THE COUNCIL

OF THE

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

FIRST SESSION: January 1920

lOOtL SESSION : January 1938

COMPOSITION
COMPETENCE
PROCEDURE
,
 THE COUNCIL
OF THE

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

COMPOSITION

COMPETENCE

PROCEDURE

INFORMATION SECTION
GENEVA, I938
 — 3 —

CONTENTS

Page
INTRODUCTION 7

CHAPTER I. — COMPOSITION OF THE COUNCIL 11

Selection of Members of the Council 12

1. Permanent Members 13
2. Non-permanent Members 15

Election Procedure:
1. Nomination of Candidates 19
2. Date of Elections 19
3. Secret Ballot 20
4. Voting 20
5. Majority required 20

Length of Term of Office and Total or Partial Renewal of the Council:

1. First Period (1920-1926) 21
2. Second Period (1926 to the present day) 22

Re-eligibility 23
1. First Period (1920-1926) 24
2. Second Period (1926 to the present day) 25

The Number of Members of the Council:

1. Increase in the Number of Members of the Council .... 26
2. Relative Proportion of Permanent Members and Non-permanent
Members 27

CHAPTER II. — COMPETENCE OF THE COUNCIL 29

General Competence of the Council:

1. Article 4, Paragraph 4, of the Covenant 29
2. Exercise by the Council and Assembly of their General
Competence 30
3. Declaration of the Council of December 6th, 1927 .... 31

Joint Competence of Council and Assembly 32

1. Concurrent Competence 32
2. Successive Competences 33
3. Acts requiring the Co-operation of the Council and Assembly 36
3440 — S.d.N. 1500 (F.) 1500 (A.). 1/38. Imp. Kundig.
 — 4
CHAPTER II (continued) : Page

Special Powers conferred on the Council by Certain Articles of the

Covenant 37
1. International Disputes and Security 38
2. Disarmament 43
3. Organisation of the League of Nations 44
4. Exclusion from the League of Nations 45
5. Mandates 46

Powers of the Council under Certain Treaties:

1. The Treaties in Question 47
2. Powers conferred on the Council require to be accepted by it 50

Can the Assembly deal with Matters in regard to which the Council
has received a Special Jurisdiction ? 5°

1. Report adopted by the Assembly on December 7th, 1920 . 50

2. Present Practice 5T

CHAPTER III. — COUNCIL PROCEDURE.

Historical Survey 53

Dates and Place of Council Meetings 54

1. Ordinary Sessions 54
2. Extraordinary Sessions 54
3. Change of Date 55
4. Despatch of Summons 55
5. Place of Meeting of the Council 56

Who attend Meetings of the Council ?

1. Permanent and Non-permanent Members of the Council . 56

2. Other Members of the League of Nations 56
3. Rules concerning Representation on the Council 58

The Quorum 59

The President:

1. Ordinary Sessions 59
2. Extraordinary Sessions 59
3. Replacement of the President 60
4. Case in which the President of the Council ceases to represent
his Country on the Council 60

Technical Assistance furnished to the Council 61

 — 5 —
CHAPTER III (continued) : Page

Agenda:
1. Provisional Agenda 61
2. Final Agenda 62
3. Inclusion of Questions during the Session 62
4. Adjournment of Questions 63
5. Removal from the Agenda 63

Meetings in public:
1. Principle that Meetings are held in public 63
2. Cases in which Meetings are not held in public 64
3. Private Meetings and Secret Meetings 64

The Different Stages in the Procedure 65

x. General Discussion 66
2. Reports 66

Voting:
1. Unanimity and Majority 69
2. How are the Votes taken ? 70
3. What is put to the Vote ? 71

Minutes:
1. Keeping of Minutes 72
2. Correction of Minutes 72
3. Publicity of Minutes 72

The Council when not in Session 73

1. The Council itself 73
2. The President of the Council 74

Amendment of the Rules of Procedure and Departures therefrom:

1. Amendment 74
2. Departures from the Rules of Procedure 74

Annexes
1. Chronological Table of Council Sessions 76
2. States that have sat as Non-permanent Members of the Council ... 80
3. List of those who have sat on the Council 82
4. Evolution and Enlargement of the Council 94
5. Rules of Procedure of the Council 105
6. Report of the Committee on Council Procedure no
7. Extract from the Report presented by the First Committee to the
First Ordinary Session of the Assembly 116
8. Index of Matters dealt with by the Council (1920-1937) 118

Illustrations
Various Meetings of the Council 145
and following
 Pax enim non belli privatio, sed virtus est quae
ex animi fortitudine oritur (SPINOZA).
For peace is not merely the absence of war,
but a living force bom of steadfastness of mind.

INTRODUCTION

The first session of the Council of the League of Nations took

place on January 16th, 1920; the hundredth was held at the
beginning of 1938.
During these eighteen years, the Council, side by side with the
diplomatic representatives of the various countries, has been
endeavouring to organise international peace and co-operation.
The Covenant lays down that “ the Council shall meet from time
to time as occasion may require, and at least once a year ” (Article 4,
paragraph 3). Thus, the Council is not a permanent body; but its
meetings, both ordinary and extraordinary, have been numerous,
and far more frequent than those of the Assembly. After eighteen
years, it has arrived at its hundredth session.
Most of these have been ordinary sessions; the majority of the
extraordinary sessions have been held at the request of a Member
of the League on account of some international crisis, and sometimes
at very short notice.
The agenda of an extraordinary session is normally confined to
the particular question on which an appeal has been made to the
Council. That of an ordinary session comprises an extremely
wide range of questions, from international disputes which may
remain under discussion for several sessions to the reports of
Committees submitting to the Council their views and proposals
on economic, financial, social, and other problems.
Having a long experience of pre-war international life, the
statesmen who represented their countries at the early meetings
of the Council in 1920 were greatly impressed by the novel character
of an institution in which the representatives of Powers of unequal
 8

political importance sat together on a footing of legal equality.

The programme of the Council’s meetings was not confined to the
examination of particular problems raised by the Treaties of 1919
and 1920, but entailed active co-operation in reorganising a world
in which the economic, financial, and intellectual life of the peoples,
and their mutual relations, had been shaken to the root by war.
On January 16th, 1920, when opening the Council’s first session,
M. Leon Bourgeois said:
“ Animated by deep conviction, supported by the public opinion
of the world and by the numerous manifestations of these great
associations which in all free countries have undertaken the
education of the people in the precepts of the League of Nations,
and determined to prevent, by every means in our power, the
recurrence of these terrible disasters which have imperilled civi-
lisation and drenched the world in blood, we shall proceed by the
only sure method—that of attaining practical and successive
results.”
Lord Curzon, who followed, said in part:
“ The League of Nations is the expression of a universal desire
for a saner method of regulating the affairs of mankind. It is not a
mere expression in platonic language of the necessity for interna-
tional friendship and a good understanding. It provides the
machinery by which practical effect may be given to these princi-
ples. The doctrine of community of international interests is now
for the first time provided with an instrument endowed with
formidable powers, fortified by the allegiance of Governments, and
supported by the public opinion of the civilised world.
“ The Council which meets for the first time to-day is the
forerunner of many similar gatherings at which the statesmen of the
nations, great and small, will meet together to promote this
co-operation and to exchange views.”

Four months later, at the close of the Council’s fifth session,

M. Tittoni, then President, “ proclaimed upon the Capitol the
constitution of the League of Nations” in the following terms:

“ After this meeting at Rome, the League of Nations, after a

period of preparation, can be considered truly established .
 — 9 —

“ The present session of the Council has been the longest, the
most arduous, and the most important of the five sessions which
have taken place since January 10th, 1920, when the League
began its existence. The Council has studied no less than twenty-one
different questions; some in connection with the normal working of
the League, and others of great or even universal interest . . . ”
Since that time, the Council has always been intimately associated
with international life. The advances and setbacks of international
co-operation have been reflected in its debates and its decisions.
Its authority has been enhanced by the admission of new
Members to the League and diminished by the withdrawal of
others. Moreover, according as a large section of public opinion
in the various countries has upheld, viewed with indifference, or
actually rejected the idea of organising peace on the principles of
the Covenant, the Councibs action has inevitably varied in its
influence and efficacy.
It is not the aim of this booklet to trace the course of these
fluctuations through the past eighteen years; it represents merely
a collection of facts, chiefly dealing with the Council's
composition, competence and procedure, that it has been thought
desirable to bring to the public notice on the occasion of its
hundredth session.
 Chapter I

COMPOSITION OF THE COUNCIL

Of all the questions relating to the organisation of the League of

Nations, the one which, from the first, has most frequently engaged
the attention of the Members is undoubtedly the composition of
the Council.1
This is dealt with in Article 4 of the Covenant, one of the very
few articles 2 which have been the subject of more than formal
amendments that have actually come into force. The amendment
to Article 4 3 was passed by the Assembly on October 5th, 1921,
and came into force on July 29th, 1926.

1
For a list of the occasions on which this question has been considered, see
Annex 4 to the present volume. A complete survey of the question during the period
1920 to 1926 is to be found in document C.394.M.137.1926.V.
2
The other being Article 6, to which a fifth paragraph was added.
3
The following is the text of Article 4 of the Covenant. The amendment con-
sisted of the addition of paragraph 2bis.
“ 1. The Council shall consist of representatives of the Principal Allied and Associated
Powers, together with representatives of four other Members of the League. These four
Members of the League shall be selected by the Assembly from time to time in its discretion.
Until the appointment of the representatives of the four Members of the League first selected
by the Assembly, representatives of Belgium, Brazil, Spain and Greece shall be members
of the Council.
“ 2. With the approval of the majority of the Assembly, the Council may name additional
Members of the League whose representatives shall always be members of the Council;
the Council, with like approval, may increase the number of Members of the League to be
selected by the Assembly for representation on the Council.
“ 2 bis. The Assembly shall fix by a two-thirds majority the rules dealing with the
election of the non-permanent Members of the Council, and particularly such regulations
as relate to their term of office and the conditions of re-eligibility.
“ 3. The Council shall meet from time to time as occasion may require, and at least
once a year, at the seat of the League, or at such other place as may be decided upon.
“ 4. The Council may deal at its meetings with any matter within the sphere of action
of the League or affecting the peace of the world.
“ 5. Any Member of the League not represented on the Council shall be invited to send
a representative to sit as a member at any meeting of the Council during the consideration
of matters specially affecting the interests of that Member of the League.
“ 6. At meetings of the Council, each Member of the League represented on the Council
shall have one vote, and may have not more than one representative.”
 12

The Council and Assembly are the two bodies through which
decisions of the League of Nations are taken.
Neither, indeed, is subsidiary to the other. Each has specific
powers of its own, w die in certain matters they are jointly com-
petent. In any organised society there must, however, be some
body whose action is characterised by rapidity and continuity, and
which in fact assumes the effective direction of the society’s affairs,
even though it is not necessarily the supreme authority.1 In
States oi a democratic type, there is both a legislative and an
executive authority. It would be a mistake, from many points of
view, to regard the Council as the government of the League or the
Assembly as its legislature: there is, indeed, scarcely any analogy
between the division of powers between the Council and the
Assembly and the division of powers between the executive and
legislature under the various constitutions. The Council may,
however, be compared to a government, by reason of the fact
that its action is more frequent than that of the Assembly, that its
specific powers are more numerous, and that it is frequently called
upon to give effect to the Assembly’s decisions.
For the Council to discharge its functions efficiently and with
the necessary authority, two conditions were requisite. It was
necessary that its membership should, in the first place, be limited
and should, in the second place, be representative of the main forces
and various tendencies existing in the Assembly. In other words,
it was necessary that the Council should be to some extent a
reflection of the Assembly.
The two fundamental problems in regard to the composition of
the Council were thus the recruiting of its Members and their
number. The second problem has, indeed, been considerably
influenced by the first.

SELECTION OF MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL

Under the Covenant, the Council consists of two kinds of

Members: permanent Members, which are the Great Powers, and

1
Cf. the Administrative Board and General Meeting of private companies.
 — 13 —

non-permanent Members, elected by the Assembly for a limited

term.
What is the reason for the existence of permanent Members ?
Each of the Great Powers represents a large population, a high
level of civilisation, and great political strength. On them will
fall the heaviest responsibilities, as is manifest above all in the
event of an international crisis, more particularly in the event of
the application of sanctions under Article 16.
The existence of permanent Members has given rise to certain
objections:
(a) It is, it has been contended, contrary to the principle of
the equality of States.
The reply to this objection is that although the legal equality of
States is recognised by the Covenant of the League, inequalities
existing in fact cannot be ignored, and any attempt to ignore them
would be both unreal and vain.
(b) It has been argued that the abolition of permanent seats
would not involve the drawbacks that might be feared, as the
Great Powers would, in the ordinary course of events, be elected
Members of the Council.
The only difference, it is urged, would be that if, at any time,
any of them were to appear to constitute an obstacle to international
co-operation, it could be passed over, just as at present a small
Power can be passed over in similar circumstances.
To this, the reply given is that, if it is desired that the Council
should invariably represent the whole of the Members of the
League, having regard both to numbers and importance, and not
represent merely a majority party, the membership of all the
Great Powers must not be left to the hazards of election.
The existence of non-permanent Members of the Council has
given rise to no discussion.
The questions at issue have been the method of selecting
non-permanent Members, their number, and their term of office.

i. PERMANENT MEMBERS

(a) The Covenant provided for two categories of permanent

Members. In the first place, there were the Powers described in
 14 —

Article 4, paragraph 1, as the " Principal Allied and Associated

Powers These were five in number: the United States of America,
the British Empire, France, Italy and Japan.1
In the second place, there were the Powers to which the Council
and Assembly conjointly might decide to grant a permanent seat
on the Council (Article 4, paragraph 2).2
In virtue of this paragraph, a seat was created for Germany on
September 8th, 1926, and another for the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics on September 18th, 1934.
(b) Owing to the abstention, entry into the League or withdrawal
of a number of Great Powers, the number of permanent Members
of the Council has varied.

It was:
Four from 1920 to September 7th, 1926 (United Kingdom,
France, Italy, Japan);
Five from September 8th, 1926, to September 17th, 1934
(United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan);
Six from September 18th, 1934, to March 25th, 1935 (United
Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics) ;
Five from March 26th, 1935, to October 20th, 1935 (United
Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics);
Four since October 21st, 1935 (United Kingdom, France, Italy,
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) .

(c) Certain Members of the League have demanded the creation

of permanent seats for themselves. Brazil, having failed to obtain
satisfaction in this respect, when the creation of a permanent seat

1
See preamble to the Treaty of Peace with Germany.
2
Article 4:
“ 2. With the approval of the majority of the Assembly, the Council may name
additional Members of the League whose representatives shall always be members
of the Council ...”
for Germany was being discussed, gave notice of withdrawal on
June 10th, 1926.

2. NON-PERMANENT MEMBERS

(а) Non-permanent seats may be created under the same

conditions as permanent seats (Article 4, paragraph 2)—that is,
subject to agreement between the Council and the Assembly.

(б) Article 4, paragraph 1, provides that non-permanent

Members “ shall be selected by the Assembly from time to time
in its discretion
Non-permanent Members are elected by the Assembly and,
constitutionally, no restriction has been placed on its freedom of
action; it can elect whomsoever it likes.

(c) A system diametrically opposed to that of free election

by the Assembly has sometimes been urged—namely, a system of
rotation, under which all Members of the League would sit on the
Council in turn.
To this it was objected that membership of the Council was not a
privilege but a responsibility, and that it should therefore be
confined to those States which are both willing and best able to
assume it.

{d) These divergent conceptions of Members of the League

regarding the selection of non-permanent Members of the Council
are reproduced in the report of the First Committee to the first
ordinary session of the Assembly.1

In fact, the Assembly, without departing from the principle

{e)
of the free choice of non-permanent Members of the Council, has,
first in recommendations and subsequently in actual practice,
adopted a system designed to ensure, not that all Members of
the League shall in turn be Members of the Council, but that
the Council shall always represent the various parts or regions
of the world and the different races, religions and civilisations.

1
See Annex 7.
 — i6

The principle underlying this system is enunciated in the following

recommendation adopted by the Assembly on September 29th,
1922 T
“ It is desirable that the Assembly, in electing the six
non-permanent Members of the Council, should make its
choice with due consideration for the main geographical
divisions of the world, the great ethnical groups, the different
religions, traditions, the various types of civilisation, and the
chief sources of wealth
This recommendation, which was re-affirmed on September 27th,
1923, and September 26th, 1924, sets out the Assembly’s conception
of the composition of the Council.
To permit of its being more adequately carried into effect,
particularly in view of the growing membership of the League, it
was found necessary to increase the number of non-permanent
Members of the Council.
Article 4 of the Covenant provided for four non-permanent
Members. This number was increased to six on September 25th,
1922, to nine on September 8th, 1926, to ten by the creation of
one new provisional seat on October 5th, 1933, and to eleven by
the creation of a further provisional seat on October 10th, 1936.
The system established by practice is a group system under which
one or more seats are allotted to the States situated in the same
part of the world or belonging to the same political “ family ”.1
Before it was ever fully worked out, this system had the effect
in practice of depriving certain States not belonging to any group
of all chance of becoming Members of the Council. For that
reason, in 1933, a tenth seat was created, on the proposal of
Portugal, for States not Members of existing groups.
1
On December nth, 1920, the Assembly passed a recommendation, as follows:
“ The Assembly is recommended to vote for the four non-permanent Members of
the Council to be selected by the Assembly in 1920 so that three shall be selected
from among the Members of the League in Europe and the two American continents,
and one selected from the Members in Asia and the remaining parts of the world ”.
The Committee on Amendments to the Covenant had expressed the opinion, in
1921, that “ a fair geographical distribution of the non-permanent seats on the
Council ... is desirable ”.
2
In 1926, the report drawn up, at its first session, by the Committee on the
Composition of the Council stated that the Committee was unanimously in favour
of allocating three of the non-permanent seats to Latin America and of giving
adequate representation to Asia (document C.299.M.139.1926.V).
 — i7 —

The group system now followed has not been sanctioned by

any rule or resolution. The Assembly could therefore at any
time depart from it.
The following groups are represented on the Council:

i. Latin America:
Argentine
Bolivia
Chile
Colombia
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Guatemala
16 Members 3 seats
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Peru
Salvador
Uruguay
Venezuela

2. Asia:
Afghanistan
China
5 Members Iran 2 seats
Iraq
Siam

3. British Dominions:
Union of South Africa
Australia
Canada
6 Members . 1 seat
India
Ireland
New Zealand
 — 18 —
4. Little Entente:
Czechoslovakia
3 Members . Roumania 1 seat
Yugoslavia
5. " Nordic ” States:
Denmark
Finland
5 Members . Netherlands 1 seat
Norway
Sweden
6. Ungrouped States:
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Egypt
Estonia
Ethiopia
Greece
16 Members . 2 seats
Haiti
Hungary
Latvia
Liberia
Lithuania
Luxemburg
Portugal
Switzerland
7. One State in a Special Position:
Turkey
8. States at present or formerly represented on the Council in an
Individual Capacity:
Poland 1 seat
Spain 1 seat
It should be observed that the group system is not absolutely
rigid, that it is evolving in certain respects and that the position
is not entirely clear in a number of cases.
 — i9 —

Within the various groups the States concerned have, as a rule,

established a more or less strict system of rotation. Though not
obliged to do so, the Assembly allows each group a certain repre-
sentation and elects the candidates put forward by the group.

ELECTION PROCEDURE

1. NOMINATION OF CANDIDATES

This matter was regulated for the first time by the Assembly’s
resolution of October 2nd, 1933, according to which no Member of
the League shall be eligible to be elected as a non-permanent Member
of the Council unless it has proposed itself for election, or been
nominated by another Member of the League, at least forty-eight
hours before the election.
Under the same resolution, notice of candidature must be given
in writing to the Secretary-General, who must at once bring it to
the attention of the Assembly. The Secretary-General is also
required to place before the Assembly a list of the candidates.

2. DATE OF ELECTIONS

{a) As a rule, the election of non-permanent Members of the

Council takes place at the ordinary session of the Assembly.1
The resolution of October 2nd, 1933, provides that the elections may
not take place before the seventh day of the Assembly’s session.
(b) The elections may, nevertheless, be held at any time—that
is to say, at either an ordinary or a special session of the Assembly,
if the Assembly decides, in accordance with Article III. of the
resolution of September 15th, 1926, to proceed to a new election of
all the non-permanent Members of the Council.2

1
Resolution of September 15th, 1926.
“ Article 1. — The Assembly shall each year, in the course of its ordinary session,
elect three non-permanent Members of the Council ...”
2
This article reads as follows: “ Notwithstanding the above provisions, the
Assembly may at any time by a two-thirds majority decide to proceed, in application
of Article 4 of the Covenant, to a new election of all the non-permanent Members
of the Council ...”
 20

3. SECRET BALLOT

Non-permanent Members ot the Council are elected by secret

ballot.1

4. VOTING

Where several seats are to be filled, the elections are made by

voting a list of names.2

5. MAJORITY REQUIRED

(a) The candidates elected at the first and second ballots are
those obtaining the greatest number of votes and, at the same time,
an absolute majority of the votes cast.3
(b) Third ballot. Article 22a, paragraph 3, of the Assembly's
Rules of Procedure 4 provides:
“ . . . if, after two ballots, there still remain seats to be
filled, a third ballot shall be held upon a list consisting of the
candidates which obtained most votes at the second ballot,
up to a number double that of the seats still to be filled, and
those Members shall be elected which obtain the greatest
number of votes.”
(c) Cases in which several candidates obtain an equal number
of votes.
Article 22a, paragraph 4, of the Assembly’s Rules of Procedure
provides:
“ If two or more Members obtain the same number of votes
and there is not a seat available for each, a special ballot shall
1
Assembly resolution of December nth, 1920. Assembly resolution of Sep-
tember 29th, 1922 (Article 22a, paragraph 1, of the Assembly’s Rules of Procedure).
2
Assembly resolution of September 29th, 1922 (Article 22a, paragraph 2, of
the Assembly’s Rules of Procedure). The Assembly resolution of December nth,
1920, provided for the selection of the non-permanent Members of the Council
“ one at a time and by secret ballot ”. , ,
3
Assembly resolution of September 29th, 1922 (Article 22a, paragraph 3,0
the Assembly’s Rules of Procedure). This paragraph reads as follows: No
Member shall be elected at the first or at the second ballot unless it has obtained
at least the absolute majority of the votes ”.
4
Previous Assembly resolution of September 29th, 1922.
 21

be held between them; if they again obtain an equal number

of votes, the President shall decide between them by drawing
lots.”
In practice, non-permanent Members have always been elected
at the first ballot.

LENGTH OF TERM OF OFFICE AND TOTAL OR PARTIAL

RENEWAL OF THE COUNCIL
i. FIRST PERIOD (1920-1926)

The Covenant did not fix the length of the term of office of
non-permanent Members, and the Assembly has adopted no
general rules in the matter.
Under Article 4, paragraph 1, Belgium, Brazil, Spain and Greece
were to be Members of the Council until the appointment of the
non-permanent Members first selected by the Assembly.
At its first session the Assembly decided, on December nth,
1920, that the mandates of the Members named in the Covenant
should expire on December 31st, 1920, and that the non-permanent
Members of the Council to be elected at that session should remain
in office for a period of one year.
The Committee on Amendments to the Covenant, which met
in 1921, proposed that the non-permanent Members of the Council
should be elected for four years and that half their number should
be renewed every two years.
At its 1921 session, however, the Assembly again refrained
from adopting any general rules in the matter and confined itself
to renewing the appointment of the Members in office for the
year 1922.
On September 30th, 1922, the Assembly elected all the non-
permanent Members of the Council for one year, the number
being fixed at six. The Assembly also recommended the following
Assembly to adopt various rules regarding elections to the Council,
including the following:
“ The non-permanent Members of the Council are elected
for a period of three years commencing on the first day of
January following the date of their election.
 22

“ One-third of the non-permanent part of the Council shall

be renewed each year.” 1

The 1923 Assembly was unable to comply with the 1922 recom-
mendation regarding the term of office of the non-permanent
Members and the partial renewal of the Council. On September
29th, 1923, it elected the six non-permanent Members of the Council
for the year 1924.
On October 20th, 1924, the Assembly elected the six non-
permanent Members of the Council for the year 1925.
On September 26th, 1925, the Assembly elected the six non-
permanent Members of the Council for the year 1926.

2. SECOND PERIOD (1926 to the present day)

The amendment to the Covenant embodying rules for the

election of non-permanent Members of the Council which was
passed by the Assembly on October 5th, 1921, came into force
on July 29th, 1926. At its seventh session, the Assembly was
thus in a position to adopt the General Rules dated September 15th,
1926.2
Under Article 1, paragraph 1, of these Rules, the term of office
of the non-permanent Members was fixed at three years commencing
immediately on their election and ending on the day of the elections
held three years later by the Assembly. Provision was made for
renewal: three of the non-permanent Members—that is, one-third
of the total—were to be elected each year.3
There are, however, two kinds of circumstances by which non-
permanent Members of the Council may be prevented from
occupying their seats for the whole of their normal term.

1
Resolution of September 29th, 1922.
2
These Rules were framed by a Committee of fifteen members (Committee on
the Composition of the Council) set up by a Council resolution of March 18th,
1926, under the chairmanship of M. Motta. The Committee held two sessions, the
first from May 10th to 18th and the second from August 20th to September 3rd,
1926.
3
Article 1. — The Assembly shall each year, in the course of its ordinary session,
elect three non-permanent Members of the Council. They shall be elected for a
term commencing immediately on their election and ending on the day of the
elections held three years later by the Assembly .
 — 23 —

In the first place, a non-permanent Member may cease to belong

to the Council before the expiry of its term of office.1 In such
a case, a by-election must be held (Article I, paragraph 2).2
In the second place, the Assembly may, by a two-thirds majority,
decide to proceed to a new election of all the non-permanent
Members of the Council. This case is provided for in Article III.3
The 1926 Rules included temporary provisions (Article 4) under
which, of the nine members elected in 1926, three were to be
elected for a term of three years, three for a term of two years and
three for a term of one year.
When, in 1933, a new non-permanent seat was provisionally
created for three years for the ungrouped States, no change was
made in the 1926 Rules. As the result of this decision, however,
the Assembly, at its 1933 session, had to elect four Members instead
of three.
In 1936, the seat provisionally created in 1933 was provisionally
maintained for a further three years and another seat was created,
also provisionally, for three years. The number of non-permanent
Members of the Council having thus been raised from nine to eleven,
the Assembly, at its 1936 session, elected five non-permanent
Members.

RE-ELIGIBILITY

From the outset there have been clearly defined differences

of opinion regarding the re-eligibility of non-permanent Members

1
For instance, if the State in question ceases to belong to the League or if
a Member State relinquishes its seat on the Council.
2
Article 1:

“ Should a non-permanent Member cease to belong to the Council before its

term of office expires, its seat shall be filled by a by-election held separately at the
session following the occurrence of the vacancy. The term of office of the Member
so elected shall end at the date at which the term of office of the Member whose
place it takes would have expired.”
3
Article III:
“ Notwithstanding the above provisions, the Assembly may, at any time by
a two-thirds majority, decide to proceed, in application of Article 4 of the Covenant,
to a new election of all the non-permanent Members of the Council. In this case,
the Assembly shall determine the rules applicable to the new election.”
 — 24 —

on the expiry of their term of office.1 According to one theory,

the Assembly should be entirely free to re-elect Members whose
presence on the Council it may, for various reasons, consider
desirable. According to another theory, the re-election of retiring
non-permanent Members would appear to place such Members
in a more or less privileged position and thus delay or hinder the
entry of other Members into the Council. Generally speaking,
the Governments in favour of a system of rotation are opposed to
the re-eligibility of non-permanent Members.
Chronologically, a distinction should be made here, as before,
between two periods.

i. FIRST PERIOD (1920-1926)

The discussion at the first session of the Assembly produced no

tangible result, and the problem was referred to the Committee on
Amendments to the Covenant.
In its report, that body stated that " it would be dangerous to
authorise unrestricted re-eligibility,” 2 and proposed that, on the
completion of their terms of office, Members of the Council should
not be re-eligible for the four years following.
In a resolution of October 5th, 1921, the Assembly adopted
various conclusions embodied in the First Committee’s report,
including the following: “ (a) That the non-permanent Members of
the Council should, in future, be elected according to a system of
rotation for a fixed period .
In 1922, the Assembly recommended the following Assembly to
adopt the rule that retiring Members should not be re-eligible
until the expiration of a period of three years.
1
See, more particularly, the discussion at the first ordinary session of the
Assembly in 1920. In Annex 7 is an extract from the report of the First
Committee.
2
Document C.394.M.137.1926.V, page 18. The report reads as follows:
“ It would be dangerous to authorise unrestricted re-eligibility. This might
easily result in the non-permanent seats becoming, in effect, permanent ones.
“ By restricting re-eligibility, the tendency—which operates naturally in any
organisation, civil or political—to retain in office those who have held office to the
satisfaction of all is checked. Any consideration of courtesy or of personal good
feeling towards the representatives of States is disregarded once for all, thus giving
to each one liberty to vote to obtain a better general rotation.
“ In addition, unrestricted re-eligibility might eventually result in the exclusion
of certain States.”
 — 25 —

The 1923 Assembly took no decision in the matter.

Indeed, from 1920 to 1926, the retiring Members were, as a rule,
re-elected. There were only two cases in which re-election did not
take place.1 At this time, the Members were elected for one year
only.

2. SECOND PERIOD (1926 to the present day)

The problem of re-eligibility was settled in Article II of the

Rules adopted by the Assembly on September 15th, 1926.2
Under these Rules, non-re-eligibility is the rule and re-eligibility
the exception.
In principle, a retiring Member may not be re-elected until
three years after ceasing to be a Member of the Council.
Nevertheless, upon receipt of a request in writing from the
Member concerned, the Assembly may, by a two-thirds majority
of the votes cast, decide that such Member shall be re-eligible. Each
request for re-eligibility is voted on separately and by secret ballot.

