km of the urban
road networks.113

2.3.3.17 Land Administration

Land title and deed registration and related services has been a major concern of government. The
need to decrease the turnaround time for land Title and Deed registrations remained a major target
within government flagship programmes. Within the year 2022, the Lands Commission was able
to attain the target of reducing turnaround time for title registration from the average of 150 days
to 120 days in title registration districts across the country. An average of 20 days is required to
complete a deed registration in the regional offices, falling below the target of 15 days. Major
effort was made to provide manpower and logistic support to the six new regional offices to
facilitate efficient delivery of services.114 The Commission successfully migrated the operations
of its offices in the six newly created regions to a complete digital platform.

2.3.3.18 Zongos and Inner Cities Development

In 2022, the Zongo and Inner Cities Secretariat completed the construction of 16No. 6-unit basic
educational classroom blocks at various zongos nationwide in the Amansie West, Sekyere East,
Kwabre, Asante Akim North, and Atwima Nwabiagya districts; Asokore Mampong Municipality
and Kumasi Metropolis. Again, the secretariat supplied 5,550 dual desks for selected basic schools
in Zongos nationwide; completed 8No. institutional water and sanitation facilities with 10 units at
advanced stages of completion. The Secretariat completed the construction of a 32No. mechanised
community water systems within the Ahafo, Ashanti, Central, Eastern, and Greater Accra regions.
In the Greater Accra Region, 8No. water systems were completed in Otsinibi in the La
Nkwantanang Municipality, Sukura Zongo in the Ablekuma Central Municipality, Awoshie Zongo
in the Ablekuma North Municipality, Asere Zongo and Nsomia in the Ga North Municipality and
Nii Boi Town Zongo in the Okaikwei North Municipality.115 The Secretariat received an actual
payment of GHS7.65 million representing 4.96 percent of its budget allocation of GHS154.20

113
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year
114
2022 National Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix-Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlement, National
Development Planning Commission
115
2023 Budget Statement and Economic Policy, for 2023 Financial Year

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million still outstanding116 thereby unable to upgrade any Zongo/slum communities as targeted in
2022. Under the GARID Project, some community upgrading interventions had been programmed
but didn’t commence due to the fact that the detailed engineering designs were not completed and
approved in time to allow for these works to commence. Government planned to implement the
Nima/Mamobi redevelopment project, under a PPP arrangement. However as of December 2022,
a partnership arrangement had not been reached for the implementation of the project.

2.3.4 Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations for Environment, Infrastructure and
Human Settlements
The key challenges of the dimension are summarised in Table 2.3.4. The table also highlights
proffered recommendations for Ghana’s Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlements

Table 2.3.4 Focus areas, Challenges and Recommendations

S/N Focus Areas Challenges Recommendations
1. Protected Areas Illegal and over logging The Forestry Commission, NDPC, MLNR, MMDAs,
of forests Traditional Councils should collaborate to:
 Issue gudelines on logging and compliance
 ensure that the minimum allowable cut is not
exceeded in order to protect Ghana’s forests

2. Minerals Extraction Illegal Mining Menace MLNR, MINCOM, OoP, Parliament, Office of Attorney
General and Minister of Justice and Traditional Councils
should effectively collaborate to:
 rehabilitate degraded ecosystem.
 develop and implement a policy to declare all river
bodies as red zones for mining, for the preservation of
water bodies.
 coordinate efforts to combat illegal mining.
 review the mineral and mining laws to empower chiefs
and people to be responsible for development of
communities

Climate Variability Continued increase in NDPC, MESTI, EPA should collaborate to focus on climate
and Change carbon emission resilient and low carbon development pathways that will
foster more green, resilient, and inclusive growth by
undertaking the following actions:
 adopt integrated approach to agriculture and
environmental management by fostering integrated
landscape management, promoting climate-smart
agriculture, and support adaptation of coastal
communities
 build sustainable cities and resilient infrastructure
systems through better urban development,
enhancements in resilient mobility infrastructure
and services, and improved waste management

116
2022 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government

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S/N Focus Areas Challenges Recommendations
 create new opportunities to manage forest resource
as an asset for climate resilience, reverse
deforestation and promoting cleaner cooking
 promote a transition to clean energy by scaling up
renewable energy sources and strengthening
regional energy markets
 modernize transport systems by, among others,
improving public transportation and updating vehicle
standards.

3. Water Resource  Threat of water MSWR, CWSA, WRC, WRI and its agencies should:
Management resources.  develop a national water quality monitoring framework
 High cost of water  provide adequate resources to the sector to
treatment independently monitor water quality.
4. Transportation  Inadequate funding MoF, MRH, MoT, MoRD, DISEC of MMDAs, Traditional
for road, rail and Councils and Security agencies should collaborate to:
water transportation  encourage private sector participation in infrastructure
projects development for the transport sector
 Theft of rail  provide adequate security to protect rail equipments and
equpments and tracks
tracks  equip the security agencies with state of the art
accoutrements
5. Energy and Inadequate MoEn, ECG, NEDCO, TOR, PURC, GRIDCo, GNPC, PEF,
Petroleum infrastructure for energy NPA, PC, VRA, NED, BPA, BOST, Energy Commission
delivery should:
 implement an energy sector financial restructuring and
recovery plan
 mobilize domestic capital to invest in petroleum product
storage capacity and operations
 extend petroleum bulk transportation and distribution
infrastructure nationwide
6. Land  Poor and outdated Land Commission, Traditional Authorities, House of Chiefs
Administration maps MLNR should collaborate with LUSPA to:
 Indeterminate land  continue on-going land administration reform to address
boundaries title and ownership rights
 General indiscipline  accelerate digitization of land records and automation of
in the land market land services delivery
 update outdated maps and develop new ones
7. Rural Development Inadequate housing, and MLGDRD, MMDAs, LUSPA and MoF should
Management rural infrastructure collaborate to:

 expand and improve basic rural infrastructure

 encourage active citizen’s participation in local
development
 pass the Local Government Finances Bill ,2020
 fully implement the rural development policy

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S/N Focus Areas Challenges Recommendations
8. Urban Development Increasing Urban sprawl NDPC should collaborate with MLGDRD/MWH, MMDAs
Management to:
 improve linkages between emerging secondary cities
and towns
 promote rural enterprise development, financial
inclusion, service delivery, capacity building and local
economic development
9. Human Settlements Uncompleted affordable MWH, MESTI, MLGDRD, LUSPA, MLNR, LC, Works
Development and housing projects Dept., Universities, GREDA, FI should collaborate to:
Housing  create a credible mortgage regime on the pension fund
 leverage resources and expertise of corporate entities
and private sector for the provision of affordable
housing and its related social infrastructure
 Inadeqaute district NDPC, LUSPA should collaborate to:
local plans  ensure the formulation of spatial plans (regional, district
 Lack of funds for and local).
the preparation of  solicit for funds from development partners to develop
SDFs (regional and spatial plans
district), SPs  activation of Land Use and Spatial Planning Fund
 capacity building on spatial plan preparation and
implementation
 leverage resources and expertise of corporate entities
and private sector for the provision of affordable housing
and its related social infrastructure
10. Zongos and Inner  Inadequate basic MLGDRD/MWH should collaborate with LUSPA, MMDAs
Cities Development social infrastructure to:
and services  accelerate investment in local economic development in
 High proportion of Zongo and Inner-City communities
people living in  implement the national slum upgrading and prevention
slum areas strategy

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 2.4.Governance, Corruption and Public Accountability
2.4.1 Introduction
This dimension highlights significant achievements and progress of implementation to assess the
goal and objectives of the dimension, challenges faced and policy recommendations. The goal of
this dimension is to maintain a stable, united and safe country. This is to be achieved through broad
objectives across 13 focus areas. The focus areas are: Deepen Democratic Governance; Local
Governance and Decentralisation; Public Accountability; Public Institutional Reform; Public
Policy Management; Human Security and Public Safety; Corruption and Economic Crimes; Law
and Order; Civil Society and Civic Engagement; Attitudinal Change and Patriotism; Development
Communication; Culture for National Development; and Strengthening Ghana’s Role in
International Affairs. Data was available for all focus areas with the exception of Deepen
Democratic Governance.

2.4.2 Key Performance Indices

Notable achievements in 2022 included:
i. Ghana successfully presented its second Voluntary National Review (VNR) report on the
implementation of SDGs at the High-Level Political Forum (HLPF) in New York;
ii. Increased trade volume in non-traditional products in the ECOWAS sub-region;
iii. Ghana maintained the second largest of inflow of remittances in Africa (US$4.7 billion);
iv. NDPC and BoG collaborated with other key stakeholders including MoF, GSS and
University Cape Coast to coordinate the utilisation of the Ghana Macro Economic Model;
v. The HRMIS was re-implemented with 7 additional MDAs added to the existing 63 MDAs
bringing the total number to 70;
vi. Training organized for 193 End-users from GHS, GES, LGS and OHCS on Employees
Profile and Establishment Management;
vii. A total of 2,535 inmates were enrolled by GPrS for examinations including the BECE,
NVTI programmes, and the WASSCE;
viii. Youth at all levels of governance were equipped with resources as part of their civic
responsibility duties to engage in decision-making processes;
ix. Government of Ghana established a credible identification system.

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 2.4.3 Progress of Implementation
2.4.3.1 Local Governance and Decentralisation
This section discusses the local governance and decentralization focus area. The Local
Government Service was established by the Local Government Service Act, 2003 (Act 656) with
the objective to secure an effective administration and management of the Local Government in
the country. In order to support the smooth running of local governance and decentralisation,
MMDAs are provided with human and financial resources to implement activities.
MMDA share of personnel on Government payroll: In 2022, the MMDA share of personnel on
GoG payroll remained the same at 5.05 percent for 2021 and 2022. However, in absolute terms,
the MMDA personnel on GoG payroll increased to 34,772 from 32,736 in 2021. In 2022, the total
number of personnel on GoG payroll was 688,886 compared to the total number of personnel on
GoG payroll which was 647,745 in 2021. This shows a 6.35 percentage increase in the total number
of personnel on GoG payroll. The total number of non-established post employees stood at 6,787
at the end of 2022 compared to 9,408 at the end of 2021. This shows a 27.86 percent decrease in
2022.117
Share of central government transfers to MMDAs in total national receipt: In absolute terms,
the total central GoG transfers was GHS1.524 billion in 2022 compared to GHS1.478 billion in
2021. The total national revenue, excluding grant was GHS96.58 billion in 2022 compared to
GHS69.15 billion in 2021. The share of central government transfers decreased to 1.58 percent in
2022 from 2.14 percent in 2021 as shown in Figure 2.4.1. Though the total national revenue,
excluding grant increased by GHS27.43 billion in 2022, there was a marginal increase in total
central GoG transfers. Additionally, the percentage share of DACF in total tax revenue remained
at 5 percent in 2021 and 2022.
MMDA Share of total revenue: The share of MMDAs total revenue in relation to total national
revenue decreased to 2.15 percent in 2022 from 3.01 percent in 2021. In absolute terms, the share
of MMDAs total revenue in relation to total national revenue was GHS2.114 billion in 2022
compared to GHS2.111 billion in 2021. In 2022, the total national revenue/ receipt was GHS98.08
billion compared to about GHS70.35billion in 2021. The targets for central government transfers
(≥5 percent) and share of MMDA total revenue (≥3.5 percent) remained unattained for the year
(Figure 2.4.1).

2022 National Development Planning Commission-Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix- Office of The Head of Local
117

Government Service

Page 101 of 245

Figure 2.4.1: MMDA share of total revenue ( percent), 2019-2022

MMDA SHARE OF TOTAL REVENUE AND CENTRAL

GOVERNMENT TRANSFERS(%)

2.52
Percentage

2.14
1.89
3.61 1.58
2.59 3.01
2.15

2019 2020 2021 2022

Years

Share of MMDA total revennue Share of central government transfers

Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix- Office of The Head of Local Government
Service

2.4.3.2 Enhancing Public Accountability

A July 2022 report by the Ghana Integrity of Public Services Survey revealed widespread
corruption and waste of public funds. The report concluded that corrupt practices resulted in more
than five billion cedis (US$346 million) of financial mismanagement, including misapplication
and misappropriation of funds, theft, and procurement mismanagement. Also in July 2022,
Afrobarometer released highlights from a survey indicating perceptions of corruption were
increasing and the public had decreasing confidence in the government’s ability to fight
corruption. Eighty-five percent of respondents rated the government’s handling of the fight
against corruption as “fairly bad” or “very bad.”

According to the July 2022 report of United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
Corruption in Ghana Survey, 25 percent of persons who had contact with a public official in the 12
months prior to the survey reported having been asked to pay a bribe by a public official. The
Office of the Special Prosecutor conducted investigations into the Labianca Company, finding
credible claims of improper issuance of customs advance rulings and markdowns of benchmark
values by the Customs Division of GRA. The Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP) recovered
GHS1.074 million from Labianca Company Limited. 118The 2021 Report of the Auditor-General on
the Public Accounts of Ghana reported weaknesses and irregularities in government programmes in
its audit of more than 1.08 billion cedis ($75 million) in programme funds.

National Monitoring, Evaluation, and Information System (NaMEIS): The NaMEIS based at
NDPC is an Integrated ICT system for making prompt development information readily accessible
to the Office of the President, MDAs, and MMDAs. The system has a public interface, which
would provide prompt, objective, and reliable development information to the public.

118
Ghana - United States Department of State. (2023, March 20). United States Department of State. https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-
country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/ghana

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 In 2022, the Consultant, as part of Output 6, conducted training sessions for designated staff
members of NDPC and selected MDAs on the operation of the system. The World Bank, in its
revised contract, provided funding for one year of post-implementation support to the
Commission. The system would have been completed and operational but for the late delivery of
the infrastructure component by the contractor.119

2.4.3.3 Public Institutional Reform

The government directed the reimplementation of the Human Resource Management Information
System (HRMIS) to strengthen controls and ensure efficiency in public service. In 2022, the Public
Services Commission (PSC) aimed to include 114 MDAs in the HRMIS. However, only seven
MDAs were added to the existing baseline of 63 MDAs, resulting in a total enrollment of 70
MDAs. End-user training was conducted for 193 individuals from the GHS, GES, LGS, and
OHCS, focusing on Employees Profile and Establishment Management. Despite the slow progress
caused by the HRMIS reimplementation, the system has significantly improved establishment
control, leading to better management of payroll expenditure.120

2.4.3.4 Public Policy Management

In 2022, the National Public Policy Formulation Guidelines (NPPFG) was utilized to review
several policies, ensuring their alignment with the outlined framework provided by the guidelines.
The purpose of this review was to assess and confirm that these policies adhered to the principles
and requirements set forth in the NPPFG.121 The following policies were reviewed based on the
guidelines: National M&E Policy, Complementary Education Agency (CEA) Policy, Ghana Trade
Policy and Rural Development Policy. Other policies reviewed were Ghana Enterprises Agency
Policy, Ghana Foreign Policy, Mental Health Policy, Agricultural Development Policy and Ghana
National Nutrition Policy.122

Ghana Macro Economic Model (GMEM): In 2022, NDPC updated the GMEM with selected
data for 2020 and 2021. In the course of updating GMEM, the capacity of key staff of the
Commission was strengthened to use GMEM to analyse policy, forecast and predict outcomes for
the nation. NDPC collaborated with key stakeholders including BoG, UNDP and UNECA to
utilize GMEM to conduct research and policy analysis of key sectors. These collaborations are
intended to train and build capacity for economic forecasting across relevant sectors of the
economy. A training on Integrated Planning and Reporting Tool (IPRT) was held for staff. The
Annual Forecast Report for GMEM was drafted using data from the 2023 Annual Budget.123

119
2022 Annual Progress Report, National Development Planning Commission
120
2022 Annual Progress Report, Public Services Commission
121
2022 National Development Planning Commission, Annual Progress Report
122
2022 National Development Planning Commission, Annual Progress Report
123
2022 National Development Planning Commission, Annual Progress Report

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 2.4.3.5 Human Security and Public Safety
The security personnel in frontline duties are at the forefront of ensuring human security and public
safety in the country. This focus area provides data on Ghana Armed Forces (GAF) and Ghana
Police Service (GPS) as drivers to attaining security and public safety. In 2022, the net recruitment
rate for the GAF remained relatively unchanged, as the rate inched up to 9.74 percent from 9.72
percent in 2021. Similarly, the attrition rate remained relatively unchanged, dropping to 0.32
percent in 2022 from 0.34 percent in 2021. However, the set target for 2022 for net recruitment
rate at 13.49 percent and attrition rate of 1.95 percent was not achieved.124

In 2022, the police officer-to-citizen ratio in Ghana was reported as 1:694, compared to 1:769125
in 2021. Although there was an improvement in the ratio, it still remained below the UN-
recommended ratio of 1:500. GPS implemented measures to address security concerns and
enhance their operations. In 2022, GPS received more than 100 biometric verification devices and
mobile management software valued at US$2 million to combat crime effectively.126This coupled
with the access to information on the NIA database helped GPS to effectively track and identify
suspects. GPS expanded its workforce and improved community patrols by establishing Motorbike
Patrol Units. These units were deployed in areas with security concerns to enhance visibility and
ensure peace, law and order.127
Reported crime cases and imprisonment: Total crime cases declined to 191,111 in 2022 from
194,416 in 2021. The decline notwithstanding, certain categories of crime cases were generally
high and should be prioritized by GoG in collaboration with national security agencies to ensure
safety and security in communities (Figure 2.4.2).

Figure 2.4.2: Crime case from 2018 to 2022

225,000 218,832
220,000
215,000 208,391
210,000
Number

205,000
200,000 193,836 194,416
191,111
195,000
190,000
185,000
180,000
175,000
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Year

Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix- Ministry of Interior

124
2022 Annual Progress Report Ministry of Defence
125
2022 Annual Progress Report, Ministry of Interior
126 GNA. “Margins ID Group Supports Police’s Crime Fight with Smart Devices.” Ghana News Agency, 24 Dec. 2022,
gna.org.gh/2022/12/margins-id-group-supports-polices-crime-fight-with-smart-devices-2/. Accessed 29 June 2023.
127
2022 Annual Progress Report, Ministry of Interior

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Ghana’s figure of incarcerations per 100,000 population was 46 per 100,000 population. The
Ghana Prisons Service (GPrS) ended the year 2022 with a total prisoner population of 14,426. The
prisons have occupancy rate of 9,945 which has been overstretched by 49.8 percent. The medium
security prisons such as Nsawam, Kumasi and Ankaful bear the brunt of overcrowding in Ghana’s
prisons. The Camp Prisons that are designed to decongest those Prisons however operated below
their authorised capacities due to the nature of offences and high sentences meted out to most of
the inmates. As at the end of the year 2022, the ratio of male to female prisoners stood at 89:1
while the total number of foreigners in custody stood at 939.

In order to promote successful reintegration of inmates into society upon their release, the prisons
authority took several initiatives. They enrolled 2,535 inmates for the Basic Education Certificate
Examination (BECE), National Vocational Training Institute (NVTI), and West African Senior
School Certificate Examination (WASSCE), providing educational and vocational opportunities.
In addition to formal, technical and vocational training, 1,850 inmates also benefited from crop
production and animal husbandry training offered at the various Camp Prisons. In line with efforts
to improve operations, the prisons service established a Canine Unit at the Medium Security
Prisons at Nsawam. This unit focused on training security dogs and enhancing security measures
within the facility.128

Overcrowding in Prisons: The issue of overcrowding in Ghana's prisons worsened in 2022. The
reported change in prison population expressed as a ratio of total holding capacity in 2022
increased to 49.82 percent from 37.9 percent in 2021. Rapid increase in the number of admissions,
especially in the last quarter of 2021 impaired efforts by GPrS to achieving the 2022 target of 38
percent. In September 2022, the Ghana Prisons Service reported prison overcrowding stood at 150
percent of capacity, an increase of 15 percent from 2021.

Overcrowding at medium-security prisons was considerably higher than lower-security “camp

prisons.” The GPrS held women separately from men. Although authorities sought to hold
juveniles separately from adults, there were reports detainees younger than age 18 were held in
adult prisons. Authorities held pretrial detainees in the same facilities as convicts but generally in
separate cells, although due to overcrowding in convict blocks, Nsawam Prison held some convicts
in blocks designated for pretrial detainees. However, the Nsawam Camp Prison was
commissioned to add up to the existing holding capacity.129 .

Reported cases of rape, defilement and murder: The total reported cases of rape, defilement
and murder in 2022 by Domestic Violence and Victims Support Unit (DOVVSU) was 1,007 (220
rape cases, 786 defilements, 1 murder). In contrast, one murder case related to domestic violence
was reported in the Ashanti region by DOVVSU.130

128
2022 Annual Progress Report Ministry of Interior
129
2022 Annual Progress Report Ministry of Interior
130
2022 Domestic Violence and Victims Support Unit Annual Report

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Fire Prevention: In 2022, Ghana National Fire Service (GNFS) made notable strides in
strengthening its workforce through the recruitment of 800 personnel and the enlistment of 200
officers. The target for fire officer to citizen ratio was 1:800 for 2022. However, the ratio was
1:2,440 in 2022, indicating a decrease from 1: 2,379 in 2021.
GNFS demonstrated a significant commitment to addressing bush fires by training 7,602 Fire
Volunteers to mitigate and manage such incidents. The training underscores the GNFS's dedication
to protecting communities and minimising fire-related risks. Response to road traffic crashes
decreased to 486 in 2022 from 810 in 2021.131 The reported incidents of fire outbreaks, including
industrial, bush fires, domestic, vehicular, institutional, and commercial fires, slightly increased to
6,796132 in 2022 from 6,107 in 2021. GNFS held 12,357 fire safety public education programmes
and activities in various languages on radio and television stations in 2022. This was a sharp
increase from 3,892 in 2021. The huge number of fire safety public education programmes partly
led to the slight increase in reported fire outbreaks.

Immigration: The number of illegal immigrants apprehended in Ghana was less in 2022 (288)
compared to 324 in 2021. In 2022, 28 illegal immigrants were prosecuted and convicted. This was
the same in 2021.The GIS issued 157,451 qualified foreign immigrants with visas and permits. A
total of 1,326 immigrants were repatriated and 4,222 refused entry. Ghanaians who were deported
from other countries were 2,783 with 1,962 refused entry in 2022.

2.4.3.6 Anti-Corruption and Economic Crimes

In 2022, Ghana's score on the index remained at 43 out of 100, signalling that corruption remains
a prevalent issue.133. Ghana dropped in its ranking on Transparency International's Corruption
Perception Index (CPI) by one spot, placing 72nd out of 180 countries compared to 73rd in 2021.

In 2022, the Commission for Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ) received a total
of 335 corruption cases. Out of these cases, only 25 were investigated, one was referred, and four
cases were declined as compared to 37 investigated cases, zero declined cases and two referred
cases in 2021.134 Again, CHRAJ in collaboration with GSS conducted the first comprehensive,
nationally representative population survey on corruption in Ghana. The Corruption in Ghana:
People’s Experiences and Views Report launched on 20th July 2022 was sponsored by UNODC.
The main objective of the survey was to collect evidence-based information on forms of corruption
affecting the population of Ghana in order to determine the nature of corruption.

The survey collected detailed information on the prevalence of bribery, taking into account the
gender dimension of corruption. The survey findings intend to strengthen the capacity of national

131
2023 The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government of Ghana
132
2022 Annual Progress Report Ministry of Interior –Updated version submitted to National Development Planning Commission
133
https://www.transparency.org
134
2022 Legal Registry, Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice

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institutions to make corruption monitoring a regular activity in the country.135 CHRAJ established
a steering committee to develop the National Action Plan on Business and Human Rights (NAP
on BHR), a domestic framework for effective operationalisation towards the implementation of
the UN Guiding Principles on human rights issues in the business environment. The human rights
issues to be addressed include: child labour; gender discrimination; water pollution; environmental
degradation; and destruction of farmlands resulting from activities of the business community.
These issues threatened the livelihood of individuals and infringed upon the rights of the people.136

In 2022, Economic and Organised Crime Office (EOCO) investigated a total of 642 cases,
compared to 463 cases in 2021. Out of these cases, 16 were prosecuted, whereas in 2021, 17 cases
were prosecuted. The number of convictions remained the same as the previous year, with only
one conviction obtained. Additionally, the amount of money recovered in profits of crime totalled
GHS61.6 million, higher than the GHS 2.83million recovered in 2021.137

2.4.3.7 Law and Order

According to the 2022 Gallup Global Law and Order Report, Ghana had a Law and Order Index
score of 68 out of 100 in 2021. A total of 938 lawyers were called to the Ghana Bar, exceeding the
450 lawyers as target set to be called in 2022. Among these were 94 lawyers enrolled in a Mini
Call and the remaining 844 enrolled in the Main Call.138 The automation of the courts under the
National Digitization Project saw a decline in the percentage of courts automated. In 2022, 36.2
percent of courts were automated compared to 37.15 percent in 2021. The Judicial service also
computerised 62.8 percent of courts in 2022. 139 The number of cases resolved through Alternative
Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism by the Judicial Service decreased to 3,140 cases in 2022,
compared to 5,604 cases in 2021.140

2.4.3.8 Civil Society and Civic Engagement

This section covers participation of civil society in national development, press freedom index and
voice and accountability index. As part of their brokering roles in promoting development, CSOs
in 2022 contributed to creating platforms where citizens engage with government officials in order
to hold them accountable for their actions and inactions. Another important role played by CSOs
in consolidating Ghana’s democracy relates to their ‘watchdog’ functions around elections, anti-
corruption and policy implementation. By doing so, they promoted ensuring accountability and
transparency on the part of government officials. CSOs provided technical expertise to government
and helped in influencing policies that promoted national development. For instance, civil society
has been very active in the drafting of legislations such as the Office of the Special Prosecutor Act,
the 2020 Not-For-Profit Policy and Guidelines.

135
2022 Corruption in Ghana People’s Experiences and Views, GSS and CHRAJ - Published in Vienna
136
March 2023, Ghana News Agency, CHRAJ Seeks Stakeholders’ Inputs for National Action Plan on Human Rights
137
2022 Annual Progress Report, Office of the Attorney General and Ministry of Justice
138
2022 Annual Progress Report, Office of the Attorney General and Ministry of Justice
139
2023 Programme Based Budgeting, Judicial Service
140
2022 Annual Progress Report, Judicial Service

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In 2022, NIA established seven temporary registration points to support the ongoing NCA SIM
Card re- registration exercise in Accra and Kumasi and also enhanced 16 Regional and 276 District
Offices with office supplies. NIA registered 1.5 million citizens above 15 years and issued 935,074
with Ghana cards. There was a limited registration on a pilot basis for the diaspora. NIA shared
vital data with GPS, EOCO and NIB to assist in crime detection, investigation and prosecution.
The Authority prosecuted 10 citizens on registration related offences, three were convicted and six
cases were investigated. Additionally, the Authority prosecuted seven foreign nationals of
Registration related offences, three were convicted and four cases were investigated with three out
of the four being handled by GIS. Reforms undertaken in 2022 by NIA led to the use of National
Identification Verification System (NIVS) – Under the umbrella of NIA’s key ‘’User Agencies’’,
as spelt out in Act 707, the Authority has shared data with the following partner institutions - Social
Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT), NHIA, GRA, GIS and in the process of sharing
data with Birth and Death Registry (BDR) and GSS.

NIA has shared data on citizens with Ghana Association of Bankers (GAB), BoG, and other MDAs
including Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority (DVLA), National Service Scheme, Student
Loan Trust Fund, Lands Commission, Passports Office (PO) among other institutions mandated
by law. Again, other institutions that use NIVS for interoperability services are Ministry of
Communication and Digitalisation (MoCD), National Communication Authority (NCA), EOCO,
GPS, National Investment Bank (NIB), BoG and 23 Universal Banks, ARB APEX Bank and 145
Rural Banks are linked to the NIVS. Finally, NIA shared NIVS data for use by other financial
institutions in Ghana such as 20 Finance Houses, 10 Micro-Finance Companies, 19 Savings and
Loans Companies, 16 Financial Technology Companies, and 6 Insurance Companies. 141 The
process of on-boarding such financial institutions is ongoing under the full execution of
Memorandum of Understanding signed between NIA and Partner Institutions, as required by the
National Identity Register Act, (2008) Act 750. 142

Press Freedom Index: In the 2022 World Press Freedom Index, Ghana was ranked 60th out of
180 countries assessed, indicating a huge drop of 30 places from its 2021 ranking. Furthermore,
the assessment for Africa revealed that Ghana fell to the 10th rank in 2022 from its 3rd rank in 2021,
as stated in the 2022 World Press Freedom Index report. This decline reveals a concern Ghana
must address. There were isolated attacks on and harassment and arrests of journalists by members
of security forces. In February 2022, in Western Region, five or more police in plain clothes
attacked a producer with the privately-owned broadcaster after he allegedly photographed the
officers while they sat in a restaurant with their guns displayed and holding men in handcuffs. In
the same month, police arrested the executive director of the Alliance for Social Equity and Public
Accountability and a prominent morning show host for defaming a public figure.

141
https://www.bog.gov.gh/supervision-regulation/all-institutions/
142
2022 Annual Progress Report, National Identification Authority

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Authorities charged the two with the publication of false news.143 These identified isolated
incidents along with many others in 2022, resulted in Ghana’s poor press freedom index
performance.

2.4.3.9 Attitudinal Change and Patriotism

In 2022, the National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE) prioritized three key programmes:
Constitutional Awareness Creation, Deepening and Sustaining Civic Awareness, and Patriotism
and Good Citizenship. These programmes were carried out through a total of 152,152 events. The
initiatives undertaken by the NCCE included promoting awareness about the rights of children,
persons with disabilities, and marginalized individuals in society. They also focused on raising
awareness about proper sanitation practices, making the constitution accessible in both English
and various Ghanaian languages, encouraging active citizen participation in governance at all
levels, and fostering a sense of patriotism and good citizenship among the youth. 144 A youthful
population such as Ghana’s, constitutes a strong base for sustainable labour force and market
opportunities if state policies are able to empower them sufficiently to become competitive in the
labour market. The size of the young population expanded by as much as 80 percent between 2000
and 2021, with those aged 15-24 increasing by 79 percent, while the 25-35 group grew by 81
percent. 145

2.4.3.10 Development Communication

In 2022, Ministry of Information (MoI) set out to organise 60 Meet the Press Meetings for
Ministers.146 However, in the mid year review, the target was reset to 50. The number of ministers’
press meetings organised was 53. There were six Public Education Campaigns (PECs); to educate
the populace on key government policies and other pressing social issues, Greater Accra Resillient
and Integrated Development (GARID) project – social behavioural change campaign, GRA E-levy
Campaign, Street announcement (Women in ICT), Ghana National Household Registry (GNHR)
at Assin North, Green Ghana Campaign and Sanitation awareness on “Operation clean your
frontage” were executed.

Five Town Hall Meetings (THM) have been organised across the country. Four out of the five
were on E-levy and one was on the economy. The purpose was to offer explanations on the E-levy
and its importance for nation building as well as take feedback and inputs from relevant
stakeholders regarding its implementation. This cleared the misconception about it and created
some level of acceptability for the E-levy which eventually led to its passage.147

2.4.3.11 Culture for National Development

143
Ghana - United States Department of State. (2023, March 20). United States Department of State. https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-
country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/ghana
144
2021 Consolidated MDAs’ End-Year Report on the Budget Performance
145
2022 Final Policy Brief 14th NDF, National Development Planning Commission
146
2022 Programme Based Budgeting, Ministry of Information
147
2023 Programme Based Budgeting, Ministry of Information

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In Ghana, culture plays a crucial role in the country's development. There are various aspects of
culture that contribute to the growth and unity of Ghanaian society. One remarkable example is
the "Chale Wote" Street Art Festival in Accra. This event celebrates contemporary art, music, and
cultural expression, drawing artists, musicians, and enthusiasts from all over Ghana and beyond.
It creates a lively atmosphere for creativity, cultural exchange, and social interactions. The
festival's street art displays and live performances not only add vibrancy to the city but also
strengthen community bonds and foster a shared identity.148 Another significant festival is the
Odwira Festival, observed by the Akan people, particularly the Akwapim and Akyem
communities. This week-long celebration marks the end of the traditional Akan calendar year and
the beginning of a new one. It involves purification rituals, processions, drumming, and dancing,
all aimed at renewing communal bonds, honoring ancestors, and seeking divine blessings for the
coming year. The Odwira Festival highlights the importance of cultural heritage in promoting unity
and a shared sense of purpose among the Akan people.149 Although there are a couple of festivals
that attract many people across the world, most celebrations only involve small communities and
villages. Revenues are generated by the various celebrating communities from the sale of artifacts
associated to the festivals. The generated revenues fund some developmental projects in the
various communities.

Internal tourism is another essential aspect of Ghanaian culture, encouraging the exploration of its
diverse landscapes and historical sites. For instance, the Cape Coast Castle, a UNESCO World
Heritage Site, serves as a strong reminder of Ghana's history, particularly its role in the transatlantic
slave trade. Visiting such sites fosters cultural understanding among tourists while also supporting
the local economy Preserving cultural heritage during times of crisis and conflict is vital for
Ghana's security. Protecting historical sites like the Larabanga Mosque and the Ashanti Kingdom's
royal palaces safeguards Ghana's identity and promotes stability within the country. 150

Ghana’s foods are generally very diverse, with different specialties for each tribe, but the basic
staples include a maize or millet base with meat, mushroom, fish, chicken or snail rich sauce.
These dishes are important because they show the country's culture and bring people together.
When Ghana promotes its local food, it helps the environment and the country’s economy.151

The observed number of chieftaincy disputes made by Ministry of Chieftancy and Religious
Affairs (MoCRA) increased in 2022 compared to 2021 with the total count of new cases increasing
to 47 from 42. The overall count of cases of chieftaincy-related disputes also increased to 492
cases in 2022 from 402 cases in 2021. Furthermore, 20 LIs still remained unaltered at the pre-
legislation phase. These LIs are related to succession of Stools or Skins.152

148
The GNA. (2022, August 19). Chale Wote Street Art Festival: Euphoria ahead of weekend revelry. Ghana News Agency.
https://gna.org.gh/2022/08/chale-wote-street-art-festival-euphoria-ahead-of-weekend-revelry/
149
https://hospitalitygh.com/akuapem-odwira-festival/
150
https://whc.unesco.org/fr/etatsparties/gh
151
https://mfa.gov.gh/index.php/about-ghana/culture/
152
2022 Annual Progress Report, Ministry of Chieftaincy and Religious Affairs

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 2.4.3.12 Strengthening Ghana’s Role in International Affairs
This focus area highlights strengthening Ghana’s role in international affairs. The objectives
include: Enhance Ghana’s International Image and Influence; Promote Ghana’s Political and
Economic Interests Abroad; and Integrate Ghanaian Diaspora in National Development.

a) Enhance Ghana’s International Image and Influence

The President of the Republic, as part of enhancing Ghana’s influence and international image
participated in the One Ocean Summit held in Brest, France, at the invitation of the French
President. The goal of the One Ocean Summit was to raise awareness of the international
community on marine issues and to translate the awareness into tangible commitments towards
the ocean’s sustainability. Ghana’s delegation led by The President of the Republic, also
participated in the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in 2022. The president also
served as the Co-Chair of the UN’s SDGs Advisory Unit.
Number of Ghanaians occupying positions in international organisations: In 2022, the
Candidatures Unit at Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration (MFARI) helped to get
six Ghanaians into positions in international organisations to enhance Ghana’s International Image
and Influence. This exceeded the target of three by 100 percent. With the assistance of Ghanaian
diplomats and diaspora working in the UN, Ghana successfully presented its second VNR report
on the implementation of 2030 Agenda at the 2022 UN HLPF in New York in July alongside 44
countries. The report was coordinated by NDPC for the SDGs Implementation Coordinating
Committee in Ghana.

b) Promote Ghana’s Political and Economic Interests Abroad

To promote Ghana’s political and economic interests abroad, 155 foreign markets were identified
for Ghanaian products. In 2022, Non-Traditional Exports (NTEs) reached US$3,531,048,234, a 6
percent growth over US$3,330,317,588 in 2021. This made up 20.22 percent of the total
merchandise exports for the year. Export of NTEs to markets of ECOWAS member states
increased in value due to export of articles of plastics to Burkina Faso. The European Union (EU)
and United Kingdom (UK) markets imported US$1,125.96 million value of NTEs. Cocoa paste,
cashew nuts, cocoa butter, iron and steel circles, rods, sheets, billets, articles of plastic, aluminum
plates, sheets, and coils, canned tuna, natural rubber sheets, cocoa powder, and shea oil were the
top ten out of a total of 604 NTE products for 2022. Cocoa paste was the highest NTE earner
(US$520 million) followed by Cashew nuts (US$294.2 million). The most prominent market
destinations for Ghana’s NTEs were ECOWAS (34.59%); EU and UK (31.90%); other developed
countries (1.40%); rest of Africa (9.57%); and emerging countries (22.43%).
Number of protocols on African open skies implemented: In 2022, no protocol was
implemented. Efforts continued towards transcontinental programmes, to create an enabling
environment for the African air space under the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM).
Ghana held Bilateral Air Services Agreement negotiation meeting with six YD/SAATM member
states: Senegal, Togo, Morocco, Cote D'Ivoire, Niger and Sierra Leone.

Page 111 of 245

c) Integrate Ghanaian Diaspora in National Development
As at 2022, Ghana had still not established a diaspora database. MFARI and EC continued efforts
to develop the database to capture data of Ghanaians living abroad. The database would help
promote the diaspora as prime movers of the economy due to their multiple roles as remittance
providers, investors, philanthropists and innovators.
Number of Ghanaians abroad who participate in general elections: In 2022, the
Representation of the People’s Amendment Act (ROPAA) Act and Constitutional Review
Commission (CRC) reports were reviewed with the object to continue the integration of Ghanaians
in the diaspora in national development. In addition, Ghanaians in the foreign missions, the UN
offices and students on Ghana government scholarship were registered.

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 2.4.4 Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations
This section focuses on key challenges faced by Ghana in Governance, Corruption and Public
Accountability. It also indicates proferred recommendations to the identified challenges this
dimension faces (Table 2.4.1)

Table 2.4.1: Key challenges and recommendations for Governance, Corruption and Public Accountability
No Challenges Recommendations
1.  Ineffective advocacy NDPC should collaborate with MoI, NMC, NCCE, Media Houses,
strategies by relevant PRINPAG, GJA, GIBA, IPR to:
institutions responsible  strengthen capacity of the media to play watchdog role;
for public education  support the Media Capacity Enhancement Programme (MCEP);
 establish appropriate framework for collaborative engagement with
the media.
2.  Insufficient funding of NDPC should collaborate with MoI, NMC, NCCE, Media Houses,
development PRINPAG, GJA to:
communication  provide sustainable financing for development communication
3.  Delay in establishment of EC should collaborate with NDPC, NIA, MFARI, MoF, GIS to:
a database on Ghanaians  find measures to develop a database for Ghanaians in the diaspora
in the Diaspora
4.  The trading potential in MOTI to collaborate with GEPA, MOFA, MOFAD, MFARI, GIPC, MoF
AfCFTA not fully to:
harnessed.  increase trading in the AfCFTA in partnership with local assemblies
and the private sector.
5.  Human rights issues in CHRAJ should collaborate with NDPC, MDAs, RCCs, MMDAs, to:
the business environment  develop a resilient NAP on BHR to combat modern slavery that will
eliminate discrimination against vulnerable persons to promote
decent work
6.  Slow pace of the NVIS NIA should partner with relevant institutions to:
on-boarding process  expedite the NVIS on-boarding process;
 execute the of MoU signed between NIA and PIs, as required by the
National Identity Register Act, 2008 (Act 750).
7.  Low share of central MoF- CAGD /NDPC should collaborate with OoP and MLGDRD to:
government transfers to  revise all projects and prioritise in alignment with MTNDP;
MMDAs in total national  ensure that there is no indexation to foreign currency in awarding new
receipt contracts and no advance mobilisation payment clauses;
 implement the relevant recommendations of the review of
government flagship programmes.

 Drop in Ghana’s ranking NMC should collaborate with MoI, Media Houses, PRINPAG, GJA,
8 on the Press Freedom GIBA, IPR and other stakeholders to:
Index  improve the safety of journalists and the media;
 fully capacitate the coordinated mechanism for the safety of
journalists;
 promote responsible journalism

Page 113 of 245

 2.5. Linking The 2022 Budget to The Agenda for Jobs

2.5.1 Introduction
This section of the APR focuses on the 2022 government priorities within the MTNDPF, 2022-
2025. The section examined the expenditure on governments flagship programmes by
development dimension and sector allocation and expenditure for 2022.

A total number of 18 government flagship programmes were identified in 2022.153 Data was
available for 12 government priority projects and programmes identified under the various
dimensions.154 These were: Fish Landing Sites; Railways Development; Roads Infrastructure;
Water and Sanitation Initiative; Zongo Development Fund; Infrastructure for Poverty Eradication
Programme (SDI Secretariat and Dev't Authorities); Regional Reorganisation and Development;
Free Senior High School Programme; Teacher Trainee Allowances; Nursing Trainee Allowances;
School Feeding Programme; Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty; Micro Finance and Small
Loans Centre; Nation Builders Corps; National Identification Authority; Planting for Food and
Jobs; One-District, One-Factory (1D1F); and Business Development initiatives.

Eight additional new initiatives were identified with actual payments. These were: Subsidy for
2018 BECE/WASSCE; Transfer to YEA; GhanaCARES; YouStart; One Teacher One Laptop;
Scholarship for Second Cycle Schools; COVID-19 Vaccines; and Operation Vanguard (Anti-
Galamsey Operations and REGSEC).

However, data was unavailable for 6 government flagship programmes identified under the various
dimensions see Appendix V.

2.5.2 Key Performance Indices

Actual payments made for government flagship projects and programmes in 2022 include:
i. LEAP beneficiaries - GHS100,409,470.85
ii. National School Feeding Programme -GHS 666,079,276.09
iii. Free SHS - GHS1,607,421,978.69
iv. National Identification Programme - GHS106,005,139.24
v. YouStart Programme - GHS25,000,000.00
vi. Teacher Training Allowance -GHS233,420,902.01

153
2022 National Annual Progress Report Indicator Data Collection Matrix-Linking the 2022 Budget to the Agenda for Jobs II, National
Development Planning Commission
154
2023 Controller and Accountant General, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit-Matrix on Actual Payment of Government Flagship Projects and
Programmes

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 2.5.3 Progress of Implementation
Expenditure on governments flagship projects and programmes by development dimension
In 2022, the total budget allocation for government flagship projects and programmes was GHS
9.07 billion with total actual payments of GHS3.53 billion representing 38.95 percent of total
budget allocation (Table 2.5.1 & Figure 2.5.1).
Economic Dimension
The following government flagship projects and programmes: 1D1F; MASLOC; NABCo;
Business Development initiatives; and PFJ were allocated government’s budgetary resources and
actual payments made under the economic dimension for 2022 (Table 2.5.1). Out of the five
government flagship projects and programmes under the economic dimension, PFJ was paid
GHS612.40 million155 from its budget allocation of GHS614.05 million.156 Only 0.27 percent of
the budget allocation was not released. One District One Factory was paid GHS8.15 million157
from its budget allocation of GHS1 billion158 representing only 3.77 percent of the budget
allocation.
Social Dimension
The following government flagship projects and programmes: National School Feeding
Programme; LEAP; Teacher Trainee Allowances; Nursing Trainee Allowances; and Free SHS
were allocated government’s budgetary resources and actual payments made under the social
dimension for 2022 (Table 2.5.1). Out of the five government flagship projects and programmes
under the social dimension, GHS233.42 million was paid for Teacher Trainee Allowances from
its budget allocation of GHS241.91 million, with 3.51 percent of its budget outstanding. The LEAP
programme received 50.83 percent of its budget allocation.
Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlement Dimension
The following government flagship projects and programmes: Fish Landing Sites; Railways
Development; Roads Infrastructure; Water and Sanitation Initiative; Zongo Development Fund;
and Infrastructure for Poverty Eradication Programme were allocated government’s budgetary
resources and actual payments made under the Environment, Infrastructure and Human Settlement
dimension for 2022 (Table 2.5.1). Out of the six government flagships projects and programmes
under the dimension only Zongo Development Fund recorded actual payment for the year. A total

155
Appendix V
156
2022 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government
157
Appendix V
158
2022 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government

Page 115 of 245

of GHS154.20 million was budgeted for the Zongo Development Fund and an actual payment of
GHS7.65 million made with 95.04 percent of its budget still outstanding159.
Governance Dimension
The following government flagship projects and programmes: Regional Reorganisation and
Development; and NIP were allocated government’s budgetary resources and actual payments
made under the governance dimension for 2022 (See Table 2.5.1). Out of these two government
flagship projects and programmes under the governance dimension, only NIP received payments
towards its budget. NIP was paid GHS 106 million 160 from its budget allocation of GHS 200
million161.

Table 2.5.1 Flagship Programmes and Projects by Development Dimension

Development Flagship Project/New 2022 Budgetary Actual Payment Variance (C)= B-A Variance (percent)
Dimension Initiative Allocation (GH¢) (GH¢) © D=C/A*100
(A)
Micro Finance and Small Loans 50,000,000 12,558,510.08 -37,441,489.92 -74.88
Centre
Economic Nation Builders Corps 520,000,000 178,000,000.00 -342,000,000.00 -65.77
Development
Planting for Food and Jobs 614,056,000 612,397,081.91 -1,658,918.09 -0.27
One District One Factory 216,296,000 8,154,714.79 -208,141,285.21 -96.23
Programme
Business Development 15,535,000 - -15,535,000.00 -100

Social Free Senior High School 2,299,999,000 1,607,421,978.69 -692,577,021.31 -30.11

Development Programme
Teacher Trainee Allowances 241,913,000 233,420,902.01 -8,492,097.99 -3.51
Nursing Trainee Allowances 265,200,000 -265,200,000.00 -100.00
School Feeding Programme 881,000,000 666,079,276.09 -214,920,723.91 -24.40
Livelihood Empowerment 197,535,000 100,409,470.85 -97,125,529.15 -49.17
Against Poverty

Governance Regional Reorganisation and 210,000,000 - -210,000,000.00 -100.00

Development
National Identification 200,000,000 106,005,139.24 -93,994,860.76 -47.00
Authority

Environment Fish Landing Sites 77,200,000 - -77,200,000.00 -100.00

Infrastructure
Railways Development 216,340,000 - -216,340,000.00 -100.00
and Human
Settlement Roads Infrastructure 1,735,272,000 - -1,735,272,000.00 -100.00
Water and Sanitation Initiative 147,999,000 - -147,999,000.00 -100.00
Zongo Development Fund 154,200,000 7,646,429.33 -146,553,570.67 -95.04
Infrastructure for Poverty 1,024,650,000 - -1,024,650,000.00 -100.00
Eradication Programme (SDI

159
2022 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government
160
Appendix V
161
2022 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government

Page 116 of 245

 Secretariat and Dev't
Authorities)
Total 9,067,195,000 3,532,093,502.99 -5,535,101,497.01 -61.05
Source: 2022 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government and Controller and Accountant Generals Department

Figure 2.5.1 Budget and Actual Payment s For Flagship Programmes and Projects
4.50 0.00
4.00
-20.00
3.50
3.00 -40.00
2.50
-60.00
2.00
Billions

1.50 -80.00
1.00
-100.00
0.50
0.00 -120.00
Environment
Economic Social Infrastructure and
Governance
Development Development Human
Settlement
Budgetry Allocation 1,415,887,000 3,885,647,000 410,000,000 3,355,661,000
Actual Payment 811,110,306.78 2,607,331,627.64 106,005,139.24 7,646,429.33
Varience (%) -42.71 -32.90 -74.15 -99.77

Budgetry Allocation Actual Payment Varience (%)

Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Ministry of Finance and Controller and Accountant Generals Department

Expenditure on other government flagship projects and programmes

A total of 8 new initiatives were identified as other government flagship projects and programmes
for 2022. These were Subsidy for 2018 BECE/WASSCE; Transfers to YEA; GhanaCARES;
YouStart; One Teacher One Laptop; Scholarship for Second Cycle Schools; COVID-19 Vaccines;
and Operation Vanguard (Anti-Galamsey Operations and REGSEC). These identified government
flagships projects and programmes were allocated government’s budgetary resources and actual
payments. A total of GHS1.2 billion was made as actual payments to these projects and
programmes (Table 2.5.2).
An actual payment of GHS343.48 million was made for COVID-19 Vaccines from its budget
allocation of GHS300 million. Actual payment made for COVID-19 Vaccines exceeded the
budgeted allocation by 14.49 percent. YouStart was paid GHS25 million162 from its budget
allocation of GHS1 billion163. Only 2.5 percent of the budget allocation was paid.
Table 2.5.2: Other Initiatives
New Initiative 2022 Budgetary Actual Payment Variance (C)= B-A Variance (percent)
Allocation (GH¢) (GH¢) © D=C/A*100
(A)
Subsidy for 2018 BECE/WASSCE 0 22,000,000.00 22,000,000.00 -
Transfers to YEA 0 236,269,550.35 236,269,550.35 -
GhanaCARES 1,033,000,000.00 177,812,871.00 -855,187,129.00 -82.79
YouStart 1,000,000,000.00 25,000,000.00 -975,000,000.00 -97.50

162
Appendix V
163
2022 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government

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 One Teacher One Laptop 0 157,614,515.55 157,614,515.55 -
Scholarship for Second Cycle Schools 0 233,000,000.00 233,000,000.00 -
COVID-19 Vaccines 300,000,000.00 343,477,403.87 43,477,403.87 14.49
Operation Vanguard (Anti-Galamsey 20,201,000.00 2,088,500.00 -18,112,500.00 -89.66
Operations and REGSEC)
Total 2353201000 1,197,262,840.77 -1,155,938,159.23 -49.12
Source: 2022 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government and Controller and Accountant Generals Department

Summary of Sector Allocation and Expenditure

In 2022, a total of GHS59.61 billion was budgeted for administration, economic, infrastructure,
social, and public safety sectors, compared to GHS48.16 billion budgeted for 2021.The variance
for 2022 and 2021 budget estimates was GHS11.46 billion. The sector with the highest budget was
social with an allocation of GHS30.68 billion representing 51.46 percent of the total budget.
Furthermore, the sector with the second highest budget was public safety with an allocation of
GHS9.2 billion representing 15.52 percent of the total budget. Also, the infrastructure sector
budget allocation was GHS7.24 billion, representing 12.14 percent of the total budget. Finally, the
economic sector budget allocation for 2022 was GHS4.41 billion, which was the lowest of the five
sectors representing 7.39 percent of the budget allocation (Figure 2.5.2).
Figure 2.5.2: Sector Expenditure Allocation by Year

35 30.68
30

25
24.85
20

15
Billions

10 8.04 7.24 9.25

4.41
5 7.60 7.15
4.35 4.23
0
Administration Economic Infrastructure Social Public Safety
2021
7595554868 4345732985 4225382831 24848402803 7148205234
Budget
2022
8044073000 4406587000 7236165000 30681014000 9250664000
Budget 2021 Budget 2022 Budget

Source: NDPC Construct-Data from Ministry of Finance Ministry of Finance, Budget Statement 2021-2022

Page 118 of 245

 2.5.4 Key challenges and policy recommendation
The key challenges and policy recommendations of the dimension are summarised in Table 2.5.3

Table 2.5.3: Challenges and Recommendation

No Challenges Recommendation
1 Limited resources released for NDPC should collaborate with MoF, OoP and Parliament to:
implementation of government
flagship projects and  review all government flagship projects and programmes/ new
programmes/new initiatives initiatives
 implement relevant recommendations from the review of
government flagship programmes under the Public Expenditure
Review (PER) exercise 164

2 Unavailable data on government NDPC/MoF-Public Investment Desk (PID) should collaborate with
flagship projects and programmes all public institutions to:
 assess the targets of Public Investment Management (PIM
indicators
 improve on project targeting, design, preparation, delivery and
dissemination.
 conduct performance monitoring

3 Delay in submission of reports on NDPC must collaborate with MoF/DPs/MES and OoP to:
government flagship projects and
programmes  monitor and report on the implementation and financing of
government flagship projects and programmes
 evaluate government flagship projects and programmes e.g.,
Ghana CARES Obaatanpa Programme.

4 Limited sector budget allocations NDPC should collaborate with MoF and DPs to:
and releases to support the economy
 release commensurate budgetary allocations to all sectors
 make sectors self-sustaining.
 improve upon the infrastructural deficit.

164
2023 Budget Implementation Instructions issued by the Minister of Finance, Ministry of Finance

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 2.6. Emergency Planning and Management
2.6.1 Introduction
This dimension of the report covers achievements made in building resilience to withstand threats
of different dimensions, including the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to this pandemic, Ghana
has explicitly integrated a new development pillar; emergency planning and response-that aims to
build resilience to withstand different types of shocks. It also identifies the progress toward
achieving the key policy objectives that seek to improve proactive planning and implementation
for disaster prevention and mitigation; enhance capacity for surveillance and management of
epidemics and pandemics; strengthen national preparedness against cybercrime and terrorism;
minimising the incidence of organised crime; ensuring the safety of life, property and social
wellbeing; and enhancing relief operations and humanitarian welfare.

This assessment included seven focus areas namely: Hydro-meteorological, Geological,

Biological, and Anthropogenic threats, Technology and Security, Relief Operation and
Humanitarian Assistance of Disaster Victims and COVID-19 Pandemic with thirty-nine
indicators. In all, three out of seven focus areas have available data and these are,
Hydrometeorological, Biological, and Technological and Security Threats. Other critical
indicators were without data. These were: Regional and district capitals implementing City
Resilience action plan; DRR committees established among the National and all Regional House
of Chiefs; Proportion of DRR planning/coordination meetings held with the involvement of
traditional leaders; and Earthquake Early Warning Systems. Others were Constitutional law/Act
covering emergency preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation enacted; National
emergency preparedness and response plan developed; National Contingency Planning Board
(NCPB) set up.

2.6.2 Key Performance Indices

Notable performance indices in 2022 include:
i. Data was collated to draft the Ghana Plan of Action for Disaster Risk Reduction and
Climate Change Adaptation.
ii. A total of 152 MMDAs have prepared disaster risk reduction (DRR) plans.
iii. Government supported 21,935 disaster victims and responded to 1,552 emergencies.
iv. A total of 2,521,580 tests have been conducted since the outbreak of COVID-19 with a
positivity rate of 6.8.
v. Government has placed vaccination as the major COVID-19 prevention strategy with
12,034,108 Persons (37.9 percent of the total population) receiving at least 1 dose,
8,977,750 persons (28.3 percent of total population) fully vaccinated and 2,544,214
Persons receiving at least one Booster dose.
vi. communities recorded as trained were 6,271 exceeding the target of 5,200 communities
vii. Government rescued 846 trafficked persons in 2022.
viii. Establishment of the National Vaccine Institute

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 ix. The Cyber Security Authority (CSA), developed draft frameworks for licensing
cybersecurity operators and developed frameworks for accreditation of sectoral Computer
Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) to boost the resilience of critical sector
infrastructure against cyber-attacks. 165
x. Impact assessments conducted to determine the ammonium nitrate levels in the Western
North region.
xi. Establishment of a GHS500 million special credit programme – the DBG Emergency
Economic Programme (DEEP).
xii. The National Disaster Management Organisation (NADMO) held 6,229 public education
programmes on major hazards.
xiii. Government organised 5,775 field trips for assessment and monitoring, and 89 simulation
exercises on flooding and other disasters.
xiv. Government engaged 2,163 communities in disaster risk reduction, dredged and desilted
408 drains.

2.6.3 Progress of implementation

Hydrometeorological Threats

In 2022, National Disaster Management Organisation (NADMO) engaged 60 experts in a meeting

on critical disaster risk reduction, managing disasters and similar emergencies. The meeting sought
to enhance the ability to have access to sufficient data that speaks to critical issues on what will
happen, when it will happen, how it will happen, where it will happen, who will be impacted and
what is to be done to reduce the impact on the vulnerable population. In line with this, NADMO
through the United States Embassy collaborated with the Pacific Disaster Centre (PDC) to
undertake a capacity-building exercise on the use of the Disaster Aware Platform, which was
useful for the 12 months National Disaster Preparedness Baseline Assessment for Ghana.166
Recorded incidences of disasters across the country: In 2022, the country recorded a total
number of 2,426 disaster incidences across the country with the most common disasters being
wind/rainstorms, domestic fires, floods, and bushfires. The current development dynamics and
demographic changes in Ghana put more people at risk from disasters as a result of increasing
rural poverty, rapid urbanization, growth of informal settlements, poor urban governance, and
declining ecosystem and land conditions. The number of recorded incidences of disasters across
the country increased to 2,426 in 2022 from 1,926 in 2021. In response, MESTI, through the EPA,

165
2023 Annual Budget Statement Estimates, Ministry of Communication and Digitalisation
166
National Disaster Management Organisation - NADMO & Partners Begins National Disaster Preparedness Baseline Assessment Training.
(n.d.). Www.nadmo.gov.gh. Retrieved May 11, 2023, from https://www.nadmo.gov.gh/index.php/12-nadmo-articles/69-nadmo-
partners-begins-national-disaster-preparedness-baseline-assessment-training

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conducted two impact assessments of the environment to determine the ammonium nitrate levels
due to the dynamite explosion that resulted in the loss of lives and properties at Apiatse in the
Western Region, Additionally, EPA collaborated with stakeholders to provide emergency escort
services for licensed transporters and dealers of hazardous substances.
Communities trained in disaster management and prevention: A total of 152 MMDAs have
prepared disaster risk reduction (DRR) plans as against the target of 144. NADMO held 6,229
public education programmes on major hazards, 5,775 field trips for assessment and monitoring,
and 89 simulation exercises on flooding and other disasters. It also engaged 2,163 communities in
disaster risk reduction, dredged and desilted 408 drains, and responded to 1,552 emergencies. In
addition, NADMO supported 15,772 disaster victims, and collated data to draft the Ghana Plan of
Action for DRR and Climate Change Adaptation. A number of communities were trained in
disaster prevention and management (bushfires and flooding). The targeted number of
communities to be trained was 5,200. However, communities recorded as trained were 6,271 due
to the expression of interest by other communities. The training included public education
exercises to sensitise the populace on major hazards; undertaking field trips for assessment; and
conducting simulation exercises on flooding.

Deaths, missing persons, and directly affected persons by disaster per 100,000 population:
The number of deaths, missing persons, and directly affected persons by disaster per 100,000
population reduced to 456 in 2022 from 682 in 2021 as shown in Figure 2.6.1. Notwithstanding,
the Government of Ghana through NADMO has been implementing interventions to train
communities on disaster prevention and management.
Figure 2.6.1: Number of incidences of disaster and deaths, missing persons and directly affected by disasters per 100,000 population
3000 2479 2426
1926
2000 1413
1184
682
1000

0
2020 2021 2022

Incidence of Disaster Disaster Per 100,000 Population

Source: NDPC Construct-Data from National Disaster Management Organisation, 2022

Number of RCCs and MMDAs with Disaster Reduction Plans: In 2022, it was reported that
most MMDAs did not have a Disaster Preparedness Action Plan and implementation report.
Currently, 152 MMDAs, have disaster risk reduction plans and NADMO collated data to draft the
Ghana Plan of Action for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation.167

167
Budget, N. (2022). The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government of Ghana for the 2023 Financial Year Ken Ofori-Atta
Minister for Finance

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National Action Plan for Sendai Framework: The National Disaster Management Organization,
in attempt to finish work on the National Action Plan in 2022 prepared a zero draft on the National
Action Plan on the Sendai Framework, the finalization of the risk assessment report will inform
the preparation of the National Disaster Risk Reduction strategy and the action plan to implement
the Sendai Framework.
Geological Threats
Ghana is at risk to droughts, coastal erosion, floods and landslides. Current development and
demographic changes in Ghana put more people at risk from disasters as a result of increasing
rural poverty, rapid urbanization, growth of informal settlements, poor urban governance, and
declining ecosystem and land conditions. Ghana is vulnerable to floods, particularly in the northern
Savannah belt, and faces associated risks of landslides. The recurrence of both floods and droughts
in the northern Savannahs have become a common phenomenon, often associated with high
temperatures and intense heat. Areas around Accra, including the Akosombo dam are exposed to
seismic hazards
Existence of administrative framework on information flow: In 2022, the administrative
framework on information flow did not exist. The number of vulnerable buildings in earthquake
and landslide high-risk zones mapped out within 30 percent coverage area had a target risk
quantified as 15 percent with no actual data for 2022. Ghana is vulnerable to increasing aridity,
droughts and extreme rainfall events and flooding, and faces significant challenges from a
changing climate to its ecology, economy, and society.
Biological Threats
Biological hazards are of organic origin or conveyed by biological vectors, including pathogenic
microorganisms, toxins and bioactive substances. Examples are bacteria, viruses or parasites, as
well as venomous wildlife and insects, poisonous plants and mosquitoes carrying disease-causing
agents. The African Development Fund approved a grant facility to Ghana. The grant will support
the University of Ghana to build three facilities for microbiological research and training,
biotechnological research and nursing, and midwifery research and training under the High 5s Post
COVID-19 Report. 168 The capacity-building aspect of the project will involve skills trainng for
lecturers, researchers and health workers in higher institutions of education and health-related
fields at the University of Ghana. This support will help increase human resource capacity to
manage current and future diseases in Ghana.

Constitutional law/act covering emergency: The constitutional law/act covering emergency

preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation is yet to be enacted.

National Emergency preparedness and response plan developed: In 2022, the draft
International Health Regulation (IHR) has been prepared for Ghana.

168
https://www.afdb.org

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 Anthropogenic Threats
Anthropogenic hazards, or human-induced hazards, are induced entirely or predominantly by
human activities and choices such as plastic use and indiscriminate disposal of waste. This term
does not include the occurrence or risk of armed conflicts and other situations of social instability
or tension which are subject to international humanitarian law and national legislation. Ghana faces

National Contingency Planning Board: The Executive instrument of the National Contingency
Planning Board is ready for parliamentary approval.

Number of well-resourced emergency centres established: In 2022, the number of well-

resourced emergency centres stood at six regional and 41 district centres against the target of one
national, 10 regional and 11 district centres. This brings the total number of emergency centres in
the country to one national, 16 regional and 52 district centres.
Technological Threats
The Cyber Security Authority (CSA), developed draft frameworks for licensing cybersecurity
operators and developed frameworks for accreditation of sectoral Computer Emergency Response
Teams (CERTs) to boost the resilience of critical sector infrastructure against cyber-attacks. The
Ministry of Energy in conjunction with the Cyber Security Authority (CSA), constituted an Energy
Sector Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) to boost the resilience of critical energy
sector infrastructure against cyber-attacks. In an attempt to support the security and intelligence
agencies, the Ministry of National Security (MNS) provided the intelligence agencies with end-
user terminals and maintenance support for deployed CCTV monitoring stations for the relevant
security and intelligence operations. In addition, the Ministry managed the Emergency
Communication System (Emergency number 112) and improved coordination among the
responding agencies to effectively address emergencies received from the public. Adoption of AI
has more than doubled since 2017 though the proportion of organisations using AI has increased
between 50 and 60 percent for the past few years. AI applications that are in physical contact with
humans or integrated into the human body could pose safety risks as they may be poorly designed,
misused or hacked. Poorly regulated use of AI in weapons could lead to loss of human control
over dangerous weapons. Imbalances of access to information could be exploited. For example,
based on a person's online behaviour or other data and without their knowledge, an online vendor
can use AI to predict if someone is willing to pay, or a political campaign can adapt their message.
Another transparency issue is that sometimes it can be unclear to people whether they are
interacting with AI or a person. An important challenge is to determine who is responsible for
damage caused by an AI-operated device or service.

Security Threats
The 2022 performance recorded that the National Commission on Small Arms and Light Weapons
(NCSALW) initiated marking of all newly procured weapons of the GIS. In addition, the

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Commission collaborated with the GPS to identify 424 confiscated illicit small arms in Police
Exhibit Stores and Armouries in the Bono-East Region. The GNFS in 2022, attended to 4,995 fire
outbreaks, 24 flood rescue operations, 486 road traffic collision incidents, organized 8,174 public
fire safety education programs, inspected 7,295 premises, issued 3,737 new fire certificates,
renewed 10,601 fire certificates, and trained 820 fire volunteers. In addition, the Service completed
the construction of dormitory blocks with classrooms and a dining hall at the Fire Academy
Training School (FATS) in Accra. Government rescued 846 trafficked persons in 2022. The
National Peace Council, organised a two-day public dialogue and sensitisation program on violent
extremism and terrorism at Aflao, Sampa, Bongo and Elubo. In addition, the Council intervened
in the Bawku and the Dorba-Kadinga conflicts.

The MNS established a new National Intelligence Bureau operational office at Agbogba, Accra in
2022 and this has enhanced the operational efficiency of the internal security agency. The Ministry
also leveraged on the capabilities of the Integrated National Security Communications
Enhancement Project to provide communications and video surveillance across the country to
support the operations of the security and intelligence agencies.169

Relief Operation and Humanitarian Assistance for Disaster Victims

Government, in 2022 continued drainage improvement works to mitigate the disaster risks
associated with flooding in various parts of the country, while minimising the economic losses that
are associated with the floods. Accordingly, MWH continued with the implementation of the
national flood control programs across the country.

Disaster Management: The total number of disasters across the country was 2,426 occurrences
in 2022, above the 2022 target of 1884, and also an increase compared to 2021 occurences of
1,926. The common disasters experienced within the year included floods, domestic fires,
wind/rainstorm and bush fires. In 2022, the total death per 100,000 population was 423.
Disaster Victims supported with relief items: The number of persons affected by disaster who
were supported with relief items were 21,935 victims. In 2022, NADMO undertook the following
activities shown in Table 2.6.1.
Table 2.6.1: Educational Programmes, Field Trips, Disaster Victims Support
S/N Action Frequency of Action
1 Public education programs on major hazards 6,229
2 Field trips for assessment and monitoring 5,775
3 Simulation exercises on flooding and other disasters 89
4 Community engagements in disaster risk reduction 2,163
5 Drains dredged and desilted 408
6 Emergency responses 1,552
7 Disaster victims supported 15,772
Source: NDPC Construct-Data National Disaster Management Organisation, 2022

169
Budget, N. (2022). The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government of Ghana for the 2023 Financial Year Ken Ofori-Atta
Minister for Finance THEME: Restoring and Sustaining Macroeconomic Stability and Resilience for Inclusive Growth & Value
Addition. https://mofep.gov.gh/sites/default/files/budget-statements/2023-Budget-Statement_v4.pdf

Page 125 of 245

In addition, NADMO supported disaster victims, and collated data to draft the Ghana Plan of
Action for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation.

COVID-19 Response Initiatives

By the end of 2022, the cummulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 was 171,008 with an active
case count of 23 and 1,461 deaths. The adverse impact of COVID-19 highlighted the importance
of expanding social protection programs across all categories to reduce the vulnerability of the
chronically poor, economically at risk and the socially vulnerable. Some social vulnerabilities such
as psychological distress, gender-based violence, child abuse and child labour were exacerbated
during the peak of the pandemic. In the field of education, many children particularly in the rural
areas and poor households could not access distance learning services because of lack of remote
learning materials such as televisions, mobile devices, and internet.