1
In 1920, three retiring Members out of four were re-elected. Greece was
not re-elected.
In 1921, four retiring Members out of four were re-elected.
In 1922, four retiring Members out of four were re-elected (further, two new seats
were filled).
In 1923, five retiring Members out of six were re-elected (China was not re-elected).
In 1924, six retiring Members out of six were re-elected.
In 1925, six retiring Members out of six were re-elected.
2
Article II reads as follows:
“ A retiring Member may not be re-elected during the period between the expira-
tion of its term of office and the third election in ordinary session held thereafter
unless the Assembly, either on the expiration of the Member’s term of office or
in the course of the said period of three years, shall, by a majority of two-thirds
of the votes cast, previously have decided that such Member is re-eligible.
“ The Assembly shall pronounce separately, by secret ballot, upon each request
for re-eligibility. The number of votes cast shall be determined by the total number
of voting-tickets deposited, deducting blank or spoilt votes.
“ The Assembly may not decide upon the re-eligibility of a Member except upon
a request in writing made by the Member itself. The request must be handed to
the President of the Assembly not later than the day before the date fixed for the
election; it shall be submitted to the Assembly, which shall pronounce upon it
without referring it to a Committee and without debate.
“ The number of Members re-elected in consequence of having been previously
declared re-eligible shall be restricted so as to prevent the Council from containing
at the same time more than three Members thus elected. If the result of the ballot
infringes this restriction to three Members, those of the Members affected which
have received the smallest number of votes shall not be considered to have been
elected.”
 — 26 —

The mere fact that a Member is declared re-eligible does not

necessarily imply election. The Member must subsequently be
elected in the ordinary way.
The Assembly’s power to declare non-permanent Members of the
Council re-eligible is, moreover, restricted by the Rules, which
provide that “ the number of Members re-elected in consequence
of having been previously declared re-eligible shall be restricted
so as to prevent the Council from containing at the same time more
than three Members thus elected ”.
In fact, the Assembly declared Poland re-eligible under Article II
of the above-mentioned Rules on September 16th, 1926, Sep-
tember 9th, 1929, October 3rd, 1932, and September 16th, 1935,1
Spain on September 10th, 1928, September 14th, 1931, and
September 17th, 1934, and China on October 8th, 1936.
On several occasions, requests for re-eligibility submitted to the
Assembly failed to obtain the two-thirds majority required by the
Rules.2

THE NUMBER OF MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL

1. INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL

The Covenant originally provided for a Council consisting of

nine Members (five permanent Members and four non-permanent
Members).
Owing to the abstention of the United States of America, the
Council began with only eight Members. There has since been a
continual increase in the number of Members of the Council, as
may be seen from the following table:
Permanent + Non-per- = Total
Members manent Members
192c 4 +4 =8
1923 4 +6 =10
1926 5 +9 = !4
1
Certain Members of the League regularly declared re-eligible on the expiry
of their term of office have been commonly described as “ semi-permanent Members ”.
2
This applies to requests submitted by China (votes of September 10th, 1928,
September 17th, 1930, and September 17th, 1934): by Spain (vote of September
20th, 1937); and by Turkey (vote of September 20th, 1937).
 — 27 —
Permanent + Non-per- = Total
Members manent Members

1933 5 = 15
1934 6
(Until May 25th) . . 6 = 16
1
935 ■ (Until October 20th) 5 = 15
(As from October 21st) 4 + 10 = 14
1936 4 + 11 = 15

The increase in the number of Members of the Council has been

chiefly due to the increase in the number of the non-permanent
Members. This was made either to ensure the representation of
the various groups of States or to increase their representation.1
The increase in the number of Members of the Council was not
brought about without criticism or opposition.
This increase, it was said, involved two drawbacks. The first
was that the Council, it was argued, would become a more cumbrous
organ, less fitted to take rapid decisions. The second was that it
would be more difficult to reach unanimity, as is necessary under
Article 5, if a decision is to be taken. In reality, unanimity has
always been obtained whenever by the terms of the Covenant it
was required.2

2. RELATIVE PROPORTION OF PERMANENT MEMBERS AND NON-

PERMANENT MEMBERS

The Covenant originally provided for a Council in which the

permanent Members would have had a majority of seats: five to
four. Owing to the abstention of the United States, there was

1
When, on September 15th, 1922, the representatives of France and the British
Empire proposed that the number of non-permanent Members should be increased
from four to six, they urged in support of this proposal, on the one hand, the increase
in the number of Members of the League since its inception and, on the other, the
difficulty of ensuring “ an equitable allocation of the non-permanent seats among
the different countries which, owing to common interests, have a tendency to form
themselves into groups ” (document C.394.M.137.1926, page 26).
2
Cases in which a solution had to be obtained by conciliation, which required
acceptance by the parties to the dispute, are evidently excluded.
 — 28 —

equality of numbers as between the permanent and the non-

permanent Members from 1920 to 1922. This balance was sub-
sequently upset—to the advantage of the non-permanent Members
—partly owing to the increase in the number of non-permanent
Members and partly through the withdrawal of two Great Powers
from the League of Nations: Germany and Japan.
At present, the proportion is eleven non-permanent to four
permanent Members.
The change in the proportion between the two categories of
Members has not, generally speaking, given rise to any criticism.
The unanimity rule does, in fact, prevent the non-permanent
Members from imposing on the Council any decision with which
the Great Powers may not be in agreement.1

1
When, on September 15th, 1922, the representatives of France and the British
Empire proposed that the number of non-permanent Members should be increased
from four to six, they pointed out that, while it was true that the increase in the
number of non-permanent Members of the Council would invert the proportion
originally fixed as between permanent and non-permanent Members of the Council,
this objection could hardly be considered a serious one, since, on the one hand,
under Article 5 of the Covenant, decisions of the Council are—except where other-
wise provided—taken unanimously, and the question of a majority, therefore,
did not arise so far as the Council is concerned and, on the other hand, it was
advisable to provide for a future increase in the number of permanent Members.
 — 29

Chapter II

COMPETENCE OF THE COUNCIL

The competence of the Council is derived from the Covenant of

the League. Further, certain treaties have conferred on the Council
special competence to deal with questions coming within the general
aims of the League.
As has been said above, one might be tempted to distinguish
between the powers and duties of the Council and the Assembly
by regarding the former as an executive and the latter as a legislative
body, thus drawing a comparison with the constitution of a State.1

GENERAL COMPETENCE OF THE COUNCIL

i. Article 4, Paragraph 4, of the Covenant

Paragraph 4 of Article 4, which deals with the Council, reads
as follows:
“ The Council may deal at its meetings with any matter within
the sphere of action of the League or affecting the peace of the
world.”
This provision should be read in connection with Article 3,
paragraph 3, which deals with the Assembly.2 It will be observed
1
The report on the Relations between, and the Respective Competence of,
the Council and the Assembly, adopted on December 7th, 1920, says on this subject:
“ . . . It is impossible to consider the Council as invested with the executive
and the Assembly with the legislative power. The conclusive objection to this view
is that the Assembly possesses executive prerogatives . . . the League has no
analogy in ordinary constitutional law. Article 2 of the Covenant provides that the
action of the League shall be effected through the instrumentality of an Assembly
and a Council.”
2
Paragraph 3 of Article 3 is worded as follows:
“ The Assembly may deal at its meetings with any matter within the sphere of
action of the League or affecting the peace of the world.”
 — 3o —

that the text which determines the competence of the Council and
that which determines the competence of the Assembly are worded
in the same terms. Hence there is not, in principle, one category
of questions reserved for the Council and another reserved for the
Assembly. Council and Assembly can deal with the same questions
without action by either excluding action by the other.
The competence of the Council, like that of the Assembly,
extends, in principle, to all questions coming within the competence
of the League. The League’s competence need not be considered
here: it has never been defined in precise terms.
This competence covers two things^—namely, any matter “ within
the sphere of action of the League ” and any matter “ affecting
the peace of the world ”.
The second of these covers a very wide field; but the meaning
is clear. The first is not defined by Articles 3 and 4 of the Covenant,
which refer to the “ sphere of action of the League ” but do not
delimit that sphere of action. Other articles of the Covenant,
however, contain indications as to the subjects with which the
League has to deal.

2. Exercise by the Council and Assembly of their General

Competence

It has already been said that the general competence of the

Council and of the Assembly extends over two fields: the main-
tenance of peace and international co-operation in various technical
matters (economics, finance, social questions, etc.).
Two points are to be noted as regards these technical questions.
First, the Assembly has come to play a preponderant part.
This is for two reasons: the Assembly votes the necessary funds
and thus has the supreme control over the development of the
League’s technical activities. On the other hand, one of the main
results of the League’s technical work is the conclusion of con-
ventions by international conferences. Now the decision as to
the summoning of such conferences (resolution of September
25th, 1931) is with the Assembly.
Secondly, the Council and the Assembly have come to play
somewhat different parts in practice. Action is taken and decisions
 — 3i
on points of principle are reached chiefly by the Assembly. The
Council also takes action and reaches decisions, but it also has more
specially executive duties such as a smaller body meeting several
times a year is better able to perform Thus the Council, in
conformity with decisions of the Assembly:
(a) Appoints members of the permanent technical Com-
mittees;
(b) Gives instructions from time to time to the technical
organisations;
(c) Appoints special committees to report on questions
raised in the Assembly;
(d) Approved the statutes of the Institute of Intellectual
Co-operation, the Institute of Educational Cinematography,
the Institute for the Unification of Private Law and the Inter-
national Centre for Research on Leprosy, and drew up the
statutes of the Nansen Office;
(e) Assumed important duties in regard to the construction
of the new League buildings.

3. Declaration of the Council of December 6th, 1927

The Council declared on December 6th, 1927, that, when seized

of a question under an article of the Covenant, it had power to
declare itself competent under another article of the Covenant 1
in the case of disputes submitted to the League.
To understand this declaration, it is essential to bear in mind
the general competence which is given to the Council by Article 4,
paragraph 4, of the Covenant.
In practice, the Council appears in an increasing degree to base
its competence on particular articles, and it is becoming less and
less common for Members of the League to refer a dispute to the
Council without expressly invoking one or more particular articles.

1
This should be understood, it would appear, as meaning another article of
the Covenant expressly giving the Council competence or not referring either to
the Council or Assembly.
 - 32

JO [XT COMPETENCE OF COUNCIL AND ASSEMBLY

It has been shown that Article 4, paragraph 4, and Article 3,

paragraph 3, confer the same general competence on the Council
and on the Assembly.
Further, various articles of the Covenant which provide for
special procedures confer competence upon both Council and
Assembly. These are Article 4, paragraph 2, Article 6, paragraph 2,
Article n, paragraph 2, Article 14, Article 15 and Article 23.
A distinction should be made between the three cases of
concurrent competence, successive competence, and acts requiring
the co-operation of the Council and the Assembly.

1. Concurrent Competence
When both the Council and the Assembly may deal with the
same questions at the same time, there is what may be called “ a
concurrent competence ”.
Such a competence arises either from provisions of the Covenant
which give it expressly to the Council and to the Assembly {e.g.,
Article 11, paragraph 2), or from provisions of the Covenant which
give a special competence to the League without mentioning the
Council or the Assembly (Article 23).

A. Provisions which expressly confer the same competence on the

Council and on the Assembly
Article 11, paragraph 2, and Article 14.
A matter may first be brought before the Council or before the
Assembly, and there is no obstacle in principle to a simultaneous
consideration by the Council and by the Assembly. In other words,
a reference to the one does not exclude consideration by the other.
But in fact the Council and the Assembly will not often take action
at the same time.
[a) Article 11, paragraph 2.
This paragraph is in the following terms:
“It is also declared to be the friendly right of each Member
of the League to bring to the attention of the Assembly or of the
 — 33
Council any circumstance whatever affecting international relations
which threatens to disturb international peace or the good
understanding between nations upon which peace depends.”
Article n, paragraph 2, allows such matters to be brought
before either the Council or the Assembly. In practice, they are
brought before the Council. Such reference has been fairly frequent,
whether at the request of a party to a dispute—i.e., a State consid-
ering itself injured or threatened—or at the request of a third State
which saw fit to draw the Council’s attention to a situation calcu-
lated to threaten peate or disturb good ir ternational understanding.
The seriousness of the situations so referred to the Council has,
in practice, varied a great deal, as was contemplated in Article n
itself. In certain cases, there was actual menace of war, or hosti-
lities had even begun. In other cases, there was a dispute of some
seriousness which might have been submitted to the procedure
reserved by Article 15 for disputes “ likely to lead to a rupture ”;
but the State concerned preferred to submit the dispute to a more
elastic and more discreet procedure. Invoking its friendly right
under Article n, paragraph 2, the State has placed its claim before
international public opinion and asked for the Council’s good
offices with a view to a satisfactory settlement. On other occasions,
it has been a case of disputes of minor importance which did not
justify the use of the machinery provided in Article 15. In such
cases, the Council has never applied the maxim de minimis non
curat ftnetor. It has given a hearing to the appellant State as well
as to the reply of the other party to the dispute.
In all cases, the Council has instructed one or more rapporteurs
to ascertain whether conciliation was possible. It has endeavoured,
when it seemed suitable, to propose a settlement to the parties.
Frequently, the matter has been terminated by a unanimous
resolution of the Council—i.e., a resolution accepted by the parties.
(&) Article 14.
Article 14 reads:
“ . . . The Court may als ogive an advisory opinion upon any dis-
pute or question referred to it by the Council or by the Assembly.”
The Council and Assembly are each perfectly free to put questions
to the Court on any given subject. It is in this sense that there may
be said to be concurrent competence of the Council and Assembly.
 — 34 —

Obviously, when the Council has put a particular question to the

Court, the Assembly will not need to put the same question.
Can the Assembly ask the Permanent Court of International
Justice a question which the Council has been requested to and has
refused to ask, or vice-versa ? This point was put before the First
Committee of the Assembly in 1923 on the occasion of the Polish-
Lithuanian dispute.1
The First Committee confined itself to the somewhat unusual
case that was before it. Its report is very complicated.2
In practice, up to the present, the Council alone has applied
for advisory opinions.

B. Provisions of the Covenant conferring a special competence on

the League without mentioning the Council or the Assembly

Paragraphs [b), (c), (d), (e) and (/) of Article 23, which run as
follows:
“. . The Members of the League:
» • • •
“ (b) Undertake to secure just treatment of the native
inhabitants of territories under their control;
“ (c) Will entrust the League with the general supervision over
the execution of agreements with regard to the traffic in women and
children, and the traffic in opium and other dangerous drugs;
“ (d) Will entrust the League with the general supervision
of the trade in arms and ammunition with the countries in which
the control of this traffic is necessary in the common interest; ”
“ (e) Will make provision to secure and maintain freedom of
communications and of transit and equitable treatment for the
commerce of all Members of the League .
“ (/) Will endeavour to take steps in matters of international
concern for the prevention and control of disease.”
1
The Lithuanian Government was not satisfied (with certain decisions of the
Council and asked the latter to request the Permanent Court of International
Justice for an advisory opinion on two questions relating to the Council’s compe-
tence, and on the effect of recommendations formulated by the Council in virtue
of Article 15 of the Covenant. The Council refused to comply with this request,
which
2
Lithuania then addressed to the Assembly.
Assembly 1923, Minutes of the First Committee, page 57.
 — 35

In reality, action by one of the two organs on these technical

matters is followed by action by the other, and there is more or
less continuous collaboration between them.
The Assembly and the Council join in or share in a work of
initiative, direction and co-ordination to an extent that varies
with circumstances, but the technical work is done by Advisory
Committees,1 supervised both by the Assembly and by the Council.
This work often leads up to a Convention 2 prepared by an inter-
national conference in which the decision rests with Governments.

2. Successive Competences

Article 15, which provides machinery for the consideration of

disputes by the Council, contemplates the cancellation of a reference
to the Council either if the Council so decides or if a request to that
effect is made by one of the parties. This is provided for in Article 15,
paragraph 9, which reads as follows:
“ The Council may in any case under this article refer the dispute
to the Assembly. The dispute shall be so referred at the request of
either party to the dispute, provided that such request be made within
fourteen days after the submission of the dispute to the Council.”
Under Article 15, reference has to be made to the Council in all
cases. If the matter is then referred to the Assembly, the reference

1
Examples:
Article 23(6): Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery.
Article 23(c): Advisory Committee on Social Questions; Advisory Committee on
the Traffic in Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs.
Article 23(c): Advisory and Technical Committee on Communications and
Transit.
While this activity was not provided for expressly in article 23 of the Covenant,
the Council and the Assembly proceeded in the same way in regard to intellectual
co-operation, creating an International Committee on Intellectual Co-operation.
2
Examples:
Article 23(6): Slavery Convention, Geneva, September 25th, 1926.
Article 23(c): Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and
Children, Geneva, September 30th, 1921; Convention for limiting the Manufacture
and regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs, Geneva, July 13th, 1931.
Article 23(d): Supervision of the International Trade in Arms and Ammunition
and Implements of War (Convention), Geneva, June 17th, 1925.
Article 23(c): Convention and Statute on Freedom of Transit, Barcelona,
April 20th, 1921. Simplification of Customs Formalities. Geneva, November 3rd,
1923.
 ~ 36 —

to the Council lapses. This is a clear case of successive competence

of the Council and Assembly.
The procedure of Article 15 comprises two stages. The first aims
at the conciliation of the parties (paragraphs 1, 2 and 3). Should
the first stage be unsuccessful, it is followed by the second, which
concludes with the adoption by the Council or Assembly of a report
recommending solutions (paragraphs 4, 5, 6 and 7). Even if the
report is adopted unanimously, it does not bind the parties, but
it has an important legal effect: it obliges the Members of the League
not to go to war with any party which complies with the
recommendations of the report (paragraph 6).
Article 15 has been invoked on a number of occasions. Sometimes,
on account of various circumstances, it has not been necessary to
apply it, or the application has only been begun,1 while on other
occasions the procedure has continued to the final stage—namely,
the report of the Council or Assembly.2 In this case, the report has
always been adopted unanimously.
On two occasions, matters have been referred from the Council
to the Assembly at the request of one of the parties. This was first
done at the request of China in the Manchurian conflict (1932), and
on the second occasion at the request of Bolivia in the Chaco
conflict (1934).

3. Acts requiring the Co-operation of the Council and

Assembly

The Covenant provides that for certain acts the Council and
Assembly must be consulted. The more important role devolves

1
1920: Bolivia, Chile, Peru (Tacna-Arica).
1923: Greece, Italy (Corfu).
1925: Greece, Bulgaria (Demir-Kapu).
1932: United Kingdom, Iran (Anglo-Persian Oil Co.).
2
1923: Lithuania, Poland (Vilna). Council report of September 20th, 1921.
1924: United Kingdom, Turkey (Mosul). Council decision of September 30th,
1924.
1932: China, Japan (Manchuria). Assembly report of February 24th, 1933-
1933: Colombia, Peru (Leticia). Council report of March 18th, 1933-
1934: Bolivia, Paraguay (Chaco). Assembly report of November 24th, 1934-
1935: Italy, Ethiopia. Council report of October 7th, 1935•
 — 37 —

on the Council. It takes the initiative, and carries out the act,
but it requires the approval of the Assembly.

{a) Creation of new seats on the Council (Article 4, para-

graph 2).
Article 4, paragraph 2, of the Covenant, which provides for the
creation of new permanent or non-permanent seats, is worded
as follows:
“ 2. With the approval of the majority of the Assembly, the
Council may name additional Members of the League whose
representatives shall always be members of the Council; 1 the
Council with like approval may increase the number of Members
of the League to be selected by the Assembly for representation
on the Council.” 2

(b) Appointment of the Secretary-General (Article 6, para-

graph 2).
This paragraph is worded as follows:
“ 2. The first Secretary-General shall be the person named in
the Annex; thereafter, the Secretary-General shall be appointed by
the Council with the approval of the majority of the Assembly.’ 3

SPECIAL POWERS CONFERRED ON THE COUNCIL BY

CERTAIN ARTICLES OF THE COVENANT

Various articles of the Covenant grant certain special powers to

the Council, while other articles grant such powers to the Assembly.

1
In virtue of this provision, permanent seats were created for Germany and
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
2
Under this provision, the number of non-permanent seats has been raised on
various occasions from four to eleven (see Annex 4).
3
In accordance with this provision, M. Joseph Avenol was appointed Secretary-
General by the Council on October 15th, 1932. This appointment was approved
by the Assembly on December 9th, 1932.
 - 38
It is not without interest to compare the special powers conferred
on the Council and on the Assembly:

Council Assembly
Article Paragraph Article Paragraph
6 3 I 2
7 2 4 I
8 2 ” 2
4 ” 2 bis
5 6 2
10 — 5
11 i 19
13 4 26 —
14
16 2
4
17 1

4
22 7
yy
9
24 2
3

The special powers of the Council may be classified under the

following heads:

1. International Disputes and Security

The Council has in fact been called upon much more frequently
than the Assembly to discuss situations dangerous for peace, or to
deal with disputes which have occurred between the nations.
This is due, not merely to the fact that the ordinary sessions
of the Council are more frequent than those of the Assembly and
that it is easier to convene an extraordinary session of the Council
than to hold an extraordinarjr session of the Assembly, but also
to the fact that the Covenant itself gives wider powers in these
matters to the Council than to the Assembly.
 — 39 —

(a) Article 10.

Article 10 reads:
“ The Members of the League undertake to respect and preserve
as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing
political independence of all Members of the League. In case of any
such aggression or in case of any threat or danger of such aggression,
the Council shall advise upon the means by which this obligation
shall be fulfilled.”
This article has been invoked by various Members of the League
during the past eighteen years.1 Generally it has not been invoked
alone, but in conjunction with other articles (Articles n or 15).
It has not given rise to any special procedure.

(b) Article n (paragraph 1).

This paragraph reads:
“ 1. Any war or threat of war, whether immediately affecting
any of the Members of the League or not, is hereby declared a
matter of concern to the whole League, and the League shall
take any action that may be deemed wise and effectual to safeguard
the peace of nations. In case any such emergency should arise,
the Secretary-General shall on the request of any Member of the
League forthwith summon a meeting of the Council.”
This paragraph has been invoked several times in cases where
a serious difference existed between States, or even where hostilities
had broken out.2

(c) Article 13, paragraph 4.

This- paragraph reads as follows:
“ The Members of the League agree that they will carry out in
full good faith any award or decision that may be rendered, and

1
It was invoked in connection with the following disputes: Persia-Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics (1920); Austria-Hungary (1921); Greece-Bulgaria (1925) :
Ethiopian protest against an Anglo-Italian agreement (1926); China-Japan (1931);
Colombia-Peru
2
(1933); Bolivia-Paraguay (1928-1935); China-Japan (1937)-
For instance, in the following disputes: Persia-Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (Enzeli affair) (1920); Greece-Bulgaria (1925); Poland-Lithuania (1927);
China-Japan (1931); Bolivia-Paraguay (i933)-
 — 40 —
that they will not resort to war against a Member of the League
which complies therewith. In the event of any failure to carry
out such an award or decision, the Council shall propose what steps
should be taken to give effect thereto.”
1 his paragraph aims at providing for the enforcement of arbitral
or judicial awards.
During the past eighteen years, this provision has been invoked
only once.1
(d) Article 16, paragraph 2.
This paragraph reads:
2. It shall be the duty of the Council in such case to recommend
to the several Governments concerned what effective military
naval or air force the Members of the League shall severally contri-
bute to the armed forces to be used to protect the covenants of
the League.”
This paragiaph, which relates to military sanctions, has never
been put into effect. Article 16 has been applied in only one case
(the Italo-Ethiopian conflict), and then there was no question of
military sanctions.
Article 16 does not authorise the Council to name the aggressor
or even to give an opinion on the question. But it may be taken
that, if the Council has the duty of recommending military measures
against the aggressor, it will be called upon to deal with the
question who is the aggressor before recommending such measures.
On October 5th, 1921, the Assembly adopted various amend-
ments extending and defining the Council’s duties in the
application of Article 16.2 These amendments have not come

A 1 A1!air
August ^f 1928—Official
25th,
the H n arian
o T g optantsOctober
Journal, (Letter1928,
of the Hungarian
page 1588). Government of
2 eW ara ra
worded? as Pfollows:
S ph. which was intended to become paragraph 2 of Article 16 was
It is for the Conned to give an opinion whether or not a breach of the Covenant
has taken place. In deliberations on this question in the Council, the votes of
Members of the League alleged to have resorted to war and of Members against
whom such action was directed shall not be counted.”
This amendment has obtained three ratifications and nine signatures not followed
by ratification.
A new paragraph, which was intended to become paragraph 3 of Article 16 was
worded as follows:
The Council will notify to all Members of the League the date which
it recommends for the application of the economic pressure under this article.”
 4i —

into force because the necessary ratifications have not been

obtained.1
On the same day, the Assembly also adopted a number of reso-
lutions regarding the economic weapon, some of which extended
the powers of the Council.2
In the Italo-Ethiopian conflict, the Council, like the Assembly,
played a certain part in finding that there had been a breach of the
Covenant. The Council met, and though it did not adopt a
resolution, its Members gave their individual views on the breach
of the Covenant.
(e) Article 17.
This article states that:
“ 1. In the event of a dispute between a Member of the League
and a State which is not a member of the League, or between States
not members of the League, the State or States not members of the
League shall be invited to accept the obligations of membership

This amendment has obtained thirty-one ratifications and nine signatures not
followed by ratification.
A new paragraph, which was intended to become paragraph 4 of Article 16, was
worded as follows:
“ Nevertheless, the Council may, in the case of particular Members, postpone
the coming into force of any of these measures for a specified period where it is
satisfied that such a postponement will facilitate the attainment of the object of
the measures referred to in the preceding paragraph, or that it is necessary in order
to minimise the loss and inconvenience which will be caused to such Members.”
This amendment has obtained thirty-one ratifications and eleven signatures
not followed by ratification.
1
On October 4th, 1921, the Assembly adopted the following resolution:
“ The resolutions and the proposals for amendments to Article 16 which have
been adopted by the Assembly shall, so long as the amendments have not been put
in force in the form required by the Covenant, constitute rules for guidance which
the Assembly recommends, as a provisional measure, to the Council and to the
Members of the League in connection with the application of Article 16.”
2
“ 5. All cases of breach of Covenant under Article 16 shall be referred to the
Council as a matter of urgency at the request of any Member of the League.
Further, if a breach of Covenant be committed, or if there arise a danger of such
breach being committed, the Secretary-General shall at once give notice thereof
to all the Members of the Council. Upon receipt of such a request by a Member of
the League, or of such a notice by the Secretary-General, the Council will meet as
soon as possible. The Council shall summon representatives of the parties to the
conflict and of all States which are neighbours of the defaulting State, or which
normally maintain close economic relations with it, or whose co-operation would be
especially valuable for the application of Article 16.
“6. If the Council is of opinion that a State has been guilty of a breach of
Covenant, the Minutes of the meeting at which that opinion is arrived at shall be
 — 42 —
in the League for the purposes of such dispute, upon such conditions
as the Council may deem just. If such invitation is accepted, the
provisions of Articles 12 to 16 inclusive shall be applied with such
modifications as may be deemed necessary by the Council.

“ 2. Upon such invitation being given, the Council shall

immediately institute an enquiry into the circumstances of the
dispute and recommend such action as may seem best and most
effectual in the circumstances.

4. If both parties to the dispute when so invited refuse to

accept the obligations of membership in the League for the purposes
of such dispute, the Council may take such measures and make such
recommendations as will prevent hostilities and will result in the
settlement of the dispute.”
The above paragraphs entrust an important duty to the Council.

immediately sent to all Members of the League, accompanied by a statement of

reasons and by an invitation to take action accordingly. The fullest publicity
shall be given to this decision.
“ 7. For the purpose of assisting it to enforce Article 16, the Council may, if it
thinks fit, be assisted by a technical committee. This committee, which will
remain in permanent session as soon as the action decided on is taken, may include,
if desirable, representatives of the States specially affected.
“ 8. The Council shall recommend the date on which the enforcement of
economic pressure, under Article 16, is to be begun, and shall give notice of that
date to all the Members of the League.
“ 9. All States must be treated alike as regards the application of the measures
of economic pressure, with the following reservations:
“ (a) It may be necessary to recommend the execution of special measures
by certain States;
(b) If it is thought desirable to postpone, wholly or partially, in the case
of certain States, the effective application of the economic sanctions laid down
in Article 16, such postponement shall not be permitted except in so far as it is
desirable for the success of the common plan of action, or reduces to a minimum
the losses and embarrassments which may be entailed in the case of certain
Members of the League by the application of the sanctions.
10. It is not possible to decide beforehand, and in detail, the various measures
of an economic, commercial and financial nature to be taken in each case where
economic pressure is to be applied.
“ When the case arises, the Council shall recommend to the Members of the
League a plan for joint action.
19. The Council shall urge upon all the States Members of the League that
their Governments should take the necessary preparatory measures, above all of a
legislative character, to enable them to enforce at short notice the necessary measures
of economic pressure.”
 43 —

Article 17 was invoked, inter alia, together with Articles 10 and 11,
on September 12th, 1937, by the Chinese Government in its dispute
with Japan. The question was placed on the agenda of the Council.1

2. Disarmament
In the matter of armaments, the Covenant entrusted the Council
with two tasks, the first dealing with the reduction in armaments,
and the second with the private manufacture of munitions and
implements of war. The Council, like the Assembly, has often
considered the general problem or some aspects of it.

{a) Article 8 (paragraphs 2 and 4): Reduction of armaments.

Article 8, paragraphs 2 and 4, of the Covenant state that:
“ The Council, taking account of the geographical situation and
circumstances of each State, shall formulate plans for such reduction
for the consideration and action of the several Governments.

“ After these plans shall have been adopted by the several

Governments, the limits of armaments therein fixed shall not be
exceeded without the concurrence of the Council.”
The Covenant provided that the Council should itself prepare
for the reduction in armaments (Article 8, paragraph 2) and should
control such reduction when it had been achieved (Article 8,
paragraph 4).
Owing to various circumstances, the chief of which appear to
have been the League’s lack of universality and the need for the
collaboration of non-member States in the matter of disarmament,
the Council stood aside and the work of disarmament was entrusted
to an International Conference which opened at Geneva on
February 2nd, 1932.

1
The Chinese Government subsequently stated that it would agree to the matter
being dealt with by the Far Eastern Advisory Committee (which was set up by the
Assembly on February 24th, 1933, after its adoption of the report provided for
under Article 15 on the Sino-Japanese dispute in September 1931)-
On September 16th, 1937, Council adopted a decision enabling it to bring
the matter before the Advisory Committee while retaining it on its agenda.
 — 44 —
(b) Aiticle 8 (paragraph 5): Private manufacture of armaments.
Article 8, paragraph 5, of the Covenant states that:
“ The Members of the League agree that the manufacture by
private enterprise of munitions and implements of war is open
to grave objections. The Council shall advise how the evil effects
attendant upon such manufacture can be prevented, due regard
being had to the necessities of those Members of the League which
are not able to manufacture the munitions and implements of war
necessary for their safety.”

1 his problem was taken up by the Conference for the Reduction

and Limitation of Armaments.

3. Organisation of the League of Nations

(a) Article 6 (paragraph 3): Appointment of League officials.

Paragraph 3 of Article 6 states that:
“ The secretaries and staff of the Secretariat shall be appointed
by the Secretary-General with the approval of the Council.”
In the case of the Secretary-General of the League, the conditions
of appointment are different.

{b) Article 7 (paragraph 2): Establishment of the seat of the

League elsewhere.
Article 7 states that:
“ 1. The seat of the League is established in Geneva.
“ 2. The Council may at any time decide that the seat of the
League shall be established elsewhere ...”

(c) Article 14: Creation of the Permanent Court of International

Justice.
Article 14 instructed the Council to formulate plans for the
establishment of a Permanent Court of International Justice.
This article states that:
“ The Council shall formulate . . . plans for the establishment
of a Permanent Court of International Justice . . . ”
 45 —

The Council carried out the task entrusted to it under the

Covenant in the following manner:
It instructed an Advisory Committee of Jurists to prepare a draft,
which was communicated to the Members of the League. The
Council then revised the draft and communicated it to the Assem-
bly, which, after introducing certain amendments, adopted it on
December 13th, 1920. In doing so, it did not itself create the Court,
but simply drew up the constitutive act of the Court, giving it the
form of an international treaty. A Protocol, dated December 16th,
1920, was opened for signature and ratification by Members of
the League and the other States mentioned in the Annex to the
Covenant.
The Statute of the Court was to come into force when the
Protocol had been ratified by a majority of the Members of
the League. This condition was fulfilled on October 3rd, 1921.

(d) Article 24 (paragraphs 2 and 3): Matters regulated by

general Conventions; international bureaux or commissions.
Paragraph 2 of Article 24 states that:
“ In all matters of international interest which are regulated by
general Conventions but which are not placed under the control
of international bureaux or commissions, the Secretariat of the
League shall, subject to the consent of the Council and if desired
by the parties, collect and distribute all relevant information and
shall render any other assistance which may be necessary or
desirable.”

Paragraph 3 of Article 24 states that:

“ The Council may include as part of the expenses of the
Secretariat the expenses of any bureau or commission which is
placed under the direction of the League.”

4. Exclusion from the League of Nations

Paragraph 4 of Article 16 of the Covenant states that:

“ Any Member of the League which has violated any covenant
of the League may be declared to be no longer a Member of the
 — 46

League by a vote of the Council concurred in by the represen-

tatives of all the other Members of the League represented
thereon.”
This provision has never been applied.

5. Mandates

The Council exercises control over mandated territories in

virtue of Article 22, paragraphs 7, 8 and 9, of the Covenant,
which read as follows:
“ 7. In every case of mandate, the Mandatory shall render to
the Council an annual report in reference to the territory committed
to its charge.
“ 8. The degree of authority, control, or administration to be
exercised by the Mandatory shall, if not previously agreed upon
by the Members of the League, be explicitly defined in each case
by the Council.
“9. A permanent Commission shall be constituted to receive
and examine the annual reports of the Mandatories and to advise
the Council on all matters relating to the observance of the .
mandates.”
In accordance with paragraph 8 of the above article, the Council
drew up the terms of the charters which bind mandatory Powers,
and the responsibility for control assumed by the League is based
on those instruments. The Council appoints the members of the
Permanent Mandates Commission. It has endowed that body with
Statutes and Rules of Procedure. The Permanent Mandates
Commission submits reports to the Council.
On the basis of these reports, the Council addresses observations,
if it thinks fit, to the mandatory Power.
In so far as they have not previously been determined, the
frontier-lines of mandated territories are submitted to the Council
for approval. Rectifications of frontiers are subject to the Council’s
approval.
Finally, as Article 22 of the Covenant contains no provisions
regarding the expiry of the mandatory regime, the Council decides
when the time has come for the emancipation of a mandated
 — 47

territory. With this object it laid down in 1931 the general condi-
tions to be fulfilled by a mandated territory before the mandatory
regime can be terminated.

POWERS OF THE COUNCIL UNDER CERTAIN TREATIES

1. The Treaties in Question

Certain treaties, varying considerably in character, confer powers
on the Council. Such are the Peace Treaties, the Minority Treaties,
the Protocol of December 16th, 1920, concerning the Statute of the
Permanent Court of International Justice, the Treaty of Lausanne
of July 24th, 1923, the Treaty of Locarno, and various Conventions
concluded under the auspices of the League.
(a) Peace Treaties.
Certain powers were conferred on the Council of the League by
the Peace Treaties. The majority of those powers were connected
with temporary circumstances (e.g., the Saar Territory) and have
now expired. Among those which are not of this nature, mention
may be made of Article 80 of the Treaty of Versailles concerning
the independence of Austria 1, the Free City of Danzig (Articles 100
to 108) and Article 213, which concerns investigations in Germany.2
(b) Minority Treaties.
In the Peace Treaties and in the special, so-called Minority
Treaties there are provisions on behalf of racial, religious or linguistic
minorities. These obligations of international concern are placed
under the guarantee of the League, and could not be modified
without the consent of a majority of the Council.
The provisions relating to minorities in the following countries:
Poland (February 13th, 1920), Austria (October 27th, 1920),
Bulgaria (October 27th, 1920), Czechoslovakia (November 29th,
1920), the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (November

1
This article states that “ this independence shall be inalienable, except with
the consent of the Council of the League of Nations ”.
2
This article states that:
“ So long as the present Treaty remains in force, Germany undertakes to give
every facility for any investigation which the Council of the League of Nations,
acting if need be by a majority vote, may consider necessary.”
 - 48

29th, 1920), Hungary (August 30th, 1921), Roumania (August 30th,

1921), Greece (September 26th, 1924) and Turkey (September 26th,
1924) were successively placed under the League’s guarantee.
Clauses providing that the League should guarantee the protec-
tion of minorities were likewise included in the declarations made
before the Council by Finland (June 27th, 1921), Albania
(October 2nd, 1921), Lithuania (May 22nd, 1922), Latvia (July 7th,
1923), Estonia (September 17th, 1923), and Iraq (May 30th, 1932),
and also in special chapters inserted in the Convention between
Germany and Poland concerning Upper Silesia (May 15th, 1922),1
and in the Convention regarding the Memel Territory, between
France, Italy, Japan and the United Kingdom of the one part, and
Lithuania of the other (May 8th, 1924).
Consequently, the Council considered that the nature and limits
of the guarantee undertaken by the League should be defined.
This was done in the report by M. Tittoni, which was approved
by the Council on October 22nd, 1920. This report states that the
right to draw attention to infringements, or risks of infringement, of
treaty clauses is reserved to Members of the Council. The report
also contains a number of Rules of Procedure. (See also the Council
resolutions of October 25th, 1920, September 5th, 1923, June 27th,
1923, June 10th, 1925, and June 13th, 1929.)

(c) Protocol of December 16th, 1920.

This protocol relates to the Statute of the Permanent Court of
International Justice. Article 10 of that Statute, concerning the
election of judges, states that:
“ Those candidates who obtain an absolute majority of votes
in the Assembly and in the Council shall be considered as elec-
ted.”
The procedure is thus one which requires the co-operation of the
Council and of the Assembly.

(d) Treaty of Lausanne.

Article 3, paragraph 2, of the Treaty of Lausanne, of July
24th, 1923, entrusted the Council with the task of determining
1
This Convention has expired.
the frontier between Turkey and Iraq, should no agreement
between the two countries be reached within a period of three
months.
The Permanent Court of International Justice, which had been
asked for an advisory opinion on this subject, stated that the
decision to be taken by the Council would be binding on the
parties concerned, and that the latter’s votes would not be included
when the necessary unanimity of votes was calculated.1
In its advisory opinion, the Court stated that the Council could
be asked to give a binding decision in a dispute if the parties
concerned agreed that such should be done.2 The Council may
thus be invested with quasi-arbitral powers.

(e) Treaty of Locarno, of October 16th, 1925.

Articles 4 and 5 of the treaty of mutual guarantee between
Belgium, Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy, done at
Locarno on October 16th, 1925, give the Council control over the
execution of the measures to be adopted if the undertakings
embodied in the treaty are violated.

(/) Conventions concluded under the auspices of the League.

Certain Conventions concluded under the auspices of the League
confer on the Council various powers, consisting in particular of the
right to nominate members of Committees.3

1 Advisory Opinion No. 12, November 21st, 1925.

2
The opinion runs:
“ Though it is true that the powers of the Council, in regard to the settlement of
disputes, are dealt with in Article 15 of the Covenant, and that, under that article,
the Council can only make recommendations, which, even when made unanimously,
do not of necessity settle the dispute, that article only sets out the minimum
obligations which are imposed upon States and the minimum corresponding powers
of the Council. There is nothing to prevent the parties from accepting obligations,
and from conferring on the Council powers wider than those resulting from the
strict terms of Article 15, and in particular from substituting, by an agreement
entered into in advance, for the Council’s power to make a mere recommendation,
the power to give a decision which, by virtue of their previous consent, compulsorily
settles the dispute.”
3
See the Geneva Opium Convention of 1925, Articles 19 and 20 (Permanent
Central Opium Board).
 — 5o —

2. Powers conferred on the Council require to be accepted

by IT

The fact that a treaty confers powers on the Council of the

League obviously does not bind the League to exercise those
powers.
The exercise of such powers must have been provided for by the
Covenant itself. This is so in the case of Article 5 of the Covenant
with regard to the Peace Treaties.1
In other cases, it is necessary for the Council to have accepted
the powers conferred on it. Such acceptance may be the result
of a formal decision2 or may be implicit.3

CAN THE ASSEMBLY DEAL WITH MATTERS IN REGARD

TO WHICH THE COUNCIL HAS RECEIVED A SPECIAL
JURISDICTION ?

This question may arise in regard to the Council also, for there
are matters that are specially placed within the jurisdiction of the
Council and others within that of the Assembly.
This is a delicate question and any reply must be somewhat
indefinite. An opinion can only be founded on the decisions of
the Council or of the Assembly, or on the practice followed by the
organs of the League.

1. Report adopted by the Assembly on December 7TH, 1920

The following principles were laid down:

“ (a) The Council and the Assembly are each invested with
particular powers and duties. Neither body has jurisdiction

1
That article states that:
“ Except where otherwise expressly provided in this Covenant or by the terms
of the present treaty, decisions at any meeting of the Assembly or of the Council
shall require the agreement of all the Members ...”
(The Covenant forms the first part of each of the Peace Treaties.)
2
3
As was the case with the Minorities Treaties.
As was the case with the Treaty of Locarno.
 _ 5i —

to render a decision in a matter which by the treaties or the

Covenant has been expressly committed to the other organ
of the League. Either body may discuss and examine any
matter which is within the competence of the League.”
Here there appear to be two distinct principles: on the one hand,
the decision rests with the organ on which jurisdiction has been
conferred, and, on the other hand, the other organ retains the right
to discuss and consider the question, having regard to the fact
that it falls within the general jurisdiction of the League.

2. Present Practice
The Assembly is accustomed to discuss the position of minorities,
although the Council is indicated as the competent body to deal
with breaches of the minorities treaties by those treaties themselves.
The same applies to mandates, which are placed by Article 22
within the competence of the Council.
The Assembly has discussed questions of disarmament, although
Article 8 mentions only the Council.
It would seem that, in applying the articles of the Covenant
that relate to international disputes and security, there has been
a stricter separation between the powers specially given to the
Council and those specially given to the Assembly.
 — 53 —

Chapter III

COUNCIL PROCEDURE

HISTORICAL SURVEY

The internal procedure of the Council was, until 1933, governed

by the Rules of Procedure which the Council adopted on May 17th,
1920. Although in the main the Council followed these Rules of
Procedure, some of their provisions—for instance, those concerning
the appointment of a Vice-President—were never applied.
The Council, being desirous of amending its Rules of Procedure
in the light of experience, decided on January 24th, 1933, to request
a Committee, consisting of the representatives of Italy, Guatemala
and Norway, to prepare a draft of new Rules of Procedure. The
Committee submitted its draft on January 27th, 1933, and it was
decided that this should be communicated to the Members of
the Council and that they should be invited to study it before the
next session of the Council. On May 26th, 1933, the text drawn
up by the Council Committee was adopted by the Council with a
few slight amendments. These are the Rules that are applied
to-day.
The 1933 Rules have undergone few modifications. They were
supplemented by a few provisions adopted by the Council on
September 29th, 1937, on the proposal of a Committee composed
of the representatives of the United Kingdom, Chile, China, France
and Poland.1
The Council has also adopted certain resolutions relating to
procedure which do not appear in its Rules of Procedure. These
resolutions were annexed to the report of the above-mentioned
Committee.2
1 Document C.395.1937. See Annex 6.
2
They are given in the annex to document C.395.1937.
 54 —

DATES AND PLACE OF COUNCIL MEETINGS

Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Covenant provides that the Council

shall meet from time to time as occasion may require, and at least
once a year.1

1. Ordinary Sessions
The Rules of Procedure of the Council provide for periodical
ordinary sessions. These are at present four in number. They
are held on the third Monday in January, the second Monday in
May, three days before the ordinary meeting of the Assembly,
and, in the case of the fourth session, at a date following closely
upon the appointment by the Assembly of the non-permanent
Members of the Council. As the Council’s fourth session follows
on the third, the Council meets, in point of fact, three times a
year at intervals of four months.2

2. Extraordinary Sessions
{a) By wdiom are they summoned ?
Article I, paragraph 2, of the Rules of Procedure provides that
“ the Council may at any time decide to meet in extraordinary
session ”.
Paragraph 3 provides that “ the Council must meet, at the
request of any Member of the League of Nations (if necessary,
in extraordinary session), in the circumstances referred to in
Articles 11, 15 and 17 of the Covenant ”.
(b) Dates of meetings.
1
Cf. Article 3, paragraph 2, concerning meetings of the Assembly, which reads:
“ 2. The Assembly shall meet at stated intervals and from time to time as occasion
may require at the seat of the League or at such other place as may be decided
upon.”
2
Originally, no fixed date was laid down for these meetings of the Council.
Certain fixed periods were, however, very soon established.
On April 31st, 1923, the Council decided to hold thenceforward four ordinary
sessions each year; in December, March, June and September—i.e., at intervals of
three months.
On September 6th, 1929, the Council adopted the present system, which is con-
firmed in the Rules of Procedure and which makes the interval between the sessions
of the Council one of four months, except in the case of the third and fourth sessions,
held during the Assembly.
 — 55 —

Paragraph 4 of Article I reads:

“ If not fixed by the Council, the date of the opening of an
extraordinary session shall be fixed by the President, if possible
after consultation with his colleagues.”

1
3. Change of Date

Paragraph 5 of Article I of the Rules of Procedure reads:

“ The President of the Council, after consulting his colleagues
and with the consent of the majority, may, when necessary,
advance or retard the date of the opening of a session of the Council.
The President may not, however, without the consent of all his
colleagues, advance or retard by more than seven days the opening
of an ordinary session.”
The Council laid down detailed rules for the application of these
provisions in a resolution which it adopted on January nth, 1935,
as follows:
“ (a) Except in cases of real emergency, the President of the
Council should not propose a change in the date fixed for a session
of the Council if the session is already due to commence in five days.
“ (&) In the communication by which he consults his colleagues
as to a change in the date of a session of the Council, the President
should, if possible, state the new date proposed for the opening
of the session or, if this is not possible, should indicate the earliest
date at which the Council will be convened.
" (c) Except in cases of real emergency, the President of the
Council should give his colleagues at least twelve days’ notice
of the date which he proposes to substitute for the date originally
fixed for a session of the Council.”

4. Despatch of Summons1

Paragraph 6 of Article I of the Rules of Procedure reads:

“ The Secretary-General shall give notice to the Members of
the Council of the date at which a session is to begin, unless the
1
This section applies both to ordinary and to extraordinary sessions.
 - 56 -
session is to be held at a date provided by the present Rules or
fixed by the Council.”

5. Place of Meeting of the Council

Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Covenant reads:

“ 3. The Council shall meet ... at the seat of the League,
or at such other place as may be decided upon.”
Article II of the Council’s Rules of Procedure reads:
“ The sessions of the Council shall be held at the seat of the
League of Nations, except in cases where the majority of the
Members of the Council consider that the Council should meet
elsewhere.”
In point of fact, the Council’s sessions have generally been held
at Geneva. Of the one hundred sessions, twenty-two have been
held at places other than Geneva, and occurred more particularly
in the early years of the League.1

WHO ATTEND MEETINGS OF THE COUNCIL ?

1. Permanent and Non-Permanent Members of the Council

These Members naturally attend all meetings of the Council.

2. Other Members of the League of Nations

Members of the League of Nations who are not Members of the

Council may be called upon to sit as Members of the Council.
Two cases must be distinguished:
(a) The case covered by Article 4, paragraph 5, of the Covenant.
This article reads:
” Any Member of the League not represented on the Council
shall be invited to send a representative to sit as a Member at any
1
See Annex x.
 57 —

meeting of the Council during the consideration of matters specially

affecting the interests of that Member of the League.”
In such a case, an invitation must be sent to the State concerned,
and the latter will sit with the Council and, in principle, enjoy the
same rights as a Member of the Council—that is to say, the
representative in question will take part in the discussion and in
the voting.
The Council has, on several occasions, had to consider the nature
of the interest which would justify the despatch of the invitation
provided for in Article 4, paragraph 5. The practice followed is
somewhat complex. It would appear, however, to be established
that the mere fact that a State takes a particular interest in any
question is not what should be taken into consideration, but rather
the fact that, from an objective standpoint, the matter is one that
particularly concerns it.
A State which is not a Member of the Council but to which
a question is of particular interest may take part in the work
of the Council both when the inclusion of the question in the agenda
is being discussed 1 and when the Council is dealing with the question
after it has been placed on the agenda.

(b) The case of a special Convention.

Some Conventions provide for the participation in the Council’s
work of a State that is not a Member of the Council.
The Opium Convention signed at Geneva on February 19th, 1925,
provides that the Members of the Permanent Central Opium Board
shall be appointed by the Council and that the United States of
America and Germany shall be invited each to nominate one person
to participate in these appointments.2

1 “ At the private meeting at which it adopts the agenda, whether of the session
or of the meeting, the Council sits in its ordinary composition. Nevertheless, if
the representative of a Member of the League entitled to send a representative
to the Council for the discussion of the substance of an item asks permission to
present any observations to the Council in regard to the inclusion of that item on
the agenda, that representative is invited to the Council table. Similarly, if any
discussion in regard to the inclusion of the item otherwise arises, the representative
of such Member of the League, if present in the room, is invited to the Council
table.” (Document C.395.1937, September 21st, 1937.)
2
Article 19 of the Convention of February 19th, 1925.
 - 58 -

I he point has been raised whether, in such a case, it is by the

Council that the election is made or by a special electoral body
with the Council as its chief component.
(c) Case of a decision by the Assembly.
The Assembly, by a resolution dated October 3rd, 1936, decided
to admit Germany, Brazil and Japan to sit in the Council at any
election of members of the Court that may take place before
January 1st, 1940.
(d) Invitation addressed by the Council to a State.
Apart from the cases mentioned above, the Council may, if it
thinks it expedient to do so, invite a State that is not a Member
of the Council or even of the League of Nations to sit at the Council
table. But in such cases, of course, the State invited 1 does not
take part in the voting.

3. Rules concerning Representation on the Council

(a) Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Covenant reads:

“ At meetings of the Council, each Member of the League
represented on the Council shall have one vote and may not have
more than one representative.”
(b) Votes cast by Representatives of Members of the League
in the Council.
The Assembly report of December 7th, 1920, in discussing
“ whether a member of the Council, in rendering his decisions on
the Council, represented the Member of the League which appointed
him or acted in an independent capacity ”, says:

“ Representatives on the Council and the Assembly are respon-

sible to their own Governments and to those Governments alone.
The Assembly has no right to interfere with the choice which a
Member of the League may make of persons to represent it, nor
to prevent a Representative from saying what he pleases; but it
1
An invitation of this kind was, in virtue of Article 11, addressed by the Council
to the United States, on October 15th, 1931, in connection with the Sino-Japanese
conflict.
 _ 59 —

is essential that it should be thoroughly understood that, when a

Representative votes, the vote is that of the Member which he
represents, whether the vote be cast in the Council or the Assembly.

THE QUORUM

Article VIII of the Rules of Procedure reads:

“ The Council shall not discuss or decide upon any matter unless
the majority of its Members are present.”

THE PRESIDENT

i. Ordinary Sessions

Article IV of the Rules of Procedure reads:

“ i. The representatives on the Council shall preside over its
sessions in rotation in the alphabetical order in hrench of the names
of the countries which they represent.
"2. A President shall, in principle, enter into office at the
beginning of an ordinary session and remain in office until the
opening of the next ordinary session.”
Previously, the practice was that the two autumn sessions of the
Council were presided over by the same President. In order to
ensure effective rotation, the Council decided, on September 29th,
1937, to discontinue this practice and to have each of the four regular
sessions of the Council presided over by a new President.1

2. Extraordinary Sessions

Article IV (paragraph 3) reads:

“ 3. Extraordinary sessions shall be presided over by the
President for the time being in office.”

1
Document C.395.1937. — Annex 6.
 — 6o

3- Replacement of the President

{a) During a session.

Article IV (paragraph 4) reads:
4- If the representative who should act as President considers
that he should decline to do so during a particular session, or
during the consideration of a particular matter, the Council shall
arrange for another member to act as President.”
Such a case has arisen on several occasions, and the practice
has been that the President last in office takes the place of the
President in office.1
[b] During intervals between sessions.
Article V reads:
“ Where, during the interval between sessions of the Council,
the Secretary-General, for the purposes of application of the
provisions of the present Rules or for any other purpose, has
occasion to apply to the President of the Council and the President
is prevented from acting, the Secretary-General shall apply to the
last President, if the country which he represents continues to
belong to the Council. If the last President is unable to act, the
Secretary-General shall apply, subject to the same condition,
to his predecessor, and, thereafter, in accordance with the same
system, to earlier Presidents of the Council.”

4. Case in which the President of the Council ceases to

REPRESENT HIS COUNTRY ON THE COUNCIL

Article VI reads:
1. If the person who is President ceases to represent his
country on the Council, he shall be replaced by the new
representative.
2. In like manner, if a former President has ceased to repre-
sent his country on the Council, the new representative shall act
m his
Place for the purposes of Article V of the present Rules.”

\ Thls Practice follows the principle embodied in Article V of the Rules of Pro-
cedure.
 — 6i —

This provision is intended to indicate that the Presidency of the

Council is not a personal office and that when the occupant of this
office ceases to represent his country, he vacates the Presidency.
He is then succeeded by the new representative of the country
in question.

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FURNISHED TO THE COUNCIL

Article XIII of the Rules of Procedure says:

“ The chairmen and members of Committees, experts and officials
of the League may be admitted to give information or assistance
at meetings of the Council.”
On September 29th, 1937, the Council took the following
decision:
“ It is generally unnecessary for the chairmen or other represent-
atives of League Committees to come to the Council table for the
discussion of their Committees’ reports. Nevertheless, it is open
to the Rapporteur for the particular question on the agenda to ask
the Secretary-General to arrange for the representation of the
Committee, should special circumstances appear to the Rapporteur
to warrant such action.” 1

AGENDA

1. Provisional Agenda

Article III of the Rules of Procedure reads:

“ 1. A provisional agenda shall be drawn up by the Secretary-
General and approved by the President of the Council. It shall
in all cases include any questions which a Member of the League
has asked the Council to consider.

“ 2. The provisional agenda shall be sent to the Members of

the Council not less than three weeks before the opening of the
1
Document C.395.1937.
 — 62 —

session, except in the case of the fourth ordinary session of the

year or of a session the date of which is such as to make it impossible
to maintain this interval.
“ 3. Any subsequent modification of the provisional agenda
shall be communicated to the Members of the Council.”

2. Final Agenda

Paragraph 6 of Article III of the Rules of Procedure reads:

“ At the opening of the session, the Council shall adopt its
agenda at a private meeting.”
Can the final adoption of the agenda be regarded as a simple
question of procedure ? Does it not raise the general question
of the League’s competence ?
If the Council is not unanimous in placing or not placing an item
on its agenda, the question may arise under what conditions a vote
should be taken. The solution of the problem must be sought
by reference to Article 5.1
The Council has, in point of fact, never settled the question
expressly.2

3. Inclusion of Questions during the Session

(a) Ordinary sessions.

Paragraph 7 of Article III of the Rules of Procedure reads:
“ The Council may, by a majority, add during a meeting new
questions to its agenda. In such case, unless the Council otherwise
unanimously decides, such questions shall not be discussed before
the next meeting.”
1
When examining this question, several cases may have to be considered: (1)
It is contended that the question does not come within the competence of the League
of Nations; (2) the competence of the League is not disputed, but the expediency
of placing the matter on the agenda is contested; (3) the request for inclusion in the
agenda has been made with or without reference to a special procedure for which
provision is made in some article of the Covenant (e.g., Article 11, Article 15);
(4) the only point for discussion is whether the matter shall be placed on the agenda
of 2the current session.
The question was raised and discussed at the fifty-first session of the Council,
in connection with the question of the “ Hungarian optants ” (see Minutes of the
meetings of August 30th and September 1st, 1928: morning and evening). Agree-
ment was reached without a vote being necessary.
 — 63 —

(b) Extraordinary sessions.

The Council resolution of June ist, 1934, reads:
“ In the case of an extraordinary session, the provisional agenda
circulated to the Members of the Council shall contain only the
item for which the extraordinary session was originally called;
but, at the beginning of the session, when the Council adopts its
agenda, the Secretary-General shall communicate to it a list of the
other most urgent questions. The purpose of this list would be to
enable the Members of the Council to exercise the right accorded
to them under Rule III, paragraph 7> the Rules of Procedure
of the Council, to ask for the inclusion of an item in the agenda
of the session.”

4. Adjournment of Questions

Questions placed on the final agenda may be adjourned during the

session at the Rapporteur’s request. Such is the practice.

5. Removal from the Agenda

The fact of the removal of a question from the Council’s agenda

signifies that the Council decides to deal no more with a question
in regard to which it thinks fit to propose no solution.
The Council, by a majority, withdrew from its agenda two
questions referred to it under Article n and considered by it
—namely, that of the Finnish ships (May 23rd, 1935) and that
of the war damage sustained by Switzerland (September 13th, 1935)-

MEETINGS IN PUBLIC

1. Principle that Meetings are held in public

Article VII of the Rules of Procedure reads:

“ Subject to the provisions of Article III, paragraph 6, and
Article X of the present Rules, the meetings of the Council shall,
unless the Council otherwise decides, be held in public.”
 — 64

It is clear from this provision that the principle is that meetings

are to be held in public.

2. Cases in which Meetings are not held in public

In several cases, the principle that meetings are to be held in

public does not apply.
In the first place, meetings are not held in public in certain cases
for which provision is made in the Rules of Procedure.
{a) Adoption of the agenda (Article III, paragraph 6).
The Rules of Procedure provide merely that the Council shall
adopt the agenda of the session at a private meeting. But the
Council also meets in private to adopt the agenda of each meeting.1
(6) Decisions concerning persons.
Article X says:
All decisions concerning persons shall be taken at a private
meeting.”
In the second place, the Council may, whenever it thinks it
expedient, decide that its meeting shall not be held in public
(Article VII, quoted above).

3. Private Meetings and Secret Meetings

Meetings which the Council does not hold in public are either
private meetings or secret meetings.
{a) Private meetings.
The public and the Press are not admitted. Further, Members
of the Council may be accompanied only by a small number of
collaborators, and the number of Secretariat officials admitted
to the meeting is limited.2
The representatives of Members of the League not represented
on the Council may attend private meetings.2

1 Document C.395.1937, paragraph 3 (see Annex 6).

2
Document C.395.1937.
 - 65 -

At private meetings, Minutes are taken. Unless the Council

decides otherwise (Article XI, paragraph 4), these Minutes are
subsequently published.
(b) Secret meetings.
The Council sometimes holds secret meetings. 1 At these meetings,
the Members of the Council may, in principle, be accompanied
only by one assistant, and the number of persons accompanying
the Secretary-General is reduced to the strict minimum.
Except in so far as the issue of information is authorised by the
Council itself, no person present at a secret meeting of the Council
has the right to divulge what has happened at the meeting.
Where circumstances permit, a communique is issued at the end
of a secret meeting. This communique is normally prepared by
the President and the Secretary-General.2
Document C.395.1937 further states:
“ As regards information of a confidential nature, of importance
to permanent delegates or other representatives of the Members
of the League duly authorised by their respective Governments
to follow the Council’s proceedings, the latter might empower the
President or the Secretary-General to furnish such information,
with due regard both for the interests of the League and for the
legitimate desire of these representatives to be kept duly informed
of the general course of the Council’s proceedings.”

THE DIFFERENT STAGES IN THE PROCEDURE

A question has been placed on the agenda of the Council. How

is it dealt with ?
The procedure is, in general, as follows: (1) There is a discussion
in the Council. (2) The Council usually desires that, before it takes
a decision, there should be an examination of the matter. It
therefore appoints one or more rapporteurs. (3) The rapporteur
submits his report at a subsequent meeting during the same session

1
The Rules of Procedure do not mention secret meetings. Ihey refer only to
private
2
meetings.
Document C.395.1937.
 — 66 —

or the following session. (4) The Council, having the report before it,
again discusses the question and takes a decision.
One of the articles of the Covenant—Article 15—provides for a
special procedure. Though this does not differ fundamentally
from the procedure outlined above, it is nevertheless characterised
by certain special features.
The different stages in the procedure usually observed may be
briefly outlined as follows.

1. General Discussion

(a) When does it take place ?