Post-COVID support for SMEs: The Board of DBG approved the establishment of a GHS500
million special credit programme – the DBG Emergency Economic Programme (DEEP). The
objective of the project is to support businesses in the agribusiness value chain at preferential rates
over the next five years to build economic resilience and lay the foundation for accelerated growth.
The priority sectors are poultry, rice and cereals, pharmaceutical manufacturing, tourism, and
textiles and garments.
The Post-Covid-19 Skills Development and Productivity Enhancement Project: The Africa
Development Bank Fund approved US$27.19 million grant for skills development infrastructure
to boost post COVID-19 recovery under the High 5s Post COVID-19 project. The project
comprises two interrelated technical components and a project management component, that is
being implemented by MoF from 2022 to 2027. The targeted primary beneficiaries include youth
and women operating small businesses and cooperatives, and people with disabilities. Overall, the
project will benefit at least 24,800 people directly and 50,000 indirectly. The project will also
enhance women’s access to credit, financial literacy and information sharing, with a focus on
impacting women-led Micro, Small and Medium-Scale Enterprise (MSMEs). In addition, the
project will provide a credit facility to support women and youth significantly affected by the
COVID-19 pandemic at affordable interest rates — 12 percent per annum. The Participating
Financial Institutions (PFIs) will provide the credit facility to avoid high-default rates associated
with government-sponsored credit schemes. The PFIs will ensure loan repayments and improve
the efficiency and timeliness of small-loan processing.170 The grant will also enhance higher-level
skills delivery in the health system in Ghana.

170
Bank, A. D. (2022, June 30). Ghana: African Development Fund approves $27.19 million grant for skills development infrastructure to boost
post Covid-19 recovery. African Development Bank - Building Today, a Better Africa Tomorrow. https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-
events/press-releases/ghana-african-development-fund-approves-2719-million-grant-skills-development-infrastructure-boost-post-
covid-19-recovery-52970

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NDPC/Global Evaluation Initiative: A concept note for the evaluation of the support under the
Ghana CARES ‘Obaatanpa’ programme prepared by NDPC was accepted by the World
Bank/Global Evaluation Initiative (GEI) to assess the coherence, effectiveness, and efficiency
based on the OECD evaluation criteria for the resources provided for the implementation of the
Ghana CARES ‘Obaatanpa’ programme. These resources were to support small businesses to
minimise the extent of business and job losses, household income losses, and pay cuts among
workers.

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 2.6.4 Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations
This section captures challenges identified within the COVID 19 and Emergency Response
Dimension in Table 2.6.2

Table 2.6.2: Key Challenges and Policy Recommendations

No Challenges Recommendations
1. Incidence of disasters across the country NADMO should collaborate with MoF, MoCD,
LUSPA, MMDAs, GMeT, CERGIS, AESL, Media,
GHA, CSOs-FBOs, NGOs, TAs to:
 provide timely and precise forecast in anticipation
of incidence of disasters
 enforce current design standards, urban planning
standard including building codes and storm drains
 provide proactive measures to adequately improve
all hydro-meteorological networks and existing
models for predicting coastal and inland flood
 inform stakeholders in anticipation of imminent
disasters
 intensify public education on earthquake
awareness and pre-disaster drills and urban
planning regulations.

2 Limited knowledge in the design and construction Academia/Research Institutions should collaborate
of earthquake resistant structures with MMDAs, MLGDRD, MWH, MRH, GSA, GGSA
and the Built Environment Professions to:

 improve capacity of engineers, architects and other

stakeholders on earthquake-resistance
construction;
 support research to catalyse interest in disaster risk
reduction;
 develop capacity to design resilient drainage
system and mitigate landslide risks
3. Delayed assessment of COVID-19 initiatives NDPC should collaborate with OoP, MoF, MoFA,
MiDA, and GEA, to:

 accelerate the processes for the evaluation of the

post COVID-19 initiatives

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 2.7. Implementation, Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation of The Agenda For Jobs
II Policy Framework In 2022
2.7.1 Introduction
The Implementation, Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation (ICME) dimension of the Agenda
for Jobs II policy framework seeks to improve development outcomes and ensure value for money
at the national, sector and sub-national levels. The specific objectives of the dimension are to:
improve plan implementation and coordination; strengthen monitoring and evaluation systems at
all levels; enhance the production and utilisation of statistics; improve resource mobilisation and
effectively manage its utilisation; and enhance knowledge management and learning.

The key drivers of ICME are financial, human and material (logistics) resources. Development
outcomes are likely to improve if these drivers are available in their right quantity and quality. The
purpose of this dimension of the 2022 National APR is to determine the status of these drivers,
and report on selected projects and programmes.

2.7.2 Key Performance Indices

i. Improved Internally Generated Fund (IGF) collection in the following MMDAs – Tatale
Sanguli, Talensi, Mpohor and Kwabre East;
ii. Innovative revenue generation strategies introduced: management supervision to ensure
receipts are properly accounted for and to block identified revenue leakages; daily visits to
markets for tolls; prosecution of defaulting property owners; introduction of payment for
tricycle rider tag – GHS 150 per year;
iii. Under the National Electrification Scheme, 354 of the targeted 520 communities representing
70.19 percent were connected to the national grid; and
iv. Street lighting initiatives for the six newly created regional capitals.

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 2.7.3 Progress of Implementation

Financing Development at the District, Regional and Sector Levels

The sub-section on the financial resource position of MMDAs, RCCs and MDAs consist of
revenue and expenditure performance of these state institutions during the year under review.

Revenue performance of MMDAs: An amount of GHS2.2 billion was raised as total income in
2022 by the 261 MMDAs. This amount mainly came from the District Assemblies Common Fund
(DACF), Members of Parliament Common Fund (MP’s CF), Persons with Disability Fund (PWD
Fund), HIV/AIDs Fund, Government of Ghana salaries (GOG), Responsiveness Factor Grants of
the Common Fund (DACF-RFG), Minerals royalties and, Modernising Agriculture in Ghana Fund
(MAG), RING II Project, Stool Land Revenue, Ghana Secondary City Support Programme
(GSCSP), Ghana Productivity Safety Net, and COVID-19 Fund.

A review of the district financial statements shows that total revenue receipt by all MMDAs
increased to GHS2,183,215,699.85 in 2022 from GHS1,874,100,151.29 in 2021 (Figure 2.7.1).
Total revenue grew to 16.49 percent in 2022 from 5.74 percent in 2021.

Figure 2.7.1: MMDAs Revenue Growth from 2017 to 2022

30 27.02 26.26
25 21.44
20 16.49
15
Rercentage

10

0
2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 -5.74
2020-2021 2021-2022
-5

-10
Years

Source: MMDAs 2022 APRs

The 2022 revenue data further shows that all the16 regions added less than 50 percent to their 2021
total revenue performance except for Bono region which grew its total revenue by 60.26 percent.
Central and North East regions achieved negative growth during the year (Table 2.7.1)

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Table 2.7.1: Revenue performance of MMDAs by regions
Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Percent Growth
Region
(GHS) (GHS) (GHS) coverage (GHS)
Bono 52,616,172.85 123,606,264.37 84,320,442.82 68.22 60.26
Western North 43,166,678.89 94,530,827.37 64,722,208.08 68.47 49.94
Western 146,182,625.79 249,629,241.83 187,486,847.81 75.11 28.26
Oti 26,007,560.62 57,185,084.82 32,588,877.77 56.43 25.31
Upper East 76,868,228.14 174,570,514.23 96,192,783.94 55.1 25.14
Volta 84,789,050.40 208,514,143.60 100,096,234.17 48 18.05
Greater Accra 381,945,813.36 583,766,370.93 448,488,744.34 75.85 17.42
Savannah 26,147,146.16 56,726,942.67 30,642,017.74 54.02 17.19
Eastern 220,804,459.46 406,247,364.23 256,823,966.10 64.61 16.31
Ashanti 358,008,781.04 646,399,722.32 415,440,384.37 64.27 16.04
Ahafo 48,345,469.64 80,409,970.98 54,368,260.59 67.61 12.46
Bono East 73,313,895.09 134,573,582.80 79,017,612.16 58.72 7.78
Northern 92,379,823.29 171,416,021.13 95,285,052.86 57.99 3.14
Upper West 53,314,717.16 105,171,641.39 53,409,146.05 50.78 0.18
Central 151,850,607.82 313,267,839.26 150,690,910.47 46.89 -0.76
North East 38,359,121.58 48,464,593.80 33,642,210.58 69.42 -12.3
Total 1,874,100,151.29 3,454,480,125.73 2,183,215,699.85 63.2 16.49
Source: MMDAs 2022 APR

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Banda, Garu, Anloga, and West Akim districts and Bekwai and Wenchi Municipalities were
among 21 MMDAs that recorded over 100 percent growth in total revenue in 2022. This
performance was better than the 2021 case where none of the districts recorded 100 percent growth
in total revenue. None of the six metropolitan assemblies falls in this category of districts (Table
2.7.2).

Reasons for the high revenue performance of five selected MMDAs

i) Banda District Assembly: The creation of revenue taskforce to follow up on demand

notice served on property owners within the Banda district together with the deployment
of a GIZ assisted revenue database (dLRev) and change in key members of the management
team of the district assembly helped to collect property rate and building permits fees that
were not paid. The dLRev database of the assembly made it possible to collect property
rate from several property owners including the Bui Power Authority. Significant revenue
was also collected from Modernising Agriculture in Ghana (MAG) and Fulani herdsmen
who brought their cattle to graze in the district.
ii) Wenchi Municipal Assembly: The Assembly’s performance could be explained by the
arrears of DACF allocations received by the Assembly in 2022. The Assembly designed a
tag for tricycle riders within their space and these tags require each rider to pay GHS150
annually. This improved the revenue situation as there were many of these riders in the
municipality. In addition, the Assembly intensified the registration and collection of fees
from cashew growers and transporters in 2022. Just like the Banda District Assembly,
Wenchi Municipal Assembly was also supported by GIZ with the dLRev database which
helped to generate data on all properties within the municipality which helped determine
the appropriate rates.
iii) Anloga District Assembly: The Assembly received arrears from the DACF and support
from the National Lottery Authority (NLA) for various projects and programmes including
the organization of town hall meetings. The increased allocation from DPAT and a new
partnership with UNICEF also improved the revenue base of the district in 2022.
iv) West Akim District Assembly: The Assembly built a 40-unit lockable market stores and
rented to entrepreneurs and market women in 2022. The income receipts from this
intervention resulted in improved revenue performance.
v) Garu District Assembly: The high revenue performance of the Assembly in 2022 could
be explained by the high inflow received from the DACF-RFG after the DPAT assessment.
The district also added the RING II project to its sources of revenue and the additional
income from this project helped in financing its development programmes and projects.
The receipt of DACF arrears was also a factor.

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Other interventions
In some of the districts, management prosecuted defaulters of property rates payment. This
punitive measure enhanced property rate collection. Management also resourced revenue
collectors with the requisite logistics including vehicles to facilitate collection. Internal control
measures were also put in place in some districts to deter revenue collectors from using fake
receipts or money collected for their personal expenditure. Monitoring teams were formed in some
districts to supervise the revenue collectors and to ensure receipts correspond with amounts paid.

Table 2.7.2: MMDAs with over 100% Growth in total revenue (2021 and 2022)
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Percent coverage Growth
Banda 1,382,572.83 5,784,245.00 5,882,491.68 101.7 325.47
Garu 2,249,525.60 18,861,528.99 8,767,285.81 46.48 289.74
Wenchi 3,251,327.00 17,665,201.68 11,654,350.25 65.97 258.45
Tempane 2,161,470.61 9,012,656.86 7,590,378.40 84.22 251.17
Anloga 2,301,509.87 10,189,299.56 6,826,781.72 67 196.62
West Akim 4,255,111.82 19,357,672.23 12,450,309.19 64.32 192.6
Bekwai Mun 4,042,686.75 14,799,772.86 11,516,199.22 77.81 184.86
Asokore Mampong 4,209,759.22 9,929,796.00 11,400,997.37 114.82 170.82
Juaboso 2,161,990.13 8,455,140.15 5,821,099.90 68.85 169.25
Keta 2,133,521.05 8,929,798.80 5,598,358.73 62.69 162.4
Assin South 2,188,395.46 9,845,867.00 5,647,215.76 57.36 158.05
Gushiegu 1,293,020.34 3,211,342.73 148.36
Adansi South 3,278,039.61 10,471,882.89 7,837,226.80 74.84 139.08
Kpandai 4,104,496.56 19,476,494.22 9,636,821.72 49.48 134.79
Okere 3,094,412.63 11,019,743.85 7,112,448.16 64.54 129.85
Asante Akim North 3,740,992.80 10,514,335.83 8,504,846.06 80.89 127.34
Ayawaso East Mun. 5,980,218.90 14,196,922.00 13,533,494.37 95.33 126.3
Krowor Mun 5,464,271.08 19,584,999.66 12,010,043.10 61.32 119.79
Asikuma-Odoben-Brakwa 3,735,601.77 20,162,912.41 8,097,962.29 40.16 116.78
Atiwa East 4,024,964.86 7,456,189.92 8,546,458.21 114.62 112.34
Ayawaso Central Mun 3,324,964.24 8,888,699.71 6,907,163.17 77.71 107.74
Abura-Asebu-Kwaman. 2,726,276.32 7,697,843.59 5,573,824.85 72.41 104.45
Source: MMDAs 2022 APRs
Sixty-four MMDAs, representing 24.52 percent of 261 MMDAs achieved negative growth in 2022
as shown in Table 2.7.3. Some of the underlying factors for the negative growth are as follows:

 Inadequacies and delays in central government transfers as well as revenue leakages in IGF
collection.
 Non-utilisation of previous year’s allocation prior to completion of work contracts.
 Logistical constraints
 Late submission of property rate notices
 Resurgence of chieftaincy conflicts
 Shortage in revenue collection personnel
 Difficulties in revenue collection from normadic herdsmen, aggregators and small-scale
miners, itinerant traders and night traders.
 Unwillingness of citizenry to honour tax obligations

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  Poor public service delivery

The revenue performance also shows that majority of the worst performing districts managed to
achieve more than 50 percent of their revenue targets for 2022 (see Table 2.7.3).

Table 2.7.3: MMDAs with negative growth in total revenue (2021 and 2022)
Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Percent
MMDAs Growth
(GHS) (GHS) (GHS) coverage
Lambusie/Karni 5,293,581.87 7,402,773.01 5,268,894.77 71.17 -0.47
Weija-Gbawe Mun 11,596,060.07 17,210,517.59 11,523,284.58 66.95 -0.63
Tema West Mun 14,368,607.54 24,901,167.05 20,808,071.49 83.56 -0.63
Sissala West 1,618,830.01 6,723,394.41 1,605,728.95 23.88 -0.81
Nanton 3,222,461.91 11,145,901.09 3,187,768.90 28.6 -1.08
Yilo Krobo 8,602,745.04 12,230,720.12 8,356,317.07 68.32 -2.86
Sekyere Kumawu 8,093,555.78 10,545,829.13 7,860,620.47 74.54 -2.88
Ekumfi 5,878,404.31 9,790,117.62 5,629,670.27 57.5 -4.23
Awutu Senya East 16,035,313.75 44,437,602.86 15,343,273.75 34.53 -4.32
New Juaben North 4,686,015.79 7,963,053.62 4,473,287.33 56.18 -4.54
Central Tongu 3,181,726.35 6,825,994.67 3,024,925.56 44.31 -4.93
Sunyani West 12,693,302.14 14,271,354.73 12,009,235.89 84.15 -5.39
Denkyembour 6,044,644.67 8,825,069.93 5,694,143.98 64.52 -5.8
Techiman Municipal 20,110,480.11 36,486,497.46 18,616,734.14 51.02 -7.43
Kintampo North
9,263,447.14 11,914,155.30 8,561,644.84 71.86 -7.58
Mun
Shai Osoduku Dist. 7,455,257.46 8,317,547.12 6,817,293.48 81.96 -8.56
North East Gonja 2,719,145.30 7,857,908.00 2,438,587.82 31.03 -10.32
Nandom 5,228,848.34 10,268,988.43 4,607,079.57 44.86 -11.89
Mamprugu Moaduri 4,194,323.04 6,668,068.85 3,667,155.49 55 -12.57
Sekyere East 8,816,412.09 12,588,434.03 7,463,614.15 59.29 -15.34
Sekyere Central 8,484,214.24 9,510,687.00 7,178,959.32 75.48 -15.38
Ejisu 10,074,998.53 16,127,417.98 8,489,123.69 52.64 -15.74
Jasikan 2,393,769.42 5,432,229.00 2,014,625.76 37.09 -15.84
North Tongu 4,089,268.20 7,373,137.95 3,368,437.07 45.69 -17.63
Wassa Amenfi
8,005,279.00 8,308,171.55 6,560,842.30 78.97 -18.04
Central
Dormaa West 5,499,238.43 7,390,086.00 4,465,430.09 60.42 -18.8
Upper West Akim 6,148,398.32 3,999,514.05 4,975,636.75 124.41 -19.07
New Juaben South 17,222,819.01 36,399,255.00 13,633,076.92 37.45 -20.84
Suame 19,159,068.56 49,380,000.00 15,133,841.13 30.65 -21.01
Atwima - Mponua 10,047,686.98 12,379,132.03 7,918,817.65 63.97 -21.19
Birim Central 13,548,243.88 39,004,295.00 10,617,678.07 27.22 -21.63
Bolgatanga
12,251,050.30 19,087,286.36 9,533,033.18 49.94 -22.19
Municipal
Hohoe 12,084,632.08 38,759,898.94 9,195,527.41 23.72 -23.91
Amansie Central 6,694,546.82 9,147,863.03 5,078,367.60 55.51 -24.14
Suhum 7,709,593.75 7,021,108.82 5,678,111.71 80.87 -26.35
Accra Metro. 29,911,725.00 28,901,501.02 21,836,733.48 75.56 -27
Ningo Prampram
14,786,786.15 19,081,832.16 10,742,140.97 56.3 -27.35
Dist.
Asutifi South 6,676,859.07 8,072,823.86 4,832,798.86 59.87 -27.62
Akatsi North 3,801,887.27 875,911.91 2,745,654.01 313.46 -27.78

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 Dormaa Central Mun 6,651,049.23 16,956,536.31 4,633,394.95 27.33 -30.34
Effia-Kwesimintsim 20,083,551.68 42,356,988.13 13,988,355.10 33.02 -30.35
Nadowli/Kaleo 5,637,392.72 6,780,632.30 3,880,152.16 57.22 -31.17
Obuasi Mun 14,517,366.96 34,848,526.88 9,963,201.55 28.59 -31.37
Ga East Mun. 17,609,382.98 18,179,063.17 11,989,632.31 65.95 -31.91
Assin North 5,956,334.70 7,222,951.65 4,013,999.08 55.57 -32.61
Zabzugu 5,591,878.16 4,809,441.58 3,754,745.28 78.07 -32.85
Karaga 8,766,320.20 3,396,800.29 5,829,489.98 171.62 -33.5
Offinso North 10,055,344.35 11,160,792.00 6,419,292.69 57.52 -36.16
West Mamprusi Mun 6,816,372.52 9,769,401.29 4,248,642.87 43.49 -37.67
Sagnerigu 12,177,160.24 26805874.31 7,559,426.96 28.2 -37.92
East Mamprusi Mun 13,907,183.77 8,470,937.34 8,632,558.28 101.91 -37.93
Agona West 10,125,298.51 19,857,768.54 6,270,423.12 31.58 -38.07
Old Tafo 15,584,371.60 13,572,270.88 9,119,010.10 67.19 -41.49
Sene East 5,269,005.98 8,477,824.64 3,054,022.15 36.02 -42.04
Tain 5,632,106.35 6,750,794.59 3,204,950.11 47.48 -43.1
Ho Municipal 12,234,600.02 32,393,410.24 6,842,849.70 21.12 -44.07
Pusiga 7,662,156.20 12,051,321.00 3,856,950.93 32.00 -49.66
Lower Manya
10,132,706.86 20,828,767.50 4,684,866.12 22.49 -53.76
Krobo
Wa Municipal 14,512,979.78 22,659,734.04 6,269,108.19 27.67 -56.8
Mfantseman 12,456,129.19 30,020,629.62 5,296,960.21 17.64 -57.48
Kwabre East 7,742,690.58 9,043,224.57 3,026,806.88 33.47 -60.91
Kassena-Nankana
6,652,973.48 7,672,136.00 2,263,998.68 29.51 -65.97
West
Awutu Senya 11,577,402.98 13,004,887.64 1,548,516.52 11.91 -86.62
Upper Denkyira
9,216,225.24 11,376,506.00 793,218.25 8.61 -91.39
West
Source: MMDAs 2022 APRs

Performance of Internally Generated Fund

The concept of fiscal decentralisation and autonomy enjoins MMDAs to also generate revenue
from internal sources. The local government reforms in the 1990s and its subsequent Local
Governance Act, 2016 (Act 936) provide for a number of instruments to empower local
governments in their local revenue generation. IGF is revenue generated, accessed and utilised by
district assemblies. The biggest challenge facing district assemblies is the inability to mobilise
enough IGFs for local development.

In 2022, a total of GHS496,585,290.54 was raised by MMDAs representing 90.56 percent of what
the MMDAs planned to collect in the year. The performance shows a marginal decline to 13.11 in
2022 from 13.49 percent in 2021 (Figure 2.7.2).

Page 135 of 245

Figure 2.7.2: Trend in MMDAs IGF growth, 2017-2022
20 18.5
18
16
12.99 13.49 13.11
14
12
Percent

10
8
6
4
1.47
2
0
2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022
Years

Figure 7.3: Trend in MMDAs IGF growth, 2017-2022 (Source: MMDAs APRs)
All the regions achieved IGF growth of less than 40 percent in 2022. The average regional IGF
growth was 13.11 percent with Upper East recording the highest of 37.09 percent and Upper West
Region recording the least growth of negative 61.3 percent. Despite this low growth, all the regions
achieved over 50 percent of their estimated IGF targets in 2022. Bono Region achieved 99.0
percent of its estimated IGF and ended the year as the best performing Region while the North
East Region on the other hand achieved the least coverage of 56.83 of its estimated IGF (see Table
2.7.4).

Table 2.7.4: IGF performance of MMDAs by region.

2021 Actual 2022 Estimates 2022 Actual Coverage Growth
Region
(GHS) (GHS) (GHS) (%) (%)
Upper East 4,955,038.10 8,209,601.25 6,793,019.59 82.74 37.09
Bono 13,857,090 19,149,810.34 18,958,761.34 99.00 36.82
Bono East 8,883,447.26 14,014,703.60 11,564,286.09 82.52 30.18
Northern 5,685,005.46 8,576,290.83 7,282,642.40 84.92 28.11
Western 36,116,785.63 49,283,745.56 46,235,710.48 93.82 28.02
Oti 2,451,573.67 3,716,087.81 3,126,002.04 84.12 27.51
Western North 5,510,087.11 8,475,734.00 6,670,074.69 78.7 21.05
Ashanti 72,742,792.80 96,946,026.06 84,894,468.59 87.57 16.7
Volta 11,424,245.71 16,716,455.86 12,880,000.34 77.05 12.74
Greater Accra 192,252,021.93 223,075,693.05 214,363,585.55 96.09 11.5
Eastern 38,819,428.11 45,702,011.83 42,079,729.13 92.07 8.4
Central 23,838,684.19 33,529,016.54 25,368,475.17 75.66 6.42
Savannah 3,030,032.85 4,613,276.00 3,182,140.49 68.98 5.02
Ahafo 8,332,242.13 9,682,409.68 8,492,570.88 87.71 -14.28
North East 1,033,503.71 1,372,722.40 780,567.36 56.86 -24.47
Upper West 10,112,936.29 5,284,656.06 3,913,256.40 74.05 -61.3
Total 439,044,914.95 548,348,240.87 496,585,290.54 90.56 13.11
Source: MMDAs 2022 APRs

Page 136 of 245

The data shows that 12 out of the 261 MMDAs achieved over 100 percent growth in IGF (Table
2.7.5). Some of the underlying factors behind their IGF performance.
i) Inflows from stool lands and minerals development funds
ii) Innovative ways of moblising IGFs such as the provision of incentives for collectors and
payers
iii) The expansion of their IGF revenue basket
iv) Availability of logistixcs
v) Re-evaluation of corporate properties
vi) Permit obligation payments from new corporate institutions
vii) Markets with lockable stores
viii) Stopping of identified revenue leakages
ix) Prosecution of revenue defaulters
Table 2.7.5: MMDAs with more than 100 percent IGF growth (2021 and 2022)
2022 Estimate Coverage
MMDAs 2021 Actual (GHS) 2022 Actual Growth
(GHS) (%)
Tatale Sanguli 19,306.00 41,350.00 88,664.48 214.42 359.26
Talensi 425,265.57 1,500,000.00 1,871,821.68 124.79 340.15
Mpohor 613,073.91 2,180,302.27 1,898,597.25 87.08 209.68
Kwabre East 546,409.76 2,340,000.00 1,662,013.07 71.03 204.17
Akatsi North 109,970.00 310,708.00 310,708.00 100 182.54
Dormaa West 399,442.00 818,620.00 1,085,522.73 132.6 171.76
Ahafo Ano South West 374,442.47 819,823.60 937,471.97 114.35 150.36
Gushiegu 123,033.20 182,595.00 307,892.20 168.62 150.25
Tempane 71,756.63 174,000.00 160,585.35 92.29 123.79
Ayawaso East Mun. 1,777,442.29 2,028,000.00 3,838,590.95 189.28 115.96
Builsa South 78,409.30 182,962.53 164,050.89 89.66 109.22
Abuakwa South 1,058,331.96 1,302,210.63 2,174,869.70 167.01 105.5
Kadjebi 192,509.40 326,000.00 393,942.07 120.84 104.64
Source: MMDAs 2022 APRs

The worst performing districts in IGF growth during the period under review include Upper
Denkyira West, East Mamprusi, Binduri, Amansie Central and Sissala West (see Table 6). The
underlying factors include:
i) Poor revenue collection systems
ii) Delegation of revenue collection responsibilities to area and zonal councils are fraught with
challenges
iii) Small inflows received from Stool Lands and Mineral Royalties
iv) High cost of Valuer services
v) Low patronage of market centres
vi) weak sub-district structures
vii) low commitment to the implementation of the revenue improvement action plan by
leadership

Page 137 of 245

 viii) poverty among rate payers making it very difficult to collect any meaningful
property rates and fees
ix) absence of organised market centres
x) inadequate valuation of commercial and residential properties
xi) insecurity situation as a result of chieftaincy disputes between feuding families or parties.

Table 2.7.6: MMDAs that recorded negative IGF Growth in 2022

2022
2021 Actual Growth
MMDAs Estimates Coverage
(GHS) Actual (GHS) (GHS)
(GHS) (GHS)
Birim Central 1,665,278.97 1,995,152.00 1,661,570.44 83.28 -0.22
Fanteakwa South 867,361.27 959,770.00 864,965.00 90.12 -0.28
Techiman North Mun 710,522.05 1,100,000.00 707,977.91 64.36 -0.36
Mamprugu Moaduri 104,150.37 297,800.00 103,241.13 34.67 -0.87
Achiase 373,636.65 392,923.00 370,026.85 94.17 -0.97
Ga North Mun 4,571,868.25 5,225,000.00 4,505,601.41 86.23 -1.45
Ningo Prampram Dist. 3,127,714.25 3,877,620.00 3,070,881.93 79.2 -1.82
Sissala East 567,627.00 990,000.00 556,983.56 56.26 -1.88
Suame 2,230,287.57 3,512,900.00 2,185,937.17 62.23 -1.99
Karaga 120,000.00 452687.31 117,059.39 25.86 -2.45
Ayawaso North Mun 1,087,033.00 1,700,000.00 1,058,378.42 62.26 -2.64
Agona East 388,673.61 449,963.18 376,982.63 83.78 -3.01
Chereponi 111,893.24 86,822.40 108,142.56 124.56 -3.35
Effia-Kwesimintsim 3,079,216.97 2,968,550 2,974,137.96 100.19 -3.41
Nanumba North 445,661.91 662,486.61 423,594.85 63.94 -4.95
Weija-Gbawe Mun 5,931,179.88 6,033,000.00 5,542,217.65 91.87 -6.56
Sekyere Central 600,000.00 700,000.00 560,644.81 80.09 -6.56
New Juaben North 1,450,443.93 1,335,207.00 1,314,635.68 98.46 -9.36
Nkoranza South 814,499.82 1,267,570.51 735,902.50 58.06 -9.65
Adaklu 396,808.41 400,800.00 358,404.78 89.42 -9.68
New Juaben South 5,114,288.69 6,050,508.00 4,584,423.12 75.77 -10.36
Asunafo South 477,137.77 640,198.80 420,466.86 65.68 -11.88
Ada West 1,394,081.96 1,394,000.00 1,227,934.19 88.09 -11.92
Adansi South 636,382.71 766,200.00 555,619.17 72.52 -12.69
Okaikwe North Mun. 6,413,933.98 7,102,671.25 5,565,614.49 78.36 -13.23
Ahanta West 2,722,912.28 2,387,718.33 2,356,081.90 98.68 -13.47
Bosome Freho 234,482.43 402,520.00 201,757.01 50.12 -13.96
Nadowli/Kaleo 233,412.23 206,703.13 198,462.04 96.01 -14.97
Akuapem North 1,447,114.00 1,465,700.00 1,214,308.98 82.85 -16.09
Krachi West 251285.98 410,000.00 209,896.78 51.19 -16.47
Bole 853,004.65 1,520,000.00 683,601.17 44.97 -19.86
Adansi North 554,010.17 622,859.20 438,098.36 70.34 -20.92
Daffiam-Bussie-Issa 239,421.33 220,123.64 186,082.38 84.54 -22.28
North Dayi 318,785.55 341,372.44 243,779.02 71.41 -23.53
Shai Osoduku Dist. 3,010,380.00 2,624,637.00 2,298,284.12 87.57 -23.65
Sekyere Kumawu 903,380.00 887,250.00 683,973.81 77.09 -24.29
Amansie West 3,277,215.65 3,608,778.18 2,475,924.70 68.61 -24.45
Accra Metro. 20,851,894.00 17,099,716.04 15,519,464.05 90.76 -25.57
Zabzugu 255,466.16 200,000.00 184,519.17 92.26 -27.77
Bawku Mun 980,983.15 1,354,099.44 684,540.91 50.55 -30.22
Atwima Nwabiagya 2,879,317.34 3,000,000.00 1,998,971.92 66.63 -30.57

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 Agortime Ziope 260,324.33 286,400.00 177,538.27 61.99 -31.8
Asutifi North 3,786,396.19 2,814,041.25 2,557,045.22 90.87 -32.47
Kpandai 163,358.00 149,684.00 109,614.21 73.23 -32.9
Birim North 5,606,619.86 4,300,649.09 3,736,542.90 86.88 -33.35
Wa East 442,786.50 623,450.00 288,464.38 46.27 -34.85
Sefwi Akontombra 827,650.83 731,529.00 538,898.05 73.67 -34.89
Mfantseman 1,755,520.71 2,350,000.00 1,113,188.45 47.37 -36.59
West Mamprusi Mun 481,675.10 555,400.00 303,569.00 54.66 -36.98
Garu 151,765.00 293,986.00 94,822.00 32.25 -37.52
Pusiga 360,000.00 468,876.00 220,821.01 47.1 -38.66
North East Gonja 120,212.00 91,420.00 72,292.00 79.08 -39.86
Tain 293,605.24 437,055.00 172,097.75 39.38 -41.38
Sawla - Tuna - Kalba 438,583.48 306,201.00 236800.69 77.34 -46.01
Bia West 477,079.63 395,500.00 245,240.52 62.01 -48.6
Upper Denkyira West 655,286.53 2,081,600.00 312,333.74 15 -52.34
East Mamprusi Mun 223,400.00 225,150.00 98,479.16 43.74 -55.92
Binduri 109,118.68 115,118.68 46,410.56 40.32 -57.47
Guan 245,157.37 121,000.00 77,635.13 64.16 -68.33
Amansie Central 1,695,871.44 780,001.06 438,821.85 56.26 -74.12
Awutu Senya 850,951.43 1,310,702.11 102,974.27 7.86 -87.9
Sissala West 6,390,726.58 210,793.82 151,711.93 71.97 -97.63
Source: MMDAs 2022 APRs

Revenue Performance of RCCS

The main sources of revenue for financing the implementation of projects and programmes by the
Regional Coordinating Councils (RCCs) within the year under review included the District
Assemblies Common Fund (DACF), Government of Ghana (GoG) Salaries, Goods and Services,
Ghana Secondary Cities Support Programme (GSCSP) Capacity Support Grant, Modernizing
Agriculture in Ghana (MAG) and IGF from internal operations among others. Transfers for the
payment of salaries of GoG staff continued to be the major funding source for the RCCs in 2022.
This was followed by DACF and others.

The twelve regions under review collectively budgeted GHS128,846,743.85 to facilitate the
operations of the regional coordinating councils. Only GHS94,755,343.26 out of the estimated
total revenue was received by these planning authorities. The amount represents 73.54 percent
coverage of the required financial resources in 2022. Greater Accra and Ahafo RCCs received
almost all their estimated revenue whilst Oti and Western RCCs received less than 50 percent of
their estimated income ( see Table 2.7.7).

Table 2.7.7: Revenue performance of Regional Coordinating Councils

Regional Baseline Target 2022 Actual 2022 Percent Growt
Coordinating 2021 coverage h
Council
Ahafo RCC 3,773,471.00 2,932,678.17 2,932,678.17 100 -22.28
Greater Accra RCC 14,863,637.4 20,060,576.00 19,925,245.9 99.33 34.05
9 8
Western North RCC 4,175,534.56 4,522,394.89 3,819,930.79 84.47 -8.52
Central RCC 10,963,237.9 14,537,790.60 12,171,620.0 83.72 11.02
8 0

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 Eastern RCC 6,318,088.74 13,873,376.00 10,034,920.2 72.33 58.83
8
Northern RCC 13,846,101.7 15,914,679.46 11,464,069.4 72.03 -17.2
8 6
Ashanti RCC 7,576,557.18 17,244,536.23 12,150,790.3 70.46 60.37
0
Savannah RCC 2,185,328.18 3,821,446.21 2,561,758.63 67.04 17.23
Bono East RCC 3,876,323.42 6,001,272.27 3,087,410.42 51.45 -20.35
Western RCC 2,731,966.67 10,029,163.37 3,503,569.11 34.93 28.24
Oti RCC 6,934,091.59 7,675,389.24 2,427,489.05 31.63 -64.99
Upper West RCC 10,697,454.2 12,233,441.41 10,675,861.0 87.27 -0.20
0 7
Total 87,941,792.7 128,846,743.8 94,755,343.2 73.54 7.75
9 5 6
Source: RCC’s 2022 APRs

In terms of growth, Ashanti and Eastern regions were the only regional planning authorities that
achieved more than 50 percent growth on their 2021 total revenue with 60.37 percent and 58.83
percent respectively. Ahafo, Bono East, Northern, Western North and Oti regions on the other
hands achieved negative growth. Oti Region recorded negative 64.99 growth whilst Western North
achieved negative 8 percent on its 2021 total revenue (see Figure 2.7.4).