The general discussion may take place before the appointment
of the rapporteur and after the submission of the report.
When the Council has before it a report by a technical Committee
it may, however, begin by hearing the report submitted by the
rapporteur whom it had previously appointed. In that case, there is
no general discussion previous to the submission of the report
by the rapporteur.
On the other hand, the Council, when it has a report before it,
may adopt it without any of its Members speaking.
There may thus have been two general discussions or one only,
or there may even have been no general discussion at all.
(b) Order of speaking.
It is the President who calls on Members of the Council to
speak.
Normally, Members speak in the order in which they have asked
the President for permission to do so.
In the case of a dispute or a proposal submitted by a Member
of the Council, however, the custom is that the parties concerned
should be called on to speak first.
The rapporteur may intervene in the discussion at any time.

2. Reports
(a) Permanent rapporteurs and special rapporteurs.
There are two kinds of rapporteurs—permanent rapporteurs and
special rapporteurs.
 — 67 —

Permanent rapporteurs are appointed each year by the Council1

for certain categories of questions with which the Council is
habitually called upon to deal.2
Special rapporteurs are appointed by the Council when it deems
this to be expedient for the study of matters which may be brought
before it and for which there is no permanent rapporteur.
{b) Number of rapporteurs.
The Council calls on one or more rapporteurs. Usually, however,
when several persons (generally three) are called on, only one of
them acts as rapporteur and it is the duty of the other two to assist
him in his task.
(c) How are the rapporteurs appointed ?
Paragraph 5 of Article III of the Rules of Procedure reads:
“ Where rapporteurs have not been appointed by the Council,
they shall be appointed by the President.”
(d) A special committee may be set up for the stud}/ of a
question.
The Council may decide, particularly when dealing with an
important dispute or a question of an organic or constitutional
character, to appoint, for the examination of the question, instead
of a rapporteur—even though he might be assisted by other Mem-
bers of the Council—a committee consisting of several, though not
always the same number, of members.3
(e) Contents of the report.
In general, the rapporteur supplies the Council with the necessary
information and proposes a solution.

1
Article III (paragraph 4) of the Rules of Procedure.
2
The Council adopted the following list of rapporteurs for the year 1937/38 :
Standing Questions.
Budgetary and Administrative: China; Danzig: United Kingdom; Disarmament:
Iran; Economic: Poland; Financial: Sweden; Health: New Zealand; Intellectual
Co-operation: France; Legal: Italy; Mandates: Roumania; Opium: Latvia;
Refugees: Bolivia; Slavery: United Kingdom; Social: Peru; Transit: Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics.
Special Questions.
Constitution, Procedure and Practice of League Committees: France; Question
of Alexandretta: Sweden.
3
Italo-Ethiopian conflict, 1935. Committee of six members.
 — 68

The report furnishes the Council with the necessary information

by tracing the history of the problem and setting forth and
discussing the various facts involved.
From a formal standpoint, the report often falls into two
parts—namely, the rapporteur’s statement and a draft resolution
for the Council to adopt. It happens fairly frequently, however,
that the resolutions submitted by the rapporteur are embodied,
wholly or in part, in a statement—more particularly in the conclu-
sions of that statement—which precedes the draft resolution,
when there is one.
(/) Communication of reports and documents to the Council.

Paragraph 2 of Article VII says:

“ Unless they have been previously circulated, the reports
of rapporteurs and the documents to which they relate shall, so far
as possible, be sent to the Members of the Council not less than
forty-eight hours before the opening of the meeting at which they
are discussed. Where this has been done, the report will not be
read, unless the rapporteur desires or another Member of the
Council asks that it shall be read; the rapporteurs may alwavs give
such explanations in regard to their reports as they consider
desirable. The text of resolutions proposed in the reports shall be
read in all cases.”

I he Council took the following decision on September 29th,

1937-
In order to avoid to some extent the inconvenience resulting
from Members of the Council being asked to discuss reports of
technical committees distributed during or immediately before the
Council session, it is recommended that the following practice be
observed:
“ When the report of a standing technical Committee has not
been distributed to the Council at least one week before the date
fixed for the opening of the session, the relevant question shall
be excluded from the revised agenda which is distributed by the
Secretariat just before the session. Members of the Council shall
nevertheless retain their right, under Article III, paragraph 7,
of the Rules of Procedure, to propose to the Council that the
 — 69 —

discussion of a particular report should be added to the agenda

in the course of the session.” 1

VOTING

i. Unanimity and Majority

(a) The principle embodied in Article 5 of the Covenant and

reproduced in paragraph 1 of Article IX of the Rules of Procedure
of the Council is that decisions of the Council must be unanimous.
(b) Cases in which a majority is sufficient.
There are two classes of exceptions to the unanimity rule:
In the first place, the Covenant itself, or some other instrument
that is to be applied, may provide that the decision shall be taken
by a majority vote (Covenant, Article 5, paragraph 1, and Rules
of Procedure, Article IX, paragraph 1).
In the second place, matters of procedure may be decided by a
simple majority vote (Covenant, Article 5, paragraph 2, and Rules
of Procedure, Article IX, paragraph 2).
The question whether any particular point relates only to
procedure or involves the substance of a matter is sometimes a
delicate one.
(c) Votes of the parties. Inclusion of the votes of the parties
in determining unanimity.
Should the votes of the parties be counted in determining
unanimity in the case of disputes submitted to the Council ?
In the case of Article 15, paragraph 6, of the Covenant (and
in that of Article 16, paragraph 4), the votes of the parties are
expressly excluded in determining unanimity.
In the case of other articles of the Covenant,2 in the absence
of any provision of this kind, there is a certain division of opinion
as to whether the votes of the parties should or should not be
counted.

1
2
Document C.395.1937. See Annex 6.
Articles 10, n, 13 (paragraph 4), 16 (paragraph 2), 19.
 70 —
(d) Abstentions.
Paragraph 3 of Article IX of the Rules of Procedure says:
In counting the votes, abstentions from voting shall
be disregarded.”

2. How ARE THE VOTES TAKEN ?

(«) Vote by roll-call.

Paragraph 3 of Article IX says:

“ • • • each member of the Council shall be called upon

sepaiately to vote, if a Member of the Council so requires.”
On September 29th, 1937, the Council decided:
It is recommended that the following procedure, which corres-
ponds to the practice generally adopted hitherto, should be followed,
unless the Council, in a given case, should decide otherwise:
When a vote by roll-call is required under Article IX, paragraph 3,
of the Rules of Procedure, it shall be taken in French alphabetical
order of the Members of the League represented at the meeting,
the President voting last. In cases in which the vote concerns
a dispute, the representatives of the parties to the dispute shall
vote after the other members of the Council and the President.
The vote of the parties shall also be taken in French alphabetical
order.”
(b) Current practice.
Usually, there is not a vote by roll-call. In actual fact, the
President asks the Members of the Council whether they have any
observations to make regarding a proposal. If there are no obser-
vations, the President declares the proposal adopted, the absence of
objections being taken to signify the tacit agreement of the Members
of the Council.
(c) Secret ballot.
A secret ballot is obligatory if demanded by any Member of the
Council in the case of votes concerning persons. (See Article X
of the Rules of Procedure of the Council.)
In point of fact, a secret vote is very rarely asked for.
 — 7i —

3. What is put to the Vote ?

(a) Resolution.
The Council in most cases adopts a resolution. The scope of such
a resolution varies greatly. It may be a formal decision of the
Council in regard to a question which the Council has power to
settle (the constitution of a committee, the adoption of a plan
of work, etc.).
It may be a recommendation or the expression of a wish addressed
to Members of the League of Nations. In the case of Articles 15
and 16 (paragraph 2) of the Covenant, the Council’s decision may
be itself in the nature of a recommendation.
In the case of Article 11, the resolution may be in the nature of a
finding of facts or of a record of an agreement reached in the
Council or of recommendations.1
(b) Report submitted to the Council.
The Council may merely adopt the conclusions of a report.
In cases where the Council adopts a resolution, the latter may
be explained or even supplemented by passages in the report
itself.
The Council has on occasion approved a report as a whole, but
of recent years it has not usually followed this practice. In point
of fact, reports are sometimes somewhat long and complicated
documents, containing various considerations which the Members
of the Council have not been able to consider in detail and in regard
to which their opinions may differ. The Council’s agreement thus
relates merely to the draft resolution which follows the report
or to the conclusions of the report, and the statements appearing
in the report as a whole normally involve only the responsibility
of the rapporteur himself.
(c) Removal from the agenda.
The Council may, in certain cases, conclude the examination
of a question without proposing any solution. It may, if it
follows this course, decide to remove the question from its
agenda.2
1 The Council’s resolution may, in certain cases, contain several of these elements.
2
This does not refer to reports submitted by Committees.
 — 72

There are cases in which the Council may have to make

recommendations.1

MINUTES

i. Keeping of Minutes

Paragraph i of Article XI of the Rules of Procedure reads:

“ I- The Minutes of the meetings of the Council shall be kept
by the Secretariat . . . ”

2. Corrections of Minutes

Paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article XI of the Rules of Procedure read:

“ 2- The Minutes of each meeting of the Council shall be sent
as soon as possible to the Members of the Council, who shall, within
forty-eight hours, inform the Secretariat of any corrections which
they may desire to have made in their own speeches.
“ 3. Where the Minutes were sent to the Members of the Council
less than forty-eight hours before the close of the session, they
shall be considered as approved if no corrections have been asked
for within ten days.”

3. Publicity of Minutes

(a) Publicity rule.

Paragraph 1 of Article XI of the Rules of Procedure reads:
“ 1. The Minutes of the meetings of the Council . . . shall
be published.”
The following is the method: the final revised Minutes are issued
as a separate document and afterwards published in the League’s
Official Journal.2
1 Article 15.
2
The documents relating to questions dealt with are distributed to members
of the Council and, if the meeting be public, to the Press, and are also published
in the League’s Official Journal as an annex to the relevant minutes.
 — 73 —

Before the Minutes appear, a certain publicity is given to the

Council debates by the Information Section, which issues a summary
in a communique. Shortly after, a verbatim record of the public
meetings is published.
{b) Exceptions to the publicity rule.
Paragraph 4 of Article XI reads:
“The Council may decide not to have published Minutes.”
In such a case, however, it is provided that a summary record
shall be made in a single copy which Members of the Council who
took part in the meeting may consult in the Secretariat.1

THE COUNCIL WHEN NOT IN SESSION

When not in session, the Council may be called upon to perform

certain duties either directly or through its President.

1. The Council itself

Paragraph 1 of Article XII of the Rules of Procedure reads:

“When the Council is not in session, its Members may be
consulted by correspondence by the Secretary-General, on instruc-
tions from the President, and may by this means adopt such
measures of an administrative character as appear on grounds of
urgency to be strictly necessary before the Council again
meets.”
These measures of an administrative character have, in point of
fact, related more particularly to the appointment of members of
Committees.

1
Paragraph 4 of Article XI reads: “ 4. A summary record in a single copy shall
alone be made. Such record shall be kept in the Secretariat of the League of Nations,
where the representatives of Governments which took part in the meeting may have
corrections made in their own speeches within a period of ten days. On the
expiration of this period, the record shall be considered as approved and shall be
signed by the Secretary-General. Representatives of the said Governments shall
at all times have the right to consult the record at the Secretariat.”
 — 74 —

1
2. The President of the Council

[a) Paragraph 2 of Article XII of the Rules of Procedure reads:

" Subject to confirmation by the Council at its next session, the
President of the Council, at the request of the Secretary-General,
may, in the interval between sessions, take financial measures of an
urgent character which fall within the competence of the Council,
such as the approval of transfers, charging of expenditure to the
Council’s vote for unforeseen expenditure, and advances from the
Working Capital Fund.”
(b) Apart from this particular case, in the interval between
sessions, Presidents of the Council have, in practice, on several
occasions, addressed the parties to a dispute in their capacity as
President.2

AMENDMENT OF THE RULES OF PROCEDURE AND

DEPARTURES THEREFROM

1. Amendment

Paragraph i of Article XIV of the Rules of Procedure reads:

“ i. Subject to the provisions of the Covenant, the present
Rules may be amended by a three-fourths majority, subject to the
proposal for amendment of the Rules having been first placed on
the agenda.”

2. Departures from the Rules of Procedure

Paragraph 2 of Article XIV reads:

“ 2. Subject to the same restriction, a departure from the
provisions of the present Rules may be sanctioned, by the same
majority, without its being necessary for a proposal to that effect
to be first placed on the agenda.”

- 1 It is recalled that in the interval between sessions, the President in office of the
Council
2
is the President of the Council who presided over the last session.
See in particular Official Journal of the League of Nations, September 1932,
page 1576-VI.
ANNEXES
 — 76 —

Annex 1

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF COUNCIL SESSIONS

Number
of President
meetings
1920
1. Paris Jan.16 M. Leon Bourgeois (France)
2. London Feb. 11 and 12 Rt. Hon. Arthur James Balfour
(United Kingdom)
3. Paris Mar. 12 and 13 M. Leon Bourgeois (France)
4- Apl. 9-11 M. Leon Bourgeois (France)
5. Rome May 14-19 M. Tommaso Tittoni (Italy)
6. London June 14-16 Lord Curzon of Kedleston
(United Kingdom)
July 9-11 Rt. Hon. Arthur James Balfour
(United Kingdom)
8. San Sebastian July 30-Aug. 5 10 M. Jose Quinones de Leon (Spain)
9. Paris Sept. 16-20 7 M. Leon Bourgeois (France)
10. Brussels Oct. 20-28 12 M. Paul Hymans (Belgium)
11. Geneva Nov. 14-Dec. 18 15 M. Paul Hymans (Belgium)
1921
12. Paris Feb. 21-Mar. 4 18 M. Gastao da Cunha (Brazil)
13. Geneva June 17-28 21 Viscount Kikujiro Ishii (Japan)
14- Aug. 30-Oct. 12 14 M. Wellington Koo (China)
15. Paris Nov. 16-19 6 M. Paul Hymans (Belgium)
1922
16. Geneva Jan. 10-14 13 M. Paul Hymans (Belgium)
17. Paris Mar. 24-28 6 M. Paul Hymans (Belgium)
18. Geneva May 11-17 12 M. Jose Quinones de Leon (Spain)
19. London July 17-24 13 M. Jose Quinones de Le6n (Spain)
20. Geneva Aug. 31 and Oct. 4 2 M. Jose Quinones de Le6n (Spain)
21. „ Aug. 31-Oct. 4 19 M. Domicio da Gama (Brazil)
22. Aug. 31-Oct. 4 8 M. Domicio da Gama (Brazil)
1923
23. Paris Jan. 29-Feb. 3 14 M. Rene Viviani (France)
24. Geneva Apl. 17-23 14 Rt. Hon. Edward Wood (United
Kingdom)
25- July 2-7 13 M. Antonio Salandra (Italy)
26. ,, Aug. 31-Sept. 29 24 Viscount Kikujiro Ishii (Japan)
27. Paris Dec. 10-20 12 M. Hjalmar Branting (Sweden)
1924
28. Geneva Mar. 10-15 11 M. Alberto Guani (Uruguay)
29. June 11-17 7 M. Eduard Benes (Czechoslovakia)
30- Aug. 29-Oct. 3 20 M. Paul Hymans (Belgium)
31. Brussels Oct. 27-31 4 M. Paul Hymans (Belgium)
32. Rome Dec. 8-13 11 M. Afranio de Mello-Franco (Brazil)
 — 77 —

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF COUNCIL SESSIONS {continued)

Number
of President
meetings
1925
33. Geneva Mar. 9-14 12 Rt. Hon. Sir Austen Chamberlain
(United Kingdom)
34- June 8-11 8 M. Jose Quinones de Leon (Spain)
35- Sept. 2-28 17 M. Paul Painleve (France)
36. Paris Oct. 26-30 5 M. Aristide Briand (France)
37. Geneva Dec. 7-16 15 M. Vittorio Scialoja (Italy)
1926
38. Geneva Feb.12 1 M. Carlo Garbasso (Italy)
39- Mar. 8-18 7 Viscount Kikujiro Ishii (Japan)
40. June 7-10 5 M. Alberto Guani (Uruguay)
41- Sept. 2-7 5 M. Eduard Benes (Czechoslovakia)
42- Sept. 16-20 3 M. Eduard Benes (Czechoslovakia)
43- Dec. 6-11 6 M. Emile Vandervelde (Belgium)
1927
44. Geneva Mar. 7-12 8 Dr. Gustav Stresemann (Germany)
45- June 13-17 6 Rt. Hon. Sir Austen Chamberlain
(United Kingdom)
46. Sept. 1-15 7 M. Enrique Villegas (Chile)
47- Sept. 17-28 8 M. Enrique Villegas (Chile)
48. „ Dec. 5-12 8 M. Tcheng-Loh (China)
1928
49. Geneva Mar. 5-10 10 M. Francisco Jose Urrutia (Colombia)
5°- June 4-9 9 M. Aristides de Aguero y Bethan-
court (Cuba)
5i- Aug. 30-Sept. 8 7 M. H. J. Procop£ (Finland)
52. Sept. 12-26 6 M. H. J. Procope (Finland)
53. Lugano Dec. 10-15 7 M. Aristide Briand (France)
1929
54. Geneva Mar. 4-9 7 M. Vittorio Scialoja (Italy)
55. Madrid June 10-15 5 M. Mineitciro Adatci (Japan)
56. Geneva Aug. 30-Sept. 6 3 H.H. Ali Khan Foroughi (Persia)
57- Sept. 13-25 3 H.H. Ali Khan Foroughi (Persia)
1930
58. Geneva Jan. 13-16 7 M. Auguste Zaleski (Poland)
59 May 12-15 4 M VoislavMARiNKOViTCH (Yugoslavia)
60. ,, Sept. 8-12 3 M. Cesar Zumeta (Venezuela)
61. ,, Sept. 17-Oct. 3 8 M. Cesar Zumeta (Venezuela)
1931
62. Geneva Jan. 19-24 9 Rt. Hon. Arthur Henderson (United
Kingdom)
63- May 18-23 6 M. Julius Curtius (Germany)
64. Sept. 1-14 4 M. Alejandro Lerroux (Spain)
Sept. 19-30 1M. Alejandro Lerroux (Spain)
65- Oct. 13-24 M. Aristide Briand (France)
Paris Nov. 16-Dec. 10 M. Aristide Briand (France)
 78 -

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF COUNCIL SESSIONS (continued)

Number
of President
meetings
1932
66. Geneva Jan.25-Feb. 29 16 M. Joseph Paul-Boncour (France)
Apl. 12-15
67. May 9-July 15 10 M. Jose Matos (Guatemala)
68. Sept. 23-Oct. 3 4 M. Eamon de Valera (Irish Free State)
69- Oct. 3-Dec. 19 16 M. Eamon de Valera (Irish Free State)
1933
Geneva Jan. 24-Feb. 3 7 M. Pompeo Aloisi (Italy)
Feb. 21-Mar. 18 5 M. Pompeo Aloisi (Italy)
May 15-20 2 Count Piola Caselli (Italy)
May 22-June 6 7 M. F. Castillo Najera (Mexico)
July 3 2 M. F. Castillo Najera (Mexico)
Aug. 3 1 M. F. Castillo Najera (Mexico)
Sept. 22-29 4 M. Joh. Ludovic Mowinckel (Norway)
Oct. 4-26 5 M. Raul Amador (Panama)
1934
78. Geneva Jan. 15-20 5 M. Joseph Beck (Poland)
79- May 14-19 5 M. Augusto de Vasconcellos (Por-
tugal)
80. ,, May 30-June 7 6 M. Augusto de Vasconcellos (Por-
tugal)
81. Sept. 7-15 3 M. Eduard Benes (Czechoslovakia)
82. Sept. 19-28 5 M. Eduard Benes (Czechoslovakia)
Dec. 5-11 J M. Eduard Benes (Czechoslovakia)
83- 7 ] M. Augusto de Vasconcellos (Por-
tugal)
1935
84. Geneva Jan. 11-21 9 M. RiiSTU Aras (Turkey)
85- April 15-17 4 M. RusTti Aras (Turkey)
86. May 20-25 6 M. Maxime Litvinoff (U.S.S.R.)
87. July 31-Aug. 3 2 M. Maxime Litvinoff (U.S.S.R.)
88. Sept. 5-13 5 M. Ruiz Guinazlt (Argentine)
89. Sept. 17-Dec. 19 10 M. Ruiz Guinazu (Argentine)

90. Geneva Jan. 20-24 6 Rt. Hon. S. M. Bruce (Australia)

91
J London March 14-2 11 Rt. Hon. S. M. Bruce (Australia)
' I Geneva April 20
May n-13 Rt. Hon. Anthony Eden (United
92 June 25-Ju ^ Kingdom)
Sept. 18-26 J M. Manuel Rivas Vicuna (Chile)
93 4 ^ M. Luis V. df. Porto Seguro (Chile)
Oct. 2-10 I M. Manuel Rivas Vicuna (Chile)
94 4 | M. Luis V. de Porto Seguro (Chile)
95 Dec. 10-16 7 M. Agustin Edwards (Chile)
 — 79 —

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF COUNCIL SESSIONS (concluded)

Number
of President
meetings
1937
96. Geneva Jan. 21-27 5 M. V. K. Wellington Koo (China)
97- May 24-29 6 M. Antonio J. Quevedo (Ecuador)
98. Sept. 10-16 3 M. Juan Negrin (Spain)
Sept. 29-Oct. 5 I M. Yvon Delbos (France)
99- ^ | M. J. Paul-Boncour (France)
 — 8o —

Annex 2

STATES THAT HAVE SAT AS NON-PERMANENT MEMBERS

OF THE COUNCIL

Date of election Period of office

ct 2
Argentine . . . Oct. 2, 1933 °ct - 2>
1933-Sept. 28, 1936 3 years
Australia . . . Oct. 2, 1933 ° - < 1933-Sept. 28, 1936 3 years
Belgium .... In virtue of Ar-
ticle 4, § 1, of
the Covenant Jan. 10-Dec. 31, 1920 1 year
Dec. 15, 1920 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1921 1 year
Oct. 5, 1921 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1922 1 year
1
Sept. 30, 1922 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1923 1
year
Sept. 29, 1923 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1924 1
year
Oct. 2, 1924 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1925 year
Sept. 26, 1925 Jan. i-Sept. 16, 1926 8y2 months
Sept. 16, 1926 Sept. 16, 1926-Sept. 15, 1927 1 year
Sept. 28, 1937 Sept. 28, 1937-194° election 3 years
Bolivia .... Sept. 28, 1936 Sept. 28, 1936-1939 election 3 years
Brazil In virtue of Ar-
ticle 4, § i, of
the Covenant Jan. 10-Dec. 31, 1920 1 year
1
Dec. 15, 1920 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1921 year
Oct. 5, 1921 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1922 11 year
Sept. 30, 1922 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1923 year
1 ear
Sept. 29, 1923 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1924 y
1 ear
Oct. 2, 1924 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1925 y
Sept. 26, 1925 Jan. i-Sept. 16, 1926 8% months
ars
Canada .... Sept. 15, 1927 Sept. 15, 1927-Sept. 17, 193° 3 yeears
Chile Sept. 16, 1926 Sept. 16, 1926-Sept. 9, 1929 3 years
Sept. 17, 1934 Sept. 17, 1934-Sept. 20, 1937 3y
1 ear
China Dec. 15, 1920 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1921 y
Oct. 5, 1921 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1922 11 year
Sept. 30, 1922 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1923 year
Sept. 16, 1926 Sept. 16, 1926-Sept. 10, 1928 2 years
Sept. 14, 1931 Sept. 14, 1931-Sept. 17, 1934 3 years
Oct. 8, 1936 Oct. 8, 1936-1939 election 3 years
Colombia . . . Sept. 16, 1926 Sept. 16, 1926-Sept. 10, 1928 2 years
Czechoslovakia . Sept. 29, 1923 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1924
Oct. 2, 1924 Jan- i-Dec. 31, 1925 ^ year
Sept. 26, 1925 Jan. i-Sept. 16, 1926 8y months
1 2ear
Sept. 16, 1926 Sept. 16, 1926-Sept. 15, 1927 years
Oct. 3, 1932 Oct. 3, 1932-Sept. 16, 1935 3y
Denmark . . . Oct. 2, 1933 °ct- 2« 1933-Sept. 28 1936 3 years
Ecuador . . . Sept. 16, 1935 Sept. 16, i935-I938 election 3 years
Finland .... Sept. 15, 1927 Sept. 15, 1927-Sept. 17, 193° 3 years
Greece .... In virtue of Ar-
ticle 4, § 1, of
the Covenant Jan. 10-Dec. 31, 1920 1 year
Guatemala . . Sept. 17, 193° Sept. 17, i93°-°ct- 2- T933 3 years
 8i —

STATES THAT HAVE SAT AS NON-PERMANENT MEMBERS

OF THE COUNCIL (concluded)

Date of election Period of office

Iran Sept. io, 1928 Sept. IO, 1928-Sept. 14, 1931 years
Sept. 20, 1937 Sept. 20, 1937-1940 election years
Irish Free State Sept. 17, 1930 Sept. 17, 1930-Oct. 2, 1933 years
Latvia . . Oct. 8, 1936 Oct. 8, 1936-1939 election years
Mexico . . Oct. 3, 1932 Oct. 3, 1932-Sept. 16, 1935 years
Netherlands Sept. 16, 1926 Sept. 16, 1926-Sept. 10, 1928 years
New Zealand Sept. 28, 1936 Sept. 28, 1936-1939 election 3 years
Norway . . Sept. 17, 1930 Sept. 17, 1930-Oct. 2, 1933 3 years
Panama . . Sept. 14, 1931^ Sept. 14, 1931-Sept. 17, 1934 3 years
Peru . . . Sept. 9,1929 Sept. 9, 1929-Oct. 3, 1932 3 years
Sept. 20, 1937 Sept. 20, 1937-1940 election 3 years
Poland Sept. 16, 1926 Sept. 16, 1926-Sept. 9, 1929 3 years
.Sept. 9, 1929 Sept. 9, 1929-Oct. 3, 1932 3 years
Oct. 3, 1932 Oct. 3, 1932-Sept. 16, 1935 3 years
Sept. 16, 1935 Sept. 16, 1935-1938 election 3 years
Portugal Oct. 9, 1933 Oct. 9, 1933-Sept. 28, 1936 3 years
Roumania Sept. 16, 1926 Sept. 16, 1926-Sept. 9, 1929 3 years
Sept. 16, 1935 Sept. 16, 1935-1938 election 3 years
Salvador Sept. 16, 1926 Sept. 16, 1926-Sept. 15, 1927 1 year
Spain . . In virtue of Ar-
ticle 4, § 1, of
the Covenant Jan. 10-Dec. 31, 1920 1 year
Dec. 15, 1920 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1921 1 year
Oct. 5, 1921 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1922 1 year
Sept. 30,1922 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1923 1 year
Sept. 29, 1923 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1924 1 year
Oct. 2, 1924 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1925 1 year
Sept. 26,1925 Jan. i-Sept. 16, 1926 8 % months
Sept. 10, 1928 Sept. 10, 1928-Sept. 14, 1931 3 years
Sept. 14, 1931 Sept. 14, 1931-Sept. 17, 1934 3 years
Sept. 17, 1934 Sept. 17, 1934-Sept. 20, 1937 3 years
Sweden Sept. 30,1922 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1923 1 year
Sept. 29, 1923 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1924 1 year
Oct. 2, 1924 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1925 1 year
Sept. 26, 1925 Jan. i-Sept. 16, 1926 8 y2 months
Sept. 28, 1936 Sept. 28, 1936-1939 election 3 years
Turkey .... Sept. 17, 1934 Sept. 17, 1934-Sept. 20, 1937 3 years
Uruguay . . . Sept. 30, 1922 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1923 1 year
Sept. 29, 1923 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1924 1 year
Oct. 2, 1924 Jan. i-Dec. 31, 1925 1 year
Sept. 26, 1925 Jan. i-Sept. 16, 1926 8 y2 months
Venezuela . . . Sept. 10, 1928 Sept. 10, 1928-Sept. 14, 1931 3 years
Yugoslavia . . Sept. 9, 1929 Sept. 9, 1929-Oct. 3, 1932 3 years
 — 82

Annex 3
LIST OF THOSE WHO HAVE SAT ON THE COUNCIL,
1920-1937
The figures relate to the number of the Session

Allemagne — Germany
Le comte Bernstorff 56, 61, 65.
M. von Biilow 66/1, 66/2, 66/4.
Le Dr Curtins 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65.
M. Dieckhoff 91/1-ex. repres.
Le Dr Otto Goppert 47> 69/1, 69/2.
M. von Kamphovener 77/L 77/2-
ex 2
M. von Keller . 70, 71/1, 71/2, 72, 73/1, 73/2, 74/* -> 74/ ex., 76/1,
76/2, 77/1, 77/2.
M. Krauel 75 ex-
r
Le D Meyer 69/1, 69/2.
M. Hermann Muller 52-
Le baron von Neurath 68, 69/1, 69/2.
M. von Ribbentrop 91/1-ex: repres.
M. von Rosenberg 68, 69/1, 69/2.
Le Dr von Schubert . 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54- 55, 57, 58.
Le Dr Stresemann. . . 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 53, 54, 55, 56-
Le baron von Weizsacker 62, 66/1, 66/2, 66/3, 69/1, 69/2.
Le comte Welczeck 67.

Republique Argentine — Argentine Republic

M. J. M. Cantilo . . 78/1, 78/2, 79/1 ex., 79/2, 79/3, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex.,
81/1, 81/2, 82/1, 82/2, 83 ex., 84, 85 ex., 86.
M. Enrioue Ruiz-Guinazu 87 ex., 88, 89/1, 89/2, 90, 91/1 ex., 91/2 ex.,
92/1, 92/2, 93.
M. Carlos Saavedra Lamas 93-

Australie —- Australia
The Right Honourable S. M. Bruce 77/1, 77/2, 78/1, 78/2, 81/1, 81/2,
83 ex., 84, 85 ex., 86, 87 ex., 88, 89/1, 89/2, 90, 91/1 ex., 91/2 ex.,
92/1, 92/2, 93.
Mr. K. Officer. . 77/1, 77/2, 78/1, 78/2, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 84, 86, 93.
Mr. J. G. McLaren 79/1, 79/2> 79/3, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex.
Mr. F. L. McDougall 82/1, 82/2.
 - 83 -

Belgique — Belgium

M. Louis de Brouckere 42, 46.

M. de Cartier de Marchienne 91/1 ex.: repres.
M. Destree 5.
Le baron de Gaiffier d’Hestroy 4, 15-
M. Paul Hymans i, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 1921 ex., 14/1, 14/2, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35* 36, 37-
M. Joseph Melot 25, 28, 29, 33, 34, 39, 40.
Le baron Moncheur 6, 7.
M. Peltzer 38 ex.
Le vicomte Prosper Poullet 26.
M. Emile Vandervelde 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46.
M. van Zeeland 91/1 ex.: repres.