Figure 2.7.4: Comparison of 2021 and 2022 revenue performance of RCCs (Source: RCCs 2022 APRs)

20,000,000.00
18,000,000.00
16,000,000.00
14,000,000.00
Amount GHc

12,000,000.00
10,000,000.00
8,000,000.00
6,000,000.00
4,000,000.00
2,000,000.00
0.00

Regional Coordinating Councils

Baseline 2021 Actual 2022

Page 140 of 245

 Revenue performance of MDAs
A budget performance analysis of the 20 MDAs that submitted data on their revenue and
expenditure situation reveals that almost all the selected sectors received over 50 percent of their
estimated budget except for Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Trade and Industry. The Foreign
Affairs and Regional Integration Ministry, Public Services Commission, Ministry of Interior and
Ministry of Defence recorded over 100 percent of their estimated revenue in 2022. On the other
hand, Ministry of Finance only achieved 44.42 percent of the total revenue it required to implement
planned activities.

In terms of total revenue growth, Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection grew its total
revenue by 327 percent in 2022 followed by Public Services Commission with 108.6 percent. The
analysis showed that government prioritized infrastructure, security, defence, and local governance
in 2022 over all the other sectors of the national economy. The Ministry of Interior for instance
received the highest amount of GHS 5,407,745,394.80 out of the estimated GHS 5,362,408,994.54.
They are followed closely by Ministry of Roads and Highways, Ministry of Transport and Ministry
of Defence receiving amounts of GHS3,675,340,000.90, GHS3,574,150,869.99 and GHS
3,166,882,776.52 respectively (See Table 2.7.8).

Table 2.7.8: Revenue performance of MDAs, 2021-2022

Estimate
MDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Growth
coverage
Ministry of Finance 2,605,293,009.92 1,032,322,000.00 458,507,690.39 44.42 -82.4
Ministry of Environment, Science,
481,552,369.81 570,597,338.00 546,237,391.86 95.73 13.43
Technology & Innovation
Ministry of Chieftaincy and
34,452,293.95 69,469,812.00 41,250,068.00 59.38 19.73
Traditional Affairs
Ministry of Energy 278,624,535.65 486,466,830.96 289,270,230.96 59.46 3.82
Ministry of Interior 4,004,214,552.02 5,362,408,994.54 5,407,745,394.80 100.85 35.05
Ministry of Roads and Highways 3,585,425,000.03 16,617,709,000.59 3,675,340,000.90 22.12 2.51
Ministry of Trade and Industry 529,517,997.00 602,065,000.00 293,578,968.30 48.76 -44.56
Ministry of Local Government,
Decentralisation and Rural 929,849,416.37 1,861,353,000.00 1,434,068,235.89 77.04 54.23
Development
Ministry of Gender 209,557,858.26 1,139,415,000.00 895,017,799.14 78.55 327.1
Office of the Head of Civil Service 33,173,838.00 42,971,803.80 29.54
Public Services Commission 8,634,091.94 10,517,211.64 18,007,000.00 171.21 108.56
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and
61,316,025.41 69,437,948.33 103,214,559.17 148.64 68.33
Regional Integration
Ministry of Works and Housing 983,319.00 276,683.00 517,577.00 187.06 -47.36
Ministry of Defence 1,787,875,670.36 2,182,950,498.00 3,166,882,776.52 145.07 77.13
Ministry of Lands and Natural
395,046,110.56 384,283,222.80 410,019,758.56 106.7 3.79
Resources
Ministry of Transport 3,011,074,081.98 3,182,384,324.50 3,574,150,869.99 112.31 18.7
Ministry of Information 125,976,177.00 143,307,434.00 118,286,803.96 82.54 -6.1

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Ministry of Employment and
208,027,126.00 258,170,000.00 168,670,392.22 65.33 -18.9
Labour Relations
Ministry of Youth and Sports 318,329,000.00 370,949,427.35 116.53
Ministry of Fisheries and
60,906,195.86 78,290,678.00 56,844,662.16 72.61 -6.67
Aquaculture Development
Total 18,351,499,669.12 34,369,753,976.36 21,071,531,410.97 61.31 14.82
Source: MDAs 2022 APRs

Capital expenditure
Expenditure by MDAs: CAPEX is money spent to acquire or upgrade assets in order to increase
the capacity or efficiency of services by MDAs and MMDAs. This broadly covers both their
physical and financial assets which are expected to yield a return in future years. It includes
buildings, machinery and vehicles.

All the 16 MDAs that reported on revenue and expenditure in total spent an amount of GHS 2.21
billion on asset or investment in 2022 out of the expected GHS4.13 billion. This represented 53.44
percent of what they had planned to spend. The performance also represented 14.39 percent of
their collective total revenue for 2022. MFARI (GHS13.06 million) and MoEn (GHS25.19
million) almost met their expected expenditure. MoEn also spent 87 percent of its total revenue on
capital expenditure. MINTER (GHS5.44 million) and MLGDRD (GHS5.61million) respectively
spent the least amount of total revenue on asset and investment in 2022.

Even though MDAs planned to invest more into public services their budgets were restricted by
the MoF financial ceilings and releases. MoEn for instance allocated GHS4.26 million in 2022 to
extend electricity to households and industries in the rural areas but only received GHS2.52 million
by the end of December. Other key government institutions including the Metrological Services
also made the necessary allocations but did not receive any of the required amounts to purchase
the equipment needed to provide quality services to the public ( See Table 2.7.9).
Table 2.7.9: Capital budget performance of MDAs in 2022
MDAs Total Revenue Planned Capital Actual Capital Coverage Capital
(GHS) Expenditure expenditure (%) Expenditure in
(GHS) (GHS) total revenue
(%)
1 Ministry of Finance 458,507,690.39 124,518,000.00 14,250,119.22 11.44 3.11
2 Ministry of Gender 895,017,799.14 3,477,600.00
3 Ministry of Local 1,434,068,235.89 109,729,100.00 5,607,297.30 5.11 0.39
Government
4 Ministry of Trade and 293,578,968.30 289,224,000.00 44,252,551.86 15.3 15.07
Industry
5 Ministry of Interior 5,407,745,394.80 27,724,868.00 5,436,861.95 19.61 0.1
6 Ministry of Energy 289,270,230.96 426,125,635.96 251,886,438.33 59.11 87.08
7 Ministry of Chieftaincy 41,250,068.00 30,819,600.00 3,420,303.00 11.1 8.29
8 MESTI 546,237,391.86 105,186,800.00 22,944,752.23 21.81 4.2
9 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 567,205,204.05 17,258,000.00 13,064,050.41 75.7 2.3
10 Public Services 18,007,000.00 3,765,000.00 527,799.00 14.02 2.93
Commission
11 Office of the Attorney 186,649,793.00 9,580,893.92 5.13
General and Ministry of
Justice

Page 142 of 245

12 Ministry of Roads and 1,610,729,238.52 2,833,433,931.61 1,794,789,013.25 63.34 111.43
Highways
13 Ministry of Works and 517,577.00 305,257.00 42,908.00 14.06 8.29
Housing
14 Ministry of Defence 3,166,882,776.52 141,771,600.00 17,347,857.21 12.24 0.55
15 Ministry of Lands and 410,019,758.56 13,850,836.00 22,405,361.88 161.76 5.46
Natural Resources
16 Metrological Services 122,705.00 122,705.00
Total 15,325,687,126.99 4,127,190,228.57 2,205,556,207.56 53.44 14.39

MDAs complied with MoF expenditure guidelines on CAPEX. MoEn used its CAPEX to procure
infrastructure including electrical networks for the smooth implementation of the National
Electrification Scheme (NES). Some of the resources were also used to procure machinery and
eequipment including computers and related accessories, office furniture, fittings, air conditioners
for offices use.

MINTER, on the other hand, used its CAPEX allocation for 2022 to facilitate the construction and
completion of office and accommodation facilities for staff in the GPS, GIS, GNFS and the GPrS.
Part of the money was also used to purchase machinery and vehicles to facilitate the operations of
these service agencies see Table 2.7.10.

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Table 2.7.10: MDAs Capital Expenditure in 2022
MDAs Allocation (1) Release/receipt (2) Variation Disbursement How it was used
Ministry of Energy 426,125,635.96 251,886,438.33 - 236, 799,188.46  Procurement of infrastructure assets including
174,239,197.63 electrical networks for the implementation of the
National Electrification Scheme (NES)
 Procurement of machinery and equipment
including as computers and its related accessories,
office furniture and fitting, air condition

Ghana 122,705.00 0.00 -122,705.00 0.00

Meteorological
Agency
Ministry of the 213,174,868.00 20,777,920.81 - 20,777,920.81 Office accommodation – The amount releases has help
Interior 192,396,947.19 in completing some of the offices for
 Ghana Police Service
 Ghana Immigration Service
 Ghana National Fire Service &
 Ghana Prisons Service
Residential accommodation - The amount releases has
help in completing some of the staff quarters for the
 Ghana Police Service
 Ghana Immigration Service
 Ghana National Fire Service &
 Ghana Prisons Service
Official Vehicles & Machinery – CAPEX released to
the Ministry has aided in the purchase of
 vehicles
 Machinery

Page 144 of 245

Expenditure by RCCs: Twelve RCCs provided data on capital expenditure in 2022. The planned
total capital expenditure was GHS25.54 million representing 2.88 percent of their total revenue
for 2022 on investments and assets. However, the amount released was GHS3.18 million
representing 12.45 percent of planned capital expenses at the end of 2022. Volta and Northern
RCCs received all the amount they planned under capital expenditure. Ashanti Region followed
closely with 95.24 percent. Oti, Bono East, Ahafo and Western North RCCs did not receive any
amount for capital expenditure see Table 2.7.11

Table 2.7.11: Capital budget performance of RCCs in 2022

S/N Capital
Total Planned Capital Actual Capital Expenditure
RCCs Coverage(%)
Revenue(GHS) Expenditure(GHS) expenditure(GHS) in total
revenue(%)
1 Volta 23,034,598.85 417,541.10 417,541.10 100 1.81
2 Northern 13,846,101.78 417,541.10 417,541.10 100 3.02
3 Ashanti 12,150,790.30 210,000.00 200,000.00 95.24 1.65
4 Central 12,171,620.00 1,452,700.00 493,631.15 33.98 4.06
5 Savannah 2,561,758.63 188,750.00 53,938.48 28.58 2.11
6 Eastern 10,034,920.28 6,890,000.00 767,961.70 11.15 7.65
7 Greater Accra 19,925,245.98 6,000,000.00 417,541.10 6.96 2.1
8 Western 3,503,569.11 6,000,000.00 412,401.99 6.87 11.77
9 Oti 2,427,489.05 3,808,000.00 0 0 0
10 Bono East 3,087,410.42 80,000.00 0 0 0
11 Ahafo 3,773,471.00 0 0 0 0
12 Western North 3,819,930.79 80,000.00 0 0 0
Total 110,336,906.19 25,544,532.20 3,180,556.62 12.45 2.88

The financial situation of the RCCs has a direct linkage on the projects and programmes
implemented, coordinated, monitored and evaluated in the regions. The low CAPEX could be
attributed to the non-release of GHS25.54 million budgetary allocation meant for capital
expenditure as a result of the strict measures GoG introduced. This situation resulted in the inability
of RCCs to pay for projects undertaken.

Expenditure by MMDAs: MMDAs spent GHS58.24 million representing 38.06 percent of their
planned capital expenditure of GHS1.53 billion and 27.42 percent of their collective total revenue
on investment and assets in 2022. Oti Region spent more than half (52.18%) of its total revenue
on CAPEX and ended the year as the best performing region. Northern, Central and Greater Accra
regions spent the least of their total revenue on social, economic and environmental investments
and assets in 2022 (see Table 2.7.12).

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Table 2.7.12: Capital expenditure of MMDAs by region in 2022.
S/N Region Total Revenue Planned Capital Actual Capital Coverage Capital
(GHS) Expenditure (GHS) expenditure (GHS) (%) Expenditure in
total revenue (%
1 Oti 29,604,789.25 28,020,818.02 15,449,168.22 55.13 52.18
2 Bono 84,320,442.82 71,868,755.19 38,585,003.46 53.69 45.76
3 Bono East 79,017,612.16 76,286,700.34 32,895,864.28 43.12 41.63
4 North East 33,642,210.58 31,878,605.04 12,540,991.62 39.34 37.28
5 Eastern 241,664,683.14 193,457,791.00 85,257,910.02 44.07 35.28
6 Volta 100,096,234.17 109,609,253.00 30,577,766.03 27.9 30.55
7 Upper East 85,476,514.17 83,759,570.93 25,980,228.26 31.02 30.39
8 Ahafo 54,368,260.59 30121284.37 15,914,686.15 52.84 29.27
9 Western North 64,722,208.08 50,333,761.40 18,629,220.82 37.01 28.78
10 Savannah 30,642,017.74 33,113,667.68 9,305,402.81 28.1 28.1
11 Ashanti 406,261,920.12 261,609,665.89 105,944,421.00 40.5 26.08
12 Western 186,066,184.43 100,823,887.55 39,275,959.07 38.96 23.72
13 Upper West 58,728,889.52 58,338,841.99 13,465,200 23.08 22.93
14 Greater Accra 425,145,739.96 192,908,074.28 88,719,766.31 45.99 21.47
15 Central 149,142,393.95 132,978,525.60 31,286,202.12 23.53 20.98
16 Northern 95,285,051.90 75,191,109.20 18,549,890.60 24.67 19.47
Total 2,124,185,152.58 1,530,300,311.48 582,377,680.77 38.06 27.42

The disaggregation of the regional expenditure data shows that Dormaa West and Krachi
Nchumuru disticts spent more on capital expenditure than they had planned to spend in 2022.
Lower Manya Krobo, Obuasi Municipality, Sunyani Municipality and Agona West together with
Dormaa West and Krachi Nchumuru also spent more money on investment and assets than their
2022 total revenue (see Table 2.7.13).

Table 2.7.13 :MMDAs that spent more on capital expenditure than their total revenue
S/ MMDAs Total Planned Capital Actual Capital Coverag Capital
N Revenue Expenditure (GHS) expenditure (GHS) e (%) Expend
(GHS) iture in
total
revenue
(%)
1 Dormaa
4,465,430.09 3,193,973.00 9,125,951.67 285.72 204.37
West
2 Krachi
2,945,700.24 3,257,877.14 4,377,132.90 134.36 148.59
Nchumuru
3 Lower
Manya 4,684,866.12 15,470,198.22 6,507,902.31 42.07 138.91
Krobo
4 Obuasi
9,963,201.55 17,967,938.54 11,285,174.67 62.81 113.27
Municipal
5 Sunyani
6,444,683.07 11,137,462.00 6,986,341.79 62.73 108.4
Municipal
6 Agona West 6,270,423.12 14,964,498.54 6,790,677.59 45.38 108.3
7 Techiman
8,595,791.59 13,447,985.45 8,595,791.59 63.92 100
North

Capital budget utilisation differed from MMDA to MMDA depending on the results of their needs
assessment and action plans. For instance, in the Eastern Region, the majority of the MMDAs used
their CAPEX to construct or maintain their roads infrastructure whilst others constructed satellite

Page 146 of 245

markets, CHPS compounds, Teacher’s bungalows; Police stations, Water Closet toilet with
mechanized borehole and polytank, levelling of engineered landfill site, fumigation of refuse
dumps, desilting of choked drains, procurement of office furniture, classroom block with ancillary
facilities and footbridges, rehabilitation of Eastern Regional Jubilee Park at Galloway in
Koforidua, construction of 2unit KG block with entertainment room for Trinity Presby Model
School, procurement of desk with chairs and teachers tables for selected schools.

CAPEX utilisation in the MMDAs of the Greater Accra Region was not different from that of the
Eastern Region. Most of the MMDAs used their capital budget to construct school buildings,
markets, slaughter houses, office buildings, ramps, metal gratings, office containers, health
facilities, u-drains, drainage, power generation plants, lorry parks, fence walls, dormitory blocks,
procurement of furniture, motor bikes, computers, street lights, school furniture and rehabilitation
of central sewerage system.

Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipal Assembly in the Western Region spent its GHS 8.31 million CAPEX
to facilitate the completion of 1No 3Units Classroom Block Office, Store, Staff Common Room,
Computer/Library, 1No. 6-Seater Environ Loo toilet and 1No. 2-bay urinal; procure and supply of
furniture and office equipment; construction of Male / Female Wards and Laboratory Facility with
Ancillary Facilities and Landscaping at Benso; construction of 1No. 3-unit classroom block with
ancillary facilities, landscaping, 1No. 6-seater Environ Loo and tree planting around the facility at
Agona and construction of 1No. 3-Unit classroom block, office, store and computer room, 1No.
6-Seater Environ Loo toilet Facility and 2-Bay Urinal with Landscaping at Mahamo, fabrication
and delivery of 120 Dual Desks, 20 teachers’ tables and Chairs, 10 ICT tables, 20 Chairs, 20
hexagonal tables, 120 Chairs, 125 mono desks for schools see appendices XXX .

Page 147 of 245

 Human resource position of MMDAs in 2022
OHLGS has developed staffing norms to guide human resource management at MMDA levels as
follows: metropolitan assembly (minimum = 718 , maximum = 1,126); municipal assembly
(minimum = 465, maximum = 690); and district assembly (minimum = 356, maximum = 519).
For details see Table 2.7.14.

Table 2.7.14: Total staff / Department (Summary) for MMDA

Districts Municipal Metropolitan
Department Min Max Min Max Min Max
Coordinating Director (MMDCD) 1 1 1 1 1 1
Central Administration Department 96 128 111 156 197 289
Finance Department 21 33 28 45 43 70
Budget & Rating Department 0 0 0 0 8 10
Internal Audit Unit 5 6 5 8 6 15
Education, Youth & Sport Department 34 47 37 50 42 67
Health Department 71 113 108 169 129 202
SW&CD Department 10 11 10 13 18 29
Agric. Department 43 72 52 78 66 106
Trade, Industry & Tourism 11 17 12 22 26 36
Transportation 0 0 9 11 10 16
Physical Planning 15 21 17 24 27 44
Works Department 49 70 57 84 82 138
Urban Roads Department 0 0 18 29 25 43
Legal Department 0 0 0 0 9 12
Waste Mgt. Dept. at Metro 0 0 0 0 29 48
Disaster Prevention & MGT 0 0 0 0 0 0
(Natural Resources Conservation,
0 0 0 0 0 0
Forestry Game & Wildlife
Grand Total Per MMDA 356 519 465 690 718 1,126
FOR 216 MMDAs (155, 55, 6) 55,180 80,445 25,575 37,950 4,308 6,756
Local Government (Department of District Assemblies) (Commencement)Instrument, 2009 ( L.I. 1961) SCHEDULE I& II Min= Minimum; Max= Maximum

The 2022 actual data shows MMDAs did not have the full complement of staff at post to carry out
their mandates. For instance, in the Eastern Region, out of 13,383 required minimum staff, only
4,433 were at post. See Table 2.7.15for the details of staff in the Eastern Region.

Table 2.7.15: Staff strengths of MMDAs in the Eastern Region

Requirements % Covered
MMDAs Actual Gap (Min-Actual)
S/N Minimum Maximum
1. Upper West Akim 356 519 180 206 50.56
2. Nsawam Adoagyiri 465 690 228 237 49.03
3. New Juaben South 465 690 222 243 47.74
4. Asuogyaman 356 519 149 207 41.85
5. West Akim 465 690 183 282 39.35
6. Fanteakwa North 356 519 136 220 38.2
7. Suhum 465 690 175 290 37.63
8. Kwahu West 465 690 174 291 37.42
9. Birim Central 465 690 171 294 36.77
10. Okere 356 519 125 231 35.11

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 11. Lower Manya Krobo 465 690 163 302 35.05
12. Kwahu South 465 690 161 304 34.62
13. Birim North 356 519 120 236 33.71
14. New Juaben North 465 690 156 308 33.55
15. Kwahu Afram Plains 32.02
356 519 114 242
North
16. Akyemansa 356 519 111 245 31.18
17. Yilo Krobo 465 690 143 322 30.75
18. Atiwa West 356 519 109 247 30.62
19. Abuakwa South 465 690 139 326 29.89
20. Kwahu East 356 519 106 250 29.78
21. Abuakwa North 465 690 138 327 29.68
22. Denkyembour 356 519 103 253 28.93
23. Fanteakwa South 356 519 103 253 28.93
24. Akwapim North 465 690 133 332 28.6
25. Ayensuano 356 519 101 255 28.37
26. Atiwa East 356 519 99 257 27.81
27. Upper Manya Krobo 356 519 99 257 27.81
28. Akwapim South 465 690 129 336 27.74
29. Birim South 356 519 98 258 27.53
30. Kwaebibirem 465 690 120 345 25.81
31. Achiase 356 519 88 268 24.72
32. Asene Manso Akroso 356 519 79 277 22.19
33. Kwahu Afram Plains 21.91
356 519 78 278
South
Total 13,383 19,692 4,433 (8,950) 33.12

The human resource data from Ashanti Region also shows similar situation as Eastern Region.
The region had 31.54 percent of the 17,741 personnel it required to function at its minimum
capacity. In 2022 except for KMA, the other 42 MMDAs in the region had less than 50 percent of
its staff strength. MMDAs identified with more staff than the regional average of 130 personnel
were 20 out of the 43. The least staffed MMDAs in the region were- Sekyere Afram Plains,
Bosome Freho and Atwima Mponua. See Table 2.7.16for details.

Table 2.7.16: Staff strengths of MMDAs in the Ashanti Region

S/N MMDAs Requirements Actual Gap (Min - Actual) Covered
1. Kumasi Metropolitan Ass. 718 1126 549 169 76.46
2. Amansie South D/A 356 319 157 199 44.10
3. Akrofuom D/A 356 319 152 204 42.70
4. Bosomtwe D/A 356 319 96 260 42.70
5. Sekyere South D/A 356 319 146 210 41.01
6. Sekyere East D/A 356 319 142 214 39.89
7. Ejisu M/A 465 690 184 281 39.57
8. Afigya Kwabre South D/A 356 319 138 218 38.76
9. Amansie West D/A 356 319 129 227 36.24
10. Obuasi M/A 465 690 167 298 35.91
11. Mampong M/A 465 690 164 301 35.27
12. Bekwai M/A 465 690 156 309 33.55
13. Atwima Nwabiagya M/A 465 690 153 312 32.90
14. Kwabre East 465 690 152 313 32.69
15. Obuasi East D/A 356 319 110 246 30.90
16. Sekyere Central D/A 356 319 109 247 30.62
17. Asokwa M/A 465 690 139 326 29.89
18. Ejura Sekyedumase M/A 465 690 139 326 29.89

Page 149 of 245

 19. Kwadaso M/A 465 690 139 326 29.89
20. Suame M/A 465 690 138 327 29.68
21. Oforikrom M/A 465 690 135 330 29.03
22. Ahafo Ano South-West
356 319 103 253 28.93
D/A
23. Old Tafo M/A 465 690 134 331 28.82
24. Adansi South D/A 356 319 102 254 28.65
25. Asante Akim Central 465 690 133 332 28.60
26. Juaben M/A 465 690 133 332 28.60
27. Asokore Mampong M/A 465 690 129 336 27.74
28. Offinso M/A 465 690 128 337 27.53
29. Offinso North D/A 356 319 96 260 26.97
30. Afigya Kwabre North D/A 356 319 95 261 26.69
31. Sekyere Kumawu D/A 356 319 93 263 26.12
32. Asante Akim North 465 690 115 350 24.73
33. Adansi North D/A 356 319 87 269 24.44
34. Asante Akim South 465 690 113 353 24.30
35. Ahafo Ano South-East D/A 356 319 86 270 24.16
36. Adansi Asokwa D/A 356 319 84 272 23.60
37. Atwima Nwabigya North D/A 356 319 83 273 23.31
38. Ahafo Ano North 465 690 107 358 23.01
39. Amansie Central D/A 356 319 80 276 22.41
40. Atwima Kwanwoma D/A 356 319 77 279 21.63
41. Atwima Mponua D/A 356 319 77 279 21.63
42. Bosome Freho D/A 356 319 77 279 21.63
43. Sekyere Afram Plains 356 319 69 287 19.38
Total 17741 21573 5595 12147 31.54

Greater Accra Region required a minimum number of 13,555 personnel and a maximum of 20,198
personnel for the administration of the 29 MMDAs in the region. At the end of 2022, the personnel
at post stood at 4,020 representing 29.6 percent of the minimum personnel requirement. Only
Accra Metropolitan Assembly achieved 50 percent or more of the minimum personnel
requirement. Nine out of 29 MMDAs achieved more than the regional average of 139 personnel.
Ablekuma North, Ayawaso East, Ayawaso Central, Okaikwei North and Ayawaso North on the
other hand had less than 20 percent of their minimum staff strength (see Table 2.7.17).

Table 2.7.17: Staff strengths of MMDAs in the Greater Accra Region

MMDAs Requirements Actual Gap (Min - Actual) % Covered
S/N Min Max
1. Accra Metropolitan 718 1,126 379 339 52.7
2. La Nkwantanang Madina 465 690 198 267 42.5
3. Ga West Municipal 465 690 182 283 39.1
4. Shai Osudoku 356 519 137 219 38.4
5. Tema Metropolitan 718 1,126 271 447 37.7
6. Ashaiman 465 690 168 297 36.1
7. Ga South 465 690 162 303 34.8
8. Ningo Prampram 356 519 120 236 33.7
9. Kpone Katamanso 465 690 155 310 33.3
10. Ada East District 356 519 114 242 32.0
11. Adentan Municipal 465 690 148 317 31.8
12. Weija Gbawe 465 690 148 317 31.8
13. Ga Central 465 690 140 325 30.0
14. Tema West Municipal 465 690 137 328 29.4
15. Ga East Municipal 465 690 135 330 29.0
16. Ledzokuku 465 690 132 333 28.3
17. La Dade Kotopon 465 690 123 342 26.4

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18. Ga North Municipal 465 690 120 345 25.8
19. Ada West District 356 519 90 266 25.2
20. Ayawaso West 465 690 115 350 24.7
21. Krowor Municipal 465 690 110 355 23.6
22. Korle Klottey 465 690 107 358 23
23. Ablekuma West 465 690 102 363 21.9
24. Ablekuma Central 465 690 100 365 21.5
25.
Ablekuma North 465 690 91 374 19.5
26. Ayawaso East 465 690 90 375 19.3
27. Ayawaso Central 465 690 89 376 19.1
28. Okaikwei North 465 690 82 383 17.6
29. Ayawaso North 465 690 75 390 16.1
Total 13555 20,198 4020 9535 29.6

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National Electrification Scheme (NES)
In 2022, 354 of the targeted 520 communities, representing 70.19 percent were connected to the
national grid under the NES. Other 200 communities were at various stages of completion.
Significant progress was made in 2022 as the performance was an improvement over the 279
communities in 2021. Government and its partners continued their pursuit of achieving universal
access to electricity in the country by increasing the national access rate (see Figure 2.7.5).

Figure 2.7.5; Number of communities connected to the national grid, 2017-2022

700

587
600

500
445
Number of comunities

388
400
354

300 278 279

200

100

0
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Year

In 2022, more communities benefitted in these regions: Northern (101), Bono (69), Bono East
(48), Ashanti (41) and Ahafo (18). However, in the Western, Western North and Oti regions, no
community was connected to the national grid. The expansion of access to electricity in these
communities facilitated development in different sectors including government flagship projects.
The government through the MoEn provided support in the form of technical services such as
engineering, consultancy and maintenance as well as electricity extension to 42 1D1F facilities
across the country at a cost of GHS10.3 million.

The increased access to electricity led to the establishment of various local industries in rural
communities. This was part of the government’s strategy to extend electricity to deprived
communities. Community access to electricity was complimented by regional capitals street
lighting initiatives which sought to install street lighting infrastructure in the newly created
regional capitals and Ho. By the end of 2022, installation works had commenced for the
construction of street lighting infrastructure in the newly created regional capitals and Ho. Progress
of work at Ho and Dambai is 100 percent complete (see Figure 2.7.6).

Page 152 of 245

Figure 2.7.6: Community access to electricity by region

120

100

80
Number

60

40

20

0
North Bono Bono Asha Ahafo Uppe North Savan Centr Volta Easte Uppe Great West West Oti
ern East nti r East East nah al rn r er ern ern
West Accra North
2019 107 25 18 33 18 11 0 1 9 79 118 19 2 5 0 0
2020 97 67 43 33 7 34 8 12 6 1 10 31 6 7 26 0
2021 50 0 1 49 0 7 12 16 4 60 5 7 0 68 0 0
2022 101 69 48 41 18 16 12 12 10 10 10 5 2 0 0 0
Regions

The national electricity access rate increased to 88.54% in 2022 from 87.03% in 2021 with over
10,000 communities connected to the grid since the inception of the NES. Greater Accra, Central,
Bono, Western, Ashanti, Volta and Eastern regions recorded access rate greater than the national
average. Ahafo Region ended the year as the region with the least access rate. Increased electricity
access rate was as a result of the capture of data on towns whose electrification was completed in
previous years but not captured on the electricity access database. Increased electricity access has
made available clean, affordable and accessible energy for the Ghanaian populace notwithstanding
the regional disparities in access rate (see Table 2.7.18).

Table 2.7.18: Access to electricity by region and communities

Regional Electricity Access Rate (%)
Item Region
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
1 Western 90.15 90.67 79.87 94.10
85.90 85.93
2 Western North 77.04 77.26 78.06 81.56
3 Central 88.84 88.84 88.69 90.52 90.57 96.40
4 Greater Accra 96.83 96.83 96.66 96.83 97.06 98.59
5 Volta 89.02 83.26 89.36 92.20
82.73 82.73
6 Oti 70.36 70.36 72.65 72.65
7 Eastern 81.29 81.29 81.60 82.22 82.22 90.68
8 Ashanti 91.45 91.45 91.57 91.56 91.79 92.26
9 Bono 90.93 94.37 94.64 95.02
10 Bono East 80.18 81.89 73.61 75.89 79.80 75.69
11 Ahafo 79.62 80.80 85.87 80.25
12 Northern 70.21 73.81 70.18 71.69
13 North East 62.73 62.73 59.12 77.34 73.08 63.52
14 Savannah 54.51 61.51 66.58 67.03
15 Upper East 60.62 60.62 60.65 61.15 74.75 74.75

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 16 Upper West 73.57 73.53 76.46 74.11 74.28 74.91
Total 84.10 84.32 84.98 85.17 87.03 88.75

Road Network in Good Condition

Government piloted the implementation of performance-based road contracting through the
rehabilitation and maintenance of about 1,052km of trunk and feeder roads. These roads are located
in Upper West, Bono East and Northern regions. As at the end December 2022, physical works on
Package 3 in the Bono East Region which involves 214km of feeder roads were at 35 percent
completion, while the works in the Upper West Region which involves 670km of feeder roads
were at various stages of design. Works were expected to start by the 1st quarter of 2023. The
rehabilitation of the Yendi – Zabzugu – Tatale road achieved progress of 15 percent while that of
the Tamale – Yendi road started. Northern, North East and Savannah regions have collectively the
highest proportion of trunk road network in good condition (44%) whilst Upper East Region has
the lowest proportion of 13 percent (see Table 2.7.19). All the sixteen regions recorded lower than
50 percent of road network with good condition. The poor condition of the road network is as a
result of low funding for road maintenance activities from the Ghana Road Fund.
Table 2.7.19: Percentage of road network in good condition
Years
Regions
2017(%) 2018(%) 2019(%) 2020(%) 2021(%) 2022(%)
Northern/North East/Savannah 57 67 55 32 41 44
Bono/ Ahafo/Bono East 57 54 41 36 31 34
Upper West 55 71 50 29 25 32
Volta/Oti 82 71 44 28 37 28
Ashanti 56 42 32 22 24 26
Greater Accra 28 39 36 23 27 26
Western/Western North 52 52 44 42 44 20
Central 38 44 46 22 24 18
Eastern 51 40 52 45 49 18
Upper East 76 25 26 22 31 13

Population with valid NHIS Card

For the past five years, the proportion of the national population with valid NHIS has increased.
The beneficiaries marginally improved to 54.5 percent in 2022 from 54.4 percent in 2021. The
performance contributed to NHIA objective to attain universal health insurance coverage and
provide access to healthcare services to the persons covered by the scheme (see Figure 2.7.7).

Figure 2.7.7 :Proportion of the population with valid NHIS Cards

60 52.7 54.4 54.5
50 40 40.5
39 38.4
Percentage

36 36.5
40
30
20
10
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Year

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All the regions failed to achieve their planned NHIS targets for 2022 except for Upper West,
Ahafo, Bono East, Volta and Western North regions. Bono and Upper West regions ended the year
as the best performing regions. About 80 percent of the population in these two regions have valid
NHIS cards. Greater Accra, Oti, Northern, Savannah, Central and Western regions have less than
50 percent of their population enrolled on the NHIS. The situation for Northern and Savannah
regions is more serious as majority of the population live below the national poverty line (see Table
2.7.20).
Table 2.7.20: Proportion of the population with valid NHIS Card (%)
Baseline Target Actual
Region 2021 2022 2022
Ahafo 72.7 73.7 74.4
Ashanti 54.1 56.1 53.7
Bono 80.5 81.5 80.8
Bono East 68.5 69.5 71.0
Central 44.2 50.0 46.1
Eastern 63.2 64.2 61.8
Greater Accra 42.7 50.0 40.6
North East 54.0 55.0 55.3
Northern 40.7 50.0 45.5
Oti 37.3 50.0 41.9
Savannah 50.4 51.4 45.2
Upper East 73.4 74.4 70.5
Upper West 79.7 80.7 80.8
Volta 65.2 66.2 62.7
Western 48.5 50.0 49.8
Western North 57.4 58.4 58.9
Total 54.4 57.0 54.5

Institutional Maternal Mortality

In an effort to strengthen maternal, new born care and adolescent services, MMDAs through the
GHS implemented several projects and programmes across the country with the view to reducing
disability, morbidity, and mortality. This notwithstanding, the country still recorded a number of
maternal deaths in 2022. Nine regions recorded maternal deaths above the WHO’s accepted
standard of 70 per 100,000 live births. Greater Accra, Eastern, Ashanti, Central, Western, Bono
East, Volta, Savannah and Bono regions all recorded maternal mortality rates, ranging from 75 per
100,000 live births to 154.5 per 100,000 live births. Greater Accra Region recorded the worst
performance whilst Oti Region recorded the least case of 5 per 100,000 live births (see Figure
2.7.8).

Excessive bleeding during and after birth was the main cause of these deaths. The deaths could
also be attributed to poor transportation network, inadequate or non-attendance of antenatal
services, delay in referrals, lack of medication and ambulances from referral facilities, inadequate
blood and ventilators, lack of intensive care units, poor examination, hypertension, diabetes and
inadequate communication systems

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Figure 2.7.8: Maternal mortality rate by regions

154.53
160

140
119.98
120
95.11 92.03
100 85.6 81.89
78.96 78.74
Rate

75.59
80 65.41
58.91 57.35
52.28 49.81
60

40
20.35
20 5.19
0

Regions

Institutional Malaria Case Fatality Rate

Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the country, especially among children and
pregnant women. A key objective of the MTNDPF, 2022-2025 was to reduce disability, morbidity,
and mortality including malaria case fatality. MMDAs carried out interventions through Ghana
Health Service to intensify the implementation of malaria control programmes and strengthen
prevention and management of malaria cases. In general, fatality due to malaria infection has
declined since 2014 due largely to the implementation of the Malaria Control Programme which
aims to improve access to prompt and effective treatment of malaria cases in health facilities (see
Figure 2.7.9).

Figure 2.7.9: Malaria case fatality for all ages-2017-2022

0.2 0.18
0.18
0.16
0.14 0.12
0.12 0.1
0.09
ratio

0.1
0.07
0.08
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.02
0
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Years

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Eastern Region recorded the highest cases of death attributed to malaria infection of all ages whilst
North East Region recorded the least death for same. All regions except North East, Ashanti, Upper
East, Northern, Bono East and Central regions recorded malaria death rates above the national
average of 0.03 in 2022. A disaggregation of the data further shows that Eastern Region still
recorded the highest under five malaria case fatality in 2022 followed by Upper West, Greater
Accra, Ahafo and Savannah regions (see Table 2.7.21).

Table 2.7.21: Institutional Malaria Case Fatality (All ages)

Institutional Malaria Case Fatality (All ages) Under five-year Malaria Case Fatality Rate
Year
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Western 0.19 0.11 0.05 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.22 0.19 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.05
Western
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.11 0.07 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.13 0.06 0.09
North
Central 0.16 0.09 0.07 0.1 0.04 0.02 0.16 0.12 0.07 0.13 0.05 0.02
Greater
0.13 0.13 0.1 0.17 0.07 0.05 0.13 0.16 0.19 0.1 0.08 0.14
Accra
Volta 0.13 0.06 0.15 0.15 0.07 0.05 0.24 0.13 0.19 0.28 0.25 0.1
Oti 0.05 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.04 0.07 0.16 0.11 0.14 0.23 0.07
Eastern 0.14 0.15 0.13 0.09 0.09 0.22 0.17 0.17 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.18
Ashanti 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.02 0.02
Bono 0.22 0.13 0.15 0.1 0.17 0.04 0.18 0.15 0.17 0.13 0.12 0.05
Bono East 0.33 0.24 0.17 0.14 0.19 0.02 0.37 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.24 0
Ahafo 0.1 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.12
Northern 0.29 0.21 0.1 0.11 0.09 0.02 0.52 0.32 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.03
North East 0.56 0.21 0.13 0.11 0.11 0 0.31 0.23 0.12 0.13 0.12 0
Savannah 0.29 0.14 0.04 0.15 0.08 0.06 0.22 0.17 0.07 0.23 0.07 0.11
Upper East 0.17 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.3 0.08 0.01 0 0.02 0.03
Upper West 0.22 0.15 0.08 0.16 0.1 0.09 0.33 0.24 0.14 0.26 0.14 0.16
National 0.18 0.12 0.09 0.1 0.07 0.03 0.2 0.16 0.1 0.12 0.09 0.05

The malaria strategic plan (2019-2025) targeted a 90 percent reduction in malaria mortality by
2025. Malaria deaths (all ages) reduced to 151 (53%) in 2022 while malaria case fatality rate (all
ages) reduced by 66.7% within the same period. The decrease in malaria case fatality rate was due
to improved malaria case management in health facilities, behaviour change communication and
supportive supervision towards uptake of malaria control interventions. Additionally, continuous
monthly validation of reported malaria data including client card review ensured that malaria is
attributed to death only when malaria is the underlying cause of the death. With the general decline
in malaria parasite prevalence across the country to an average of 8.6 percent in 2022, there is need
to increase investment, innovate and implement malaria elimination strategies to sustain the gains
and begin to accelerate towards elimination of the disease. This paradigm shift from control to
elimination is critical to avoid reversal of the gains.

Crime cases
Greater Accra Region continues to record the highest incidence of crime since 2020 but at a
decreasing trend. Its share of the total crime cases recorded was 37 percent whilst North East,
Savannah and Northern regions recorded the least incidence of crime (see Table 2.7.22).

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Table 2.7.22: Crime statistics by regions
Years % Share
Regions
2020 2021 2022 2022
Greater Accra 87,400 79,841 71,862 37.60
Ashanti 26,976 36,419 38,262 20.02
Eastern 16,223 18,886 20,791 10.88
Volta 14,246 12,907 10,264 5.37
Central 12,324 12,315 16,901 8.84
Western 7,311 6,491 5,737 3.00
Bono 6,354 4,784 4,759 2.49
Upper East 5,960 4,500 4,054 2.12
Western North 3,443 4,030 4,145 2.17
Bono East 4,114 3,366 4,188 2.19
Ahafo 1,958 2,951 3,445 1.80
Oti 1,471 2,581 1,471 0.77
Upper West 2,342 2,353 2,089 1.09
Northern 1,840 1,266 1,809 0.95
Savannah 1,509 1,190 1,033 0.54
North East 365 536 301 0.16
Total 193,836 194,416 191,111 100.00

All the regions failed to achieve their crime targets for the year 2022 except for North East Region
which has consistently recorded the least crime rate in the country for the past three years. Some
of the strategies which contributed to the decreasing trend in crime in 2022 include “Operation
CALM LIFE - Police Visibility and Community policing” and government providing logistics
such as vehicles and motor bikes (see Figure 2.7.10).

Figure 2.7.10: Achievement of crime targets by regions

60,000

50,000

40,000
Number

30,000

20,000

10,000

Regions

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Communities affected by disaster
A total of 2,339 communities were affected by disaster in 2022. This represents a 9.6 percent
improvement over the 2021 incidence of 2,587 and a 15.68 percent decline over the 2020 recorded
cases of 2,774 (see Figure 2.7.11).

Figure 2.7.11: Communities affected by disaster, 2019-2022

2900
2774
2800
2700
2606 2587
2600
Number

2500
2400 2339
2300
2200
2100
2019 2020 Years 2021 2022

Communities in the Ashanti Region recorded more disaster cases than any other region in 2022.
A total of 474 communities were affected by one form of disaster or the other such as wind or
rainstorm, flood, domestic fires, bush fires, commercial fires, collapsed buildings, boat accident,
tremor and man-made disasters. The Ashanti Region was followed by North East and Central
regions with 274 and 269 communities respectively. The least affected regions were Savannah
Region and Ahafo Region with 29 and 38 communities respectively. see Table 31.

Table 2.7.23: Communities affected by disaster, 2019-2022

Baseline Actual Target Actual Target Actual
Region
2019 2020 2021 2021 2022 2022
Greater Accra 202 202 102 140 133 80
Eastern 226 226 149 153 145 181
Ashanti 603 603 209 407 407 474
Central 167 167 278 200 200 269
Western 335 335 120 128 140 163
Volta 302 302 96 282 282 162
Ahafo 217 217 40 40 60 38
Upper West 207 207 186 176 176 157
Upper East 177 177 206 118 118 75
Northern 170 170 119 204 204 174
Bono 0 0 128 119 119 94
Bono East 0 0 113 133 140 80
North East 0 27 22 112 157 274
Savannah 0 27 22 179 131 29
Western North 0 33 26 83 0 0
Oti 0 81 65 113 113 89
Total 2,606 2,774 1,881 2,587 2,525 2,339

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 2.7.4 Key Challenges and Recommendations
This section discusses challenges within the dimension and corresponding policy
recommendations.

Table 2.7.24: Challenges and Recommendations

No Challenges Recommendations
No systematic mechanisms for revenue GoG, MLDGRD, NDPC, GRA, RCCs, MMDAs and DPs
estimates at the MMDAs and RCCs. should collaborate to:
 conduct valuation and re-valuation of residential and
commercial properties to enable them charge
appropriate property rates and fees.
 deploy revenue collection database similar to the GIZ
design software dLRev
Low IGF mobilisation GoG, MLDGRD, NDPC, GRA, RCCs, MMDAs and DPs
should collaborate to:
 digitise revenue collection to reduce the excessive
leakages in IGF collection.
 establish additional revenue collection points within
the sub-district structures
 ensure effective implementation of RIAPs
 Invest in Local Economic Development (LED)
Over reliance on the traditional sources of GoG, MLDGRD, NDPC, GRA, RCCs, MMDAs and DPs
revenue such as DACF, DACF-RFG and other should collaborate to:
central government transfers  innovate and diversify revenue sources
 engage the private sector in the financing goods and
services in communities
 improve budget performance
Management infractions at the MMDA and GoG, MLDGRD, NDPC, RCCs, and MMDAs, should
RCC levels collaborate to:
 improve commitment of leadership and management
of MMDAs
 improve the financial base of the local authorities.
Delay in the disbursement of central GoG, MoF, MLDGRD, NDPC, Parliament, GIAA RCCs,
government transfers and MMDAs should collaborate to:
 ensure timely submission and reviews of certified
AAPs
 ensure the linkage of AAPs to budget allocations
 implement Inter-Governmental Fiscal Framework and
Inter Governmental Fiscal Transfers
 ensure timely release of DACF

Leakages in IGF collection GoG, MLDGRD, RCCs, and MMDAs, should collaborate
to:
 undertake comprehensive capacity building of
revenue collectors

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 introduce electronic receipt mechanisms to ensure
proper accountability for receipts by revenue
collectors
 ensure effective supervision by monitoring teams over
revenue collectors

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 Chapter 3: Conclusion

This report represents the status on progress of implementation of the first year of the MTNDPF
(2022 to2025). The information and data reported was on selected indicators identified in the
medium-term policy framework as developed by stakeholders during CSPG meetings as part of
the 2022 national APR preparation process.

Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Growth Rates

The overall Real GDP growth rate decreased to 3.5 percent in 2022 from 5.3 percent in 2021 which
was below the target of 3.7 percent set for the year. The non-oil sector Real GDP growth also
declined to 3.8 percent in 2022 from a growth of 6.6 percent recorded in 2021, falling below the
target of 4.3 set for the year. The Services Sector experienced the highest growth (5.5%), followed
by agriculture (4.9%) and industry (0.9%). The industry sector recovered to record an expansion
of 0.9 percent in 2022 from a contraction of -0.5 percent in 2021.

Completion and Enrolment Rates in Basic, Second-cycle schools and Tertiary Institutions
Completion rate at the primary level in 2022 was 100 percent compared to 108.6 percent in 2021.
At the JHS level, the completion rate stood at 93 percent in 2022 compared to 83.1 percent in 2021.
Net enrolment ratio generally improved at the KG, primary and Junior High School (JHS) level.
The net enrolment at the KG level improved to 95 percent in 2022 from 70 percent in 2021
representing 25 percentage point increase. The JHS level had the lowest NER. The total number
of students enrolled in tertiary institutions increased by 42,991 to 497, 837 in 2022 from 454,846
in 2021. Female enrolment out of total enrolment also increased to 53 percent in 2022 from 49
percent in 2021. Generally, number of students enrolled in levels of education up to the secondary
cycle reduced in 2021/2022 academic year from 2020/2021. Total Enrolment from these levels
reduced by 1.9 million pupils with Primary level having the highest reduction.

` Healthcare
The NHIS subscription increased to 17,161,199 in 2022 from 16,759,158 in 2021. Ashanti Region
continues to be the highest in 2022. Its membership increased to 2,954,980 from 2,941,228
memberships in 2021. In addition, the proportion of functional CHPS zones decreased to 74.8
percent in 2022 from 79.7 percent in 2021. The utilisation of the out-patient department per capita,
witnessed a 10 percent reduction to 1.06 in 2022 from 1.13 in 2021. The number of Emergency
Medical Technicians (EMTs) trained and deployed in 2022 were 813 against a 1,019 target.
Ghana’s Doctor to population ratio declined slightly to 1:5,880 in 2022 from 1: 5,705 in 2021.
This fell short of WHO recommended threshold of 1: 1,000. Ghana’s nurse to population ratio
improved slightly to 1:502 in 2022 from 1: 530 in 2021 meeting the WHO recommended threshold
of 1:1,000. Births attended by skilled health personnel in 2022 was 62.6 percent, a decrease from
63.5 percent in 2021 yet above the 2022 target of 60 percent.

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 Air and Water Pollution
Air quality monitoring was undertaken for five regulatory sites out of the planned eight sites in
Accra, due to the breaking down of some monitoring equipment. The average level of particulate
matter (PM10 and PM2.5) or pollutants effluent quality were above EPA recommended Ghana
Standards levels for air quality. The Graphic Road annual mean was 168(µg/m3 which falls within
151µg/m3 to 200µg/m3. This represents an unhealthy air quality index of health concern. Heavy
metal pollution was observed in the southwestern Basins of Tano and Ankobra. However, the
worst pollution is in the Pra River where illegal gold mining is concentrated. The Arsenic levels
near river Pra was detected at nearly 800 times the WHO guideline limit for drinking water.

Disaster Management
The total number of disasters across the country was 2,426 occurrences in 2022, above the 2022
target of 1884, and also an increase compared to 2021 occurences of 1,926. The common disasters
experienced within the year included floods, domestic fires, wind/rainstorm and bush fires. The
number of persons affected by disaster who were supported with relief items were 21,935 victims.

Enhancing Public Accountability

The Office of the Special Prosecutor conducted investigations into the Labianca Company, finding
credible claims of improper issuance of customs advance rulings and markdowns of benchmark
values by the Customs Division of GRA. The Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP) recovered
GHS1.074 million from Labianca Company Limited. The 2021 Report of the Auditor-General on
the Public Accounts of Ghana reported weaknesses and irregularities in government programmes
in its audit of more than 1.08 billion cedis ($75 million) in programme funds.

Corruption and Economic Crimes

Ghana's score on the index remained at 43 out of 100, signalling that corruption remains a prevalent
issue.171. Ghana dropped in its ranking on Transparency International's Corruption Perception
Index (CPI) by one spot, placing 72nd out of 180 countries compared to 73rd in 2021. In the 2022
World Press Freedom Index, Ghana was ranked 60th out of 180 countries assessed, indicating a
huge drop of 30 places from its 2021 ranking. Ghana fell to the 10th rank in 2022 from its 3rd rank
in Africain 2021, as stated in the 2022 World Press Freedom Index report.

Performance Review of Selected Poverty-Reduction Programmes

The government through the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP)
disbursed GHS100,409,470.85 to LEAP beneficiaries in 2022.In the 2021/2022 academic year, an
amount of GHS 666,079,276.09 was released for implementation of GSFP. The increase in
production of major staple crops to 3.8 percent in 2022 was partly attributed to favourable rainfall
patterns and government support through the PFJ programme, which provided subsidized
fertilizers to 1.5 million farmers. 25 beneficiary institutions and groups were supported under the
Aquaculture for Food and Jobs (AFJ) Programme. Under the same programme, 294 beneficiaries
were trained in fish farming practices, while 408 fish farmers were also trained in the formulation
and preparation of local fish feed.

171
https://www.transparency.org

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 APPENDICES

Appendix I: Summary of Performance of Key Economic Development Indicators for 2022

Focus Area Indicator Actual Target Actual
2021 2022 2022
1. Build Strong and 1.Real growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (%)
Resilient Macro Economy - Agriculture 8.5 3.1 4.2
- Industry -0.5 4.2 0.9
- Manufacturing 8.1 - -2.5
- Electricity 7.9 - -3.3
- Service 9.4 3.8 5.5
- Oil Inclusive GPD 5.3 3.7 3.5
- Non -oil GDP 6.6 4.3 3.8
2. Sectoral share of GDP (%)
-Agriculture 21 - 20.9
-Industry 30.1 - 34.2
-Service 48.9 - 44.9
3. Gross Domestic Product (GDP):
-Nominal (GH₡ Billions) 461.7 - 610.2
-Nominal (US$ Billions) - - -
-Population (Million) 30.83 - -
-Per Capital (GH₡) - - -
-Per Capital (US$) - - -
4. Inflation (% change in CPI, annual) 12.6 8 +/- 54.1
5. Exchange Rate (annual) (US $- Cedi) -4.1 - - 30
6. Interest rate
i. (91-day T-Bills) 12.49 - 35.48
ii. 182-day T-Bill 13.19 - 36.23
iii. Weighted interbank market rate 12.68 - -
7. Lending rate 20.04 - -
8. Credit Stock (GHS Billion) - - -
Total 53.8 - 70.0
- Public 5.4 - 6.2
- Private 48.4 - 63.8
9. Non-Performing Loans (NPLS) Ratio 15.2 - 14.8

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Focus Area Indicator Actual Target Actual
2021 2022 2022
10. Mobile money penetration rate 123.8 -
Proportion of Ghanaians with access to financial services:
- Traditional banking sector - - -
- Non-traditional banking sector - - -
- Number of individuals owning bank account (BoG) - - -
11. Budget deficit as a percentage of GDP -9.6 - -8.1
12.Government Revenue - - -
-Total (Share of GDP) % 15.3 16.36 15.9
-Nominal (GH₡ Bill) 70.1 96.84 96.7
13. Government Expenditure - - -
-Total (share of GDP) (%) 25.0 22.0 23.8
-Nominal 109.28 135.70 146.30
14.Statutory funds (%) 3.7 - -
15.Interest Payments (%) 7.6 - -
16. Wage bill as a percentage of tax revenue 51.8 - -
17. Fiscal Balance
- Primary balance - - -
- Overall -2 - -
18. non-oil primary balance as percentage of GDP -3 - -
19. Capital expenditure as a percentage of total
expenditure 18 - -
20. Total public debt as % of GDP 76.2 - 71.2
21. Debt-service ratio (%) 10.6 -
22. Current Account Balance (% of GDP) -2.5 - -1.69
23. Trade Balance (US $ billion) -
-Merchandise Export 14.73 - 17.41
-Merchandise Export 13.63 - 14.65
-Trade Deficit/Surplus 1.10 - 2.75
24. Capital and Financial Account (Billion $) 3.30 - 2.18
26. Official International reserves - - -
US$ billion - - -
Months of Import cover - - -
27. Number of new jobs created
- Agriculture - - -
- Industry - - -
- Manufacturing - - -
- Services - - -

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Focus Area Indicator Actual Target Actual
2021 2022 2022
28. Sectoral Share of Employment (%)
- Agriculture - - -
- Industry - - -
- Manufacturing - - -
- Services - - -
2. Industrial 29. Number of Bona-fide assemblers registered - 5 7
Transformation under the Ghana Automotive Development
Programme
- Support to Industries - - -
- Garment & Textile 111 30 0
- Pharmaceutical 11 4 0
Number of 1D1F companies
- Total 2019 323 296
- Operational 183 174 125
No of Jobs created by 1D1F companies (directly and
indirectly) - 160,515 160,823
Number of new industrial clusters or manufacturing 2020
enclaves developed 19 50 35
Total number of export companies operating in Free
Zones Enclaves 226 250 261
Number of Jobs created by companies in Free Zones
Enclaves 29,437 100,000 31,746
Estimated value of export earnings of Free Zones
Enterprises ( US$ Billion) 1.54 1.62 1.30
30. Percentage change in expenditure on R&D
- Government (Budget Expenditure - - -
for Research and Development)
- Firms - - -
31. Number of MSMEs benefitting earmarked funds - - -
32. Technology Export share of manufacturing (%)
- High - - -
- Medium - - -
- Low - - -
33. Share of TVET enrolment at Secondary and - - -
Vocational Institutions

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Focus Area Indicator Actual Target Actual
2021 2022 2022
34. Completion rate of TVET - - -
35. Percentage change in anchor industries:
- 1D1F - - -
- Distressed local companies - - -
36. Manufacturing share of merchandise export (%) - - -
3. Private Sector 37. Ease of doing business rank 118th out of - -
Development 190 countries
38. Number of companies assisted to access external - 100 135
markets
39. Domestic Credit to Private sector as a percentage - - -
of GDP
40. Number of New Standard Developed 193 206 156
- Locally manufactured products certified 1,188 1,200 1,174
- High Risk Imported goods inspected 127,944 110,000 120,471
- Weighing/Measuring Instruments Pattern approved 49 90 90
- Total Value of NTEs (US$ Billion) 2.85 4.16 3.30
- Manufactures Share of merchandise export (%) 16.46 - 16.52
41. Time taken to clear goods from the
- Ports (sea) - - -
- Land boarders - - -
- Airport - - -
42. Proportion of properties covered by the digital
address system: (% of all Properties) - - -
43. Size of the Informal Sector - - -
44. Reported cases of food and drug safety - - -
infractions:
- Cases reported 10,270 - 2,863
- No. of Sanctions 275 - 261
- percentage of food and drug cases - - -
investigated
45. Proportion of business using green/ sustainable - - -
energy initiatives
4. Agriculture and Rural 46. Percentage change in agro processing industries - - -
Development established
47. Percentage of cultivated lands under irrigation - - -
(area developed for irrigation/ha):
- Total area including commercial

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Focus Area Indicator Actual Target Actual
2021 2022 2022
- Formal - - -
- Non-formal - - -
48. Total volume and value of agriculture
commodities exported kg, (US$):
- Processed Cocoa 1,019,663,039 - -
-Cashew 28,745,7707 - -
-Coffee 5,199 - -
-Shea nut 20,193,542 - -
-Maize 132,267 - -
-Yam 11,490,801 - -
-Exotic vegetables 22,031,332 - -
- Pineapple 9,464,942 - -
- Mango 19,507,483 - -
- Pawpaw 734,061 - -
- Banana 35,567,549 - -
- Fish and sea food 28,408,290 - -
- Rice (milled) 133,665 - -
49. Share of credit to agriculture, forestry and fishing
(excluding cocoa) by deposit money banks - - -
50. Average productivity of selected crop (Mt/Ha): - -
- Maize 2.74 - 2.6
- Rice (milled) 3.92 - 3.17
-Millet 2.08 - 1.55
-Sorghum 1.98 - 1.88
- Cassava 23.23 - 23.73
- Yam 17.24 - 18.61
-Cocoyam 10.01 - 7.42
-Plantain 14.06 - 13.63
- Groundnut 1.8 - 2.01
- Cowpea 1..55 - 2
- Soya bean 1.71 - 1.84
51. Value of Meat Production by Type (GHS)
- Total - - 2,012,324.06
- Beef - - 1,750,837.50
- Mutton - - 42,781.86
- Chevon - - 73,777.70
- Pork - - 124,816.00

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Focus Area Indicator Actual Target Actual
2021 2022 2022
- Donkey - - 20,111.00
52. Proportion of farmers using modern agriculture - - -
technologies
53. Improved Seeds supplied to Farmers
- Maize 24,962.06 - 16,870.00
- Rice 14,935.03 - 6,100
- Soya Bean 3,745.08 - 2,023
- Sorghum 286.38 - 204
- Cowpea 174.83 - 288
- Groundnut 206.38 - 310
- Vegetables 12.27 - 27
5. Fisheries and 56. Total Fish Supply (mt): 834,213.82 651,252.29 717,374.17
Aquaculture Development Marine 393,970.01 360,512.00 378,196.51
Inland Capture fisheries 145, 272.04 360,512.00 146,623.41
Harvesting of ponds/cages/dams/dugout 89,375.48 92,135.00 195,786.30
Import 273,382.32 195,786.30 195,786.30
57. Quantity of fish produced per hectare of ponds - - -
per year
6. Tourism and Creative 58. Number of tourist arrivals
Industry Industry - International 623,523 645,047
- Domestic 588,946 534,711
59. Percentage change in tourist arrivals
60. Percentage change in tourism receipts - -
- Total 335.58 (US$ mil)
- International - - -
- Domestic 333,658 - -
61. Number of Tourism-related employment 252,714 276,985
62. Number of tourist Sites developed

Page 169 of 245

Appendix II: Summary of Performance of Key Social Development Indicators for 2022
Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
Education and Net enrolment ratio 2020 - - - -
Training
Kindergarten 70.0 percent - 95 percent -
Primary 78.9 percent - 92.7 percent -
JHS 44.9 percent - 56 percent -
SHS 33.3 percent - - -
Transition Rate 2020 101.9 percent - 99 percent -
Prim 6 - JHS1
JHS3 - SHS1 92.5 percent - 91 percent -
Completion rate 2020 99.2 percent - - -
KG
Primary 6 107.5 percent 100 percent 100 percent
JHS3 77.5 percent 83.1 percent 94 percent 93 percent
SHS3 64.1 percent - -
Gender parity index 2020 1.03 - 1 -
Kindergarten
Primary 1.02 - 1 -
JHS 1.02 - 1 -
SHS 0.96 - 0.99 -
Tertiary 0.73 - 1 -
Proficiency rate: 25 percent - - -
English P4
2020
Maths P4 19 percent - - -
English P6 25 percent - - -
Maths P6 22 percent - - -

Final exam pass rate 2020 - - - -

JHS
SHS - - 36 -

Page 170 of 245

Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
Total enrolment in Tertiary - - - -
institutions (Disaggregation by
sex, programme type)
Female 211,336 - - -
Male 268,498 - - -
2019
Males in Sciences 79,580 - - -
Females in Sciences 46,976 - - -
Males in Arts 121,022 - - -
Females in Arts 99,799 - - -
Percentage of students in 2019 85.2 percent -
public tertiary institutions by -
type of education - -
(Disaggregation by - -
-Universities, - -
-Technical Universities, - -
-Colleges of Education, -
-Specialised Institutions, -
-Nursing Training institutions,
-Colleges of Agriculture)
Total enrolment in TVET 2020 86,479 - 92,500
institutions

Share of children with special - - - Basic =1.1 -

needs in mainstream SHS =1.1 -
education
Dropout rate - - - - -
Male
Female - - - - -
Re-entry of dropouts into - - - - -
school

Page 171 of 245

Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
Proportion of schools with - - - -
access to digital e-learning and
teaching platforms
- Primary - - 43 -
- JHS - - 62 -
- SHS - - 55 -
- Tertiary - - 93 -
Teacher absenteeism rate - - - 8 percent -
- KG
- Primary
- JHS
- SHS
Education expenditure as a 2018 24.4 percent - - -
percentage of GDP
Literacy rate: - - - - -
- English - - - - -
- Local language
Number of teachers trained - - - - -
- English - - - -
- Local language
Health and Health Percentage of functional
Services Community-based Health 2020 79 percent 79.7 percent 85 percent 74.8 percent
Planning Services (CHPS)
zones
Number of Emergency
Medical Technicians (EMTs) 2020 900 0 1019 813
trained / deployed
Percentage of the population
2020 52.6 percent 53.9 percent 57 percent 54.5 percent
with valid NHIS card

Page 172 of 245

Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
Number of Out-Patient
Department (OPD) visits per 2020 0.96 1.1 1.0 1.0
capita
Proportion of public hospitals
(district and regional) that
2020 100 percent 100 percent 100 percent 100 percent
have functional mental health
units
Doctor-to- population ratio
2020 1:6,355 1:7,203 1:5000 1:7,101

Nurse-to-population ratio 2020 1:701 1:608 1:600 1:554

Health expenditure as a 9 percent (2
percentage of GDP 2020 - 15 percent -
percent)-GHED
Government health
expenditure as percent of
2020 9.0 6.6 15 percent 7.4
general government
expenditure
Under-five mortality ratio 2020 60 10 55 9.8
Proportion of births attended
2020 58.67 63.5 60 62.6
by skilled health personnel
Infant mortality ratio
2020 41 7.9 38 7.4

Institutional maternal 109 105

2020 111.3 102.1
mortality ratio
Stillbirth rate 2020 12.69 11.8 12.40 10.9
Proportion of children 2020 94.2 101.4 95 99
immunized (Penta 3)
Malaria Incidence per 1000
2020 186 200 170 176

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Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
Under-5 Malaria Case Fatality
2020 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.05
Rate
Mortality rate attributed to
cardiovascular diseases or
2020 43.5 1.03 percent 40 6.53 percent
cancer, diabetes and chronic
respiratory diseases
HIV prevalence
2020 1.68 percent 1.52 percent 1.61 percent 1.45 percent

Percentage of PLHIV who

2020 60.3 percent 72 percent 79.4 percent 68.1 percent
received ART
AIDS-related mortality rate 2020 41.2 (12,758) - 21.6 (6,974) 0.9
per 100,000 population
Food Systems Production diversity (to be 2019 82 - - -
Transformation and computed from Agric focus area)
Nutrition Security
(FST&NS) Proportion of men and women 2018 20 percent -
with access to financial services
in agriculture, fisheries and
aquaculture
- Males
- Females
- Youth
Volume of food storage - - -
capacity
Number of food storage 2021 1532 -
facilities in the FDA register
Number of Foodborne 2021
outbreak incidents
- National outbreak - 5 - 0 -
- Institutional (DHIMS) - 2 - 0 -
- Aflatoxin incidence - - - - -

Page 174 of 245

Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
Number of food 2021 1,570 - - -
manufacturing facilities in
FDA register
Number of agro- - - - - -
manufacturing/processing
facilities
Food inflation - - - - -
Household Dietary Diversity - - - - -
Minimum dietary diversity 2018 23.0 - - -
Minimum dietary diversity for 2018 - - - -
women
Prevalence of malnutrition 2017 18 percent 1.10 percent - 0.97 percent
-Stunting
-Underweight 13 percent 1.40 percent - 1.30 percent
-Wasting 7 percent - - -
Prevalence of Anaemia 2017 - - - -
-Children under-5 years, 35 percent - - -
-Women of reproductive age 46.4 percent - - -
(15-49 years)
-Pregnant women - - 1.5 percent - 1.5 percent
Rate of exclusive breastfeeding 2017 42.9 95.8 percent - 95.5 percent

Proportion of population 2017 1.4 percent - - -

overweight/obese
-Children under-5
-Women (15-49 years) - - - - -
-Men (15-49 years) - - - - -
Prevalence of micronutrients - - - - -
deficiencies
-Males

Page 175 of 245

Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
-Females
-Children
Prevalence of NCDs - - - - -
-Males
-Females
-Children
New policies passed on Food 2021 2 Policies - - -
Systems Transformation and - National Food
Nutrition Security Safety Policy
- National
Aflatoxin
Control Policy
Total Government allocations 2020 - - -
to Food Systems
Transformation and Nutrition
Security actions
Active Food Systems 2021 -3 - - -
Transformation and Nutrition - 16 - - -
Security platforms at the - 261 - - -
national and local level
Population Percentage of vital events
Management and registered
- - - - -
Migration for -Births
- - - - -
Development -Deaths

Percentage of population
enrolled in the integrated civil
register: - - - - -
Ghanaians
Foreigners

Page 176 of 245

Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
Unmet need for Family
Planning 2012 25 - 30 -
- GMHS 2014 (32) - - -
- GDHS

Proportion of adolescents’
population who use health
corners for reproductive 2020 34 57.4 percent 40 58.0 percent
health services and promotion
(FAD-GHS)
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate
2012 25 32.2 27 33.5
- GHMS
2014 25 - - -
- GDHS
Total Fertility Rate
(Provisional Census Data 2021 2021 3.7 (3.1) 3.745 3.7 3.696

Share of remittances - - - - -
as a percentage of GDP

Volume of remittances as a - - - - -
percentage of total GDP

Youth Development Index 2020 0.515 - -

National Migration 2020 Bill for Establishment

Commission established establishment Act passed
(Min. of Interia) drafted
Reducing Poverty and Poverty rate 2017
Inequality National
- Upper 23.4 percent - - -
(Estimates based on - Lower 8.2 percent - - -
intercensal data) Urban

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Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
- Upper 7.8 percent - - -
- Lower 1.0 percent - - -
Rural
- Upper 39.5 percent - - -
- Lower 15.6 percent - - -
Proportion of the population 2017 -
who are multidimensionally
poor
- National 45.6 percent - 24
- Urban 27 percent - - -
- Rural 64.6 percent - - -
- Male 47.7 percent - - -
- Female 40.6 percent - - -
- Children (0-17 years) 9.8 percent - - -

Income Distribution Index 2017 43 percent - - -

(Gini Index)
National
Urban 37.9 percent - - -
Rural 41.8 percent - - -
Water and Percentage of population with 2020
Environmental access to drinking water
Sanitation services
-Basic 44.4 percent - 49.02 percent -
-Safely managed 41.4 percent - 52.17 percent -
Percentage of distribution 2019 49.98 percent - 48 percent -
losses
-Urban
-Rural 2020 29.06 percent - 25 percent -

Page 178 of 245

Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
Proportion of population with 2020 23.7 percent - 38.96 percent -
access to basic sanitation
services:
-National