Bolivie — Bolivia
ex
M. Adolfo Costa du Reis 94* 95 -> 96, 97.

Bresil — Brazil
M. de Castello-Branco Clark 17, 18.
M. Clark 6.
M. Gastao da Cunha 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 1921 ex., 14/a,
14/6, 15, 16.
M. Domicio da Gama 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24.
M. Afranio de Mello-Franco . 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 ex.,
39* 40.
M. de Rio Branco 13, 25, 26.
M. de Souza Dantas 27, 28, 29.

Canada
The Honourable Dandurand . . 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
58, 59-
The Right Honourable W. Mackenzie King 51* 52.
The Right Honourable Robert Laird Borden 60.
The Honourable Philippe Roy 50.

Chili — Chile
M. Agustin Edwards 91/1 ex., 95 ex., 96, 97.
M. Fernando Garcia-Oldini . . 87 ex., 89/2, 90, 91/2 ex., 92/2, 96, 97.
M. Luis V. de Porto-Seguro 89/1, 93, 94.
 - 84 -

Chili (suite) — Chile (continued)

M. Manuel Rivas-Vicuna . .82/1, 82/2, 83 ex., 84, 85 ex., 86, 87 ex., 88,
89/1, 89/2, 92/1, 92/2, 93, 94.
M. Jorge Valdes-Mendeville 42> 54-
M. Enrique Villegas 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56.

Chine — China
Le Dr Wellington Koo . 12, 13, 1921 ex., 14/a, 14/&, 17, 69/1, 69/2,
70, 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex., 72 ex., 73/1, 73/2, 74/1 ex., 74/2 ex., 75 ex.,
76/1, 76/2, 77/1, 77/2, 78/1, 78/2, 79/1, 79/2, 79/3, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex.,
95 ex., 96, 97.
M. Tang Tsai Fou .... 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
M. Chao-Hsin Chu 42» 43. 44> 45
M. Ouang Ting Tchang 46, 47
M. Tcheng-Loh 4^, 49> 5°
M. Wang-King-Ky 51
M. Sao-Ke Alfred Sze 65
M. W. W. Yen 66/1, 66/2, 66/3, 66/4, 67, 68, 69/1, 69/2
M. Hoo Chi-Tsai 66/1, 66/2, 67, 70, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 97
M. Wunsz King 70, 72 ex., 73/1, 73/2
M. Quo Tai-chi 81/1, 81'2, 94
M. Liu Chieh 97

Colombie — Colombia
Le Dr Antonio J. Restrepo 51-
Le Dr Francisco J. Urrutia . . 42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51.

Cuba
M. de Agiiero y Bethancourt 47, 48, 50, 51, 52. 53, 54, 55, 56, 57> 58.
59, 60.
M. de Cespedes 49-
M. Orestes Ferrara 52-

Danemark — Denmark
M. William Borberg. . 77/1, 77/2, 78/1, 78/2, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 82/1,
82/2, 84, 86, 87 ex., 89/1, 89/2, 91/2 ex.
M. Peter Munch 79/1, 79/2, 79/3, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 81/1, 81/2, 82/1,
82/2, 83 ex., 84, 85 ex., 88, 89/1, 89/2, 90, 91/1 ex., 92/1, 92/2, 93.
M. Erik de Scavenius . 77/1. 77/2. 78/1. 7&l2> 81/1. 81/2, 82/1, 82/2,
83 ex., 84, 87 ex.
 -85-

Equateur — Ecuador

M. Alejandro Gastelu 93» 96.

Le Dr Antonio J. Quevedo 97.
M. Gonzalo Zaldumbide 89/1, 89/2, 90, 91/1 ex., 91/2 ex., 92/1, 92/2, 94.

Espagne — Spain

M. Teodomiro de Aguilar 86, 88

M. Julio Alvarez del Vayo 93, 95 ex., 96, 97
M. P. de Azcarate 95 ex., 96, 97
M. Augusto Barcia Trelles 91/1 ex., 92/2
M. Botella 94
M. Carlos Espla 29
M. le Marquis de Faura 6
M. Amadeo Hurtado 69/1, 69/2
M. Alejandro Lerroux 63, 64, 65
M. Julio Lopez Olivan 66/4, 67, 76/1, 76/2, 77/1, 77/2, 78/1, 78/2, 79/1,
79/2, 79/3, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 81/1, 81/2, 82/1,
82/2, 83 ex., 84, 87 ex., 88, 89/2.
M. Salvador de Madariaga . 66/1, 66/2, 66/3, 66/4, 67, 68, 69/1, 69/2,
71/1 ex., 71/2 ex., 72 ex., 73/1, 73/2, 75 ex., 76/1, 76/2, 77/1,77/2,
78/1, 78/2, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 81/1, 81/2, 82/1, 82/2, 83 ex., 84,
85 ex., 86, 88, 89/1, 89/2, 90, 91/1 ex., 91/2 ex., 92/1.
M. Angel Ossorio y Gallardo 94.
M. E. de Palacios 52.
M. Manuel Pedroso 69/1, 69/2, 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex., 72 ex., 74/1 ex., 74/2 ex.
M. Quer Boule 40.
M. Quinones de Leon 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10.
11, 12, 13, 1921 ex., 14/a, 14/&, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 ex., 39, 52,
53. 54. 55. 56, 57. 58, 59, 6°, 6l, 62-
M. de Reynoso 13, 16.
M. Fernando de los Rios 93.
M. Serrat 70.
M. Luis de Zulueta 66/1, 66/2, 69/1, 69/2, 70, 73/1, 73/2.

Finlande — Finland
M. Enckell .... 7:repres., 9.
M. Rafael Erich. . i 47.
M. Rudolf Holsti . 48, 50, 54, 57-
M. Hj. J. Procope 49, 5o, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 6o,
M. Vaino Voionmaa 47,48.
 — 86 —

France
M. Louis Barthou 79/1, 79/2, 79/3> 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 81/1, 81/2, 82/1,
82/2.
M. Basdevant 69/1, 69/2, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 84.
M. Henry Berenger 69/1, 69/2.
M. Leon Bourgeois 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1921 ex., 14/fl, 14/&,
15, 17, 18, 29, 30.
M. Aristide Briand. . 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 39. 4°. 41. 42, 43, 44,
45, 46, 47, 48,49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61,62, 63, 64, 65.
M. Clauzel 29, 30, 47, 75 ex., 76/1, 76/2.
M. Pierre Cot 7°, 71/1 ex-, ex
-
M. Corbin 91/1 ex-
M. Yvon Delbos 92/2, 93, 94, 96, 97-
M. Pierre-Etienne Flandin 64, 65, 91/1 extr.
M. A. de Fleuriau 6.
M. Frangois-Poncet 63.
2
M. Jean Gout 4-
M. Gabriel Hanotaux 13, 16, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.
M. Jean Hennessy 38 ex.
M. Maurice Herbette 31-
M. Edouard Herriot 89/1.
M. Henry de Jouvenel 29, 30.
M. Lagarde 9^-
M. Pierre Laval . . 83 ex., 84, 85 ex., 86, 87 ex., 88, 89/1, 89/2, 90.
M. Loucheur 35, 45, 4^, 48, 57-
M. A. Leger 9°-
M. Rene Massigli 52, 56, 63, 64, 65, 67, 69/1, 69/2, 70, 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex.,
72 ex., 73/1, 73/2, 74/1 ex., 74/2 ex., 76/1, 76/2, 77/1, 77/2,
78/1, 78/2, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 82/1, 82/2, 83 ex., 84, 85 ex., 86,
88, 89/1, 89/2, 90.
M. Paul-Boncour 34, 35, 37, 39, 4°, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50,
51, 52, 66/1, 66/2, 66/3, 66/4, 67, 68, 69/1, 69/2, 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex.,
73/1, 73/2, 76/1, 76/2, 77/1, 77/2, 78/1, 78/2, 91/1 ex., 91/2 ex.,
92/1, 93, 94-
M. Joseph Paganon 68, 69/1, 69/2
M. Paul Painleve 35
M. Georges Pernot 61
M. Maurice Petsche 65
M. Andre Tardieu 66/1, 66/2, 66/4
M. Pierre Vienot 93, 94, 95 ex-> 96, 97
I
M. Rene Viviani 9, 23

Grece — Greece
M. Demetrius Caclamanos . 2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11.
M. Coromilas 5-
 - 87 -

Grece (suite) — Greece (continued)

11
M. Panas
11
M. Politis
M. A. Romanos 3
M. Scassis 8
M. Eleftherios K. Venizelos i, 4

Guatemala — Guatemala

M. Jose Matos 6i, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66/1, 66/2, 66/4, 67, 68, 69/1, 69/2,
70, 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex., 72 ex., 73/1, 73/2, 74/1 ex., 74/2 ex., 76/1,
76/2.
Iran

S.E. Hussein Khan Ala . 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64.
S.A. le prince Firouz 6.
S.A. Mohammed Ali Khan Foroughi ... 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58.
S.E. Anouchirevan Khan Sepahbody 63.

ETAT LIBRE D’lRLANDE Irish Free State

Mr. Erneste Blythe 61.

Mr. Joseph Connolly. 69/1, 69/2.
Mr. T. Coyne 67, 75 ex.
Mr. J. J. Hearne 66/1, 66/2, 66/3.
Mr. Sean Lester . . 61, 62, 64, 65, 66/1, 66/2, 66/4, 67, 69/1, 69/2, 70,
71/1 ex., 71/2 ex., 72 ex., 73/1, 73/2, 74/1 ex., 74/2 ex., 76/1, 76/2.
Mr. MacGilligen 62, 63, 64, 65.
Mr. Sean O’Kelly 76/1. 76/2.
Mr. Eamon de Valera 68, 69/1, 69/2.

Italie — Italy

Le baron Pompeo Alois! ... 68, 69/1, 69/2, 70, 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex.,
73/1, 73/2, 76/1, 76/2, 77/1, 77/2, 78/1, 78/2, 79/1, 79/2, 79/3,
80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 81/1, 81/2, 82/1, 82/2, 83 ex., 84, 85 ex., 86,
87 ex., 88, 89/1, 90, 91/2 ex., 92/1.
I
M. Orsini Baroni 3. 31-
M. August© Biancheri . . 68, 69/1, 69/2, 73/1, 73/2, 74/1 ex., 74/2 ex.,
75 ex., 76/1, 76/2, 77/1, 77/2, 78/1, 78/2, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 82/1,
82/2, 84.
Le comte Bonin-Longare 4> I5> 27, 39, 52, 56.
 — 88 —

Italie (suite) — Italy (continued)

M. Renato Bova Scoppa 84.
M. G. Catalan! 6.
M. Maggiorino Ferraris 1,2,9.
M. Garbasso 24, 38 ex.
M. Dino Grand! ... 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66/1, 66/2, 66/3, 66/4,
91/1 ex.
Le marquis Imperial! ... 7, 12, 13, 1921 ex., 14/a, 14/6, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20, 21, 22.
Le marquis Medici del Vascello 26.
M. Tommaso Perassi 86.
M. Massimo Pilotti 66/1, 66/2, 69/1, 69/2.
Le comte Piola-Caselli 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex., 72 ex.
M. Guido Rocco 88, 89/1.
M. Augusto Rosso 63, 65, 66/1, 66/2, 66/3, 66/4, 67.
M. Salandra 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32.
M. Schanzer 11.
M. Vittorio Scialoja . 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46,
47. 48. 49. 50, 51. 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61, 64, 65, 67.
M. Tittoni 3, 5, 8, 10, 11.

Japon — Japan
M. Mineitciro Adatci. . . 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,
5i, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58-
M. Ariyoshi 38 ex.
Le vicomte Chinda 6.
Le vicomte Ishii ... 10, 11, 12, 13, 1921 ex., 14/a, 14/6, 15, 16, 17,
19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
39, 40, 4i, 42, 43, 44, 45-
M. Matsuda 35.
M. M.-K. Matsui 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9.
M. Yosuke Matsuoka 69/1, 69/2.
M. Matsuzo Nagai 7, 59-
M. Harakazu Nagaoka 66/4, 67, 68, 69/1, 69/2, 70.

M. Naotake Sato 47, 56, 65, 66/1, 66/2, 66/3.

M. Setsuzo Sawada 65, 67, 70.
M. Isaburo Yoshida 58.
M. Kenkichi Yoshizawa 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65.

Lettonie — Latvia
M. Jules Feldmans 95 ex., 96.
M. Andrejs Kampe 94.
M. Wilhelms Munters 94, 96, 97.
 — 89 —

Mexique —- Mexico
M. Vicente Estrada Cajigal 86.
M. Castillo Najera ... 72 ex., 73/1, 73/2, 74/1 ex., 74/2 ex., 75 ex.,
76/1, 76/2, 77/1, 77/2, 78/1, 78/2, 79/1, 79/2, 79/3, 80/1 ex.,
80/2 ex., 81/1, 81/2, 82/1, 82/2, 83 ex., 84.
M. Marte R. Gomez 85 ex., 86, 87 ex., 88.
M. Arturo Pani 70, 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex., 76/1, 76/2.
M. Manuel Tello 84.
M. Perez Verdia 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex.

Norvege — Norway
M. Rolf Andvord .... 67, 70, 73/1, 73/2.
M. Hersleb Birkeland . . .... 74/1 ex., 74/2 ex., 75 ex.
M. Birger Braadland . . ... 63, 64, 65, 66/4, 67, 68, 70.
M. Erik Colban .... 61, 62, 66/1, 66/2, 66/3.
M. Carl J. Hambro . . . 61, 68.
Le Dr Christian Lange 61, 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex., 72 ex., 73/1,
73/2, 74/1 ex., 74/2 ex.
M. Job. Ludwig Mowinckel . . 61, 62, 73/1, 73/2, 76/1, 76/2.

Nouvelle-Zelande — New Zealand

The Honourable Hubert T. Armstrong 97.
Mr. William Joseph Jordan 94, 95 ex., 96, 97.
The Honourable Walter Nash 96.

Panama
M. Raoul A. Amador .... 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex., 72 ex., 73/1, 73/2,
75 ex., 76/1, 76/2, 77/1, 77/2, 78/1, 78/2.
Le Dr Narciso Garay 65, 66/1, 66/2, 66/4, 67, 68, 70.
M. Belisario Porras 79/1, 79/2, 79/3, 81/i, 81/2.

Pays-Bas — Netherlands
Le Jonkheer T. Beelaerts van Blokland 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51.
M. J. P. A. Frangois 47-
Le Jonkheer van Karnebeek 43-
Le Jonkheer J. Loudon 42, 47-
M. Doude van Troostwijk 44-
 — 9o

Perou — Peru
M. Jose-Maria Barreto . . 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66/1, 66/2, 66/3, 66/4, 67.
M. Ventura Garda Calderon 66/4, 67, 68.
M. Alfredo Gonzalez-Prada 64, 65.
M. M. H. Cornejo 57> 58> 59-

Pologne — Poland
M. M. Arciszewski 52-
M. Jdzef Beck . . 70, 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex., 76/1, 76/2, 77/1, 77/2, 78/r,
78/2, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 81/1, 81/2, 82/1, 82/2, 85 ex., 88, 89/1,
89/2, 90, 91/1 ex., 92/1, 92/2, 93, 94, 96.
M. Thadee Gwiazdoski .... 67, 70, 77/1, 77/2 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex.
M. Tytus Komarnicki . . 83 ex., 84, 85 ex., 86, 87 ex., 88, 89/1, 89/2,
90, 91/2 ex., 92/1, 93, 94, 95 ex., 96, 97.
M. Kulski 74/1 ex., 74/2 ex., 75 ex., 76/1.
Le comte Eduardo Raszyriski .... 70, 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex., 72 ex.,
73/1, 73/2, 76/2, 77/1, 77/2, 79/1, 79/2, 79/3, 80/1 ex.,
80/2 ex., 81/1, 81/2, 82/1, 82/2, 91/1 ex..
M. Paderewski 9-
M. Francois Sokal 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52, 56, 57, 61, 63, 65.
M. Henri Strasburger 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 63, 65.
M. Marjan Szumlakowski 66/1, 66/2.
M. Auguste Zaleski 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54,
55. 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66/1, 66/2, 66/3, 66/4, 67, 68.
Portugal
M. Jose Caeiro da Matta 81/1, 81/2, 82/1, 82/2, 85 ex.
M. Armindo Rodrigues Monteiro 87 ex., 88, 89/1, 89/2, 90,
91/1 ex., 92/1, 92/2, 93.
M. Augusto de Vasconcellos . . 77/1. 77/2> 78/1, 78/2, 79/1. 79/2. 79/3.
80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 81/1, 81/2, 82/1, 82/2, 83 ex., 84, 86,
88, 89/1, 89/2, 90, 91/2 ex., 92/1, 93.

Roumanie Roumania
M. Victor Antonesco 93. 94. 9^. 97-
M. Constantin Antoniade 49. 5°. 51. 52> 53. 54. 55. 5^,
89/1, 89/2, 90, 91/1 ex., 91/2 ex., 92/1, 92/2, 94.
M. Victor Badulesco 95 ex-
2
M. Nicolas Petresco Comnene 4 > 43> 44. 45. 4^, 48-
M. Jean Mitilineu 42-
M. V. V. Pella 95 ex., 96, 97.
M. Nicolas Titulesco ... 42, 43. 44. 45. 4^, 47. 49. 5°. 53. 54. 55.
56, 89/1, 90, 91/1 ex., 92/1, 92/2.
M. Constantin Visoianu 89/1.
 — 9i —

Royaume-Uni — United Kingdom

The Right Honourable L. Amery 35. 37-

Lord Balfour . . 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 1921 ex., 14/a, 14/6, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23.
The Honourable Alex. Cadogan 52, 69/1, 69/2, 70, 73/1, 73/2> 74/1 ex-»
74/2 ex., 76/1, 76/2, 77/1, 77/2.
Mr. E. H. Carr . . 69/1, 69/2, 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex., 73/1, 73/2,76/1, 76/2.
Viscount Cecil of Chelwood . . . 25, 26, 27, 35, 39, 42, 61, 64, 65,
66/1, 67, 69/1, 69/2, 77/1, 77/2.
Sir Austen Chamberlain . . 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,
44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54-
Viscount Cranborne, M.P 88, 90, 93, 94, 95 ex.
The Right Honourable the Earl Curzon of Kedleston . . . . 1, 6, 7.
The Right Honourable Lord Cushendun 51. 52-
Mr. Hugh Dalton, M.P 56, 57> 5^, 61.
Mr. Doods 75 ex-
The Right Honourable Anthony Eden 67, 68, 69/1, 69/2, 70, 71/1 ex.,
71/2 ex., 72 ex., 73/1, 73/2, 77/1, 77/2, 78/1, 78/2, 79/1, 79/2, 79/3,
80/1, ex. 80/2 ex., 81/1, 81/2, 82/1, 82/2, 83 ex., 84, 86, 87 ex., 88,
89/1, 89/2, 90, 91/1 ex., 91/2 ex., 92/1, 92/2, 93, 94, 96, 97.
Mr. H. A. L. Fisher 4, 9, n, 13, 15, 17, 19.
Sir Ronald Graham 32-
Sir George Grahame 55-
Mr. Cecil Hamsworth 16.
The Right Honourable Arthur Henderson, M.P. 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61,
62, 63.
Sir Edward Hilton Young, 69/1, 69/2.
Sir Cecil Hurst 31. 52-
The Right Honourable G. Locker-Lampson 52-
The Marquess of Londonderry 66/1, 66/2, 66/4.
Sir William Malkin .... 69/1, 69/2, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 84, 89/1, 96.
Professor Gilbert Murray 3°-
The Earl of Onslow 46, 47-
Lord Parmoor 28, 29, 30, 31.
Sir Rennell Rodd 26.
Sir John Simon . . 66/1, 66/2, 66/3, 66/4, 68, 69/1, 69/2, 70, 71/1 ex.,
71/2 ex., 73/1, 73/2, 76/1, 76/2, 77/1, 77/2, 78/1, 78/2, 80/1 ex.,
80/2 ex., 84, 85 ex.
Mr. R. A. C. Sperling 38 ex.
2
Mr. Spicer -
Mr. R. C. S. Krine Stevenson 89/2.
The Right Honourable J. H. Thomas 66/1, 66/2.
The Honourable Edward Wood 24, 26.
 — 92 —

Salvador

Le Dr Gustavo Guerrero 42, 43, 44, 46.

Le Dr Yudice 45-

Suede — Sweden

Le baron Beck-Friis . 32.

M. Hjalmar Branting 6: repres., 9, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31.
M. de Dardell 31.
M. Hennings 38 ex-
M. A. E. M. Sjoborg 33, 3-b 35> 39> 40-
M. B. Osten Unden 24, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 41.
M. R. J. Sandler 94, 95 ex-, 96> 97-

Tchecoslovaquie — Czechoslovakia

M. Eduard Benes ... 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40, 4U
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 70, 7I/1 ex-, 7I/2 ex., 72 ex., 73/1, 73/2, 77/1,
77/2, 78/1, 78/2, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 81/1, 81/2, 82/1, 82/2, 83 ex.,
84, 85 ex., 86, 88.
M. Girsa 31-
M. Heidrich 86.
M. Krcmar 43-
M. Kunzl Jizersky. . 71/1 ex., 71/2 ex., 73/1, 73/2, 74/1 ex., 74/2 ex.,
75 ex., 77/1, 77/2, 78/1, 78/2, 80/1 ex., 80/2 ex., 85 ex., 86.
M. Stefan Osusky . . 70, 73/1, 73/2, 76/1, 76/2, 77/1, 77/2, 78/1, 78/2,
79/1, 79/2, 79/3, 82/1, 82/2, 84, 86, 87 ex., 88.
M. Ferdinand Veverka 32, 34, 35, 36, 38 ex., 39.

Turquie — Turkey

M. Suad Davaz 91/2 ex.

M. Cemal Husnu Taray . . . 82/1, 82/2, 83 ex., 87 ex., 88, 89/1,
89/2, 90.
M. Tevfik Riistu Aras . 82/1, 82/2, 83 ex., 84, 85 ex. 86, 88, 89/1,
89/2, 90, 91/1 ex., 92/1, 92/2, 93, 94, 95 ex., 96, 97.
M. Necmeddin Sadak 92/2> 94, 95 ex., 96, 97.
 — 93

Union des Republiques sovietiques socialistes

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

M. Edouard Hoerschelmann 9°> 97-

M. Maxime Litvinoff . 82/1, 82/2, 83 ex., 84, 85 ex., 86, 87 ex., 88,
89/1, 90, 91/1 ex., 92/1, 92/2, 93, 94, 96, 97.
M. Vladimir Potemkine . . . 82/1, 82/2, 89/1, 89/2, 91/2 ex., 92/2,
93, 94, 95 ex.
M. Marcel Rosenberg 82/1, 82/2.
M. Boris Stein 82/1, 82/2, 85 ex., 97.

Uruguay

M. Juan Carlos Blanco 23.

M. Buero 41-
M. Alberto Guani . . 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36,
37, 38 ex., 39, 40, 41.
Venezuela

M. Cesar Zumeta . . 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64.

Yougoslavie — Yugoslavia

M. Ilia Choumenkovitch 58, 62, 65, 66/4,

M. Constantin Fotitch 62, 65, 66/1, 66/2, 67.
M. Voislav Marinkovitch ... 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66/1.
66/2, 66/3.
M. B. Yevtitch ... 68.

* ❖
*

Secretaire general de la SociEte des Nations

Secretary-General of the League of Nations
I
Sir Eric Drummond "73-
M. Joseph A vend 74 99-
 — 94 —

Annex 4

EVOLUTION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE COUNCIL

January 10th, 1920. — The original text of Article 4 of the Covenant

was as follows :
“ 1. The Council shall consist of Representatives of the Principal Allied
and Associated Powers, together with Representatives of four other Mem-
bers of the League. These four Members of the League shall be selected
by the Assembly from time to time in its discretion. Until the appointment
of the Representatives of the four Members of the League first selected
by the Assembly, Representatives of Belgium, Brazil, Spain and Greece
shall be members of the Council.
“ 2. With the approval of the majority of the Assembly, the Council may
name additional Members of the League whose Representatives shall
always be Members of the Council ; the Council with like approval may
increase the number of Members of the League to be selected by the Assembly
for representation on the Council.
“ 3. The Council shall meet from time to time as occasion may require,
and at least once a year, at the Seat of the League, or at such other place
as may be decided upon.
“ 4. The Council may deal at its meetings with any matter within the
sphere of action of the League or affecting the peace of the world.
“ 5. Any Member of the League not represented on the Council shall be
invited to send a Representative to sit as a member at any meeting of the
Council during the consideration of matters specially affecting the interests
of that Member of the League.
“ 6. At meetings of the Council, each Member of the League represented
on the Council shall have one vote, and may have not more than one
Representative. ’ ’

November 15th-December 18th, 1920. — The first session of the

Assembly referred to its First Committee the question of the appoint-
ment of non-permanent Members of the Council. The First Committee
charged a sub-committee with the consideration of this problem.
The Sub-Committee’s investigation dealt with the following points:
(a) System of rotation; (6) Method of apportioning the four seats;
(c) Duration of the mandates; (d) Dates of the partial renewals; (e) Re-
eligibility; (/) Method of selection.
A fundamental difference of opinion appeared within the Sub-
Committee and within the Committee itself as to the interpretation
of the following passage in Article 4: “ • • • shall be selected by
the Assembly from time to time in its discretion”) — in French:
“ . . . sont designes librement par 1’Assemblee et aux epoques qu’il
lui plait de choisir ”.
 — 95 —
The Committee also discussed at some length whether the non-
permanent Members of the Council should be chosen from those which
were best fitted to carry out, in conjunction with the permanent
Members, the duties entrusted to the Council—i.e., whether the election
must always be a selection—or whether it was essential to guarantee
to Members of the League the certainty of obtaining a seat in turn
—i.e., that there should be a compulsory rotation.

December 11th, 1920. — Finally the Assembly voted the following

resolutions and recommendation:

Resolutions
" i. The mandates of Belgium, Brazil, Spain and Greece as Members
of the Council, as provisionally conferred by Article 4, paragraph 1,
sentence 3, of the Covenant, shall expire on December 31st, 1920.
“ 2. In execution of Article 4, paragraph 1, sentence 2, of the
Covenant, the non-permanent Members of the Council shall, at the
present session of the Assembly, be selected one at a time and by secret
ballot for a period of one year. If no Member obtains at the first
ballot an absolute majority of votes, a new ballot shall be taken, but
on this occasion the voting shall be confined to the two Members which
obtained the largest number of votes at the first ballot. If at this
ballot the two Members obtain an equal number of votes, the President
shall decide by lot.
“ 3. The various proposals considered by the First Committee of
the Assembly on the subject shall be sent to the Committee to be
constituted by the Council for studying the amendments to the Covenant,
which shall report on them to the next Assembly.”

Recommendation
“ The Assembly is recommended to vote for the four non-permanent
Members of the Council to be selected by the Assembly in 1920 so that
three shall be selected from among the Members of the League in
Europe and the two A.merican continents, and one selected from among
the Members in Asia and the remaining parts of the world.”
1921 — The Committee on Amendments to the
Covenant, which met in 1921, considered, in accordance with paragraph 3
of the Assembly resolution of December nth, 1920, proposals and
amendments in regard to the drafting of Article 4 of the Covenant.
This consideration led to the laying down of a certain number of
principles:
(1) That a geographical distribution of the non-permanent
seats on the Council was desirable;
 - 96

(2) That the duration of the term of office of non-permanent

Members should not be very short;
(3) That it would be dangerous to permit unlimited re-eligibility;
(4) That an overlapping of the terms of office was to be recom-
mended.
Finally the Committee proposed that Article 4, paragraph i, sentence 2,
of the Covenant should be amended as follows:
Instead of:
“ These four Members of the League shall be selected by the
Assembly from time to time in its discretion ”,

Read:
“ These four Members of the League shall be selected by the
Assembly in its discretion, in accordance with a procedure which
the Assembly, by a two-thirds vote, may determine and may
modify.”
With regard to the rules for the elections, the Committee made the
following proposal:
“ The non-permanent Members of the Council of the League shall
be selected by the Assembly, by a majority vote, for a period of
four years. Half of their number shall be renewed every two years.
Of the first Members selected for four years, two, to be selected
by the Assembly by lot, shall remain in office for two years only.
“ Retiring Members shall not be re-eligible for a period of four
years following the expiration of their term of office.”
At the Assembly’s second session the Committee’s proposals for
amendments to the Covenant were considered. The Assembly’s
consideration led to the drafting of the following resolution:

October 5th, 1921.