-Rural 17.4 percent - 33.92 percent -

-Urban 28.4 percent - 42.72 percent -

Proportion of communities 2020 19.93 percent - 25 percent 5,498

achieving open defecation-free
(ODF) status
Proportion of solid waste 2020 85 percent - 89 percent 87 percent
properly disposed of (major
towns/cities)
Proportion of Population 2020 13.3 percent - 25.98 percent 13.3 percent
whose liquid waste (faecal
matter) is safely managed
Child Protection and Proportion of children (5-17 2017 14 percent - - -
Development years) engaged in hazardous
work.
Percentage of children 2017 21.8 percent - - -
engaged in child labour
Incidence of child abuse cases 2021 3,191 (21.92) - - 3,100 (23
percent)
Percentage change in child 2017 94 percent - -
abuse cases
Percentage of children age 2-4 2017 -3 percent - - -
years who are engaged in
learning and reading activities
by adult household members

Page 179 of 245

Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
-Father
-Mother 11 percent - - -
-Any adult household member 34 percent - - -

Early childhood Development 2020 44 percent - - -

index (ECDI)
-Literacy-numeracy
-Learning 85 percent - - -
-Physical 93 percent - - -
Social-emotional 67 percent - - -

Percentage of districts 2020 38.5 percent - 54 percent -

implementing Integrated 2021 (60) (100) - 2022 (160)
Social Services (ISS)
Percentage of districts 2020 23 percent - 50 percent -
mainstreaming child 2021 (100) - - 2022 (160)
protection issues into work
plans/budgets
Support for The Aged Ageing Bill passed/enacted 2021 Availability of - Ageing Law
into law Draft Ageing Available
Bill
Percentage of aged benefiting 2020
from social protection
interventions
- LEAP 27.3 percent - - -27.07 percent
- EBAN welfare - - - -
- NHIS - - - -
Percentage of population 70 - - -
years and above registered
under the NHIS

Page 180 of 245

Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
Gender Equality 1.Percentage of women in 2020
public life
- Ministers 25 percent 26 percent 20 percent
- Dep. Ministers 14 percent 15 percent 25.6 percent
- MPs 13.8 percent 14.5 percent 14.5 percent
- MMDCEs 14 percent 40 percent 14.6 percent
- Judiciary 39 percent 15 percent -
- District Assembly Appointees 31 percent 32 percent -
Reported cases of sexual and -
gender-based violence
- Women - 11,428 10,605
- Girls - - -
- Men - 3,125 2,867
- Boys - - -
- PWDs - 17 20
Proportion of institutional
credit allocated to women
- Banking institutions - - - - -
- Non-bank financial institutions - - - - -
Proportion of sectors and - - - - -
Districts with gender
responsive plans and budgets
Sports and Recreation Number of sporting facilities 2021
and infrastructure
- Rehabilitated 2 3 3
- Constructed 0 4 1

Page 181 of 245

Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
Number of competitions 2021 113 - 203 160
organised/participated in
- Local 35 - - 47
- Sub-regional 0 - - -
- International 12 - - -
Contribution of sports to GDP - - - - -
( percent)
Youth Development Number of coordinating 2020
meeting
-National 4 - 4 4
-Regional 64 - 64 32
-District 1, 080 - 1,080 -
Number of youths provided 2020 1,754 3,000 -
with employable skills

- TVET Service 2021 -0 -

- NEIP -0 - -0 -0
- YEA -82,869 - -146,000 -76,247
- NYA -4,247 - -5,000 -3, 616
Proportion of young people in 2021
political life:
- Ministers of State -1 - - -0
- Members of Parliament -6 - - -4
- MMDCEs -0 - - -3
- Assemblymenbers -0 - - -306
- CEOs of public institutions -0 - - -0

Social Protection Number of extremely poor 2021 334,023 - 350,000 346019

households benefiting from
LEAP

Page 182 of 245

Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
Proportion of LEAP 2021 0 - - 0
beneficiaries that have exited
(graduated from LEAP) the
cash transfer programme
Proportion of females on 2021 54.8 - 54.8
LEAP
Number of persons who 2020
receive regular pension
payments under SSNIT and
CAP 30
-60 years 2,044,800 - - -
-55 years 227,407 - - -
Coverage of informal sector 2021
Pension Schemes 415,950 - - 538,255
Farmers in the cocoa, coffee,
and sheanut sub-sector
All categories
- Informal Sector Coverage 4 percent - - -
- Coverage 315, 890 - - -
- Workers 7.9 million - - -
- Schemes Established 29 - - -
Disability-Inclusive PWDs who benefit from the 2021 - - 8,000 -
Development District Assembly Common
Fund for PWDs
Employment rate of persons 2021 - - 15 percent N/A
with disabilities
Inclusive services provided by 2021 - - 35 15
sectors

Sign language interpreters 2021 - - 30 N/A

employed

Page 183 of 245

Focus Area Indicators Baseline Targets Actual
Year Data 2021 2022 2022
Peer support groups 2021 N/A - 4 N/A
established
Political participation of 2021 2 - 5 2
persons with disabilities
-National (executive
appointment and election)
-Local Government level 2 - 5 -
(appointment and election)
-Women with disabilities in - - - N/A
politics
Percentage of MDAs and 2021
MMDAs with disability-
inclusive plans and budgets
-MDAs (MoGCSP, MOH, 3 Ministries - - -
MLGRD) (NCPD, GHS, NHIS, 4 Agencies - - -
Department of Social Welfare
and Community Development) - - -
-MMDAs percent MMDAs 2 percent
expressed as a percentage of
total MMDAs
Employment and Share of waged and salaried 2017 23.5 percent - 25 percent -
Decent Work workers
Proportion of workers in 2017 66.2 percent - - -
vulnerable employment
( percent)
Annual labour productivity 2018 3 percent - - -
growth ( percent)
Proportion of industrial 2019 95 percent 95 percent
labour disputes settled ( by the
NTC)

Page 184 of 245

Appendix III: Summary of Key Environment, Human Settlement and Infrastructure Development Indicators for 2022

Focus Area Policy Objectives Indicators Indicator Definition 2021 2022 2022

Baseline Data Target Actual

Coastal and Marine Reduce coastal Proportion of coastline Length (kilometres) of 4.2km 10km 8.79km
Management and marine protected coastline protected
erosion expressed as a percentage
of total coastline requiring
protection

Proportion of Percentage of resources - - -

investment in invested in coastal control
financing control structure relative to resource
structures, planned
construction, and
technological
improvements

Human Settlements Provide adequate, Number of household Count of household units 3,319 1,000 824
Development and safe, secure, quality units constructed by the public
Housing and affordable provided nationally and private sector in the
housing (thousands) rural and urban areas 1,000 824
• Urban households

• Rural households 0 0 0

Construction Build a competitive Construction Industry Legal frameworks which - - -

Industry and laws will regulate the
Development modern construction enacted and development of the
industry implemented industry enacted into law,
including the setting up of
apex body for the industry

Page 185 of 245

Drainage and Flood Address recurrent Number of drainage A comprehensive plan - - -
Control devastating master which outlines systemic
floods plans prepared: actions to create adequate
• Regional artificial waterways to carry
storm water discharge in
major cities and towns
• Districts

Length of drains(km) length of drains (km) 4.74km 15km 6.87km

constructed: re-channelled, upgraded
• Primary and maintained 2km 5km 2.3km

• Secondary 2.74km 10km 4.57km

Number of flood Count of national NA 1 -

warning advanced flood warning
stations system installed for
constructed/rehabilitat forecasting floods
ed

Infrastructure Promote effective National public works A routine maintenance - - -

Maintenance maintenance culture maintenance arrangement for all public
framework infrastructure in health,
instituted and education, roads, railways,
operationalized ports, etc., introduced and
enforced by Government
with appropriate sanctions

Improve basic social Number of slums/ Count of slums/zongos 0 1 0

infrastructure Zongo upgraded
and services and communities upgraded
livelihood conditions
of Zongos and
inner cities

Page 186 of 245

Appendix IV: Summary of Key Governance, Corruption and Accountability and Ghanas Roles in International Affairs Development Indicators for 2022

Focus Areas Indicators Indicator Definition 2021 Baseline 2022 Target 2022 Actual

Deepening Number of CRC Count of CRC recommendations implemented - - -

Democratic recommendations (White paper)
Governance implemented
Change in the budgetary Change in the budgetary resources approved
resources approved and and released to Parliament, Judiciary and IGIs
released to: expressed as a percentage of the preceding
year's allocation to:
- Parliament - 523.6% - -
- Parliament - 290.8%
- EC - -
- EC - 44.7%
- CHRAJ
- CHRAJ - 437.3%
- JS - -
- JS - 4.3%
- NMC
- NMC - 68.3% - -
- NCCE
- NCCE

Good Governance Index Composite index covering six dimensions of - - -

(GGI) governance namely, Voice and Accountability,
Political Stability and Absence of Violence,
Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality,
Rule of Law, Control of Corruption, based on
over 30 individual data sources produced by a
variety of survey institutes, think tanks, non-
Governmental organizations, international
organizations, and private sector firms
Local Pre-conditions for the Pre-conditions for the election of MMDCEs - - -
Governance and election of MMDCEs met include the revision of Articles 243 (1) and 55
Decentralization (3) of the Constitution, revision of section 20 of
• Amendment of relevant Act 936 and the conduct of referendum for the
legislations MMDCE election

• Conduct of referendum

Page 187 of 245

 Staff strength of MMDAs Total number of employees in all MMDAs, MMDAs share of - -
expressed as a percentage of the total number personnel on Govt.
required/on Government payroll payroll = 5.05%
(GoG only)

Percentage of MDAs and Count of MDAs and MMDAs medium-term - - -

MMDAs medium- term development plans certified and implemented
development plans certified expressed as a percentage.
and implemented
Share of MMDA total Total MMDAs revenue (including IGF, DACF, MMDAs revenue as - -
revenue in relation to total DACF-RFG, GoG transfers and Donor funds) share of total national
national revenue expressed as a percentage of total national revenue = 3.01%
revenue
Share of central Government Share of central Government approved - - -
budgetary allocations and budgetary allocations and releases to RCCs
releases to RCCs
Proportion of central Amount of DACF and other GoG funding to Share of central - -
government transfers to MMDAs, expressed as a percentage of annual government transfers
MMDAs in total national national total revenue, excluding grants to MMDAs in total
budget national budget=
2.14%

Public Number of Public Accounts Count of PAC recommendations on the annual 207 - -
Accountability Committee (PAC) Auditor-General's Report implemented by recommendations
recommendations relevant agencies
implemented

Launch the National An ICT-based national monitoring and The system was fully - -
Monitoring and Evaluation evaluation system developed and operated by designed and tested in
Information NDPC to monitor the delivery of public 2021.
System(NaMEIS) to monitor services
the quality of service
delivery by Government

Percentage of RTI request Number of responses over the total request NA - -

responded to by MDAs and expressed as a percentage
MMDAs

Page 188 of 245

Public Proportion of Government Count of Government institutions using the Re-implementation of - -
Institutional institutions using the HRMIS Human Resource Management Information the HRMIS for 12
Reform to improve service delivery System to update their HR data (processing of MDAs to address
- MDAs recruitment, promotions, resignations and initial implementation
- MMDAs retirement, etc.) expressed as a percentage of challenges.
total Government institutions
Proportion of public service Number of public service institutions with - -- -
institutions with client client service charters expressed as a percentage
service charters of all public service institutions
-MDAs
-RCCs
-MMDAs
Percentage of public Number of public institutions with ethic officers - - -
institutions with ethics expressed as a percentage of total public
officers institutions

Percentage of eligible Number of eligible Officers completing the - - -

Officers completing the Staff Staff Performance Appraisal Instrument in
Performance Appraisal M&Ds expressed as a percentage
Instrument in M&Ds.
 Percentage of Chief
Directors achieving
the “excellent”
rating in the
evaluation of the
Performance
Agreement
 Percentage of
Directors / HoDs
achieving the
“excellent” rating in
the agreed
deliverables

Page 189 of 245

 Public Policy Number of public policies Count of public policies that are formulated in - - -
Accountability formulated in line with the line with the prescribed format and content for
National Public Policy drafting public policies in the NPPFG
Formulation Guidelines
(NPPFG)
Extent of usage of Ghana Scope of usage (with evidence) of the Ghana Ghana Macro - -
macro-economic model macro-economic model to ascertain various Economic Model was
scenarios such as aspiration targeting and policy used to prepare
analysis by NDPC, EMT, BoG and MoF policy brief on the
impact of COVID-19
on the attainment of
selected Macro-
economic projections.

Human Security Police-citizen ratio The ratio of the total number of police officers 1:769172 1:500174 1:694175
and Public to the country’s population 1:781173
Safety Change in reported cases of The change in the number of reported cases of
crime major crimes including rape, armed robbery and
-Murder murder, drug trafficking and drug-related crime 1.42% - -
-Rape expressed as a percentage of total number of
-Armed robbery reported cases of major crimes in the preceding
- Drug trafficking year
Fire officer-citizen ratio Ratio of fire officers to total population 1:2,379 1:800 1:2,440

Recorded incidence of fire Number of reported incidents of fire outbreaks 6,115 - -

outbreaks (Industrial, bush fires, domestic, vehicular,
institutional, commercial, others)
Recorded cases of foreigners Total number of foreigners without 20,582 - -
without residence/work resident/work permit arrested
permit arrested

Recorded cases of foreigners Total number of foreigners without - -

without residence/work resident/work permit processed and arraigned
permit prosecuted before court

172
2022 Annual Progress Report, Ministry of Interior
173
2021 National Annual Progress Report, National Development Planning Commission
174
UN recommended ratio
175
2022 Annual Progress Report, Ministry of Interior

Page 190 of 245

 Occupancy rate in prison/ Prison population expressed as a percentage of 37% - -
detention facilities total holding capacity
- Adult male
- Adult female
- Juvenile(M)
- Juvenile(F)
Net recruitment rate into the Rate of recruitment into the Ghana Armed 9.72% - -
Ghana Armed Forces Forces, Ghana Air Force, Ghana Navy, minus
the rate of loss of personnel through retirement, 10.06%
death etc.
0.34% (Policy of
extending the
retirement years from
25years to 30years)

Percentage of personnel Armed Forces personnel involved in 10.01% (A lot of - -

deployed in peacekeeping peacekeeping operations expressed as a missions have folded
operations percentage of the total number of personnel in up. Congo, Sudan
the Ghana Armed Forces missions folded)

Corruption and Proportion of corruption Number of corruption cases for which Office of the Special - -
Economic Crime cases for which prosecution prosecutions have been initiated as a percentage Prosecutor
has been initiated by: of all corruption cases received established and
 Office of the functioning
Special Prosecutor
Office of the

 Attorney General

Number of corruption cases Count of corruption related cases received by: - -

recorded and investigated by EOCO
state anti-corruption - investigated cases, - 463
institutions including - Prosecuted - 17
CHRAJ and EOCO - Obtained conviction - 1
- Recoveries from proceeds (GHS) - 2,829,293.43
CHRAJ
- investigated - 44 cases

Page 191 of 245

 Number of corruption cases The number of corruption related cases - - -
prosecuted by the Attorney- prosecuted by the Attorney-General Department
General Department
Number of corruption cases The number of corruption related cases - - -
prosecuted by the Special prosecuted by the special prosecutor
Prosecutor
Percentage of corruption Corruption cases for which investigations have - - -
cases investigated been carried out expressed as a percentage of
total number of corruption cases received
Corruption Perception Index Composite index of corruption which focuses 73 out of 180 - -
on corruption in the public sector including the
abuse of public office for private gain (i.e.,
bribes taken by public officials in public
procurement and recruitment)
Law and Order Number of lawyers called to Count of new lawyers called to the Bar in a
the Bar given year
- Called to the Bar: 785

Percentage of courts - -
automated

Percentage of cases settled Count of cases recorded and settled through

through Alternative Dispute ADR
Resolution (ADR) - Recorded - 9,578 - -

- Settled - 5,604

- Legal Aid received - 5,002

- Actual - 1,335

Un-sentenced detainees Total number of detainees awaiting trial as a - - -

proportion of overall prison population
Civil Society and Press Freedom Index-PFI A composite index of every kind of violation - - -
Civic directly affecting journalists including murder,
Engagement imprisonment, physical attacks and threats, news
media censorship, confiscation of newspaper
issues, searches and harassment.
Voice and accountability Composite index of 84 variables, from 50 - - -
Index sources that captures perceptions of citizens

Page 192 of 245

 about participate in selecting their Government,
as well as freedom of expression, freedom of
association, and a free media
Attitudinal Good Society Campaign Long-term national campaign to imbibe - - -
Change and strategy patriotism, productivity in all , including
Patriotism developing and promoting core national values.

Development National Policy Dialogues Counts of

Communications organized - National Development fora (NDF)
- - -
organized
- Mass Media Campaigns

Culture for L.I.s on lines of succession Number of LI (Documentation of rightful - 20 - -

National to stools and skins for successor to stools/skins)
Development rightful successors
Proportion of cultural centres Number of operational cultural centres in the - 0 - -
that are functional regions (i.e., museums, art centres, theatres)
expressed as percentage of total cultural centres
in the country
Number of Chieftaincy - Total no. of new cases - 76 - -
disputes recorded and - Total no. of unresolved chieftaincy - 451 - -
resolved disputes

Ghana’s Role in Enhance Ghana’s - - - One Summit

International International Image and on marine
Affairs Influence issues

Promote Ghana’s Political - - - No protocol

and Economic Interests on open skies
Abroad implemented.

Integrate Ghanaian Diaspora - - - Yet to

in National Development. establish
diaspora
database

Page 193 of 245

Appendix V: Linking the 2022 Budget to the Agenda for Jobs II

A/ Flagships programmes by Flagship Project/New Initiative 2022 Budgetary 2022 Revised Actual Payment
Development Dimensions Allocation (GHS) Budget (GHS)
(GHS)
Economic Establishment of a Stimulus Fund for distressed - - -
but commercial viable industries

GhanaCARES 1,033,000,000 40,000,000 -

YouStart 1,000,000,000 722,175,365 75,000,000

Planting for Food and Jobs 614,056,000 503,157,298 480,017,572

Tree Crops Development Authority 15,000,000 817,760.00 817,760.00

National Entrepreneurship and Innovation 15,535,000 11,185,200 2,449,964
Programme (NEIP)

Fish Landing Sites 77,200,000.00 14,880,000.00 10,982,988.50

Social Agenda 111 518,000,000 22,960,000 22,960,000

National School Feeding Programme 881,000,000.00 681,000,000.00 547,459,468.00
Water and Sanitation Initiative 147,999,000.00 112,719,509.00 39,935,944.71
Construction of Regional STEM Centres 63,000,000.00 400,000,000.00 48,463219.90
COVID-19 Vaccines - - -
National COVID-19 Response 300,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 203,100,000.00
Child / Human Trafficking Fund 2,000,000.00 154,517.32 154,517.32
Environment, Infrastructure One District One Factory Programme 216,296,000.00 216,295,000.00 95,200,202.00
and Human Settlement Infrastructure for Poverty Eradication Programme 1,024,650,000.00 689,674,794.00 230,312,304.75
National afforestation programme 107,000,000 107,000,000 107,000,000

Ghana Integrated Aluminium Dev't Company 26,167,000 7,076,871 1,426,554.78

Green Ghana Project 9,600,000 6,261,683.15 6,261,683.12

Sinohydro Project – Road Construction - - -

Programme

Page 194 of 245

 Operation Vanguard (Anti-Galamsey Operations 20,201,000 8,000,000 1,807,793.14
and REGSEC)

Alternative Employment and Livelihood Project 270,000,000 54,400,000 12,163,964.30

Total 6,340,704,000 3,204,157,997 1,885,513,937

B/ Flagship Programmes by Sectors 2022 Budget 2022 Revised 2022 Actual

Budget Payment
Ministry of Gender, Children & Social Protection - - -
Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) Programme 197,535,000.00 197,535,000.00 183,380,770.06
School Feeding Programme 881,000,000.00 681,000,000.00 547,459,468.00
Ministry of Health - - -
Nursing of Trainee Allowances 265,200,000.00 265,200,000.00 -
Ministry of Education - - -
Teacher Trainee Allowances
241,913,000.00 241,913,000.00 241,523,199.99
Free Senior High School Programme 2,299,999,000.00 2,080,795,386.00 1,376,072,615.00
Ministry of Lands and Forestry - - -
National Afforestation Programme 107,000,000.00 107,000,000 107,000,000
Ghana Bauxite and Aluminum Authority 26,167,000.00 7,076,871 1,426,554.78
Ministry of Roads and Highways - - 849,278,599.00
Road Infrastructure 1,735,272,000.00 1,487,077,891.00 1,750,639,045.00
Ministry of Trade and Industry - - -
One-District, One-Factory(1D1F) 216,296,000.00 216,296,000 -
Business Development 15,535,000.00 11,185,200.00 2,449,964.00
Africa Continental Free Trade Area Secretariat 6,200,000.00 6,200,000.00 1,226,577.00
Office of President
w o GM Hqtrs and Agencies - - -
Public Enterprises - - -
Scholarship - - -
Micro Finance and Small Loans Centre 50,000,000.00 36,000,000.00 5,905,067.27.00
Nation Builders Corps 520,000,000.00 339,446,671.00 252,500,003.00
National Identification Authority 200,000,000.00 130,000,000.00 119,629,636.10
Monitoring and Evaluation Secretariat - - -
Zongo Development Fund 154,200,000.00 61,024,000.00 11,763,291.55
Infrastructure for Poverty Eradication Programme 1,024,650,000.00 689,674,794.00 230,312,304.75
Home Rental Scheme 36,000,000.00 817,760.00 18,000,000.00

Page 195 of 245

 Council of State - - -
Ministry of Railway Development
Railway Development 579,970,000.00 575,590,233.00 95,471,445.06
Ministry of Local Government, Decentralisation & Rural Dev’t - - -
Regional Reorganisation and Development - - -
Total 8,556,937,000.00 7,133,832,806.00 4,944,759,942.00

C/ Summary of sector allocation and expenditure

Sector Classification 2021 Budget 2021 Actual 2022 Budget 2022 Revised Budget 2022 Actual

Administration - - - - -
Social 24,848,402,802.00 22,353,926,797.00 30,681,014,000.00 30,680,685,711.00 24,234,155,183.80

Economic 4,345,732,985 2,329,226,347.59 4,406,587,000.00 2,031,432,849.32 1,522,007,775.04

Infrastructure 4,225,382,829.97 3,882,572,503.99 7,236,165,000.00 6,459,848,783.56 1,441,633,256.40
Public Safety 6,478,619,944.00 6,266,303,998.00 8,813,657,000.00 9,023,454,677.00 7,684,241,914.00

Total 39,898,138,561.00 34,832,029,647.00 51,137,423,000.00 48,195,422,021.00 34,882,038,129.24.00

Appendix VI: Emergency Planning and COVID-19 Response

FOCUS AREA POLICY INDICATOR INDICATOR INDICATOR BASELINE TARG Actual

OBJECT S DEFINITION TYPE ETS
IVES YEA DATA 2022 2022
RS
Hydrometeorological Promote Number of Count of disaster Output 2020 2479 1,884 2,426
Threats proactive recorded occurrences across
planning incidence the
and of disasters country in a year
implemen across the
tation country
for
disaster
preventio
n and
mitigation

Page 196 of 245

Number of The number of Output 2020 1,184.3 655 456
deaths, people 0
missing who died, went
persons and missing or
directly were directly
affected affected by
persons disasters per
attributed to 100,000
disasters population
per 100,000
population.
Number of Count of Output 2020 3,351 5,200 144
communities communities that
trained in benefit from
disaster disaster
prevention prevention and
and management
management training
(fires, per annum
flooding, etc.)

Page 197 of 245

Number of Count of regional Outcome 2019 NADM Advoca NADMO collating data to draft
regional and and O c rhe Ghana Plan of Action for
district district capitals with spearhe y and Disaster Risk Reduction and
capitals developed city ad Sensitiz Climate Change Adaptation
implementing resilience ed and at
city Resilience action plans and circulat ion for
action plans commenced ed city
implementation letters resilien
to ce
all
Region
al
Coordi
nati
ng
Counci
ls,
informi
ng
them to
sign on
to
the
UNDR
R
'Makin
g
My
City
Resilie
nt'
Campa
ign
Number of Count of RCCs and Output 2020 152
RCCs and MMDAs with DRR
MMDAs plans
with disaster expressed as a
risk reduction percentage
(DRR) plans of total
RCCS/MMDAs

Page 198 of 245

 • RCCs 2 3
• MMDAs 0 52
National A national action Output 2019 NADM Stakeh Zero Draft
Action Plan plan O old
for developed to has er
Sendai implement prepare review
Framework the Sendai da and
Developed Framework for zero validati
Disaster Risk draft on
Reduction in of the
line with global action
requirements. plan
Enhance DRR Number of DRR Output - - -
coordinati committees committees
on established established in
among among the National and all -
key National and Regional
institution all Houses of Chiefs
s Regional • National
Houses of • Regional
Chiefs
Proportion of Count of DRR Process 2019 - -
DRR planning/coordinati
planning/coor on
dination meetings held with
meetings held traditional leaders
with the expressed as a
involvement percentage
of traditional of total meetings
leaders. held:
• National
• RCCs 50%
• MMDAs 50%

Page 199 of 245

Geological Threats Minimize Number of Count of buildings Outcome 2020 No 15% 15%
Ghana’s vulnerable vulnerable to databas risk
geological buildings in earthquakes, e quantifi
threats earthquake landslides and other on e
and related geological vulnera d (No.
landslide high hazards ble of
risk zones mapped buildin vulnera
mapped out gs bl
in e
earthqu buildin
ake gs
s and within
landsli 30%
de coverag
prone e area
zone, in
level the
of risk high
not risk
quantif zone
ied mapped
out
Earthquake count of early Output 2021 8 of 25
early warning warning 200
systems systems for
installed earthquakes
installed expressed
as a
percentage of total
number of early
warning
systems required
L.I. on site L.I. for the site Output 2020 No L.I. Draft
investigation investigation LI
certification certification docume
by GGSA by GGSA prior to n
prior to construction work, t
construction developed, passed develop
work by e
developed, d

Page 200 of 245

 passed by Parliament and
Parliament enforced
enforced and

Biological Threats Enhance Existence of An administrative Process 2020 0.00 30% Currently not in existence
surveillan administrative framework that comple
ce framework on clearly ti
system information identifies chain of on
and build flow command and
response information
capacity flow amongst
to relevant
prevent, agencies
detect, Constitutional Passage of the Output 2019 Draft 90% Yet to be enacted
contain, law/Act Health bill which health comple
and covering includes the bill ti
respond to emergency emergency prepare on
epidemics preparedness, preparedness and d
and response, response plan into
pandemic recovery and law
s mitigation
enacted
A national Formulation of the Output 2017 70% Draft has been prepared
emergency national emergency Interna comple
preparedness preparedness and tion ti
and response response plan al on
plan covering all Health
developed essential services Regula
providers in the tion
country (IHR)
prepare
d
for
Ghana

Page 201 of 245

Anthropogenic Minimise National 1. Board of experts Output 2020 No Executi The executive instrument of the
anthropog Contingency with a base ve National Contingency Planning
enic Planning representative from data instrum Board is ready for parliamentary
threats Board the Ghana Armed availab ent approval.
(NCPB) set up Forces, Ghana le ready
National Fire for
Service, DVLA, parliam
NADMO, ent
EPA, and Ghana approv
Atomic al
Agency/Nuclear
Board, established
Number of Count of well- Output 2020
well- resourced
resourced emergency centres
emergency established
centers
established
• National 1 1
• Regional 10 16
• District 11 52 6 regional, 41 district centres
Proportions of Count of gas station Outcome 2020 - -
Gas station facilities using
facilities SOPs as a
utilizing the percentage of all
Standard gas
Operation station facilities
Procedures
(SOPs)
Technology and Strengthe Mean Mean response time Outcome 2020 - No. of
Security Threats n National response time to a cyber-attack security
reparedne to once system events
ss against network administrator detecte
cybercrim intrusion becomes aware of it d
e and on
terrorism critical
systems

Page 202 of 245

 Budgetary Amount of Input 2020 - -
resource budgetary
allocated resource allocated
and released to
to the National Cyber
National Security
Cyber Authority in a given
Security year
Authority
Number of Count of MMDAs Output - - -
MMDAs with with security
trained personnel with
security advanced training
experts in cybercrime and
terrorist
modus operandi
expressed as a
percentage
Inter-Agency A task force with Output 2020 No -
task force for representation of all Inter
Counter- security services to Agenc
Terrorism coordinate efforts y
Established against task
terrorism force
Minimise Percentage of Count of recovered Output 2020 - - 424 confiscated illicit small arms
the small and weapons (small and were identified.
incidence light light)
of weapons compared against
organised recovered the estimated
crime number of
weapons in
circulation

Page 203 of 245

 Recorded Count of various Outcome 2020 499 - 846 rescued victims of Human
cases of crimes run by rescued Trafficking
organised enterprises victims
crime of criminals for of
• money profit expressed Human
laundering Traffic
• human king
trafficking
• firearms
trafficking
• illegal
gambling
• extortion,
• counterfeit
goods
• wildlife and
cultural
property
smuggling
Ensure Recorded Count of ethnic, Output - - -
safety of cases of political
life, violence and chieftaincy
property, linked to violence
and social economic, recorded in a year
wellbeing ethnic,
political and
chieftaincy
conflicts
Relief Operation and Enhance Number of Distribution of Output 2021 62, 982 145,00
Humanitarian relief disaster relief items 0
Assistance of Disaster operations victims distributed to
Victims and supported disaster
humanitar with relief victims
ian items.
welfare

Page 204 of 245

 Enhance Proportion of Count of small and Output - - -
industry SMEs medium scale
resilience provided enterprises
to shocks with COVID- provided with
(e.g., 19 recovery COVID-19
COVID- financial recovery incentives
19) support: as a
COVID-19 Response • Loans percentage of SMEs
COVID-19 Government Output - - -
related expenditure
expenditure on COVID-19
as a expressed as
percentage of a percentage of
GDP Gross
Domestic Product
(GDP)
Ensure Percentage of Number of Output - - -
resilient enterprises enterprises affected
and affected by by COVID-19 in
innovative COVID-19 in the tourism and
tourism the creative arts
and arts tourism and industry provided
industry creative arts with credit schemes
industry as a percentage of
provided with all COVID 19
credit affected enterprises
schemes in the tourism and
creative arts
industry
Sustain Number of Count of farmers Output - - -
agricultur farmers who are
e supported provided with
and rural with: access to
developm • agricultural agricultural inputs,
ent inputs extension and
• extension advisory
and advisory services and market
services
• markets

Page 205 of 245

Promote Percentage of Count of Output - - -
innovative primary, JHS, schools/institutions
and SHS, TVET with technologies
alternative and Tertiary or strategies to
learning schools/institu support remote
tions with learning
technologies expressed as a
or strategies to percentage of all
support schools/institutions
remote
learning
- - -
• Primary
• JHS - - -
- - -
• SHS
- - -
• TVET
- - -
• Tertiary
Proportion of Count of students Outcome - - -
students using using
remote remote learning
learning platforms
platforms as alternative ways
of
learning expressed
as a - - -
• Primary
percentage
- - -
• JHS
- - -
• SHS
• TVET - - -

• Tertiary - - -

Page 206 of 245

Ensure Existence of a A fully functional - - - -
secured logistics logistics
health management management
systems information information
system system
Existence of a A fully functional
health sector health
emergency sector emergency
response response system
system
Sustain Global food Output 2022 Moder -
food and security Index ate
nutrition (82 out
security 113
countri
es)
National Proportion of - 2020 12% -
food the
insecurity population at
risk of
hunger/ who
are food
insecure
Proportion of Count of MMDAs - - - -
MMDAs with with
actions/strateg strategies for
ies for identifying
identifying and addressing food
and and
addressing nutrition insecurity
food and expressed as a
nutrition percentage
insecurity of all MMDAs
Proportion of Count of MMDAs - - 40% 60%
MMDAs who
implementing have implemented
FNS actions more
in than 50% of their
their MTDPs FNS
actions expressed as

Page 207 of 245

 a
percentage

Reduce National National Output - - -

business Unemployme Unemployment
and nt Insurance scheme
workers’ Insurance for
vulnerabil scheme for workers established
ity to workers and functional
internal
and
external
shocks

Strengthe National National emergency Output - Bill Bill

n the emergency relief develo passed
social relief fund developed and ped
protection fund established
system to developed and
include established
emergenc
y
preparedn
ess and
response

Improve Number of Count of national Output - - -

water and good hygiene campaigns carried
sanitation sensitisations out
services undertaken through traditional
and non-traditional
means to
sustain good
hygiene practices in
a year

Page 208 of 245

 Enhance EPA’s online Proportion of Output - - -
environm services EPA’s online
ental system service operating at
protection fully optimal level
services operationalise expressed as
d percentage
Promote Number of Count of road and Output - - -
shock road and rail rail personnel
resilient personnel trained in resilient
constructi trained in technologies (ICTs,
on in the resilient etc.) in construction
road and technologies
rail in
sectors construction

Appendix VII: Implementation, Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation at the District level

Proportion of the population with valid NHIS Card (percent)

Baseline Target Actual
Region 2021 2022 2022
Ahafo 72.7 73.7 74.4
Ashanti 54.1 56.1 53.7
Bono 80.5 81.5 80.8
Bono East 68.5 69.5 71.0
Central 44.2 50.0 46.1
Eastern 63.2 64.2 61.8
Greater Accra 42.7 50.0 40.6
North East 54.0 55.0 55.3
Northern 40.7 50.0 45.5
Oti 37.3 50.0 41.9
Savannah 50.4 51.4 45.2
Upper East 73.4 74.4 70.5
Upper West 79.7 80.7 80.8

Page 209 of 245

 Volta 65.2 66.2 62.7
Western 48.5 50.0 49.8
Western North 57.4 58.4 58.9
Total 54.4 57.0 54.5

NHIS population coverage, 2018-2022

Region 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Ahafo 39.59 44.75 64.86 72.7 66.97
Ashanti 35.78 38.74 49.01 54.1 44.89
Bono 51.30 58.82 83.21 80.5 82.61
Bono East 45.81 50.54 70.01 68.5 73.83
Central 30.94 35.03 45.54 44.2 42.47
Eastern 38.66 41.74 56.03 63.2 54.03
Greater Accra 29.70 34.76 42.35 42.7 39.43
North East 35.55 42.72 59.19 54.0 57.34
Northern 32.23 38.06 48.77 40.7 47.37
Oti 22.75 28.32 35.44 38.8 39.02
Savannah 36.94 41.00 50.03 50.4 54.91
Upper East 54.47 57.93 74.88 73.4 77.42
Upper West 55.31 57.94 78.34 79.7 84.67
Volta 37.04 41.75 52.33 64.1 51.74
Western 29.50 35.25 44.56 48.5 49.56
Western North 34.41 40.94 56.31 57.4 58.66
Source: Nathional Health Insurance Authority and District Health Mangaemnt Information Ssytem 2

Institutional maternal mortality ratio per 100,000LB by region, 2017-2021

Page 210 of 245

 Region 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Ahafo 43.70 97.17 68.02 83.50 52.28
Ashanti 184.31 155.78 96.58 127.50 95.11
Bono 89.31 70.29 79.62 87.49 75.59
Bono East 79.92 105.33 91.52 71.71 81.89
Central 132.10 105.24 109.16 104.40 92.03
Eastern 124.26 139.07 143.11 112.09 119.98
Greater Accra 149.52 139.72 143.10 163.71 154.53
North East 105.46 59.86 58.79 84.46 20.35
Northern 136.18 143.98 120.23 98.60 49.81
Oti 56.74 54.93 93.93 61.08 5.19
Savannah 56.10 50.38 48.19 37.45 78.74
Upper East 91.10 79.23 90.73 97.99 65.41
Upper West 96.38 74.83 78.77 100.46 58.91
Volta 87.22 131.63 95.20 102.52 78.96
Western 134.30 106.08 113.01 118.62 85.60
Western North 79.16 34.88 60.93 75.58 57.35
Source: Nathional Health Insurance Authority and District Health Mangaemnt Information Ssytem 2
Under 5 Malaria Case Fatality Rate, 2017 -2021
Region 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Ahafo 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.00
Ashanti 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.02 0.02
Bono 0.15 0.17 0.13 0.14 0.05
Bono East 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.23 0.12
Central 0.12 0.07 0.13 0.05 0.02
Eastern 0.17 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.07
Greater Accra 0.16 0.19 0.1 0.08 0.14
North East 0.32 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.00

Page 211 of 245

 Northern 0.23 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.03
Oti 0.16 0.11 0.14 0.23 0.18
Savannah 0.17 0.07 0.23 0.07 0.11
Upper East 0.08 0.01 0 0.02 0.03
Upper West 0.24 0.14 0.26 0.14 0.16
Volta 0.13 0.19 0.28 0.25 0.10
Western 0.19 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.05
Western North 0.07 0.07 0.13 0.06 0.09
Source: Nathional Health Insurance Authority and District Health Mangaemnt Information Ssytem 2

Percentage of road network in good condition

Region GHA (Year) DUR (Year)
2021 2022 2021 2022
Western 22 percent 22 percent
20 percent 20 percent
Western North
Central 24 24 18 percent 18 percent
Greater Accra 27 percent 27 percent 26 percent 26 percent
Volta 19 percent 19 percent
28 percent 28 percent
Oti
Eastern 49 percent 49 percent 18 percent 18 percent
Ashanti 24 percent 24 percent 26 percent 26 percent
Ahafo 31 percent 31 percent 34 percent 34 percent

Page 212 of 245

 Bono
Bono East
Northern
Northeast 41 percent 41 percent 44 percent 44 percent
Savannah
Upper East 31 percent 31 percent 13 percent 13 percent
Upper West 25 percent 25 percent 32 percent 32 percent
Total
Source: Ministry of Roads and Highways Agencies Reports, 2023

Page 213 of 245

Number of communities affected by Disaster
Region Baseline Actual Target Actual Target Actual
2019 2020 2021 2021 2022 2022
Greater Accra 202 202 102 140 133 80
Eastern 226 226 149 153 145 181
Ashanti 603 603 209 407 407 474
Central 167 167 278 200 200 269
Western 335 335 120 128 140 163
Volta 302 302 96 282 282 162
Ahafo 217 217 40 40 60 38
Upper West 207 207 186 176 176 157
Upper East 177 177 206 118 118 75
Northern 170 170 119 204 204 174
Bono - - 128 119 119 94
Bono East - - 113 133 140 80
North East - 27 22 112 157 274
Savannah - 27 22 179 131 29
Western North - 33 26 83 - -
Oti - 81 65 113 113 89

Page 214 of 245

Electricity Situation
Item Region Number of communities covered by Regional Electricity Access Rate (percent)
electricity

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

1 Western 5 7 68 0 90.15 percent 90.67 percent 79.87 percent 94.10 percent

197 51 85.90 85.93
2 Western North 0 26 0 0 77.04 percent 77.26 percent 78.06 percent 81.56 percent
3 Central 49 37 9 6 4 10 88.84 88.84 88.69 percent 90.52 percent 90.57 percent 96.40 percent
4 Greater Accra 0 0 2 6 0 2 96.83 96.83 96.66 percent 96.83 percent 97.06 percent 98.59 percent
5 Volta 79 1 60 10 89.02 percent 83.26 percent 89.36 percent 92.20 percent
1 37 82.73 82.73
6 Oti 0 0 0 0 70.36 percent 70.36 percent 72.65 percent 72.65 percent
7 Eastern 185 60 118 10 5 10 81.29 81.29 81.60 percent 82.22 percent 82.22 percent 90.68 percent
8 Ashanti 37 33 33 33 49 41 91.45 91.45 91.57 percent 91.56 percent 91.79 percent 92.26 percent
9 Bono 25 67 0 69 90.93 percent 94.37 percent 94.64 percent 95.02 percent
10 Bono East 93 21 18 43 1 48 80.18 81.89 73.61 percent 75.89 percent 79.80 percent 75.69 percent
11 Ahafo 18 7 0 18 79.62 percent 80.80 percent 85.87 percent 80.25 percent
12 Northern 107 97 50 101 70.21 percent 73.81 percent 70.18 percent 71.69 percent
13 North East 13 11 0 8 12 12 62.73 62.73 59.12 percent 77.34 percent 73.08 percent 63.52 percent
14 Savannah 1 12 16 12 54.51 percent 61.51 percent 66.58 percent 67.03 percent
15 Upper East 12 21 11 34 7 16 60.62 60.62 60.65 percent 61.15 percent 74.75 percent 74.75 percent
16 Upper West 0 7 19 31 7 5 73.57 73.53 76.46 percent 74.11 percent 74.28 percent 74.91 percent
Total 587 278 445 388 279 354 84.10 84.32 84.98 85.17 87.03 88.75
NB-Increase in the access rate is as a result of towns whose electrification was completed in previous years but captured in the access database in 2022

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Total Revenue Performance of MMDAs, 2021 and 2022
Western Region
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
Shama 3,961,795.20 8,581,388.40 6,877,011.35 80.14 73.58
Prestea Huni Valley 14,287,189.56 19,308,558.09 22,953,283.09 118.88 60.66
Jomoro 4,179,961.32 10,583,936.79 6,629,553.91 62.64 58.6
Sekondi-Takoradi Metro 27,657,227.67 44,830,815.99 43,053,691.91 96.04 55.67
Wassa Amenfi East 6,357,043.85 9,424,160.00 9,548,545.52 101.32 50.2
Tarkwa Nsuaem Mun 17,836,521.36 30,527,177.00 26,533,161.85 86.92 48.76
Mpohor 5,230,064.12 9,982,403.06 7,200,992.06 72.14 37.68
Wassa Amenfi West 5,897,401.36 11,683,134.74 7,681,121.78 65.75 30.25
Nzema East Municipal 5,351,095.40 8,822,199.02 6,761,363.00 76.64 26.35
Ahanta West 9,371,877.20 20,282,038.27 11,443,531.69 56.42 22.11
Wassa East 7,286,970.74 10,683,729.79 7,538,916.50 70.56 3.46
Ellembele 10,676,647.33 14,254,541.00 10,716,477.75 75.18 0.37
Wassa Amenfi Central 8,005,279.00 8,308,171.55 6,560,842.30 78.97 -18.04
Effia-Kwesimintsim 20,083,551.68 42,356,988.13 13,988,355.10 33.02 -30.35
Total 146,182,625.79 249,629,241.83 187,486,847.81 75.11 28.26
Savannah Region
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
North Gonja 1,803,350.29 4,442,238.00 3,307,729.46 74.46 83.42
Central Gonja 4,040,433.79 8,011,655.04 5,254,071.34 48.83 30.04
Sawla - Tuna - Kalba 2,977,933.51 5,215,246.50 3857312.68 73.96 29.53
East Gonja Municipal 4,450,460.47 12,532,085.00 5,206,524.70 41.55 16.99
West Gonja 3,377,393.93 9,703,905.01 3,751,213.57 38.66 11.07
Bole 6,778,428.87 8,963,905.12 6,826,578.17 76.16 0.71
North East Gonja 2,719,145.30 7,857,908.00 2,438,587.82 31.03 -10.32
Total 26,147,146.16 56,726,942.67 30,642,017.74 54.02 17.19

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North East Region
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
Chereponi 3,391,116.40 8,455,689.68 5,581,724.21 66.01 64.6
Bunkpurugu - Nakpaduri 7,013,106.91 8,007,701.78 8,336,300.50 104.1 18.87
Yunyoo-Nasuam 3,037,018.94 7,092,794.86 3,175,829.23 44.78 4.57
Mamprugu Moaduri 4,194,323.04 6,668,068.85 3,667,155.49 55 -12.57
West Mamprusi Mun 6,816,372.52 9,769,401.29 4,248,642.87 43.49 -37.67
East Mamprusi Mun 13,907,183.77 8,470,937.34 8,632,558.28 101.91 -37.93
Total 38,359,121.58 48,464,593.80 33,642,210.58 69.42 -12.3
Western North Region
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
Juaboso 2,161,990.13 8,455,140.15 5,821,099.90 68.85 169.25
Suaman 4,088,046.71 10653260.38 6,211,733.91 58.31 51.95
Bibiani Anhw. Bekwai 8,146,307.24 13,761,930.00 12,268,514.64 89.15 50.6
Total 43,166,678.89 94,530,827.37 64,722,208.08 68.47 49.94
Bodie 4,515,908.32 7,888,650.99 6,396,008.03 81.08 41.63
Aowin 6,092,499.69 11,660,298.24 8,116,040.12 69.6 33.21
Sefwi Akontombra 3,192,984.78 7,760,507.01 3,961,109.00 51.04 24.06
Bia West 4,988,723.22 8,231,755.00 6,043,091.42 73.41 21.14
Bia East 3,661,187.61 7,403,503.07 4,424,773.87 59.77 20.86
Sefwi Wiawso 11,307,754.41 18,715,782.53 11,479,837.19 61.34 1.52
Total 91,322,081.00 189,061,654.74 129,444,416.16 68.47 41.74
Oti Region
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
Nkwanta North 2,874,818.04 7,176,749.53 5,002,764.50 69.71 74.02
Nkwanta South 2,442,497.99 6,937,698.81 4,023,402.00 57.99 64.72
Krachi East 3,699,215.77 9,151,940.34 4,724,325.25 51.62 27.71
Biakoye 2,641,812.42 5,932,229.00 3,361,495.36 56.66 27.24
Kadjebi 3,330,847.34 7,081,998.37 4,188,398.49 59.14 25.75
Krachi Nchumuru 2,692,823.04 5,638,878.36 2,945,700.24 52.24 9.39

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 Krachi West 3,331,020.54 5,109,384.81 3,344,077.65 65.45 0.39
Jasikan 2,393,769.42 5,432,229.00 2,014,625.76 37.09 -15.84
Total 23,406,804.56 52,461,108.22 29,604,789.25 56.43 26.48
Bono Region
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
Banda 1,382,572.83 5,784,245.00 5,882,491.68 101.7 325.47
Wenchi 3,251,327.00 17,665,201.68 11,654,350.25 65.97 258.45
Berekum West 4,907,882.81 8,488,680.04 6,973,953.35 82.16 42.1
Berekum West 4,907,882.81 8,488,680.04 6,973,953.35 82.16 42.1
Jaman North 6,575,505.09 8,990,287.73 8,700,570.07 96.78 32.32
Jaman South 3,922,819.18 6,334,596.00 4,851,289.76 76.58 23.67
Sunyani Municipal 6,075,920.33 9,100,217.56 6,444,683.07 70.82 6.07
Dormaa East 8,367,322.58 13,385,584.69 8,526,140.25 63.7 1.9
Sunyani West 12,693,302.14 14,271,354.73 12,009,235.89 84.15 -5.39
Dormaa West 5,499,238.43 7,390,086.00 4,465,430.09 60.42 -18.8
Dormaa Central Mun 6,651,049.23 16,956,536.31 4,633,394.95 27.33 -30.34
Tain 5,632,106.35 6,750,794.59 3,204,950.11 47.48 -43.1
Total 52,616,172.85 123,606,264.37 84,320,442.82 68.22 60.26
Upper West Region
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
Jirapa 3,999,069.12 10,081,801.99 7,238,776.05 71.8 81.01
Wa East 4,087,885.40 13,040,219.24 7,049,790.70 54.06 72.46
Wa West 2,273,386.80 8,888,513.16 3,792,578.25 42.67 66.83
Daffiam-Bussie-Issa 2,412,928.23 4,795,415.20 3,731,327.40 77.81 54.64
Sissala East 5,833,019.11 5,981,669.61 7,088,850.92 118.51 21.53
Lawra 2,416,795.78 8,548,500.00 2876859.09 33.65 19.04
Lambusie/Karni 5,293,581.87 7,402,773.01 5,268,894.77 71.17 -0.47
Sissala West 1,618,830.01 6,723,394.41 1,605,728.95 23.88 -0.81
Nandom 5,228,848.34 10,268,988.43 4,607,079.57 44.86 -11.89
Nadowli/Kaleo 5,637,392.72 6,780,632.30 3,880,152.16 57.22 -31.17

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Wa Municipal 14,512,979.78 22,659,734.04 6,269,108.19 27.67 -56.8
Total 53,314,717.16 105,171,641.39 53,409,146.05 50.78 0.18
Ahafo Region
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
Tano South Municipal 7,968,891.68 12,656,744.51 10,504,177.85 82.99 31.81
Tano North Municipal 3,915,502.02 8,423,652.65 4,934,541.84 58.58 26.03
Asunafo North Mun 8,807,707.11 15,440,882.62 10,436,749.46 67.59 18.5
Asutifi North 15,343,734.93 26,677,147.52 17,905,870.37 67.12 16.7
Asunafo South 5,632,774.83 9,138,719.82 5,754,122.21 62.96 2.15
Asutifi South 6,676,859.07 8,072,823.86 4,832,798.86 59.87 -27.62
Total 48,345,469.64 80,409,970.98 54,368,260.59 67.61 12.46
Bono East Region
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
Kintampo South 4,562,919.49 12,151,238.18 8,435,465.98 69.42 84.87
Atebubu-Amantin Mun 6,167,169.33 11,405,675.65 8,341,122.49 73.13 35.25
Sene West 3,076,647.41 7,182,359.56 3,959,519.00 55.13 28.7
Nkoranza South 3,594,567.37 8,268,263.63 4,176,361.12 50.51 16.19
Techiman North Mun 7,446,944.06 12,122,805.45 8,595,791.59 70.91 15.43
Pru East 5,468,879.07 10,600,019.36 6,204,243.95 58.53 13.45
Nkoranza North 4,212,180.35 8,203,123.30 4,594,933.31 56.01 9.09
Pru West 4,141,654.78 7,761,620.27 4,477,773.59 57.69 8.12
Techiman Municipal 20,110,480.11 36,486,497.46 18,616,734.14 51.02 -7.43
Kintampo North Mun 9,263,447.14 11,914,155.30 8,561,644.84 71.86 -7.58
Sene East 5,269,005.98 8,477,824.64 3,054,022.15 36.02 -42.04
Total 73,313,895.09 134,573,582.80 79,017,612.16 58.72 7.78
Volta Region
MMDAs Actual 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
Anloga 2,301,509.87 10,189,299.56 6,826,781.72 67 196.62
Keta 2,133,521.05 8,929,798.80 5,598,358.73 62.69 162.4
Akatsi South 4,239,115.45 10,207,115.38 7,678,026.22 75.22 81.12

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Adaklu 2,795,971.52 5,339,889.56 4,629,116.72 86.69 65.56
South Tongu 2,550,126.18 7,102,918.86 4,188,784.01 58.97 64.26
Afadzato South 2,554,818.21 13,055,241.00 4,030,383.60 30.87 57.76
Ho West 5,447,456.11 10,078,174.80 8,131,125.30 80.68 49.26
North Dayi 2,680,161.25 6,981,218.56 3,923,736.47 56.2 46.4
Ketu South 6,635,639.87 13,271,354.89 8,908,588.78 67.13 34.25
Ketu North 5,767,255.29 10,215,626.34 7,429,957.21 72.73 28.83
Agortime Ziope 2,552,656.47 7,098,124.56 2,960,472.30 41.71 15.98
South Dayi 5,233,278.22 7,254,187.58 5,943,753.14 81.94 13.58
Kpando 4,505,426.99 12,562,840.00 4,669,756.22 37.17 3.65
Central Tongu 3,181,726.35 6,825,994.67 3,024,925.56 44.31 -4.93
North Tongu 4,089,268.20 7,373,137.95 3,368,437.07 45.69 -17.63
Hohoe 12,084,632.08 38,759,898.94 9,195,527.41 23.72 -23.91
Akatsi North 3,801,887.27 875,911.91 2,745,654.01 313.46 -27.78
Ho Municipal 12,234,600.02 32,393,410.24 6,842,849.70 21.12 -44.07
Total 84,789,050.40 208,514,143.60 100,096,234.17 48 18.05
Greater Accra Region
MMDAs Actual 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
Ayawaso East Mun. 5,980,218.90 14,196,922.00 13,533,494.37 95.33 126.3
Krowor Mun 5,464,271.08 19,584,999.66 12,010,043.10 61.32 119.79
Ayawaso Central Mun 3,324,964.24 8,888,699.71 6,907,163.17 77.71 107.74
Ablekuma Central Mun 6,945,908.96 18,939,010.82 11,819,719.80 62.41 70.17
Ledzokuku Mun. 11,247,019.58 18,657,705.60 16,187,140.40 86.76 43.92
Ablekuma West Mun 9,586,176.41 14,625,443.00 13,530,485.12 92.51 41.15
Ablekuma North Mun. 11,053,334.43 18,473,958.05 15,271,890.00 82.67 38.17
Ayawaso North Mun 6,867,718.49 23,343,043.00 9,438,974.23 40.44 37.44
Ayawaso West Mun. 14,797,295.30 24,900,623.00 20,450,556.84 82.13 37.44
Korle Klottey Mun 17,128,148 25,496,432.00 23,437,746 91.93 36.84
Ada West 6,427,085.10 10,221,430.65 8,604,282.07 84.18 33.88
La Nkwantanmang Madina 8,682,517.75 14,769,057.02 10,975,896.75 74.32 26.41

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Ga South Mun. 12,183,103.03 21,171,666.81 15,138,870.83 71.51 24.26
Okaikwe North Mun. 12,764,399.23 24,287,049.25 15,157,633.87 62.41 18.75
Ga West 13,902,682.70 16,672,082.81 16,304,804.83 97.8 17.28
Ada East Dist. 4,791,295.74 10,046,774.57 5,536,813.90 55.11 15.56
La Dade-Kotopon Mun. 17,911,888.51 23,798,752 20,695,911.39 86.96 15.54
Kpone-Kantamanso Mun. 22,274,142.92 33,497,007.49 25,725,675.31 76.8 15.5
Ga North Mun 11,419,302.30 18,592,901.97 13,117,206.34 70.55 14.87
Tema Metro 38,207,735.67 46,775,155.89 42,365,164.16 90.57 10.88
Adentan Mun. 23,433,349.38 30,519,428.41 24,932,741.99 81.69 6.4
Ashaiman Mun. 14,123,711.68 17,375,646.11 14,672,442.24 84.44 3.89
Weija-Gbawe Mun 11,596,060.07 17,210,517.59 11,523,284.58 66.95 -0.63
Tema West Mun 14,368,607.54 24,901,167.05 20,808,071.49 83.56 -0.63
Shai Osoduku Dist. 7,455,257.46 8,317,547.12 6,817,293.48 81.96 -8.56
Accra Metro. 29,911,725.00 28,901,501.02 21,836,733.48 75.56 -27
Ningo Prampram Dist. 14,786,786.15 19,081,832.16 10,742,140.97 56.3 -27.35
Ga East Mun. 17,609,382.98 18,179,063.17 11,989,632.31 65.95 -31.91
Ga Central Mun. 7,701,724.76 12,340,953.00 -100
Total 381,945,813.36 583,766,370.93 439,531,813.02 75.85 15.08
Eastern Region
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
West Akim 4,255,111.82 19,357,672.23 12,450,309.19 64.32 192.6
Okere 3,094,412.63 11,019,743.85 7,112,448.16 64.54 129.85
Atiwa East 4,024,964.86 7,456,189.92 8,546,458.21 114.62 112.34
Achiase 2,582,773.03 7,233,653.00 4,414,139.99 61.02 70.91
Birim North 10,122,009.36 15,947,264.62 15,122,674.38 94.83 49.4
Upper Manya Krobo 3,002,726.88 8,014,353.79 4,267,030.63 53.24 42.11
Asuogyaman 5,352,490.23 10,572,094.51 7,477,818.39 70.73 39.71
Kwahu East 5,366,954.35 10,291,390.58 7,318,093.56 71.11 36.35
Kwahu South 5,754,477.88 9,395,569.91 7,733,536.94 82.31 34.39
Asene/Manso/Akroso 4,606,043.13 9,121,147.56 6,132,908.04 67.24 33.15

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Akyemansa 3,475,072.59 7,430,725.26 4,580,190.91 61.64 31.8
Fanteakwa South 5,540,159.81 8,562,878.89 7,212,871.34 84.23 30.19
Akwapim South 7,437,973.31 11,723,404.69 9,599,127.12 81.88 29.06
Fanteakwa North 6,427,278.86 10,773,202.00 8,130,239.41 75.47 26.5
Abuakwa North 6,427,278.86 10,773,202.00 8,130,239.41 75.47 26.5
Kwahu Afram Plains North 6,359,223.42 10,688,463.89 7,944,499.61 74.33 24.93
Birim South 5,622,500.30 8,911,000.50 6,962,432.06 78.13 23.83
Kwahu West 9,775,501.45 13,665,510.80 12,079,243.50 88.39 23.57
Kwaebibirim 3,838,756.63 7,869,672.99 4,709,370.78 59.84 22.68
Kwahu Afram Plains South 3,999,677.96 8,665,014.39 4,834,779.19 55.8 20.88
Akuapem North 8,028,442.06 10,697,488.80 9,208,617.68 86.08 14.7
Atiwa West 7,679,916.59 12,062,262.20 8,655,522.41 71.76 12.7
Nsawam Adoagyiri 10,116,478.92 11,522,005.37 11,114,402.29 96.46 9.86
Ayensuano 3,835,142.46 2,587,064.98 4,081,642.62 157.77 6.43
Yilo Krobo 8,602,745.04 12,230,720.12 8,356,317.07 68.32 -2.86
New Juaben North 4,686,015.79 7,963,053.62 4,473,287.33 56.18 -4.54
Denkyembour 6,044,644.67 8,825,069.93 5,694,143.98 64.52 -5.8
Upper West Akim 6,148,398.32 3,999,514.05 4,975,636.75 124.41 -19.07
New Juaben South 17,222,819.01 36,399,255.00 13,633,076.92 37.45 -20.84
Birim Central 13,548,243.88 39,004,295.00 10,617,678.07 27.22 -21.63
Suhum 7,709,593.75 7,021,108.82 5,678,111.71 80.87 -26.35
Lower Manya Krobo 10,132,706.86 20,828,767.50 4,684,866.12 22.49 -53.76
Totals 210,820,534.71 380,612,760.77 245,931,713.77 64.61 16.65
Ashanti Region
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
Bekwai Mun 4,042,686.75 14,799,772.86 11,516,199.22 77.81 184.86
Asokore Mampong 4,209,759.22 9,929,796.00 11,400,997.37 114.82 170.82
Adansi South 3,278,039.61 10,471,882.89 7,837,226.80 74.84 139.08
Asante Akim North 3,740,992.80 10,514,335.83 8,504,846.06 80.89 127.34
Bosomtwi 5,339,872.94 13,661,761.26 9,976,334.63 73.02 86.83

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Bosome Freho 2,177,627.03 7,027,292.30 3,564,933.28 50.73 63.71
Juaben 4,640,879.35 10,422,771.20 7,556,960.70 72.5 62.83
Atwima Nwabiagya North 4,678,883.21 9,544,880.76 7,241,195.88 75.86 54.76
Atwima Nwabiagya Mun 3,777,620.67 2,802,409.53 5,669,408.46 202.3 50.08
Asanti Akim Central 3,418,776.05 9,623,129.84 5,119,130.14 53.2 49.74
Atwima-Kwanwoma 6,905,864.69 11,742,546.54 10,265,089.50 87.42 48.64
Obuasi East 6,859,966.50 15,092,755.80 10,098,200.70 66.91 47.2
Ahafo Ano South West 5,492,619.58 11,146,346.85 7,815,682.40 70.12 42.29
Oforikrom 8,611,925.56 23,175,944.33 12,230,854.60 52.77 42.02
Sekyere South 6,680,892.24 12,127,967.23 9,451,641.82 77.93 41.47
Amansie South 7,180,796.30 13,000,437.13 9,975,331.31 76.73 38.92
Afigya Kwabre North 4,991,027.38 9,915,905.00 6,867,026.23 69.25 37.59
Ejura Sekyedumase 5,957,073.44 9,814,662.89 8,104,460.99 82.58 36.05
Kwadaso 10,024,006.62 23,729,055.01 12,664,974.72 53.37 26.35
Akrofuom 5,834,450.06 12,239,585.22 7,304,034.75 59.68 25.19
Offinso Municipal 10,144,784.84 14,576,848.94 12,609,924.35 86.51 24.3
Sekyere Afram Plains 4,766,208.90 8,748,900.00 5,921,487.32 67.68 24.24
Asokwa 19,114,673.69 50,407,792.80 23,516,187.42 46.65 23.03
Afigya Kwabre South 11,572,237.22 18,803,869.19 14,174,393.93 75.38 22.49
Asante Akim South 6,640,221.51 10,965,001.16 7,906,186.29 72.1 19.07
Ahafo Ano South East 2,369,181.41 8,873,336.80 2,813,907.91 31.71 18.77
Kumasi Metro. 43,610,625.87 54,139,964.30 51,728,102.50 95.55 18.61
Ahafo Ano North 6,199,677.10 10,006,081.50 7,252,005.09 72.48 16.97
Adansi North 6,282,010.85 9,597,286.30 7,133,137.67 74.32 13.55
Amansie West 8,290,084.69 13,231,169.32 9,178,464.25 69.37 10.72
Mampong Municipal 7,232,668.92 10,830,630.33 7,596,475.99 70.14 5.03
Adansi Asokwa 4,672,389.55 7,131,425.68 4,793,926.86 67.22 2.6
Sekyere Kumawu 8,093,555.78 10,545,829.13 7,860,620.47 74.54 -2.88
Sekyere East 8,816,412.09 12,588,434.03 7,463,614.15 59.29 -15.34
Sekyere Central 8,484,214.24 9,510,687.00 7,178,959.32 75.48 -15.38

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Ejisu 10,074,998.53 16,127,417.98 8,489,123.69 52.64 -15.74
Suame 19,159,068.56 49,380,000.00 15,133,841.13 30.65 -21.01
Atwima - Mponua 10,047,686.98 12,379,132.03 7,918,817.65 63.97 -21.19
Amansie Central 6,694,546.82 9,147,863.03 5,078,367.60 55.51 -24.14
Obuasi Mun 14,517,366.96 34,848,526.88 9,963,201.55 28.59 -31.37
Offinso North 10,055,344.35 11,160,792.00 6,419,292.69 57.52 -36.16
Old Tafo 15,584,371.60 13,572,270.88 9,119,010.10 67.19 -41.49
Kwabre East 7,742,690.58 9,043,224.57 3,026,806.88 33.47 -60.91
Total 358,008,781.04 646,399,722.32 415,440,384.37 64.27 16.04
Upper East Region
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
Garu 2,249,525.60 18,861,528.99 8,767,285.81 46.48 289.74
Talensi 6,845,253.59 11,335,156.74 12,226,732.45 107.87 78.62
Builsa South 4,168,677.19 12,045,094.46 6,692,490.97 55.56 60.54
Builsa North 4,817,693.23 6,948,748.88 7,226,874.41 104 50.01
Bawku West 3,451,634.46 7,917,502.92 4,529,450.79 57.21 31.23
Kassena - Nankana Mun 6,474,607.60 9,998,972.20 8,442,053.81 84.43 30.39
Bongo 3,072,420.44 9,523,007.13 3,847,383.35 40.4 25.22
Binduri 3,272,863.89 4,705,205.34 3,981,269.87 84.61 21.64
Nabdam 4,255,653.86 8,683,754.62 5,129,508.02 59.07 20.53
Bawku Mun 7,515,775.92 29,624,238.00 8,979,481.90 30.31 19.48
Bolgatanga Municipal 12,251,050.30 19,087,286.36 9,533,033.18 49.94 -22.19
Pusiga 7,662,156.20 12,051,321.00 3,856,950.93 32 -49.66
Kassena-Nankana West 6,652,973.48 7,672,136.00 2,263,998.68 29.51 -65.97
Total 72,690,285.76 158,453,952.64 85,476,514.17 53.94 17.59
Central Region
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
Assin South 2,188,395.46 9,845,867.00 5,647,215.76 57.36 158.05
Asikuma-Odoben-Brakwa 3,735,601.77 20,162,912.41 8,097,962.29 40.16 116.78
Abura-Asebu-Kwaman. 2,726,276.32 7,697,843.59 5,573,824.85 72.41 104.45

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Ajumako-Enyam-Essiam 4,049,584.50 11,468,027.91 7,237,019.49 63.11 78.71
Twifu Ati-Morkwa 4,119,368.15 11,161,772 7,051,776.00 63.18 71.19
Upper Denkyira East 5,265,415.40 9,684,642.97 6,877,857.59 71.02 30.62
Gomoa Central 3,985,374.28 10,780,458.82 5,157,320.30 47.84 29.41
Effutu Municipal 7,148,536.07 17,423,835.60 9,026,904.55 51.81 26.28
Gomoa West 3,822,300.22 7,031,420.83 4,825,003.96 68.62 26.23
Gomoa East 5,376,967.55 12,158,461.25 6,662,097.02 54.79 23.9
Cape Coast Metro 11,664,279.03 17,636,915.46 14,360,378.01 81.42 23.11
Agona East 5,224,390.55 9,501,728.28 6,365,557.93 66.99 21.84
Komenda-Edina-Egu. -Abr. 9,023,770.46 12,576,523.90 10,720,745.35 85.24 18.81
Assin Fosu 6,627,708.48 11,025,509.31 7,800,178.60 70.75 17.69
Twifu-Hemang Lower Denkyira 5,647,530.90 9,401,456.00 6,391,007.57 67.98 13.16
Ekumfi 5,878,404.31 9,790,117.62 5,629,670.27 57.5 -4.23
Awutu Senya East 16,035,313.75 44,437,602.86 15,343,273.75 34.53 -4.32
Assin North 5,956,334.70 7,222,951.65 4,013,999.08 55.57 -32.61
Agona West 10,125,298.51 19,857,768.54 6,270,423.12 31.58 -38.07
Mfantseman 12,456,129.19 30,020,629.62 5,296,960.21 17.64 -57.48
Upper Denkyira West 9,216,225.24 11,376,506.00 793,218.25 8.61 -91.39
Awutu Senya 11,577,402.98 13,004,887.64 0 0 -100
Total 151,850,607.82 313,267,839.26 149,142,393.95 46.89 -1.78
Northern Region
MMDAs Baseline 2021 Target 2022 Actual 2022 Coverage Growth
Gushiegu 1293020.34 3,211,342.73 148.36
Kpandai 4,104,496.56 19,476,494.22 9,636,821.72 49.48 134.79
Mion 2,632,425.45 6,615,092.00 4,549,459.07 68.77 72.82
Savelugu 1,563,590.87 5,836,232.00 2,403,323.00 41.18 53.71
Nanumba South 4,632,930.68 8,744,988.82 6,827,975.38 78.08 47.38
Tolon 2,966,221.84 8,505,655.91 4,312,413.73 50.7 45.38
Yendi Municipal 5,975,266.15 19,538,921.00 7,906,273.01 40.46 32.32
Saboba 4,600,917.69 8,491,936.00 5,418,482.95 63.81 17.77
Kumbugu 8,955,376.15 11,093,239.02 9,277,212.19 83.63 3.59

Page 225 of 245

 Tamale Metro 18,280,501.58 29,933,475.69 18,931,374.87 63.24 3.56
Tatale Sanguli 2,435,909.91 6,948,998.20 2,451,369.13 35.28 0.63
Nanton 3,222,461.91 11,145,901.09 3,187,768.90 28.6 -1.08
Zabzugu 5,591,878.16 4,809,441.58 3,754,745.28 78.07 -32.85
Karaga 8,766,320.20 3,396,800.29 5,829,489.98 171.62 -33.5
Sagnerigu 12,177,160.24 26805874.31 7,559,426.96 28.2 -37.92
Nanumba North 5,181,345.56 72,971.00 27,573.96 37.79 -99.47
Total 92,379,823.29 171,416,021.13 95,285,052.86 57.99 3.14