Resolutions and Text of Amendment to Article 4 of the Covenant adopted
by the Assembly on October 5th, ig2i.
“ I. The Assembly adopts the conclusions of the report of its First
Committee:
“ (a) That the non-permanent Members of the Council should in
future be elected according to a system of rotation for a fixed period,
and that the Assembly should this year renew for the year 1922 the
appointment of the present Members;
“ (b) That, in the absence of any decision with regard to the number
of the non-permanent Members of the Council, it is inexpedient to lay
 — 97 —
down precise rulings, in consideration of the fact that at the election
held next year account will be taken, both as regards the determination
of the entire period of office for each Member and as regards the condi-
tions of re-eligibility, of the period already spent in office as the result
of previous elections.
“ (c) The Committee expresses no opinion as to whether, from the
legal point of view, an amendment to the Covenant is or is not necessary,
but it is of opinion that it is prudent and desirable to adopt the following
amendment, which would be inserted between the second and the third
paragraphs of Article 4.
“ II. The Assembly adopts the following resolution, being an amend-
ment to Article 4 of the Covenant:
“ The following paragraph shall be inserted between the second and
third paragraphs of Article 4:
“ ‘ The Assembly shall fix, by a two-thirds majority, the rules dealing
with the election of the non-permanent Members of the Council, and
particularly such regulations as relate to their term of office and the
conditions of re-eligibility.’ ”
September 15th, 1922. — The British and French representatives
on the Council proposed that the number of non-permanent Members
should be increased from four to six. In support of this proposal, they
pointed out that, since the coming into force of the Covenant, the number
of States Members of the League had been considerably increased by
the admission of nine new States and that it was very difficult to ensure
an equitable allocation of the non-permanent seats among the different
countries which, owing to common interests, had a tendency to form
themselves into groups (document C.394.M.137.1926, page 26).
September 21st, 1922. — The Council proposed to the Assembly
that the Assembly should approve of its decision that the number of
Members of the League to be selected by the Assembly for representation
on the Council should be increased from four to six.
September 25th, 1922. — The Assembly approved this decision,
which was to come into force immediately.
September 29th, 1922. — The Assembly adopted the following
recommendation:
“ It is desirable that the Assembly, in electing the six non-
permanent Members of the Council, should make its choice with
due consideration for the main geographical divisions of the world,
the great ethnical groups, the different religious traditions, the
various types of civilisation and the chief sources of wealth.”
September 30th, 1922. — The Assembly elected the following as
non-permanent Members of the Council, without fixing any limit to the
 - 98 -

duration of these appointments: Brazil, Spain, Uruguay, Belgium,

Sweden and China.
September 27th, 1923. — The Assembly repeated the recommen-
dation of the 1922 Assembly. On September 29th, 1923, the following
were elected non-permanent Members of the Council: Brazil, Spain,
Uruguay, Belgium, Sweden and Czechoslovakia.
September 26th, 1924. — The Assembly reiterated the recom-
mendation adopted by the Assemblies of 1922 and i923- Octobei 2nd,
1924, the six non-permanent Members of the Council elected on Sep-
tember 29th, 1923, were re-elected for 1925.
February 12th, 1926. — The Council decided to summon an extra-
ordinary session of the Assembly for March 8th, 1926, to deal with the
following points:
(1) Application by Germany for admission to the League;
(2) Decisions on any proposals to be made by the Council in
application of Article 4 of the Covenant.

March 17th, 1926. — Brazil applied for a permanent seat on the

Council.
March 18th, 1926. — The Council decided to appoint a Committee
to study the composition of the Council and the number and method
of election of its Members. The Committee was to consist of represen-
tatives of the Members of the Council and of the following States.
Argentine Republic, China, Germany, Poland and Switzerland.
May 10th-17th, 1926. — The Committee, which was presided
over by M. Motta, drafted an interim report accepting the principle of
an increase of the non-permanent Members of the Council, and adopted
at a first reading draft regulations for their election. The report stated
that the increase of the number of the non-permanent seats on the Council
would permit the Assembly to take account in a more comprehensive
and equitable measure of the principle of geographical distribution of
seats, in accordance with the recommendations of the third, fourth,
fifth and sixth Assemblies. The report also observed that the Committee
was unanimously favourable to an allocation of three of the non pei
manent seats to Latin America and that adequate representation should
be given to Asia.
June 10th, 1926. — Brazil stated that she renounced her seat on
the Council as a non-permanent Member and gave notice of withdrawal
from the League. On the same date, the Spanish representative on the
Council announced that his Government would ratify the amendment
to Article 4, “ as the present situation excludes the possibility of the
 — 99 —
presence of Spain at an election, and as the reason which prevented
ratification by Spain had thus been removed.”
On the same date also, the Council agreed to the principles laid down
by the Committee in regard to the number of non-permanent Members
of the Council and the method of their election.
July 29th, 1926. — The amendment to Article 4 of the Covenant
which had been voted by the second Assembly on October 5th, 1921,
came into force.
August 30th-September 3rd, 1926. — The Committee on the
Composition of the Council held a second session from August 30th to
September 3rd, 1926, under the chairmanship of M. Motta. The Brazilian
representative was not present. The session ended with the drafting
of a final report, Argentine, Sweden, Spain and Poland made
reservation.
September 4th, 1926. — The Council:
“ Approves the report of the Committee on the Composition of the
Council;
“ In consequence and in virtue of the powers which it derives from
Article 4 of the Covenant, decides upon:
(a) The appointment of Germany as a permanent Member of
the Council upon her entry into the League of Nations;
(b) The increase in the number of the non-permanent seats
to nine;
“ Recommends to the Assembly the approval of those decisions;
“ Commends to the favourable consideration of the Assembly the
proposals made by the Committee as regards the method of election
and tenure of the non-permanent seats.”
September 8th, 1926. — The Assembly in a resolution approved
the report of the First Committee of the Special Assembly on the request
of the German Government for admission to the League and also the
proposals put forward by the Council in its resolution of September 4th
regarding the nomination of Germany as a permanent Member of the
Council and the increase of the number of non-permanent seats, which
were to be brought up to nine.
September 15th, 1926. — The Assembly, acting in virtue of
Article 4 of the Covenant, decided as follows:
Resolution making Rules dealing with the Election of the Nine
Non-Permanent Members of the Council, their Term of Office and
the Conditions of Re-eligibility.
Article I.
The Assembly shall each year, in the course of its ordinary session,
elect three non-permanent Members of the Council. They shall be elected
 100

for a term commencing immediately on their election and ending on

the day of the elections held three years later by the Assembly.
Should a non-permanent Member cease to belong to the Council
before its term of office expires, its seat shall be filled by a by-election
held separately at the session following the occurrence of the vacancy.
The term of office of the Member so elected shall end at the date at
which the term of office of the Member whose place it takes would have
expired.
Article II.
A retiring Member may not be re-elected during the period between
the expiration of its term of office and the third election in ordinary
session held thereafter unless the Assembly, either on the expiration
of the Member’s term of office or in the course of the said period of three
years, shall, by a majority of two-thirds of the votes cast, previously
have decided that such Member is re-eligible.
The Assembly shall pronounce separately, by secret ballot, upon each
request for re-eligibility. The number of votes cast shall be determined
by the total number of voting tickets deposited, deducting blank or
spoilt votes.
The Assembly may not decide upon the re-eligibility of a Member
except upon a request in writing made by the Member itself. The
request must be handed to the President of the Assembly not later
than the day before the date fixed for the election; it shall be submitted
to the Assembly, which shall pronounce upon it without referring it
to a Committee and without debate.
The number of Members re-elected in consequence of having been
previously declared re-eligible shall be restricted so as to prevent the
Council from containing at the same time more than three Members
thus elected. If the result of the ballot infringes this restriction to three
Members, those of the Members affected which have received the smallest
number of votes shall not be considered to have been elected.

Article III.
Notwithstanding the above provisions, the Assembly may at any
time by a two-thirds majority decide to proceed, in application of
Article 4 of the Covenant, to a new election of all the non-permanent
Members of the Council. In this case the Assembly shall determine the
rules applicable to the new election.

Article IV (Temporary Provisions).

1. In 1926, the nine non-permanent Members of the Council shall
be elected by the Assembly, three for a term of three years, three for a
term of two years, and three for a term of one year. The procedure of
the election shall be determined by the General Committee of the
Assembly.
 101

2. Of the nine Members thus elected in 1926, a maximum of three

may be immediately declared re-eligible by a decision of the Assembly
taken by a special vote by secret ballot, a separate ballot being held
for each Member, and adopted by a majority of two-thirds of the number
of votes cast.
Immediately after the announcement of the results of the election,
the Assembly shall decide upon the requests for re-eligibility which
have been presented.
Should the Assembly have before it more than three requests for
re-eligibility, the three candidates having received the largest number
of votes in excess of two-thirds of the votes cast shall alone be declared
re-eligible.
3. The according in advance in 1926 to one, two or three Members
elected at that date of the quality of re-eligibility shall not affect the
Assembly’s right to exercise in the years 1927 and 1928 the power given
by Article II in favour of other non-permanent Members retiring from
the Council in those years. It is, however, understood that, if three
Members already possess the quality of re-eligibility, the Assembly
will only exercise this power in very exceptional cases.
January 5th, 1931. — The Portuguese Government pointed out in
a memorandum that, apart from the permanent Members of the Council
and the two States which had an expectation of being declared re-
eligible for election to the Council, representation on that body was
habitually limited to States belonging to certain groups—namely, the
Latin-American States (three seats), the ex-neutral States (one seat),
the Little Entente (one seat), the British Dominions (one seat) and the
Asiatic States (one seat). These groups, together with Spain and
Poland, occupied in practice the existing nine non-permanent seats.
The result of this situation constituted a permanent representation on
the Council of certain tendencies and points of view, and there remained
some ten to fifteen Members of the League which had no effective
prospect of entering the Council. The Portuguese Government therefore
proposed an increase in the number of seats by one.
September 25th, 1931. — The Assembly requested the Council
to appoint a special committee to study the system of elections to the
Council and to report to a future session of the Assembly.
January 29th, 1932. — The Council appointed a small committee
consisting of representatives of the following countries: Argentine,
Belgium, United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Canada, Columbia, Czechoslovakia,
France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Sweden
(the Argentine Government being unable to be represented). Sub-
sequently, in agreement with that Government, the Council invited
the Government of Uruguay to appoint a representative on the com-
mittee. It authorised the Secretary-General to convene this committee.
 102

The Council rapporteurs were M. Rosso, Chairman of the committee,

M. Pilotti and M. Piola-Caselli (rapporteurs to the committee), Lord
Cecil and the Belgian representatives (Count Carton de Wiart, M. Melot,
M. van Langenhove, M. Bourquin).
July 1932. — The Committee invited Members of the League to
communicate their observations on the problems that it had to consider.
Observations were received from the following Governments: Colombia,
Hungary, India, Norway, Siam.
January 30th to February 4th, 1933. — Session of the Committee.
May 16th to 19th, 1933. — Session of the Committee.
May 19th, 1933. — In its report adopted on May 19th, 1933, the
Committee was unanimously of opinion that a de facto exclusion from
the Council of a large number of Members of the League was open to
very grave objections. As any modification of the existing practice
in regard to representation of groups which would make room for
representation of a new group composed of States not at present belonging
to any group would also be open to grave objections, the majority of
the Committee considered that a solution would have to be found in an
increase in the number of non-permanent seats.
The Portuguese member of the Committee, contrary to the Portuguese
memorandum of January 5th, 1931, recommended an increase of two
seats. Some members were, however, strongly of opinion that any
further increase in the size of the Council would almost inevitably result
in a decline in its efficiency, or at least in undesirable modifications in its
procedure. It was also pointed out that the increase of non-permanent
Members from six to nine which was made in 1926 was understood at
that time to constitute the maximum increase which would be made.
It was generally agreed that the moment was not opportune for the
adoption of a decision making far-reaching constitutional changes in
the Council’s composition.
The Committee reached agreement upon a compromise solution which
had the effect of giving provisional recognition to the claim of the non-
grouped States, while postponing any final decision as to further consti-
tutional changes. The majority of the Committee was however of
opinion that one change in procedure might be suggested for the consider-
ation of the Assembly—namely, that candidates for election to the
Council should be publicly nominated in writing before the election.
October 4th, 1933. — The Republic of Portugal submitted its
candidature for the new seat on the Council.
October 4th, 1933. —- The Council proposed that for the period
commencing with the election of the non-permanent Members of the
Council at the Assembly’s session of 1933 and ending with the election
of the said non-permanent Members in the year 1936, the number of
 — 103 —

non-permanent seats on the Council should be provisionally increased

from nine to ten, on the understanding that, towards the end of that
period, the question of the number of the Members of the Council would
be reconsidered.
October 5th, 1933. — The Assembly approved of the increase in
the number of non-permanent seats from nine to ten and decided that
no Member of the League should be eligible to be elected as a non-per-
manent Member of the Council unless it had proposed itself for election,
or been nominated by another Member of the League at least forty-eight
hours before the election, which should not be held before the seventh
day of the Assembly’s session. The notice of the candidature should
be given in writing to the Secretary-General, who should forthwith bring
it to the attention of the Assembly. The Secretary-General should
at the time of the election place before the Assembly a list of the
Members which had been duly put forward as candidates.
September 15th, 1934. — The Council proposed that the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics should be appointed a permanent Member of
the Council.
September 18th, 1934. — The Assembly approved the proposal
contained in the Council resolution of September 15th and the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics became a permanent Member of the Council.
May 21st, 1935. — Communication from the Chinese Government
which, in view of the withdrawal of Japan from the League, asked the
Council to take practical steps to provide for the representation of
China on that body.
September 26th, 1935. — The Council appointed a committee to
consider the question of the number of Members of the Council and
at the same time the Chinese proposal. This Committee consisted of
the representatives of the following States: Argentine, Austria, Belgium,
United Kingdom, Canada, China, France, Iran, Italy, Latvia, Peru,
Poland, Roumania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics. The Chairman was M. Guido Rocco; M. Bourquin
was Vice-Chairman and Viscount Cecil Rapporteur.
September 28th, 1935 ; January 24th, 1936 ; April 27th-
28th, 1936. — Sessions of the Committee. The Committee received
replies from twenty-five countries. The others preferred to state their
views during the discussion.
April 28th, 1936. — In adopting its report, the Committee observed
that, since 1928, two of the nine non-permanent seats on the Council
had always been held by the so-called “ semi-permanent Members ”
(Spain and Poland) and the remaining seven by States belonging to
five groups (see above). The creation in 1933 of a tenth non-permanent
 — 104

seat, to which Portugal was elected, was a temporary remedy for the
unsatisfactory situation whereby States which did not belong to any
group were not in practice able to secure election.
Some Members having maintained that there should rather be a
modification of the group system, the Swedish representative declared
that, with the assent of Finland, the group of the ex-neutrals (composed
of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands and Switzerland)
agreed to take that country into the group.
The Committee recognised that the objections which, in 1933, stood
in the way of a definitive solution of the questions connected with the
non-permanent seats on the Council still existed, and that it seemed
undesirable at the moment to attempt permanent changes in the com-
position or mode of election. The Committee's suggestion was therefore
provisional; but it felt that it would be regrettable if a definitive
solution were postponed longer than was necessary.
It therefore proposed that, for a limited period, the number of non-
permanent seats should be raised to eleven. Of the two seats thus
created, one might provide representation for a group comprising the
non-grouped European States, while the Assembly might consider the
other as attributed to Asia, and in particular to China.
May 13th, 1936. — The Council decided to forward the Committee’s
report to the Assembly.
The Portuguese representative observed that if the proposal were
adopted that one seat should be created for the Asiatic States and one
seat for the non-grouped States, there would be two seats for six States
and one seat for fourteen States; thus the latter could only be represented
on the Council once in forty-two years.
September 28th, 1936. — The Assembly approved of the recom-
mendation of the Committee for the provisional creation of two new
seats for the period commencing with the election at its 1936 session
and ending with the election in 1939.
It also recommended the Council, as soon as circumstances permitted,
to appoint and convene a small committee of experts to draw up
proposals on the subject.
 — io5 —

Annex 5

RULES OF PROCEDURE OF THE COUNCIL

Adopted by the Council on May 26th, IQ33

Article I
1. The Council shall meet in ordinary session four times in each
year—namely, on the third Monday in January, the second Monday
in May, three days before the meeting of the Assembly and, for the
fourth session, at a date following closely upon the appointment by
the Assembly of the non-permanent Members of the Council and
fixed by the President of the Council.
2. The Council may at any time decide to meet in extraordinary
session.
3. The Council must meet, at the request of any Member of the
League of Nations (if necessary, in extraordinary session), in the
circumstances referred to in Articles 11, 15 and 17 of the Covenant.
4. If not fixed by the Council, the date of the opening of an extra-
ordinary session shall be fixed by the President, if possible after
consultation with his colleagues.
5. The President of the Council, after consulting his colleagues and
with the consent of the majority, may, where necessary, advance or
retard the date of the opening of a session of the Council. The President
may not, however, without the consent of all his colleagues, advance
or retard by more than seven days the opening of an ordinary session.1
6. The Secretary-General shall give notice to the Members of the
Council of the date at which a session is to begin, unless the session is
to be held at a date provided by the present Rules or fixed by the
Council.
1
On January nth, 1935, the Council formulated the following principles for
the guidance of its President in the application of Article 1, paragraph 5:
(a) Except in cases of real emergency, the President of the Council should
not propose a change in the date fixed for a session of the Council if the session
is already due to commence in five days.
(b) In the communication by which he consults his colleagues as to a
change in the date of a session of the Council, the President should, if possible,
state the new date proposed for the opening of the session or, if this is not
possible, should indicate the earliest date at which the Council will be convened.
(c) Except in cases of real emergency, the President of the Council should
give his colleagues at least twelve days’ notice of the date which he proposes
to substitute for the date originally fixed for a session of the Council.
 — io6 —

Article II
The sessions of the Council shall be held at the seat of the League of
Nations, except in cases where the majority of the Members of the Council
consider that the Council should meet elsewhere.

Article III
1. A provisional agenda shall be drawn up by the Secretary-General
and approved by the President of the Council. It shall in all cases include
any questions which a Member of the League has asked the Council
to consider. It shall, so far as possible, show the rapporteurs for the
various questions and give references to the documents relating thereto.
2. The provisional agenda shall be sent to the Members of the Council
not less than three weeks before the opening of the session, except in
the case of the fourth ordinary session of the year or of a session the
date of which is such as to make it impossible to maintain this interval.
3. Any subsequent modification of the provisional agenda shall be
communicated to the Members of the Council.
4. At the last ordinary session of each year, the Council shall draw
up a list of rapporteurs for the various matters with which it is habitually
called upon to deal.
5. Where rapporteurs have not been appointed by the Council, they
shall be appointed by the President.
6. At the opening of the session, the Council shall adopt its agenda
at a private meeting.
7. The Council may, by a majority, add during a meeting new
questions to its agenda. In such case, unless the Council otherwise
unanimously decides, such questions shall not be discussed before the
next meeting.
Article IV
1. The representatives on the Council shall preside over its sessions
in rotation in the alphabetical order in French of the names of the
countries which they represent.
2. A President shall, in principle, enter into office at the beginning
of an ordinary session and remain in office until the opening of the next
ordinary session.
3. Extraordinary sessions shall be presided over by the President
for the time being in office.
4. If the representative who should act as President considers that
he should decline to do so during a particular session, or during the
consideration of a particular matter, the Council shall arrange for another
member to act as President.
 107 —

Article V
Where, during the interval between sessions of the Council, the
Secretary-General, for the purposes of application of the provisions of
the present Rules or for any other purpose, has occasion to apply to the
President of the Council and the President is prevented from acting,
the Secretary-General shall apply to the last President, if the country
which he represents continues to belong to the Council. If the last
President is unable to act, the Secretary-General shall apply, subject
to the same condition, to his predecessor, and, thereafter, in accordance
with the same system, to earlier Presidents of the Council.

Article VI
1. If the person who is President ceases to represent his country
on the Council, he shall be replaced by the new representative.
2. In like manner, if a former President has ceased to represent his
country on the Council, the new representative shall act in his place
for the purposes of Article V of the present Rules.

Article VII
1. Subject to the provisions of Article III, paragraph 6, and Article X
of the present Rules, the meetings of the Council shall, unless the Council
otherwise decides, be held in public.
2. Unless they have been previously circulated, the reports of rap-
porteurs and the documents to which they relate shall, so far as possible,
be sent to the Members of the Council not less than forty-eight hours
before the opening of the meeting at which they are discussed. Where
this has been done, the report will not be read, unless the rapporteur
desires or another Member of the Council asks that it shall be read; the
rapporteurs may always give such explanations in regard to their reports
as they consider desirable. The text of resolutions proposed in the
reports shall be read in all cases.

Article VIII
The Council shall not discuss or decide upon any matter unless the
majority of its Members are present.

Article IX
i. Except where otherwise expressly provided by the Covenant, or
by the terms of any other instrument which is to be applied, decisions
at any meeting of the Council shall require the agreement of all the
Members of the League represented at the meeting.
 — io8 —

2. All matters of procedure at meetings of the Council, including

the appointment of committees to investigate particular matters, shall
be regulated by the Council and may be decided by a majority of the
Members of the League represented at the meeting.
3. Subject to the provisions of Article X of the present Rules, each
Member of the Council shall be called upon separately to vote, if a
Member of the Council so requires. In counting the votes, abstentions
from voting shall be disregarded.

Article X
All decisions concerning persons shall be taken at a private meeting.
On the demand of any Member of the Council, the voting shall be by
secret ballot.
Article XI
1. The Minutes of the meetings of the Council shall be kept by the
Secretariat. They shall be published.
2. The Minutes of each meeting of the Council shall be sent as soon
as possible to the Members of the Council, who shall, within forty-eight
hours, inform the Secretariat of any corrections which they may desire
to have made in their own speeches.
3. Where the Minutes were sent to the Members of the Council less
than forty-eight hours before the close of the session, they shall be
considered as approved if no corrections have been asked for within
ten days.
4. The Council may decide not to have published Minutes. In this
case, a summary record in a single copy shall alone be made. Such
record shall be kept in the Secretariat of the League of Nations, where
the representatives of Governments which took part in the meeting may
have corrections made in their own speeches within a period of ten days.
On the expiration of this period, the record shall be considered as
approved and shall be signed by the Secretary-General. Representatives
of the said Governments shall at all times have the right to consult the
record at the Secretariat.
Article XII
1. When the Council is not in session, its Members may be consulted
by correspondence by the Secretary-General, on instructions from
the President, and may by this means adopt such measures of an
administrative character as appear on grounds of urgency to be
strictly necessary before the Council again meets.
2. Subject to confirmation by the Council at its next session, the
President of the Council, at the request of the Secretary-General, may,
in the interval between sessions, take financial measures of an urgent
 — log —•

character which fall within the competence of the Council, such as the
approval of transfers, charging of expenditure to the Council’s vote
for unforeseen expenditure, and advances from the Working Capital
Fund.
Article XIII
The chairmen and members of committees, experts and officials of
the League may be admitted to give information or assistance at meetings
of the Council.
Article XIV
1. Subject to the provisions of the Covenant, the present Rules
may be amended by a three-fourths majority, subject to the proposal
for amendment of the Rules having been first placed on the agenda.
2. Subject to the same restriction, a departure from the provisions
of the present Rules may be sanctioned, by the same majority, without
its being necessary for a proposal to that effect to be first placed on the
agenda.
 no

Annex 6

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON COUNCIL PROCEDURE

(Geneva, September 21st, 1937. Document C.395.1937)
(Adopted by the Council on September 2gth, 1937)

I. Introductory Note

The Committee appointed by the Council on May 27th, 1937 (ninety-

seventh session), to consider certain points in connection with Council
procedure, was composed as follows:
United Kingdom . . . Mr. R. C. S. Stevenson.
Chile H.E. M. F. Garcia Oldini.
China H.E. Dr. Hoo Chi-Tsai.
France M. Lagarde.
Poland H.E. M. Tytus Komarnicki.
M. Komarnicki was appointed Rapporteur.
The Committee was of opinion that it would be a mistake to attempt
to regulate the procedure of the Council in too great detail. Nevertheless,
it considered that experience had shown that a number of points not
covered by the Rules of Procedure might with advantage be clarified.
Moreover, it thought that it might be convenient if, on one or two
points, the procedure of the Council, as established by custom, were
expressly stated.
The Committee therefore submits the following points for the con-
sideration of the Council.
The Committee does not consider it necessary, at all events at the
present stage, to amend or supplement the Rules of Procedure.
Certain resolutions on procedure already adopted by the Council but
not included in its Rules of Procedure, and on which the Committee
has no suggestions to make, are annexed for convenience to the present
report.
II. Recommendations of the Committee

1. Secret Meetings
(a) It is desirable to limit as far as possible the number of persons
attending secret meetings. It is therefore recommended that each
Member of the Council be normally accompanied by not more than
one assistant. If, for exceptional reasons, a Member of the Council
 Ill

wishes to be accompanied by more than one assistant, he should so

inform the President beforehand. In no case should the number of
assistants exceed three.
The same considerations apply to the number of persons who may
accompany the Secretary-General (apart from technical staff).
(b) It is desirable that, where circumstances permit, the Council
should issue a communique. The preparation of such communique
might normally be left to the President and the Secretary-General.
As regards information of a confidential nature, of importance to
permanent delegates or other representatives of the Members of the
League duly authorised by their respective Governments to follow
the Council’s proceedings, the latter might empower the President
or the Secretary-General to furnish such information with due regard
both for the interests of the League and for the legitimate desire
of these representatives to be kept duly informed of the general course
of the Council’s proceedings.
Except in so far as the issue of information is authorised by the
Council itself, no person present has the right to divulge what passed
at the meeting.

2. Private Meetings
{a) With a view to avoiding over-crowding in the room assigned to
the Council for its private meetings, it is recommended that each
Member of the Council be normally accompanied by not more than
three assistants. If, for exceptional reasons, a Member of the Council
wishes to be accompanied by more than three assistants, he should
so inform the President beforehand. In no case should the number
of assistants exceed five.
The representatives of Members of the League not represented on
the Council may also attend private meetings. In view of the limited
accommodation available, however, it is desirable that as far as possible
each Member should be represented by one person only.
The Secretary-General shall limit as far as possible the number of
officials attending private meetings.
The Committee considers that a reasonable allocation of the seating
accommodation available at private meetings would be as follows:
For each Council delegation 2 seats
For representatives of Members of the League
not represented on the Council 15 seats
For members of the Secretariat (other than
technical staff) 5 seats

[b) It is recommended that the President should open the private

meeting not later than five minutes after the time announced.
 112
3. Adoption of Agenda
It is recommended that the following procedure, which corresponds
to the practice generally adopted hitherto, should be followed, unless
the Council, in a given case, should decide otherwise:
At the private meeting at which it adopts the agenda, whether of
the session or of the meeting, the Council sits in its ordinary composi-
tion. Nevertheless, if the representative of a Member of the League
entitled to send a representative to the Council for the discussion of
the substance of an item asks permission to present any observations
to the Council in regard to the inclusion of that item on the agenda,
that representative is invited to the Council table. Similarly, if any
discussion in regard to the inclusion of the item otherwise arises, the
representative of such Member of the League, if present in the room,
is invited to the Council table.

4. Voting
It is recommended that the following procedure, which corresponds
to the practice generally adopted hitherto, should be followed, unless
the Council, in a given case, should decide otherwise:
When a vote by roll-call is required under Article IX, paragraph 3,
of the Rules of Procedure, it shall be taken in French alphabetical
order of the Members of the League represented at the meeting, the
President voting last. In cases in which the vote concerns a dispute,
the representatives of the parties to the dispute shall vote after the
other Members of the Council and the President. The vote of
the parties shall also be taken in French alphabetical order.

5. Distribution of the Text of Speeches

In deference to the dignity of Council meetings, it is recommended
that those delegations desirous of communicating the text of a speech
to the Press should wait, before doing so, until the speaker in question
has finished speaking.

6. Presidency of the Council

In order to expedite the operation of the system of rotation, it is
recommended that the practice followed hitherto, by which the two
autumn sessions of the Council are presided over by the same President,
should be discontinued, and that a new President should take office
for each of the four regular sessions of the Council.

7. Deputations
The President of the Council cannot speak in the name of the Council
unless he has been specially requested to do so by the latter, and
therefore should not, in that capacity, receive deputations. Any
statement made to him should therefore be received by him in his
capacity as a Member of the Council only.

8. Reports of Technical Committees

In order to avoid to some extent the inconvenience resulting from
Members of the Council being asked to discuss reports of technical
committees distributed during or immediately before the Council
session, it is recommended that the following practice be observed:
When the report of a standing technical committee has not been
distributed to the Council at least one week before the date fixed for
the opening of the session, the relevant question shall be excluded from
the revised agenda which is distributed by the Secretariat just before
the session. Members of the Council shall nevertheless retain their
right, under Article III, paragraph 7, of the Rules of Procedure, to
propose to the Council that the discussion of a particular report should
be added to the agenda in the course of the session.

9. Presence of Representatives of League Committees at the Council Table

It is generally unnecessary for the chairman or other representatives
of League committees to come to the Council table for the discussion
of their committees’ reports. Nevertheless, it is open to the Rapporteur
for the particular question on the agenda to ask the Secretary-General
to arrange for the representation of the committee, should special
circumstances appear to the Rapporteur to warrant such action.

10. Occasional Speeches

Occasional speeches, such as speeches of condolence or congratulation,
are normally made by the President on behalf of the Council as a whole,
so that any Member of the Council may refrain from speaking without
any discourtesy being imputed to him. Members of the Council other
than the President are nevertheless at liberty to speak on such occasions,
but it is recommended that, so far as possible, they should make their
intention of speaking known at the private meeting preceding the
public meeting in question.

Sub-annex
Resolutions concerning the Procedure of the Council which
HAVE NOT BEEN INCLUDED IN THE RULES OF PROCEDURE
(a) Date of Sessions of the Council (Resolution of January nth, 1935)
(1) Except in cases of real emergency, the President of the Council
should not propose a change in the date fixed for a session of the Council
if the session is already due to commence in five days.
 (2) In the communication by which he consults his colleagues as to
a change in the date of a session of the Council, the President should,
if possible, state the new date proposed for the opening of the session or,
if this is not possible, should indicate the earliest date at which the
Council will be convened.
(3) Except in cases of real emergency, the President of the Council
should give his colleagues at least twelve days’ notice of the date which
he proposes to substitute for the date originally fixed for a session of the
Council.

(b) Communications from Non-official International Organisations

(Resolution of December 10th, 1923)
The Council of the League, while confirming the principles laid down
in July last in its decision that the documents of non-official associations
should not be forwarded to Governments by the Secretary-General of
the League, in order that the Members of the Council might be informed
of the nature of any communications addressed to the League by non-
official international associations, instructs the Secretary-General to
prepare and present to the Council at the beginning of each of its sessions
a list of any such communications which he may have received, stating
the international organisations from which they emanate and the subject
to which they refer.
Each Member of the Council will thus be aware what resolutions or
petitions have been received, and will be able, should it so desire, to
obtain cognisance of their terms.

(c) Acceptance of Gifts (Resolution of January 15th, 1934)

1. Gifts which are less than 5,000 Swiss francs in value and which
do not involve the League in financial liability shall be brought to the
knowledge of the Council by the circulation of a list before each session.
On this list, the Secretary-General shall report in each case whether, in
his opinion, the gift is one which should be accepted.
2. The gift shall not be placed upon the agenda of the Council unless
one of its Members makes a request to that effect.
3. If no Member of the Council raises any objection during the session
following the circulation of the list, the Secretary-General shall be con-
sidered as being authorised to accept the gifts which he has reported to
be acceptable and to refuse the other gifts.
4. Where the gift is obviously of a trivial or undesirable nature,
the Secretary-General is authorised to refuse it without reference to the
Council.
5. Where the gift is not made for a particular purpose, the Secretary-
General shall indicate the object for which he proposes to use it.
(d) Agenda of Extraordinary Sessions (Resolution of June ist, 1934)
In the case of an extraordinary session, the provisional agenda circu-
lated to the Members of the Council shall contain only the item for which
the extraordinary session was originally called; but, at the beginning of
the session, when the Council adopts its agenda, the Secretary-General
shall communicate to it a list of the other most urgent questions. The
purpose of this list would be to enable the Members of the Council to
exercise the right accorded to them under Rule III, paragraph 7, of
the Rules of Procedure of the Council to ask for the inclusion of an
item in the agenda of the session.
 — n6 —

Annex 7

EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT PRESENTED BY THE FIRST

COMMITTEE TO THE FIRST ORDINARY SESSION OF THE
ASSEMBLY

II. In the course of the discussion a difference of opinion appeared

as to the interpretation of the first paragraph of Article 4 of the Covenant.
The French text of Article 4, paragraph 1, lays down that the four
non-permanent Members of the Council “ sont designes librement par
VAssembles et aux epoques qa’il lui plait de choisir ”, while the English
text reads: “shall be selected by the Assembly from time to time
in its discretion ”.
Part of the Committee was of opinion that this provision should be
understood as follows: The plenary Assembly should remain free to
choose as Members of the Council those of the Members of the League
of Nations which, at the time the selection is made, it considers best
fitted to carry out their duties as such, that is to say, to watch over
the interests entrusted to the Council. The selection of the four
Members is therefore to be free and not subject to any regulations on
the part of the Assembly, either in respect of apportionment of seats
or of the progressive limitation of choice. Such regulations are alone
admissible as are confined to the method of selection and the duration
of the mandates or are intended to guarantee freedom of choice. In
other words, only regulations exclusively affecting the actual procedure
of selection can be considered as compatible with the Covenant.
On the other hand, however, other members of the Committee are
of opinion that Article 4 gives the Assembly of the League absolute
liberty not only to regulate at will the method of election and the
duration of mandates but also to introduce any system of apportion-
ment of seats or of rotation calculated to increase the prestige of the
Council and to enable it to watch over the common interests of the
whole world in the best possible manner.
HI. Part of the Committee was of opinion that the fundamental
principle to which the Assembly should always adhere in selecting the
non-permanent Members of the Council is that those Members should
be chosen which are best fitted to carry out, in conjunction with the
permanent Members, the duties entrusted to the Council; the election
must always be a selection. With this object in view, especial considera-
tion should, amongst other things, be given to international political,
economic, social and financial relations of every sort, as well as to the
respective situations of the various States at the time of the election.
Other Members consider that, in order to ensure that the composition
of the Council is satisfactory, it is essential to guarantee to Members
of the League the certainty of obtaining a seat in turn, since without
this certainty there would be a risk that they would gradually cease
to take an interest in the work of the Council, and that the spirit of
co-operation would be weakened. For these reasons, they proposed
that the duration of the mandate of non-permanent Members of the
Council should be reduced to a short period—for example, two years—
in order to accelerate the rotation as much as possible, and to require
that a Member which had sat on the Council should not be re-elected
until all the other Members had also sat on the Council. This system
has been called the system of obligatory rotation.
Part of the Committee believes that this is incompatible with Article 4
of the Covenant. The system of free selection provided for in this
article would thus be replaced by the system of obligatory rotation.
The latitude of choice would be restricted from year to year, and would
indeed finish by disappearing altogether, because the Assembly would
ultimately only be able to appoint to the Council those Members who
had not yet been elected.
It was urged that justice as well as expediency requires that all the
Members of the League of Nations should in turn obtain a seat on the
Council, in order to be able to represent their views on matters of
international policy and to utilise their special knowledge concerning
the actual situation in different parts of the world. The majority,
however, considers that the appreciation of these elements should
always be left to the Assembly. The latter cannot therefore adopt a
rigid system, which is foreign to the Covenant, nor can it be bound
by any such principle as that of obligatory rotation. The Committee
has accordingly not adopted this system.
 — n8 —

Annex 8

INDEX
OF MATTERS DEALT WITH BY THE COUNCIL,
1920-1937
The figures refer to the Sessions of the Council.

Appointments, see page 128. Budget (continued).

Miscellaneous financial and budge-
Budget. tary questions, 3, 10, 12, 13, 14,
Accounting, 10, 12, 37, 48, 50, 69. 16, 18, 19, 25, 28, 29, 32-35, 39,
Allocation of expenses, 5, 8, 10, 11, 41, 46, 50, 60, 68.
12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 27, 30, Monetary Unit of the League of
32, 34- 37. 50, 54- 63, 69, 70, 73, Nations, Future, 5.
78, 79- Procedure relating to the adoption
Auditing of accounts, 5, 9, 12, 16, of the budget by the Assembly,
46, ST 55- 23-
Supervisory Commission, 14, 23, 24,
Budgetary provisions, 5, 8, 9, 10, 28, 29, 32, 34, 37, 40, 43- 45, 48,
13. 18, 50, 55, 56, 63, 73. 5°, 53, 55, 56, 63, 66, 73.
Communications and Transit Or- Transfers in the budget, Passim.
ganisation, Budget of, 25.
Contributions in arrears, 34, 35, 40, Buildings, League.
43, 46, 50, 56, 60, 64, 68, 76. Aerodrome, Construction of, 64.
Expenses of the League, Building Committee, 31, 56, 62, 63.
Memorandum by the United Conference Hall,
Kingdom delegation, 67. Proposal to erect a, 29, 30, 31,
Expenses of the Permanent Court 32, 33-
of International Justice, 18, 19. Council and Assembly halls,
Financial administration of the Arrangements in, 49, 47, 51,
League, 14, 21. 58, 59-
Gifts towards the building, decorat-
Financial position of the Interna- ing and furnishing of the new
tional Labour Office in respect buildings, 56, 61, 63.
of its relationship with the Hotel National, Purchase of, 9.
Secretariat of the League, 23. International Labour Office,
Financial position of the League, 16, Building of the, 25, 26.
18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, New Buildings,
32, 33. 34. 35. 37, 39, 4°, 73- Advisory Committee on invest-
Gifts to the League, 39, 49, 53, 55, ment of funds donated, 58,
56, 57. 58, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 78.
73, 78, 79, 92, 97. 98. Erection of, 35, 40, 43, 49, 50,
Latin-American Bureau, 55. 58, 66.
Budget, 23. Inauguration of new Council
Management of the funds of organ- Chamber, 94.
isations or missions placed Laying of foundation stone, 54.
under the auspices of the Property offered to the League by
League, 16. the Swiss authorities, 23.
 — ng —

Collaboration with China Communications and Transit

in matters of a technical character, [cont.).
Request of the Chinese Govern- Communications and Transit Orga-
ment, 63, 74. nisation, 5, 25, 26, 52, 58, 65, 99.
Special Committee to examine Relations with the Universal
the request, 74, 78, 89, 94, 99. Postal Union, 65.
Technical agent, 76. Communications with the League
Economic, of Nations at times of emer-
Visit to China of the Director gency, 43, 44, 46, 52, 57, 60, 64.
of the Economic and Finan- Identification marks on aircraft
cial Section and the Director effecting transport of import-
of the Transit Section, 62. ance to the League of
Health, Nations, 64.
Collaboration in health ques- Conference, Genoa, 17.
tions, 59. Conference on Communications and
Epidemic diseases in flooded Transit, First General (Barce-
districts, 65. lona, February 1921), 5, 8,
International Advisory Com- 11. 13-
mittee of Three, Conference on Communications and
Invitation to the Medical Transit, Second General, 24,
Director to serve on, 54. 27, 28.
Health conditions in ports and Conference on Communications and
maritime quarantine, 57. Transit, Third General, 44, 45,
Communications and Transit. 46.
Advisory and Technical Committee Conference on Communications and
for Communications and Tran- Transit, Fourth General, 62,
sit, 21, 34, 35, 37, 40, 43, 55, 90, 64, 66.
92. Customs formalities,
Air Navigation Commission, Inter- International Convention re-
national, 24, 32, 51. lating to the simplification
Air Traffic, of, 25, 27, 32, 66.
Customs exemption for liquid Danube Basin, Technical Hydraulic
fuel, 90. System,
Aviation, Commission of the, 13, 21, 26,
Civil, 61, 65, 66. 28, 34, 54. 78.
German Civil : Registration Danube, European Commission of
Lists, 44. the, 43, 49, 58-
Buoyage and lighting of coasts: Emigrants in Transit, Cards for, 54.
Unification, 58, 92. Freedom of Transit,
Calendar, Reform of the, 96, 97, 98. Convention, 49.
Gift of $10,000 (maximum) to Frontier traffic by rail, 90.
meet certain charges con- Hydrographic Bureau, Internation-
nected with the preparatory al, 14.
work for the Conference, 62. Identity documents for persons
Central Railway Transport Office without nationality, 44.
at Berne, Relations with, 26. Inland Navigation,
China, River Law applicable to navi-
Visit of the Director of the gation on the main systems
Transit Section, 62. of navigable waterways of
Communications and Transit, Pro- Central Europe, 58.
visional Committee on, 8. Level Crossings, Signals at, 90.
 120

Communications and Transit Communications and Transit

(cont.). (cont.).
Maritime Ports, Railway (cont.)
Convention on the internation- Zeltweg-Wolfsberg and Unter-
al regime of, 49. drauburg-Woellan, 67, 68, 73,
Passports, Customs facilities and 81, 94, 96, 97, 99.
through tickets, 10, 37. Zsebely-Csakovar-Boka, Local,
Simplification of System and 59, 61, 62, 63.
Customs Regulations, 10. Road Traffic,
European Conference, 61.
Pollution of the sea by oil, 84, 89, 94. Special Committee of Enquiry,
Public Works and National Equip- 34- 57-
ment, 65, 67, 68, 76. Unification of Statistics relating
Radiotelegraphy, international. to Accidents, 98.
Question of summoning a Con- Tonnage measurement in inland
ference on, 2|. navigation, 34, 35.
Railways, Arad-Csanad United, 39, Transit between Danzig, Poland
and Germany, Convention, 13.
42. 43- Transit, Waterways, Ports and
Railway, Railways,
Barcs-Pakrac, 70, 78. Obligations of the League in
of the Boldva Valley, 49, 52, regard to, 2.
5-1. 58. Transport by rail (1) of goods (2) of
Debreczen-Nagyvarad, Local, passengers and luggage; Inter-
49- national Conventions (Rome,
Dravavolgy, Local (Kiskoszeg- 1933). 90.
Siklos-Barcs), 59, 61, 62, 63. Transport of newspapers and perio-
of the Gyula District, Local, dicals, 56, 58.
61, 62. Treaty of Lausanne,
Gyulavideki-Helyi-Prdekii Va- Application of Article 107 (An-
sut, 67. drinople-Kulelu-Burgas Rail-
Halas-Bacsalmas-Rigyicza, Lo- way), 26, 28, 29, 30, 39, 44,
cal, 59, 61, 62, 63. 49, 54, 58, 62.
Haskovo-Mastanly, 42. Wireless Station,
Maramarosi Sovasut, Reszveny Agreement with the Swiss Fe-
Tarsasag 35, 42, 43, 44. deral Council concerning the
Nagykikinda-Aradi- Helyierde- establishment and operation
kii, Local, 56, 59, 61, 62. of, 61.
Radkersburg-Luttenberg, 70, Wireless Station of the League of
78- 79- Nations, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 58,
Sopron-Koszeg, Local, 47, 49, 63, 67.
5U 52. Constitution of the League of
Sopron-Pozsony, Local, 55, 63. Nations.
South East Hungary, Local Brazil and Spain,
(Delkeleti), 59, 61, 62, 63. Collaboration with the League,
South-West Hungary, Local, 49-
56. Colombia,
Szatmar-Fehergyarmat, Local, Accession of, 2.
49- Costa-Rica,
Szatmar-Mateszalka and Nagy- Collaboration of, 57.
karoly-Mdteszalka-Csap, Lo- Dominican Republic,
cal, 43. Request for admission, 30.
 121

Constitution of the League of Covenant (continued).

Nations (continued). Articles 11 and 16,
Ecuador, Questions relating to the appli-
Accession to the Covenant, 82. cation of — (To enable quick
Estonia, action by the League organs
Request for admission, 1, 4. in case of crisis), 43, 44, 46,
Ethiopia, 52, 57. 6°. 64-
Request for admission, 26. Articles n and 17,
Interpretation of — 16.
Germany,
Admission of, 33, 39. 42- Article 16,
Hungary, Application of — and the eco-
Request for admission, 13, 15. nomic weapon of the League,
Iraq, 16, 45-
Request for admission, 68. Economic and financial rela-
Ireland, tions of States, Collection of
Request for admission, 26. information on; with a view
Latvia, to an eventual application of
Request for admission, 5, 14. Article 16 of the Covenant,
Lithuania, 44. 49, 52-
Request for admission, 14. Preliminary measures relating
Luxemburg, to the application of — 8.
Request for admission, 5, 13. Article 18,
Switzerland, Appointment of a commission
Accession of, 2. to study the spirit and scope
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, of — 12.
Admission of, 81. Article 22,
Obligations of the L.o.N. under
Covenant. the terms of — 8, 11.
Amendments, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, Article 23,
Application, 8.
19. 3°. 3L 58, 59- Committee appointed to study the
Amendment of the Covenant of the
League of Nations, as a result procedure of conciliation pro-
of the General Adhesion of the posed by the Norwegian and
Members of the League to the Swedish governments, 16, 17,
Pact of Paris for the Renun- 18, 19.
ciation of War, 58, 59, 66. Decisions giving effect to the obli-
Application of the principles, 92. gations of the Covenant, 45-
Arbitration and Security Committee, Interpretation of various articles of
50. 59- the Covenant and other ques-
Article 4, tions relating to international
Amendment of, 21, 40. law, 26, 28, 35, 39.
Article 6,
1st amendment, 19, 27. Danzig.
2nd and 3rd amendments, 21. Access of Poland to the Sea through
Article 10, Danzig, 13.
Proposal for the amendment, Agreement between Poland and the
23, 25, 26, 52. Free City, 14, 16, 33, 34, 56,
Articles 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 63, 65.
Special Committee of jurists Anchorage for Polish War Vessels,
appointed by the Council re- 14, 16, 46, 48, 51, 66.
solution of Sept. 28th, 1923, Assembly of Representatives Elec-
26, 39. tions, 4.
 122

Danzig (continued). Danzig (continued).

Case of Puppel and the Deutsche International Labour Organisation,
Bauern Bank, 13, 14. Admission to, 59, 60.
Commercial Treaties between Po- Legal situation of State property,
land and other Countries af- officials and Polish ships in
fecting Danzig, 32. Danzig, 18.
Competence of the Polish Diplo- Manufacture of Arms at, 11, 12, 13.
matic Representative at Dan- Manufacture of Aircraft, 14, 18, 45,
zig — including the question 46.
of the right of the Polish Miscellaneous Questions, 12, 16, 19,
Government — to welcome 21, 23, 24, 26, 28, 32, 33, 34, 43,
foreign fleets at Danzig, 23. 44, 45, 90, 96, 97.
Conduct by Poland of the foreign Nationality, Acquisition and loss of,
relations of the Free City, 18. in, 13, 14, 16.
Constitution of the Free City, 10, 1 x, Petitions addressed to the League
12, 13, 16, 18, 40, 53, 60, 65, 78. of Nations by Nationals of the
Control and Administration of the Free City, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90.
Vistula, 16, 18, 21. Procedure, 34.
Customs Questions, 67, 70. Police of the Free City and Harbour
Defence, Police, 23, 71.
Protection by the League of Polish Military Guards in Danzig,
Nations, 13-
Guarantee of the Constitution Polish Nationals,
by the League, Expulsion of — from Danzig,
Functions confided to the 18.
League of Nations, 11, 12, Treatment, 63, 66.
13, 14, 86. Polish Postal Service, 33, 34, 35.
Direct Action, Question of, 67, 69, Polish Railways in Danzig, 32, 33,
70, 71. 46, 47, 49, 67, 69.
Direct judicial relations between Polish War Material Depot in
Danzig and Germany, 18. Danzig (Westerplatte), 13, 21,
Expulsion of Nationals from Poland, 27. 28, 34, 35, 37, 44, 45, 46, 47,
30, 32. 48, 5L 71-
Financial Situation of the Free City, Port,
13,14,21,23,24,25,26,42,43,44. Utilisation of, by Poland, 66,
General Situation. 25, 28, 92, 94, 96. 67, 76.
German Officials, 12. Visit of the Cruiser “ Leipzig ”,
High Commissioner, 93-
Appointments, Port and Waterways Board, 12, 18,
Attolico, M., 11. 24. 32, 33- 63.
Burckhardt, C., 96. Protection of the Interests in Poland
Gravina, Count, 52, 63. of Danzig Nationals and Organ-
Making, General, 11, 16. isations, 28, 30.
Lester, S., 77, 92. Relief given to Danzig Children by
McDonnell, M., 23, 26, 27, 32. the American Relief Adminis-
Resting, H., 69. tration, 21.
Tower, Sir Reginald, 2. Representation of the Free City at
Van Hamel, Dr., 37. International Conferences, 23,
Duties, 2. 32-
Right of Veto, 56. Settlement of questions on the
Time-limit for appeals against Council Agenda,
decisions, 13. Procedure for the, 24.
 — 123 —
Danzig (continued). Economic Work (continued).
State Loan and Municipality Loan, Economic and Financial Conference,
44, 45, 46, 48, 99. 11.
Transit Convention between —, Economic and Financial Organisa-
Poland and Germany, 13. tion, 5, 11, 47, 48, 49.
Economic Intelligence Service,
Economic Work. Offer of grant by the Rocke-
Albania, feller Foundation, 73.
Appointment of economic ex- European Union, 63, 64, 65.
perts for, 18, 23. Export of Hides, Skins and Bones,
Alcoholism, question of, 52. 50, 5i-
Austria, reconstruction of, 22, 23, Foreign Trade Statistics, 89.
35. 64. Foreigners and foreign enterprises,
Commerce, International Parlia- treatment of,
mentary Conference on. Colla- Conference, 55-58.
boration with the technical Draft Convention, 53.
organs of the League, 34. Import and Export,
Commercial Law, Unification of Abolition of prohibitions and
(Bills of Exchange, Promissory restrictions,
Notes and Cheques), Conference, 30, 45, 46, 48,
Conference, 58, 60, 63, 66. 5i, 58.
Draft Convention, 49, 52. Convention, 57.
Commercial Propaganda, “ Importer ” and “ Exporter ”,
Convention to facilitate, 88. Definition of the terms, 88.
Industrial Property,
Compensation and clearing agree- Convention for the protection
ments, 82, 86, 90. of, 84.
Concerted economic action. International Economic Conference,
Conferences with a view to, 59,
61, 62, 63. 37, 39, 4°, 43, 44, 45, 47-
Monetary and Economic Conference,
Conference of Genoa, 17, 18, 19. 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 76.
Customs Formalities, Monopolies, 10.
International Convention for Provisional Economic and Financial
the Simplification of, 25, 27, Commission, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
32, 66. 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26, 29.
Customs Tariffs, Public Works and National Equip-
Compulsory notification of pro- ment, 65, 67, 68, 76.
posed changes, 88. Raw materials,
Customs Truce, Committee of Enquiry, 96, 99.
International Conference with Report by Economic Com-
a view to, 58. mittee, 14.
Economic Committee, 10, 18, 21, 23, Report by Prof. Gini on raw
28, 29, 3°. 33» 34. 35. 39, 41- 43, materials and foodstuffs, 14,
45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 15-
56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 66, Resolutions adopted by the Assem-
68, 69, 70, 73, 77, 79, 81, 84, 86, bly, 57, 61 •
89, 90, 93, 96, 99- Statistics,
Economic Consultative Committee, Committee of Statistical Ex-
49, 5°, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, perts set up under the Con-
63, 65, 66. vention concerning Econo-
Economic Disputes, Friendly Settle- mic Statistics, 62, 63, 70, 78,
ment of, 68, 70. 79, 89, 96, 97-
 — 124 —

Economic Work (continued). Financial Work (continued).

Statistics (continued). Bulgaria (continued).
Convention concerning econo- Loan for settlement of Bulga-
mic statistics, 62, 78. rian refugees, 40, 41, 42, 43,
International Commission, 5, 44, 48, 49, 50, 66, 67.
8, 10. China,
International Conference of Visit of Director of Financial
Economic Statistics, 51, 52, and Economic Section to —,
62.
53. 54- Consultations on financial matters,
Tobacco, 69.
Problem of, 70.
Counterfeiting currency, 40, 41, 42,
U.S.S.R.,
Enquiry into existing economic, 43, 5U 54. 59, 60, 63.
Conference for suppression of,
financial, social and adminis-
trative conditions in, (1920), 54. 55-
Czechoslovakia,
3. 5. 6. Loan contract between the
Report on economic conditions
in, 23. Government of Czechoslo-
vakia and Messrs. Baring
Veterinary questions, Brothers, London, 18.
Draft Conventions, 84.
Danzig,
European Union. State and Municipal loans, 44,
Committee of Enquiry, 62, 63, 65, 45, 46, 48, 99.
66, 69, 70. Economic and financial Conference,
Stresa Conference, 69. 11.
Credit, Agricultural, 63. Economic and financial organisa-
International Agricultural tion, 5, 11, 47, 48, 49.
Mortgage Credit Company, Estonia,
63, 65, 66. Financial and budgetary sit-
Credit, Problem of, 63, 64. uation: Loan, 30, 33, 43,
Customs Union, Austro-German, 64. 44, 46, 49.
Tobacco, Problem of, 70. Financial Committee, 16, 29, 33, 34,
35, 37- 39, 4°. 42, 43, 44, 45* 46,
Financial Work. 49, 5°, 52, 53, 54- 56, 57, 59, 61,
Agricultural credits, 62, 63, 65. 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70,
Albania, 73, 77, 78, 79, 82, 84, 86, 89, 90,
Financial reconstruction, 18, 92, 93, 96, 97, 99-
23, 27, 28, 29, 30. Financial Section,
Assembly, Analytical investigations: Offer
Resolutions of Sept. 26th, 1931, of a grant from the Rocke-
65- feller Foundation, 73.
Austria, Fiscal Committee, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58,
Reconstruction of —, 22, 24, 59, 61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 71, 73, 77,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 78, 79, 82, 86, 89, 96, 97.
34. 35. 37. 39, 40, 4U 45, 47, Genoa Conference, 17, 19.
49, 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 73. Gold delegation, 67.
Bulgaria, Gold problem, 62.
Financial reconstruction of, Greece,
and Stabilisation loan, 46, 48, Refugee loan,
49, 5°. 52, 53, 66, 67, 73, Stabilisation loan,
82, 96. 25, 48, 49, 5°, 52, 73-
 — 125 —

Financial Work (continued). Health.

Guatemala, Alcoholism, 52.
Reorganisation of fiscal system, American countries,
Conference on Rural Hygiene
77- for, 97.
Hungary,
Financial reconstruction, 26, Biological Standardisation, 90.
27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34- 35. Bolivia,
37. 39. 4°. 41’ 44> 48, 49. 64, Reorganisation of Health Ser-
65. 73- vice, 56.
International credits, Proposals for, Chile,
11, 63, 64. Popular nutrition in, 67.
International financial Conference, China,
3, 5. 7. 8> 9. IO- Collaboration in health mat-
International loan contracts, 89, 90. ters, 59-
International Parliamentary Con- Epidemic diseases in flooded
ference on Commerce, regions, 65.
Collaboration 'with technical Health conditions in ports and
organs of the League, 34. maritime quarantine, 57.
League loans Committee, London, International Advisory Health
69. Council, Invitation to the
Mandates, Medical Director, 54.
Loans, advances and invest- Epidemic diseases
ments of private capital in in Central and Western Europe,
mandated territories, 33. 3, 5. 13-
Monetary and banking laws, Publi- in China, 65.
cation of: Gift of Sw. frs. Epidemic Commission, 26.
200,000 offered by Rockefeller Europe,
Foundation, 56. Epidemic diseases in Central
Monetary and Economic Conference, and Western, 3, 5, 13.
67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 76. Europe, Central and Western,
Portugal, Epidemic diseases, European
Financial reconstruction, 48, 49. Health Conference at War-
Provisional Economic and Financial saw, 17, 18, 19.
Committee, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26, 29. Greece,
Public Ottoman Debt, 32. Malaria in, 65.
Reorgan is ation of Public
Roumania, Health, 53, 55.
Agreement for technical colla-
boration, 70, 73. Health Committee, 16, 21, 23, 25,
Saar, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 37, 40,
Governing Commission loan, 41, 43, 44, 45, 47. 48. 50. 53. 55.
53. 54. 55. 56. 65. 56, 57, 59. 62, 63, 66, 70, 73,
Securities, 78, 79, 81, 84, 86, 90, 92, 93, 96,
Repression of counterfeiting, 97. 99-
97- Health Organisation, 2, 8, 12, 13,
Taxation, 25. 3?, 35- 49. 5°. 56, 59. 60, 82,
Conference on double taxation 84, 96.
and tax evasion, 53. International Health Confer-
Unification of currencies, 21. ence, 35.
Upper Silesia, Work to be undertaken in
Miners’ insurance funds, trans- execution of the resolutions
fer of, 58. of the Sixth Assembly, 35.
 — 126 —

Health (continued). Intellectual Co-operation (cont.).

Latin America, Broadcasting,
Technical Enquiries in (Infant Use of, in the interests of
mortality, Centre for Study Peace, 78, 90, 92, 94.
of Leprosy), 49. Chalcographical Committee, 43.
Leprosy, Cinematograph,
International Centre for Study Convention to facilitate the
of, 49, 64. international circulation of
Malaria educational films, 59, 69, 74,
Commission, 33. 77-
— in Greece, 65. Conventions of 1886, 28, 45.
Mediterranean, Western,
Committee of Enquiry into the Exchanges of professors and stu-
Epidemiological Situation, dents :
19- (1) Offer of $5,000 by the
Mortality, infant, American Council on Educa-
Conference at Montevideo, 45, tion ;
46. (2) Offer of $4,000 by the
Nutrition, 89, 96. same, 49, 53.
Pharmacopoeiae, Permanent Secre- Intellectual Property — Protection
tariat for the Unification of, 56. of, 53-
Poland, International Committee on Intel-
Sanitary Convention with Lat- lectual Co-operation, 16, 18, 21,
via, 19. 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 3°. 34- 35- 37.
Typhus in, 3, 7, 8, 10. 39, 40, 41, 43, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52,
Rockefeller Foundation, 46, 49, 50, 53. 56, 59. 60, 62, 64, 68, 76, 77,
51, 56, 60, 64, 79, 84. 78, 82, 86, 88, 89, 92, 93, 97, 98.
Rural Hygiene International Educational Cinema-
in American Countries, 97. tographic Institute, Rome, 47,
European Conference on, 61, 49, 51, 52. 54, 58. 61, 62, 63, 64,
62, 64, 96. 66, 70, 73, 78, 81.
Intergovernmental Conference International Institute of Agricul-
of Far-Eastern Countries ture, Rome, 50, 61, 68.
(Java, August, 1937). 99- International Institute for Intel-
School for Advanced Health Stu- lectual Co-operation, 30, 41, 60,
dies, International, 61. 93, 98.
Singapore Bureau of the Health Organisation of Intellectual Co-
Organisation, 50, 51, 56, 60, 64, operation, 68.
67, 98.
Sleeping sickness, 34, 53. Plan for an Intellectual Labour
Committee, 51, 56, 59. Organisation, 12, 16.
Typhus, Press,
in Eastern Europe, 3, 5, 7, 8, Collaboration of the, 35, 37,
10, 12-14, 16, 39, 4°. 44, 45- 46, 48, 65,
in Poland, 3, 7, 8, 10. 68, 78, 82.
Venereal diseases, 10. News agencies, Committee on,
41, 78.
Intellectual Co-operation. School text-books, 90.
Architects, Scientific property, 50.
International Committee of Youth, Instruction of, in the aims
Architects, creation of, 70, of the League of Nations, 35,
76- 44, 60, 61, 62, 63.
 — 127 —

International Labour Organisation Legal Questions.

Advisory Committee of Intellectual Application of the principles of the
Workers to be founded by the Covenant, 92.
I.L.O., 45. Arbitration,
Appointment of the Netherlands Enforcement of arbitral awards
workers’ delegate to the Third abroad, 45, 48.
International Labour Confer- Arms and war material,
ence, 18. Supplies to belligerents; ques-
Competence on questions of agri- tion of prohibition, 82, 94.
cultural labour, 16, 18, 19. Blockade, 12, 13, 45.
Danzig, accession of, 59, 60. Codification of certain conventions,
Economic and financial crisis. 58.
Resolution adopted by the Codification of international law,
International Labour Con- First conference of, 47, 54, 57,
ference, 67. 59-
I.L.O., Codification of international private
Representation on the Perma- law, 35.
nent Mandates Commission, Collective security,
11. Committee of Thirteen, 85, 88.
I.L.O. reports submitted to the Contributions in arrears,
Assembly, 32. Legal position of States which
International Labour Conference, fail to pay their contribu-
29, 67, 96. tions, 43, 44.
International Labour Organisation, Eastern Galicia,
I.L.O. Attendance of the Direc- Legal Status of, 14, 21.
tor at Council meetings, 12, 18. Financial assistance in favour of a
Personal work of employer. State victim of aggression, 44,
Question submitted by the 45, 46- 52, 57, 61, 62.
Governing Body of the I.L.O. Inter-American Conference for the
to the Council of the League, Consolidation of Peace (De-
39, 40- cember 1936), 98.
Question of the eight most impor- International Institute for the uni-
tant industrial States. Request fication of private law, 30, 34,
submitted by the Indian dele- 39, 44, 45, 52, 57, 70, 8l> 84, 89,
gate, 8, 21. 90, 92.
Thomas, Albert, Interpretation of various articles of
Director of the I.L.O., the Covenant and other ques-
Tribute to the memory of, 67. tions of international law, 26,
U.S.S.R., 28, 35, 39.
Relations of the I.L.O. with Iraq,
the Commission of Enquiry Declaration of May 30th, 1932,
in the —, 3, 5. 67. 93-
Women, Employment during the Locarno Treaties,
night, Deposited in the League ar-
Convention concerning the re- chives, 37.
quest submitted by the Go- Rearmament of Germany,
verning Body of the I.L.O. 85, 91, 92, 94, 96, 97, 99.
with a view to obtaining an Means of preventing war,
advisory opinion of the Per- General convention to improve,
manent Couit of Interna- 62, 63, 65, 67.
tional Justice, 67, 70. Model treaties to improve, 57.
 — 128 —

Legal Questions (continued). Appointments (continued).