Category of 2022 NHIS Annual Active Membership by Region

Region Adult Aged Children Indigents Pregnant SSNIT SSNIT Total Share of
Informal Under 18 Women Contributors Pensioners total
Ahafo 130,744 14,268 169,452 83,121 13,376 13,157 1,967 426,085 2.5
Ashanti 1,132,224 130,153 1,251,314 198,483 120,995 104,436 17,376 2,954,980 17.2
Bono 346,120 38,702 412,803 144,828 21,584 32,156 5,241 1,001,435 5.8
Bono East 280,275 28,692 381,436 132,298 29,859 21,584 2,953 877,097 5.1
Central 454,153 61,695 571,633 128,409 69,802 55,129 8,221 1,349,043 7.9
Eastern 712,979 99,777 810,045 43,444 66,867 78,109 14,426 1,825,647 10.6
Great Accra 918,578 89,343 873,585 152,350 108,540 117,151 21,109 2,280,656 13.3
North East 77,785 10,192 160,541 101,109 20,318 5,375 439 375,759 2.2
Northern 244,352 32,674 423,924 211,611 88,879 27,462 2,404 1,031,307 6.0
Oti 104,305 14,218 131,141 35,093 21,833 10,112 1,113 317,815 1.9
Savannah 90,210 9,607 149,521 79,561 26,502 7,245 702 363,348 2.1
Upper East 279,395 49,436 447,803 94,185 34,953 26,912 2,394 935,077 5.4
Upper West 188,002 21,486 259,644 227,802 25,049 20,638 2,099 744,721 4.3
Volta 288,488 51,736 307,183 319,550 33,594 43,736 8,011 1,052,297 6.1
Western 403,760 35,048 464,850 47,738 43,378 44,135 7,662 1,046,571 6.1
West North 190,275 14,997 222,722 64,558 20,853 14,209 1,873 529,488 3.1
National 5,857,505 702,968 7,056,825 2,071,252 751,389 623,060 98,201 17,161,199 100
Percentages 34.1 4.1 41.1 12.1 4.4 3.6 0.6 100 -

Page 226 of 245

Key Road projects carried out in 2022
Name of the project Expected
Location (place Source of Planned Expenditure Outstanding Commencement
completion Status Remarks
and district) funding budget to date balance date
date
Accra Urban Transport Project
(AUTP) 1. Pokuase Interchange Accra Loan $95M $94 1M April,18 22 99% Excellent
& related road works.
Eastern Corridor Road
Greater Accra - Approx
Development Programme Loan 755,000 99M April,20 24 3% Ongoing
Volta $100M
(ECRDP PHASE 1)
Supply of Steel Bridges for the
Enhancement of Rural Loan/
Nationwide $10M $10M - Nov.12 Mar.18 100% Completed
Development on Selected Feeder Grant
Roads
Design and build of selected
Roads in Sekondi and Takoradi, Sekondi/Takoradi Loan $65M - - Aug.22 Aug.24 15% Ongoing
Ph 1
Construction of the Obetsebi
Lamptey Interchange and related Accra Loan $35M $35M - Nov.19 Nov.20 100% Completed
works Ph 1
Construction of the Obetsebi
Lamptey Interchange and related Accra Loan $87M $57M $30M Mar.21 Aug.22 83% Ongoing
works Ph 2
Accra Intelligent Traffic
Management System and Road
Accra Loan $47M $36M $11M Jun.22 Jun.22 75% Ongoing
Completion Project-La Beach
Road Completion Project Lot, 1
Accra Intelligent Traffic
Management System and Road
Accra Loan $51M $44M $7M Jun.22 Nov. 22 86% Ongoing
Completion Project-La Beach
Road Completion Project Lot, 2
Construction of Accra Intelligent
Accra Loan $50M $10M $40M Mar.20 Dec.21 51% Ongoing
Traffic Control Centre-DUR HQ
Engineering Procurement
Installation and Commissioning
Accra Loan $100 $20M $80 Mar.20 Aug.21 41% Ongoing
of Accra Metropolitan Area
Traffic Management Project
Design, Supply and Installation of
Loan/
50 component of small and Nationwide $46M $15M $31M Dec.19 Jan.22 63% Ongoing
Grant
medium steel bridges
Transport Sector Improvement
Northern Region Loan $187M $30M $157 Aug.18 Jun.25 19% Ongoing
Project (TSIP)

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Construction of Bridge on the
Volta Loan ¥11,239M ¥169.7M ¥11,069M Jun.17 Nov.25 - Ongoing
Volta Lake
The Project for Rehabilitation of
National Trunk Road N8 (Phase Accra Loan ¥6,486M ¥589.5M ¥5,896.5 Nov.19 Dec.22 28% Ongoing
2)
Tema Motorway Roundabout
Accra Loan ¥3,265.4M ¥2,724.9M ¥540.5M Oct.20 Jan.23 66% Ongoing
Improvement Phase 2
Dome – Kitase Road Project Accra Loan $2.2M $ 299,862 $1.9M Sept.19 Sept.22 13% Ongoing
Benchema - Adwufia Section
Western Region Loan $43 - - Dec.19 Dec.22 94% Stalled
(38Km)
Construction/Rehabilitation of
Selected Roads and Interchanges Western and Cape
Loan $36M $35M $1M Dec.19 Jun.2022 100% Completed
in Ghana-Phase 1 Lot 7 (Western Coast
and Cape Coast Inner City Roads)
Construction /Rehabilitation of
Selected Roads and Interchanges $0 Yet to
Accra Loan $45M $0 Jun.23 -
in Ghana -Phase 1 lot 1 (Accra commerce
Inner City Roads)
Construction /Rehabilitation of
Selected Roads and Interchanges $23M
Sunyani Loan $45M $22M Dec.20 Jun.23 80% Ongoing
in Ghana -Phase 1 lot 6 (Sunyani
Inner City Roads)
Construction /Rehabilitation of
Selected Roads and Interchanges
Kumasi Loan $73M $0 $ Dec.21 Dec.23 18% Ongoing
in Ghana -Phase 1 lot 2 (Kumasi
Inner City Roads)
Construction of Tamale $7M
Tamale Loan $35M $28M Jul.19 Jul.21 99% Ongoing
Interchange
Construction of Kwame Nkrumah $49M
Takoradi Loan $56M $7M Dec.20 Jul.22 79% Ongoing
Interchange, Takoradi
Construction of Hohoe - Jasikan - $8M
Volta Loan €45M €37 Dec.19 May.22 100% Completed
Dodo Pepesu Road
Partial Reconstruction Of selected Loan Ongoing
Roads in Kumasi - LOT1 Kumasi $26M $3.8M $22.2 Jul.20 7/2/2021 48%
(57.27KM)
Partial Reconstruction Of selected Loan Ongoing
Roads in Kumasi - LOT 2 Kumasi $1.3 $23.3 AUG.20 Jul.21 4.80%
$24.6
(43.12KM)
Partial Reconstruction Of selected Loan Ongoing
Roads in Greater Accra - LOT 1 Greater Accra $21.36 May.20 May.21 10%
$24.4 $3.04
(38.89KM)

Page 228 of 245

 Partial Reconstruction Of selected Loan Ongoing
Roads in Greater Accra - LOT 2 Greater Accra $24.8 $1.1 $23.7 May.20 May.21 5%
(44.49KM)
Source: Ministry of Roads and Highways Agencies 2022 DP’s Project Report

Page 229 of 245

Key Health Interventions implemented in 2022 to support Health Delivery including NHIS
Planned Output (Activities) Location Output Achieved (%)
Konongo-Odumasi and Sewua 100%
Construction of 2 Regional & 6 District Hosp. by Euroget
Salaga 68%
Kumawu 70%
Construction of District Hospitals & Integrated IT System Fomena 80%
Takoradi European Flat 90%
Akontombra 100%
Nsuem 100%
Construction of 5 and upgrading of 1 public health facilities in Elubo 100%
the Western Region Wassa Dunkwa 100%
Bogoso 100%
Mpohor 100%
Aburi Kom 100%
Tetteh Quarshie 100%
Modernization and equipping of 4 Selected facilities
Kibi 100%
Atibie 100%
Rehabilitation of Bolga Regional Hospital (Phase II) Bolga 88%
Completion and equipping of KATH Maternity and Children's
55%
Block Kumasi
Construction of Eastern Regional Hospital Koforidua 48%
Otumi 75%
Akim Nkwantanang 56%
Gyakiti 34%
Kwanyako 85%
Jamasi 44%
Construction of 26 CHPS Compounds Wiaboman 38%
Asunafo 66%
Gbawe 62%
Weija 25%
Nkroful 65%

Page 230 of 245

Planned Output (Activities) Location Output Achieved (%)
Kwamoano 68%
Ajumako Kumasi 37%
Nwenoso No. 3 35%
Ntunkumso 80%
Akuakrom 45%
Tanyigbe 90%
Klefe Demetey 43%
Kato 23%
Koduakrom (near Nsoatre), 55%
Aboabo 70%
Kwagyekrom 70%
Timeabu 60%
Suame 55%
Manso Nkwanta 50%
Twedie 50%
Drobonoso 50%
Sabronum 50%
Construction of 12 Hospitals in Eastern, Ashanti, Ahafo and Kpone Katamanso 55%
Gt Accra Kwabeng 55%
Achiase 43%
Jumapo 43%
Adukrom 45%
Nkwatia 43%
Mim 45%
Tema 12%
Construction of Tema General Hospital & Central Medical CMS 10%
Stores (CMS) and Rehabilitation of Nkoranza and Dormaa 1%
Dormaa
Hospitals
Nkoranza 1%
Obuasi (New) 46%
Construction and rehabilitation of District Hospitals
Obuasi (renovation) 5%

Page 231 of 245

Planned Output (Activities) Location Output Achieved (%)
Anyinam 24%
Enyiresi 22%
La 5%
Construction of La General Hospital and Shama Hospital
Shama 2%
Assin Kushea 3%
Construction and equipping of Five district hospitals at Osiem, Osiem 3%
Assin Kuhyea and Kutre, 40-Bed Hospital at Dormaa
Dormaa Akwamu 3%
Akwamu and upgrade the Wamfie Polyclinic to a 60-bed
District Hospital Wamfie 3%
Kutre No. II 3%
Construction of Urology and Nephrology Centre of Excellence Accra 48%
Rehabilitation of Effia Nkwanta hospital and construction of Effia Nkwanta 10%
the western regional hospital Agona Nkwanta 2%

Page 232 of 245

Status of selected Logistics of MMDAs in the Ashanti Region
Computer Printer Projector Office Space Vehicle

MMDAs

Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly 102 99 50 24 10 5 60 55 20 18

Asante Akim Central 50 25 25 18 5 3 30 28 10 5
Asante Akim South 50 27 25 14 5 3 30 27 10 7
Asante Akim North 50 28 25 15 5 3 30 25 10 8
Ahafo Ano North 50 29 25 16 5 2 30 25 10 8
Asokore Mampong M/A 50 35 25 14 5 3 30 25 10 6
Asokwa M/A 50 24 25 17 5 3 30 27 10 6
Atwima Nwabiagya M/A 50 28 25 20 5 2 30 26 10 7
Bekwai M/A 50 34 25 14 5 4 30 25 10 8
Ejisu M/A 50 31 25 13 5 2 30 28 10 5
Ejura Sekyedumase M/A 50 24 25 16 5 3 30 28 10 6
Mampong M/A 50 34 25 19 5 2 30 29 10 5
Oforikrom M/A 50 25 25 10 5 3 30 26 10 4
Obuasi M/A 50 28 25 14 5 4 30 27 10 7
Offinso M/A 50 25 25 12 5 3 30 26 10 4
Old Tafo M/A 50 29 25 12 5 2 30 25 10 7
Juaben M/A 50 28 25 16 5 3 30 27 10 6
Kwadaso M/A 50 30 25 13 5 4 30 29 10 7
Suame M/A 50 32 25 13 5 3 30 25 10 5
Kwabre East 50 27 25 16 5 4 30 24 10 7
Adansi North D/A 30 25 15 8 3 2 20 18 7 4
Adansi South D/A 30 20 15 9 3 1 20 13 7 4
Afigya Kwabre South D/A 30 21 15 10 3 2 20 14 7 4
Afigya Kwabre North D/A 30 22 15 14 3 2 20 18 7 3
Ahafo Ano South East D/A 30 24 15 13 3 1 20 20 7 2
Ahafo Ano South-West D/A 30 23 15 13 3 1 20 20 7 2
Amansie Central D/A 30 19 15 10 3 2 20 19 7 4
Amansie West D/A 30 23 15 9 3 2 20 19 7 5
Amansie South D/A 30 25 15 8 3 2 20 18 7 4
Atwima Nwabigya North D/A 30 23 15 16 3 2 20 19 7 3
Atwima Kwanwoma D/A 30 23 15 12 3 2 20 18 7 4

Page 233 of 245

 Atwima Mponua D/A 30 14 15 9 3 2 20 19 7 3
Akrofuom D/A 30 16 15 12 3 1 20 18 7 4
Bosome Freho D/A 30 18 15 11 3 2 20 16 7 5
Bosomtwe D/A 30 14 15 9 3 3 20 20 7 4
Adansi Asokwa D/A 30 16 15 8 3 2 20 19 7 3
Offinso North D/A 30 14 15 5 3 2 20 18 7 5
Obuasi East D/A 30 20 15 10 3 3 20 17 7 3
Sekyere Kumawu D/A 30 15 15 9 3 2 20 20 7 4
Sekyere Central D/A 30 17 15 8 3 3 20 19 7 2
Sekyere East D/A 30 18 15 10 3 2 20 17 7 3
Sekyere South D/A 30 19 15 9 3 2 20 18 7 4
Sekyere Afram Plains 30 20 15 7 3 3 20 20 7 5
Total 1742 1091 870 535 174 107 1090 974 371 220
Source: Ashanti Regional Planning Coordinating Unit, January, 2023

Page 234 of 245

Logistic status of MMDAs in the Eastern Region
MMDA Computer Printer Projector Office Space Vehicle
Required Actual Required Actual Required Actual Required Actual Required Actual
Abuakwa North 52 22 30 18 2 1 57 34 12 5
Abuakwa South 44 30 30 12 1 1 53 41 13 5
Achiase 49 19 29 11 8 3 52 25 8 5
Akwapim North 76 39 26 11 8 3 14 12 15 5
Akwapim South 48 22 17 14 5 1 50 20 10 4
Akyemansa 40 22 25 13 3 1 60 34 9 3
Asene Manso Akroso 129 42 40 13 6 3 5 1 24 9
Asuogyaman 50 17 29 13 3 0 36 27 7 3
Atiwa East 103 40 70 21 15 3 76 59 15 4
Atiwa West 50 14 30 14 2 0 31 21 10 4
Ayensuano 55 33 55 20 3 1 36 14 10 5
Birim Central 60 46 30 15 4 2 80 65 15 8
Birim North 83 39 42 23 16 3 79 62 18 5
Birim South 46 21 18 16 2 2 56 28 5 2
Denkyembour 54 30 40 20 8 5 60 54 20 13
Fanteakwa North 40 22 25 13 3 1 60 34 9 3
Fanteakwa South 25 15 18 15 4 3 50 20 7 5
Kwaebibirem 126 63 84 38 7 2 51 38 29 15
Kwahu Afram Plains North 60 30 30 16 15 3 70 55 20 7
Kwahu Afram Plains South 60 30 30 7 3 1 26 23 8 5
Kwahu East 21 38 17 11 2 1 31 23 6 3
Kwahu South 41 26 24 14 2 1 33 26 12 7
Kwahu West 30 12 30 12 3 1 45 25 20 5
Lower Manya Krobo 30 20 19 9 2 2 20 10 4 3
New Juaben North 76 39 26 11 8 3 14 12 15 5
New Juaben South 60 46 30 15 4 2 80 65 15 8
Nsawam Adoagyiri 140 90 30 15 4 1 73 43 13 5
Okere 100 29 20 10 5 2 50 35 10 3
Suhum 54 30 40 20 8 5 60 54 20 13
Upper Manya Krobo 60 30 30 7 3 1 26 23 8 5
Upper West Akim 54 25 20 10 4 0 10 13 11 7
West Akim 20 13 20 14 2 1 56 44 8 6
Yilo Krobo 83 39 42 23 16 3 79 62 18 5
ERCC 49 32 13 12 3 2 - - 10 3
Source: NDPC Construct - Compiled with data from Regional Planning Coordinating Unit, ERCC, 2023

Page 235 of 245

Logistic status of MMDAs in the Greater Accra Logistics Status
Computer Printer Projector Office Space Vehicle
MMDAs Required Actual Required Actual Required Actual Required Actual Required Actual
Ada East DA 39 30 29 26 1 1 37 32 12 6
Ningo Prampram 20 8 20 8 4 2 - - 10 6
Shai Osudoku 25 8 15 6 2 - - - 20 6
Ada West DA 40 6 40 7 3 1 - - 15 6
Kpone Katamanso 20 75 20 66 2 1 - - 10 30
La Nkwantanang Madina 215 147 60 39 5 1 - - 52 16
Ga South MA 40 16 29 12 2 1 - - 25 18
Krowor MA 114 46 - 35 2 1 - - 12 6
Tema Metro 109 54 60 25 6 2 - - 60 24
Tema West MA 80 68 60 47 5 1 - - 15 10
Ledzokuku MA 94 82 50 41 4 2 - - 20 14
Weija-Gbawe MA 51 10 29 10 2 1 - - 13 6
Ga East 120 59 70 44 5 3 - - 30 17
La Dadekotopon 80 67 51 47 7 2 - - 30 22
Accra Metropolitan 100 60 43 25 12 3 - - 84 71
Ga Central 50 43 45 36 2 1 - - 20 17
Korle Klottey 47 36 - 23 - 2 - - 15 7
Ablekuma West 50 36 20 11 5 1 - - 10 7
Adentan MA 120 63 84 37 5 1 - - 63 40
Ashiaman MA 90 55 45 34 5 1 - - 100 21
Ga North MA 43 29 20 15 3 1 - - 24 13
Ablekuma Central 10 24 10 6 3 1 - - 6 2
Ayawaso Central 45 36 25 24 3 2 - - 10 6
Ga West 100 61 75 48 4 3 - - 30 21
Ablekuma North 85 53 40 23 4 1 - - 7 7
Ayawaso West 65 55 50 47 2 2 - - 15 11
Ayawaso North 10 43 4 17 1 1 - - 6 4
Ayawaso East 45 30 22 14 3 1 - - 12 7
Total

Sector distribution of 1D1F Companies

Region Agro Processing Manufacturing Livestock Others Total Percentage share

Page 236 of 245

Ashanti 21 23 10 1 55 18.6
Bono 8 4 7 1 20 6.8
Ahafo 3 2 0 0 5 1.7
Bono East 9 0 1 0 10 3.4
Central 13 6 1 1 21 7.1
Eastern 19 16 5 3 43 14.5
Greater Accra 15 54 4 3 76 25.7
Northern 5 3 1 0 9 3.0
North East 4 0 0 0 4 1.4
Savannah 4 0 0 0 4 1.4
Upper West 7 1 0 0 8 2.7
Upper East 4 1 1 1 7 2.4
Volta 8 2 3 0 13 4.4
Oti 3 0 0 0 3 1.0
Western 12 1 0 1 14 4.7
Western North 4 0 0 0 4 1.4
Total 139 113 33 11 296 100

Page 237 of 245

Companies and Employment under 1D1F in 2022
Region Number of new industries established under 1D1F Number of jobs created under 1D1F
Ashanti 25 47,668
Ahafo 1 2,695
Bono 6 3,284
Bono East 0 -
Central 8 5,485
Eastern 22 10,002
Greater Accra 44 71,678
Northern 3 1,127
North East 1 1,576
Oti 1 254
Savannah 0 -
Upper East 1 349
Upper West 2 1,106
Volta 6 5,736
Western 6 9,983
Western North 0 -
Total 126 160,943

Page 238 of 245

One District -One Factory (1D1F) Initiatives in Operation in 2022
Company Name District Region Sector Employment
Birim Oil Mills Limited Kwaebibrim Eastern Agro processing 335
Bomart Farms Limited Nsawam Adoagyiri Eastern Agro processing 575
Caltech Ventures Limited Ho Municipal Volta Agro processing 1,050
Casa De Ropa Company Limited Gomoa West Central Agro processing 845
EKA Foods Limited Sunyani Municipal Bono Agro processing 595
Feanza Industries Limited Ellembelle Western Agro processing 540
Home Foods Processing and Cannery Limited Kpone Katamanso Greater Accra Agro processing 127
New Vision Agro Limited Kassena Nankanne West Upper East Agro processing 349
Nkulenu Industries Limited La Nkwantanang Greater Accra Agro processing 893
Premium Foods Limited Ejisu Municipal Ashanti Agro processing 20,110
Top Creativity Industries Limited Tema Metro Greater Accra Agro processing 510
Vester Oil Processing Company Limited Bosomtwe Ashanti Agro processing 713
Yedent Agro Limited Sunyani Municipal Bono Agro processing 1,150
Narubiz Limited Wassa East Western Agro processing 1,145
De United Foods Industries Limited Tema West Greater Accra Agro processing 6,970
Happy Sunshine Company Limited Suhum Kraboa Coaltar Eastern Agro processing 1,150
HGL Company Limited Adaklu Volta Agro processing 525
Lan Tianyi Company Limited Shai Osudoku Greater Accra Agro processing 500
Leefound Company Limited Ningo Prampram Greater Accra Agro processing 260
R & R Luxury Limited Ningo Prampram Greater Accra Agro processing 465
SBA Company Limited (Ashanti Foods) Bosomtwe Ashanti Agro processing 90
Strongmen Foods & Farms Limited Yilo Krobo Eastern Agro processing 120
Weddi Africa Limited Berekum West Bono Agro processing 650
CH-Global Limited Krachi East Oti Agro processing 254
GKV Investment Limited Sekondi - Takoradi Metro Western Agro processing 465
Josma Agro Limited Mampong Municipal Ashanti Agro processing 111
Amenfi Farms Limited Wassa Amenfi East Western Agro processing 256
Dorothy Kani Company Limited East Akim Eastern Agro processing 143
Kaskazini Limited Bekwai Municipal Ashanti Agro processing 66
Sinostone Alcohol Manufacturing Limited North Tongu Volta Agro processing 497
Linise Limited Sunyani West Bono Agro processing 95
Tamanaa Rice Processing Limited West Mamprusi North East Agro processing 575

Page 239 of 245

Company Name District Region Sector Employment
Kedan Limited Sissala East Upper West Agro processing 130
LK International Co. Limited (Motor King) Tamale Municipal Northern Automobile 347
Zonda Sinotruk Assembly Plant Limited Kpone Katamanso Greater Accra Automobile 765
Ankod Industries Limited Ga East Greater Accra Construction, home appliances and metal 209
works
B5 Plus Alloys Company Limited Ningo Prampram Greater Accra Construction, home appliances and metal 3,250
works
Sneda Transformers Technology Limited Accra Metro Greater Accra Construction, home appliances and metal 600
works
Springs and Bolts Company Limited Asokwa Municipal Ashanti Construction, home appliances and metal 548
works

C.K. Engineering Limited Nsawam Adoagyiri Eastern Construction, home appliances and metal 550
works
Golden Milan Limited Ningo Prampram Greater Accra Construction, home appliances and metal 860
works
Keda Ceramics Company Limited Shama District Western Construction, home appliances and metal 5,000
works
KYF Industrial Company Limited Sunyani West Bono Construction, home appliances and metal 211
works
Prefos Ghana Limited Ejisu Municipal Ashanti Construction, home appliances and metal 467
works
Sentuo Ceramic Ghana Limited Tema Metro Greater Accra Construction, home appliances and metal 2,463
works
Shaba Enterprise Limited Kwahu West Eastern Construction, home appliances and metal 348
works
Skyline Steel Company Limited Ejisu Municipal Ashanti Construction, home appliances and metal 211
works
Sunda Ghana Investment Company Limited Ga South Greater Accra Construction, home appliances and metal 2,672
works
Yaabiko Enterprise Limited Ga west Greater Accra Construction, home appliances and metal 37
works
Global Amass Limited Nanumba North Northern Agro Processing 574
Everpure Ghana Limited Ga South Greater Accra Food and Beverages 3,500
Kasapreko Company Limited Kwadaso Municipal Ashanti Food and Beverages 3,100

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Company Name District Region Sector Employment
Mass Industries Limited Kpone Katamanso Greater Accra Food and Beverages 3,609
Obibini Blackman Company Limited Suame Metro Ashanti Food and Beverages 5,317
Three Dreamers Manufacturing Limited Tema Metro Greater Accra Food and Beverages 5,067
Wentec Company Limited Ga South Greater Accra Food and Beverages 650
Appeb Cylinder Manufacturing Limited Awutu Senya West Central Construction, home appliances and metal 620
works
Petersfield and Rey Group Limited Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem Central Fruit Juices 436
U Fresh Company Limited Shai Osudoku Greater Accra Food and Beverages 6,200
Adonko Bitters Limited Afigya Kwabre South Ashanti Food and Beverages 6,420
Wellbeing Naturals Products Ghana Limited Nsawam Adoagyiri Eastern Food and Beverages 520
Emporar Beverages Limited Tema Metro Greater Accra Food and Beverages 1,175
Nourisher Processing Ghana Limited Accra Metro Greater Accra Fruit Juices 640
Bodukwan Farms Limited Atwima Kwanwoma Ashanti Fruit Juices 850
Ekumfi Fruit Processing Company Limited Ekumfi District Central Fruit Juices 1,965
Fruittland Company Limited Assin Central Central Fruit Juices 145
Nano Foods Limited Nsawam Adoagyiri Eastern Fruit Juices 260
Healthilife Beverages Limited Krowor Greater Accra Fruit Juices 683
Amalgamated Foods Limited La Nkwantanang Greater Accra Livestock, Poultry and acquaculture 250
Akro Farms Limited Akwapim North Eastern Livestock, Poultry and acquaculture 1,025
Anok Gyes Farms Limited Sekyere South Ashanti Livestock, Poultry and acquaculture 130
Asamoah and Yamoah Farms Limited Atwima Kwanwoma Ashanti Livestock, Poultry and acquaculture 1,288
Boris "B" Farms & Vet Supplies GH Limited Kumasi Metro Ashanti Livestock, Poultry and acquaculture 250
Dagan Farms Limited Asuogyaman Eastern Livestock, Poultry and acquaculture 149
Darko Farms Group Atwima Nwabiagya Ashanti Livestock, Poultry and acquaculture 1,250
Delawin Farms Limited Kpone Katamanso Greater Accra Livestock, Poultry and acquaculture 122
Flosell Limited South Tongu Volta Livestock, Poultry and acquaculture 331
Gee Fresh Company Limited Tamale Municipal Northern Livestock, Poultry and acquaculture 216

Koudijs Ghana Limited Kpone Katamanso Greater Accra Livestock, Poultry and acquaculture 500
Oserby Unique Ventures Limited Ejisu Municipal Ashanti Livestock, Poultry and acquaculture 144

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Company Name District Region Sector Employment
Beacon Hills Industries Limited Atwima Kwanwoma Ashanti Livestock, Poultry and acquaculture 150
AMG Farms Limited Akwapim North Eastern Livestock, Poultry and acquaculture 156
Lesdy Company Limited Gomoa East Central Paper and paper products 240
Donbeatle Industries Limited Dormaa Central Bono Paper and paper products 120
Brompton Portfolio Limited Nsawam Adoagyiri Eastern Paper and paper products 825
Aspee Pharmaceuticals Limited Ejisu Municipal Ashanti Pharmaceuticals 1,542
Dannex Limited Accra Metro Greater Accra Pharmaceuticals 2,600
Pam Pharmaceuticals Limited Nsawam Adoagyiri Eastern Pharmaceuticals 530
Pro-Life Infusions Limited Sekyere South Ashanti Pharmaceuticals 1,028
Atlantic Lifesciences Limited Ningo Prampram Greater Accra Pharmaceuticals 2,900
Integrated Compost & Recycling Plant Limited Accra Metro Greater Accra Recycling 1,578
rePATRN Limited Tema West Greater Accra Recycling 1,036
Nelplast Company Limited Kpone Katamanso Greater Accra Recycling 772
Alfie Designs Limited Okaikoi South Greater Accra Textiles and Garment 700
Anowah Afrique Company Limited Ningo Prampram Greater Accra Textiles and Garment 520
Dignity DTRT Limited Accra Metro Greater Accra Textiles and Garment 7,570
Harmony Trends Limited Krowor Greater Accra Textiles and Garment 382
KAD Industries Limited Accra Metro Greater Accra Textiles and Garment 1,350
Maagrace Industries Limited New Juaben Municipal Eastern Textiles and Garment 1,442
Navina Catel Garments Limited Okaikoi North Greater Accra Textiles and Garment 2,180
Unijay Garments Limited Asokwa Municipal Ashanti Textiles and Garment 1,700
Volta Star Textiles Limited North Tongu Volta Textiles and Garment 1,750
Khard Global Garment Limited Wa Municipal Upper West Textiles and Garment 45
Sunda Ghana Diapers Limited Ga South Greater Accra Toiletories and sanitary products 3,394
Golden Africa Consumer Products Ghana Limited Kpone Katamanso Greater Accra Toiletories and sanitary products 1,748
Golden Fingers Industries Limited Weija-Gbewe Greater Accra Toiletories and sanitary products 1,130
Nordiq Hygiene Care Industries Limited Kpone Katamanso Greater Accra Toiletories and sanitary products 1,180
Ameen Sangari Company Limited Cape Coast Metro Central Toiletories and sanitary products 200
Amanex Company Limited Ga South Greater Accra Toiletories and sanitary products 1,110

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Company Name District Region Sector Employment
The Good Roll Company Limited Asuogyaman Eastern Toiletories and sanitary products 333

Ayum Forest Products Limited Asunafo North Ahafo Wood and wood products 1,570
Bibiani Logging and Lumber Company Limited Asokwa Municipal Ashanti Wood and wood products 1,100

Kete Krachie Timber Recovery Limited Asuogyaman Eastern Wood and wood products 135
Miro Forestry Limited Sekyere Afram Plains Ashanti Wood and wood products 950
Volta Forest Products Company Limited Hohoe Municipal Volta Wood and wood products 1,585
Zuriel Carbon Products Limited Kwahu West Eastern Wood and wood products 130
Glofert Ghana Limited Suhum Kraboa Coaltar Eastern Agro chemicals 230
Omnifert Limited Ningo Prampram Greater Accra Agro chemicals 265
New Okaff Company Limited Atwima Nwabiagya Ashanti Agro chemicals 1,563
Agricultural, Industrial and Commercial Products (AICP) Afigya Kwabre South Ashanti Other Industries 200
Limited
Prime Hold Limited Ayensuano Eastern Other Industries 675
Camelot Ghana Limited Korle Klottey Greater Accra Other Industries 392
Rikpat Lubricant Limited Gomoa East Central Other Industries 1,302
Shoe Fabriek Limited Akwapim North Eastern Other Industries 132
Fatala Ghana Limited Ahanta West Western Other Industries 2,200
Ghana Specialty Beer Company Limited Nsawam Adoagyiri Eastern Food and Beverages 120
Total 160,943

Appendix VIII: Minister’s press briefing update for 2022

No Briefing Update Date
1. COVID-19 Wed. 19th January, 2022
2. Ministry of Food and Agriculture Wed. 26th January, 2022
3. Ministry of Education Sun. 30th January, 2022
4. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration Mon. 7th February, 2022
5. Ministry of Health Wed. 9th February, 2022

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6. Coast Development Authority (CoDA) Wed. 21st February, 2022
7. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration Sun. 27th February, 2022
8. Ministry of Finance Thurs. 24th March, 2022
9. Ministry of Water Resources and Sanitation Mon. 11th April, 2022
10. Ministry of Energy Wed. 13th April, 2022
11. Covid-Update Tues. 26th April, 2022
12. Public Enterprises Wed. 27th April, 2022
13. MESTI Wed. 4th May, 2022
14. Ministry of Youth and Sports Sun. 8th May, 2022
15. Ministry of Finance Thurs. 12th May, 2022
16. Ghana Export Promotion Authority Fri. 13th May, 2022
17. Ministry of National Security Sun. 22nd May, 2022
18. Ghana Maritime Authority Wed.1st June, 2022
19. GRIDCo Mon. 6th June, 2022
20. Covid -19 Update Wed. 8th June, 2022
21. Ministry of Works and Housing Sun. 12th June, 2022
22. Ghana Health Service (COVID-19) Wed. 22nd June, 2022
23. Ghana Export Promotion Authority (GEPA) Tues. 5th July, 2022
24. National Population Council & UNFPA Thurs. 7th July, 2022
25. Ministry Of Lands and Natural Resources Wed. 20th July, 2022
26. COVID-19 Trust Fund Thurs. 21st July, 2022
27. Ghana Health Service Sun. 24th July, 2022
28. Ministry of Communications and Digitalization Sun. 31st July, 2022
29. National Youth Authority Tues. 2nd August, 2022
30. Ahafo Regional Coordinating Council Wed. 17th August, 2022

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 31. Ashanti Regional Coordinating Council Wed. 24th August, 2022
32. National Cyber Security Wed. 14th September, 2022
33. Bono Regional Coordinating Council Thurs. 15th September, 2022
34. Ghana Health Service Fri. 16th September, 2022
35. Eastern Regional Coordinating Council Sun. 18th September, 2022
36. Northern Regional Coordinating Council Sun. 25th September, 2022
37. BOST Wed. 5th October, 2022
38. Oti Regional Coordinating Council Sun. 9th October, 2022
39. Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources Thurs. 13th October, 2022
40. Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Creative Arts Wed. 19th October, 2022
41. Savannah Regional Coordinating Council Sun. 23rd October, 2022
42. Upper East Region Wed. 2nd November, 2022
43. Upper West Region Sun. 6th November, 2022
44. Volta Region Wed. 9th November, 2022
45. Ministry of Works and Housing Sun. 13th November, 2022
46. Western Regional Coordinating Council Wed. 16th November, 2022
47. Ministry of National Security Sun. 20th November, 2022
48. Ministry of Finance Mon. 6th December, 2022
49. National Service Scheme Mon. 6th December, 2022
50. SIGA Thurs. 8th December, 2022
51. Community Water and Sanitation Agency Sun. 11th December, 2022
52. Ghana Health Service Sun. 19th December, 2022
53. Ghana Water Company Limited Thurs. 22nd December, 2022
Source: NDPC Construct-Compiled with data received from Minsitry of Information, 2023

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