Mixed tribunals, 18, 23, 24, 26, 29, Attolico, M.,
30, 31, 32, 39. 44- 45. 47. 48. 49. High Commissioner (tempora-
50, 51. 53. 54- 55. 56. 57- 58. 59. ry) in the Free City of Danzig
99. 11, 12.
Non-aggression and conciliation, Under Secretary-General, 2, 37.
Passage of police troops through Avenol, Joseph,
Switzerland, 12. Deputy Secretary-General, 23,
Treaty of Rio de Janeiro (10th Secretary-General, 37, 57, 69,
October 1933). 78- 74-
Penal administration, 56, 57, 58, Azcarate y Florez, P. de,
61. Deputy Secretary-General, 73.
Progressive codification of interna- Buero, S. A.,
tional law, 32, 40, 44, 45, 48, Legal Adviser, 46, 82.
Burckhardt, C.,
5°. 5i. 53, 54, 55, 62. High Commissioner in Danzig,
Protocol for the pacific settlement 96.
of international disputes, 3°-33> Calender, F.,
55- President of the Mixed Com-
Ratification by Czechoslovakia, mission in Upper Silesia, 18,
31- 24, 61.
Questions concerning the establish- Drummond, Sir Eric,
ment of a wireless station for Portrait of,
the purpose of ensuring inde- Tribute to, on the occasion of
pendent communications for his leaving the Secretariat,
the League in time of emer-
gency, 54. 73. 81.
Dufour-Feronce, A.,
Ratification, Under Secretary-General, 43.
A greements and conventions
concluded under the auspices 63, 67, 69.
of the League, Gravina, Count Manfredi,
Signature and ratification of, High Commissioner in Danzig,
43, 44, 46, 49, 50, 51, 54, 52. 63.
56, 58, 59, 63, 66, 68, 70, Haking, General,
76, 81, 84, 88, 94, 97. High Commissioner in Danzig,
Registration of treaties, 5, 11, 11.
12. Van Hamel, Dr.,
Ratifications, High Commissioner in Danzig,
Periodical publication of signa- 37-
tures, accession to and rati- Knox, Mr.,
fications of certain conven- President, Governing Commis-
tions deposited in the League sion of the Saar Basin, 66, 70.
archives, 27, 66. Lester, Sean,
Terrorism, High Commissioner in Danzig,
Repression of, 83, 90, 97. 77-
Treaties, MacDonnell, Mr.,
Form of — to be negotiated in High Commissioner in Danzig,
the future under the auspices 23, 26, 27, 32.
of the League, 44. Monnet, Jean,
Appointments. Under Secretary-General, 5.
Anzilotti, Comm., Nitobe, Dr. Anazo,
Under Secretary-General, 5. Under Secretary-General, 5.
 — 129 —

Appointments (continued). Mandates (continued).

Paulucci de’ Calboli Barone, Marquis, Health Conditions in Mandated
Under Secretary-General, 44, Territories, 27.
63, 67. 69. Iraq, 15, 30, 39, 40, 61, 64, 66,
Pilotti, M., 67, 68 (Termination),
Deputy Secretary-General, 73. Assyrian Community,
Under Secretary-General, 69. Petitions, 69.
Podesta Costa, M., Frontier between ... and Syria,
Legal Adviser, 86, 88. Delimitation, 65, 68, 69, 74.
Rault, M., Judicial system, 54, 67.
President, Governing Commis- Loans, Advances and Investment
sion of the Saar Basin, 2, 16, of Private Capital in the Man-
23, 27, 28, 33, 39. dated Territories, 33.
Rosenberg, M., A Mandates, 12, 13, 14, 19.
Under .Secretary-General, 83,84. B Mandates, 12, 13, 14, 19.
Resting, Helmer, Mandates Question, The, 19.
High Commissioner ad int. in
Danzig, 69, 70. Mandatory Powers,
Sokoline, V. Note to, 14.
Under Secretary-General, 97. Reports of, 13.
Stephens, Mr., Military Recruiting, State Domain,
President, Governing Commis- Liquor Traffic, 40, 48.
sion of the Saar Basin, 39. National Status of inhabitants of
Sugimura, J., B and C Mandated Territories,
Under Secretary-General,43,63. 16, 18, 21, 24.
Tower, Sir Reginald, New Guinea, 30.
High Commissioner in Danzig, 2. Obligations of the League of Na-
Trendelenburg, M., tions under Article 22 of the
Under Secretary-General, 69. Covenant, 8.
Walters, F. P„ Palestine, 16, 18, 20, 21, 26, 58, 59,
Under Secretary-General, 73. 79, 98.
Wilson, Sir Ernest, Holy Places, 20.
President, Governing Commis- Status, 98.
sion of the Saar Basin, Wailing Wall, 58, 59.
45. 49. 53- Permanent Commission, 10, 11, 12,
Library . 13, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 27, 29,
Building of a library, 49. 30, 32, 35. 37, 39, 4°, 4i. 43, 44.
Commission of Experts on Libraries 46, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54- 57, 58, 59,
of Secretariat and I.L.O., 23, 24. 60, 62, 64, 66, 70, 76, 78, 84,
Gift (500 Sw. frs.) from M. Macedo 86, 88, 90, 93, 96, 97, 98.
Soares, 39. Petitions from inhabitants of man-
Gift from John D. Rockefeller, junr., dated territories, 21, 23, 43,
49- 44, 69.
Offer from an American group to Prostitution in Mandated Terri-
build and establish —, 46. tories, 10.
Mandates. Ruanda-Urundi, 26, 37, 86.
British drafts for certain former South-West Africa, 57, 58.
German possessions, 11. Syria,
Draft for Japanese Mandate C, 11. Appeal of the King of the Hedj az
Conventions, international, on the subject of certain mea-
Application of, to Mandated sures taken by the French au-
Territories, 34. thorities at Damascus, 8,11.
 130

Mandates (continued) . Minorities (contin ued).

Greece,
Syria, Iraq, Minorities in, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33,
Objections of the King of the 34- 35. 37. 40. 42, 50.
Hedjaz to the regime in, 8, n. Hungarian and Bulgarian,
Syria and Lebanon, Minorities of, origin, Communi-
Frontier between ... and Pales- cation from the Genoa
tine (Western Section), 79. Conference, 19.
Postponement of the Deposit of Hungary,
the Organic Statute, 42, 44. Jewish minorities in, 21, 37.
Syria — Transjordan, Iraq,
Franco-British Agreement con- Protection of Minorities in,
cerning the Syrian-Jebel- Settlement of the Assyrians of,
Druze-Transjordan frontier, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 84, 85,
66. 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 99-
Tanganyika, 26, 37, 86, 96. Situation of the Assyrian Mi-
Frontier between — and Mo- nority, 76, 77.
zambique, 96. Latvia,
Transjordan, 98. Minorities in, 16, 18, 21, 23, 24,
25, 26.
Minorities. Lithuania,
Albania, Minorities in, 16, 18, 25, 27, 34,
Minorities in, 12, 13, 14, 18, 35. 55. 56, 57. 58.
21, 25, 26, 84, 86, 89, 90, 92. Petitions and communications con-
Assembly, cerning minorities,
Resolution adopted by the Procedure and receivability,
Sixth, 37. 34. 50, 5U 54- 55. 62.
Resolution adopted by the Poland,
Tenth, Minorities in, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23,
Committee of Three, 54, 55. 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 55,
Resolution adopted by the 56, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 69,
Fourteenth, 78. 70, 79, 82, 84.
Bulgaria, Acquisition of Polish nation-
Minorities in, 30. ality, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 34.
Cilicia, Execution of Agrarian Re-
Situation of the Armenians in, form, 67, 69, 70.
16. Treaty with, concerning mi-
Czechoslovakia, norities, 2.
Autonomous Territory of the Roumania,
Ruthenes to the South of the Minorities in, 24, 34, 35, 37- 44.
Carpathians, 24. 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 96, 97.
Minorities in, 17. Turkey,
Estonia, Minorities in, 3, 4, 24, 30, 32,
Minorities in, 16, 21, 23, 25, 26. 33- 34. 35. 37-
Finland, Upper Silesia,
Minorities in, 12, 13, 14. Cessation of the activities of
Eastern Galicia, the Mixed Commission and
Petition from the inhabitants of the Arbitral Tribunal, 99-
of, 12, 21. Minorities in, 16, 19, 39. 44. 48.
Germany, 49. 5°. 5U 52> 53. 54. 55. 57.
Minorities in, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65,
Petition from the Polish 66, 67, 69, 70, 73, 76, 77,
Union, 42. 78, 82, 84, 90.
Minorities (continued). Miscellaneous (continued).
Vilna, Clan, M.,
Protection of Non-Polish Tribute to the memory of, 68.
Elements in, 23, 50, 51. Criminal Police Commission, Inter-
Yugoslavia, national, 53.
Minorities in, n, 76, 77. Destree, M. Jules,
Miscellaneous. Tribute to the memory of, 90.
Dr. Darling, Dr. Norman Lothian
Adatci, M. and Mile. Besson, victims of an
Tribute to the memory of, 84. accident during a mission in
Agriculture, International Commit- Syria, Tribute to the memory
tee of, 23. of, 34-
Alliance, World, for International Dollfuss, M., Federal Chancellor of
Friendship through the Chur- the Republic of Austria,
ches, 21. Expression of sympathy, 77.
Amador, M., Representative of Doumer, M. Paul,
Panama, Tribute to the memory of, 67.
Tribute to the memory of, 79.
Apponyi, Count Albert, Earthquake in India, 78.
Offer of a portrait, 77. Earthquake in Japan, 44.
Association for Life Saving and Edward VIII, H.M. King, thanks
First Aid to the injured, Inter- to, 91.
national, 58. Espinosa de Los Monteros, Colonel,
Association for promotion of Child Member of the Saar Basin
Welfare, International, Governing Commission,
Relations with the League of Tribute to the memory of, 30.
Nations, 21, 24, 27, 28. Exhibitions Bureau, International,
Associations, International, 8, 25, 63-
26, 27. Farrar, Dr.,
Associations, National, in support Died of typhus at Moscow,
of the League of Nations, Tribute to the memory of, 16.
Message to the Conference of, 5. Fatio, M. Guillaume,
Benes, M. Edouard, Presentation to, 12, 13.
Congratulations on the occa- Ferdinand, King of Roumania,
sion of his election to the Death, 46.
Presidency of the Czecho- George V,
slovak Republic, 89. Tribute to the Memory of His
Bernard, Professor Leon, Majesty King, 90.
Tribute to the memory of, 81. Gomez, General Juan Vicente,
Branting, M. President of the United States
Tribute to the memory of, 33. of Venezuela,
Briand, M., Tribute to the Memory of, 89.
Tribute to the memory of, 66. Gravina, Count Manfredi,.
Bureaux, International, 13. Tribute to the Memory of, 68.
Cecil of Chelwood, Viscount, Haas, Robert,
Presentation of portrait of, 73. Tribute to the Memory of, 90.
Chagas, Professor Carlos, Henderson, Arthur,
Tribute to the memory of, 84. Tribute to the Memory of, 90.
Chamberlain, Sir Austen, Hydrographic Bureau, Interna-
Tribute to the memory of, 9.7 tional, 14.
 — 132 —
Miscellaneous (continued). Miscellaneous (continued).
International Bureaux, Skrzynski,
International House Property Tribute to the Memory of
Union, 39. Count, 65.
International Institute of Com- Sokal, M. Fran5ois,
merce, 21. Tribute to the Memory of, 66.
International Wine Office, 59. Stresemann,
Inukai, Representation of the Council
Tribute to the Memory of M. —, at the unveiling of the Monu-
Prime Minister of Japan, 67. ment to the memory of, 63.
Loucheur, Tribute to the Memory of Dr., 58.
Tribute to the Memory of M., 65. Thomas, Albert,
Markinovitch, Voislav, Tribute to the Memory of M., 67.
Tribute to the Memory of M., 89. Trade Unions, International Fede-
Municipal Co-operation, Interna- ration of,
tional, 37. Letters concerning the deter-
Nansen, mination of the frontier
Memorial Fund, 63. between Poland and East
Tribute to the Memory of Dr., 59, Prussia, 11.
Nobel Prize, Union of International Associations,
Award of — to M. Briand, 24, 56.
Sir Austen Chamberlain and Universal Postal Union, 65.
Dr. Stresemann, 43. Uruguay,
Pasteur, Centenary of Independence,
Representation of League at Representation of League at
Centenary of, 24. festivities, 61.
Press, Venizelos, M.
Conference of Experts, 44, 45, Tribute to the memory of, 91.
46, 55- Wateler,
Status of Journalists accredited Peace Prize, 86.
to the League of Nations, 96. Werner, Georges,
Van Rees, Chairman of the Governing
Tribute to the Memory of, 84. Body of the Nansen Inter-
Restrepo, Antonio Jose, national Office for Refugees,
Permanent Delegate of Co- Tribute to the memory of,
lombia, 84.
Death of, 71. Wilson,
de Reynier, Offer of a bust of President, 42.
Tribute to the Memory of Tribute to the memory of Pre-
Colonel, 66. sident, 28.
Rivas Vicuna,
Tribute to the Memory of M., 98. Opium and Dangerous Drugs.
Rockefeller, Advisory Committee on Traffic in
Foundation, 21, 41, 46, 49, 50, Opium and other Dangerous
51, 56, 59, 60, 64, 73, 79. 84. Drugs, 12, 13, 19. 21, 23, 25,
Gift for the Library, 49. 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 37. 39, 4°- 4L
Salandra, 43, 44, 48, 49, 50, 54, 59, 62, 63,
Tribute to the Memory of M., 65. 67, 73, 76, 78, 79, 81, 84, 86, 88,
School of Law, International, 93, 96, 98.
Proposal for a subsidy to, 11. Arms, munitions and war material
Scialoja, Vittorio, and narcotic drugs — Trade
Gift of a Bust, 82. and manufacture of: Similarity
Tribute to the Memory of, 78. between the two questions, 73.
 — 133 —

Opium and Dangerous Drugs Organisation (continued).

(continued). Advisory Committee of Experts on
Egypt, Slavery, 78, 86, 92, 96, 97.
Gift from the Egyptian Go- Advisory Committee on Social
vernment, 64. Questions, 96, 97.
Far East, Advisory Committee on Traffic in
Conference for Suppression of Opium and other dangerous
opium-smoking, 63, 66. drugs, 12, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 28,
Opium-smoking in the Far East:
Enquiry into, 51, 53. 54. 62• 3°, 32, 34, 35. 37. 39, 4°, 41, 43,
44, 48-50, 54, 59, 62, 63, 67, 73,
Illicit traffic, 76, 78, 79, 81, 84, 86, 88, 93, 96,
International Conference for 98.
the suppression of — in
dangerous drugs, 93. Assembly,
Convention, 73, 79, 86, 89, 90. Convocation of the first ..., 5,
Iran, 6, 7-
Poppy cultivation in, 35, 37, Building Committee, 30, 31, 56, 62,
40, 44. 63-
Limitation of manufacture, Commission of Enquiry for Euro-
Convention for limiting the pean Union, 62,63,65,66,69,70.
manufacture and regulating Committee appointed to study the
the distribution of narcotic questions entrusted to the
drugs, 66, 69, 86, 89, 90, 93. Section of Administrative Com-
Limitation of the manufacture of missions of the Secretariat, 23.
narcotic drugs, Conference for
the, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64. Committee on Allocation of Expen-
Opium, ses, 16, 23, 27, 30, 32, 34, 37,
First Convention, 1912, 39. 50, 54, 63, 69, 70, 73, 78, 79.
First Opium Conference, 28, 32, Committees,
33- Constitution, practice and pro-
Second Convention, 1925, 45, cedure of, 82, 84, 90, 92, 93,
5L 56. 96, 97, 99-
Second Opium Conference, 30, Communications and Transit Or-
3L 33. 35- ganisation, 5, 25, 26, 52, 58,
Traffic in, 14, 16, 18, 21, 26, 65, 99-
35. 37. 5L 56, 57. 58, 61, 64. Council, 21, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
Permanent Central OpiumBoard, 51, 66, 77, 87, 88, 89, 92, 94.
52. 53. 54. 55- 58, 59, 62, 64, 66, Constitution, 1.
68, 76, 77, 82, 84, 86, 89, 92, Inauguration of the new Coun-
93- 94- 96. cil room, 94.
Supervisory Body, 90. Participation of Brazil in the
work of ..., 40.
Organisation. Procedure, 2, 14, 62, 63, 78,
Administrative tribunal, 48, 53, 57, 83, 84, 90, 97.
61, 65, 69, 77, 79, 82, 89, 92, Procedure to be adopted in
94. 98. answering petitions, 40.
Advisory Commission for the Pro- Publicity of meetings of the ....
tection and Welfare of Children 12, 13, 14, 16, 19.
and Young People, 13, 32, 35, Reduction in the annual num-
37, 4°. 43, 5L 52, 53, 57, 62, 73, ber of sessions, 44, 45, 48, 49,
77, 79, 86. 52, 53, 56.
 — 134
Organisation (continued). Organisation (continued).
Council (continued), Nansen International Office for
Relations with the Assembly, Refugees, 61, 62, 65, 69, 70,
8, xo, 13. 73, 77, 84, 88, 97.
Representation of Czechoslo- Permanent Advisory Commission
vakia on the Council during for Military, Naval and Air
the discussion of the Questions, 5, 7, 8, 10-14, I8,
Austrian problem, 22. 23, 24, 26, 39.
Rules of procedure, 5, 10, 11, Permanent Advisory Committee on
12, 70, 73, 83, 84, 90. Traffic in Women and Children,
Tenth anniversary, 58. 16, 18, 19, 2i, 24, 27, 29, 33, 34.
Permanent Central Opium Board,
Economic and Financial Committee,
10. 51-55, 58, 59, 62, 64, 66, 68, 76,
77, 82, 84, 89, 92-94, 96.
Economic and Financial Organisa- Supervisory Body, 90.
tion, 5, 11, 47, 48, 49. Permanent Mandates Commission,
Health Organisation, 2, 8, 12, 13, 10-14, I6, 19, 21, 23, 26, 27, 29,
25. 32, 35. 49, 50, 56, 59, 60, 30, 32, 35, 37, 39-4L 43, 44, 46,
82, 84, 96. 49-5L 53, 54, 57-6o, 62, 64, 66,
Institutes and bodies set up under 70, 76, 78, 84, 86, 88, 90, 93,
the authority of the League; 96-98.
Relations with — 48, 50. Provisional Economic and Financial
Intellectual Co-operation Organ- Committee, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
isation, 68. 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26, 29.
International Administration, Ad- Secretariat,
visory Committee, Administrative questions, Pas-
Danzig and the Saar, 24, 25, 26. sim.
International Centre for the study Appointment, promotion and
of Leprosy, 64. resignation of staff. Passim.
International Committee on Intel- Committee of Enquiry on the
lectual Co-operation, 16, 18, 21, I.L.O. organisation, 12, 13.
23, 24, 26, 28-30, 34, 35, 37, 39, Declaration of loyalty, 81, 84,
40, 41, 43, 45, 46, 50-54, 56, 59, 92, 93, 96, 97-
60, 62, 64, 68, 76-78, 82, 86, 88, Diplomatic immunities of the
League and I.L.O. personnel,
89, 92, 93, 97- 98. Regime of — 39, 42.
International Educational Cinema- Pensions Fund, 62, 69, 79, 96.
tographic Institute, Rome, 47, Present conditions of work in
49, 5L 52, 54- 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, the — 43, 45.
64, 66, 70, 73, 78, 81. Salaries: Cost of living in
International Institute of Agricul- Geneva, Pensions and Pro-
ture, Rome, 50, 61, 68. vident funds, 23, 30, 35, 42,
International Institute of Intellec- 47, 52.
tual Co-operation, 30, 41, 60, Special passports to members
93, 98. of the Secretariat and League
International Institute for the agents, 9, 10.
Unification of Private Law, 30, Staff, organisation, 5.
34- 39, 44, 45, 52, 57, 7°, 81, 84, Staff Provident Fund, 30, 31,
89, 90, 92. 32, 34. 39, 42, 43, 44- 48, 49,
Latin America Liaison Office, 18. 53. 54- 58, 62, 66, 69, 70,
L.o.N. London and Paris Offices, 78, 79, 86, 90, 96.
Provisional maintenance of, 11. Transfer to Geneva, 8.
 — 135 —
Organisation (continued). Political (continued).
Supervisory Commission, 14, 23, 24, Albania, Yugoslavia and Greece,
28, 29, 32, 34, 37, 40, 43, 45, 48, Delimitation and alleged vio-
5°. 53- 55. 56, 66, 73. lations of the Albanian fron-
Temporary Committee on Slavery,29. tier, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23,
24, 29, 30.
Permanent Court of International Armenia,
Justice. Protection of, 3, 4, 5, 9, io. 1L
Advisory opinions, 21, 37, 40, 49, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21.
51, 53. 58, 59, 60, 67, 70, 90, 96. Austro-German Customs Union,
Amendments to the Statute, 53, 55,
56, 59, 60, 90. Protocol for the establishment
Committee of jurists appointed to of an Austro-German Cus-
prepare a draft constitution of toms union, 63, 64.
the Court, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8. Austria — Hungary,
Conditions under which the Court Frontier between Austria and
will be accessible to States not Hungary (Burgenland), 14,19,21.
Members of the League and to Austria and Poland,
States not mentioned in the Dispute between — on the ques-
Annex to the Covenant, 18. tion of Galician refugees, 12.
Election of judges, 24, 26, 51, 57, Austria — Yugoslavia,
62, 84, 89, 90, 92, 93, 97, 98. Threat of liquidation of the
External status of the members of property of Austrian nation-
the P.C.I.J., 49, 5°- als in Yugoslavia, 13.
Organisation, 2, 10. Bolivia — Paraguay,
Pensions for the personnel of the Question of the Gran Chaco,
Court, 16, 30. 53, 59, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,
Rank and title of judges of the
Court, 18. 74, 75- 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81,
82, 84, 90.
Remuneration, emoluments and
pensions of the President and Bulgaria — Greece, Roumania,
members of the Court, 11, 18, Yugoslavia,
Incursions of bands into the
19, 25, 57, 62, 63. frontier district bordering
Reports to the Assembly, 32.
Representation of the President of upon Bulgaria, 19.
the Court at Council meetings, China — Japan,
18. Sino-Japanese Conflict, 65, 66,
Requests for appeal in respect of 67, 68, 69, 98.
international arbitral tribunals, Colombia — Peru,
58, 60. Dispute (Leticia Question), 70,
Salary and pension of the Registrar, 71, 73, 78, 79-
18, 19, 21, 57, 59, 61, 62, 63, 94. Costa-Rica — Panama,
Statute, 11, 12. Dispute, 12.
Signatures of, 12, 13, 14, 16. Czechoslovakia,
United States of America, Situation at Teschen, 6.
Accession to the Protocol of Czechoslovakia, Roumania, Yugo-
Signature of the Statute of slavia, Hungary,
the Court, 39, 40, 54, 55, 56. Szent-Gotthard incident, 49, 50.
Political.
Albania — Greece, Ethiopia — Italy,
Albanian Minorities in Greece, Dispute, 84, 86, 87,88,89,90,91.
3°, 32, 42, 5°- Eupen and Malmedy, 5, 9, 10, 11,12.
 136
Political (continued). Political (continued).
Finland — United Kingdom, Iraq,
Finnish ships used during the Modification of its declaration
war by the United Kingdom to the L.o.N. of May 30th,
Government, 64, 65, 66, 1932, 93-
67, 79, 82, 84, 86, 88. Question of ..., 29.
Finland — Sweden, Settlement of the Assyrians of,
Aaland Islands, Question of 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 85, 88,
the, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16. 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 99.
Finland — U.S.S.R., Iraq — Iran,
Eastern Carelia, 16, 23, 24, 26. River and land frontier, 84, 86,
France — United Kingdom, 89, 98.
Nationality Decrees — Tunis
and Morocco, 21. Iraq — U.S.S.R.,
Germany, Enzeli Case, 6.
Rearmament of, 85. Liberia,
Germany — Poland, Assistance to, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67,
Poland and East Prussia, 69, 7°. 73. 76, 77. 78- 79-
Frontier between, 11. Lithuania,
Upper Silesia, Memel, Question of ... territory,
Frontier between Germany 27. 28> 35. 4U 42, 45. 61, 62,
and Poland, 14, 16, 18. 63, 66.
Greece — Bulgaria, Lithuania and Poland,
Frontier incident (Demir Kapu), Dispute, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
36, 37- 39, 42, 47, 49- 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 39, 48,
Rhodope Forests, 61, 73, 82. 49, 50, 5i, 53. 61, 62, 63, 66.
Greece — Germany,
Question of the cruiser “ Sala- Locarno,
mis ”, 46, 47. Treaty of ..., 85, 91, 92, 94, 96,
Greece — Italy, 97. 99-
Corfu incident, 26. Pan-American Conference of San-
Greece — Turkey, tiago, 23.
Delimitation of frontier (Ma- Peru — Chile,
ritsa question), 39. Question of Tacna and Arica,
Expulsion of the (Ecumenical 55-
Patriarch, 33, 34. Poland — Czechoslovakia,
Guatemala — Honduras, Frontier (Question of Jawor-
Dispute, 71. zine), 26, 27, 28.
Hungary, Roumania — Hungary,
Question of counterfeiting cur- Roumano - Hungarian Mixed
rency, 40-42, 43, 51. Arbitral Tribunal: Request
Hungary — Czechoslovakia,
Frontier, Delimitation of of the Roumanian Govern-
ment and application by the
23, 24. Hungarian Government, 44,
Hungary — Roumania, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53,
Expropriation by the Rouma-
nian Government of the im- 54. 55. 56, 57, 58, 59-
movable property of Hun- Spain,
garian optants, 24, 25. Appeal by the Spanish Go-
Hungary — Yugoslavia, vernment, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99.
Frontier, Delimitation of the, Straits,
16, 19, 21. Commission, Convention, 35,
Frontier incidents, 80. 40, 45, 50.
 137 —
Political (continued). Reduction of Armaments (cont.).
Switzerland, Armaments Truce, 65.
Reparation to Swiss citizens for Arms, ammunition and implements
damages incurred during the of war,
war, 82, 84, 86. Supplies to belligerents: ques-
Turkey — France, tion of prohibiting, 82, 94.
Alexandretta and Antioch, Arms and Ammunition, Traffic in,
Question of ..., 95, 96, 97, 99. Request of the Government of
Turkey — Iraq, Iraq, 26.
Frontiers (Mosul Question), 23, Asphyxiating gases in time of war,
3°. 3T> 32, 35. 37. 39, 4°- 5-
United Kingdom — Iran, Blockade, 12, 13, 45.
Dispute on the question of the Broadcasting,
Anglo-Persian Oil Company Use of — in the cause of peace,
concession, 69, 70, 73, 77. 78, 90, 92, 94.
United Kingdom — Portugal, Chemical warfare,
Frontier between Tanganyika Resolution No. VII of the 3rd
and Mozambique, 96. Assembly, 25.
United States of America, Collective Security,
Declaration relating to the Committee of Thirteen, 85, 88.
international situation, 99. Commissions of Enquiry,
U.S.S.R. — Uruguay, Germany, Austria, Bulgaria,
Relations, 90. Hungary, 48, 51, 53, 55, 59-
Yugoslavia — Hungary, Conference on the control of the
Assassination at Marseilles, 83, international trade in arms,
84, 86. ammunition and implements
of war, 32, 33, 35.
Radio - Nations. Conference for the Reduction and
Erection of a radio-telegraph sta- Limitation of Armaments,
tion, 50, 52, 53, 55, 58, 63, 67. Arms, ammunition and war
Legal questions relating to, 54. material; Narcotic drugs,
Swiss Federal Council, manufacture and trade; An-
Agreement with, concerning alogy between the two ques-
the erection and use of a tions, 73.
radio-electric station, 61. Arrangements concerning the
Red Cross. press, 62.
International Red Cross Committee, Civil Aviation, Publication of
8. information concerning civil
League of Red Cross Societies, 2. aviation, 63.
Proposal for international relief Convocation of the Bureau, 94,
work presented by Senator 96.
Ciraolo, President of the Italian Next meeting, 99.
Red Cross, 21, 26, 30, 32-35, Work of the Bureau, 98.
37, 42-44, 46> 48, 7°- Henderson, Death of Mr.,
Relief work in Eastern Europe, 12, Questions arising out of the
13- death of Mr., 90.
Special facilities for Red Cross Invitation to the Hedjaz Go-
organisations, 32. vernment to participate, 65.
Reduction of Armaments. Preparatory Commission for
Aggression, wars of — the Disarmament Conference,
Resolution adopted by the 8th 37. 39, 4°, 41, 6l
42. 43, 45, 47-
Assembly, 47. 49, 52, 55. 57. > 62, 63.
 - 138 -
Reduction of Armaments (cont.). Reduction of Armaments (cont.).
Conference for the Reduction and Means of preventing war (cont.),
Limitation of Armaments, Model treaties with a view to
( continued), render more effective the
Preparatory Commission for means of preventing war, 57.
the Disarmament Conference Mutual Assistance, Draft Treaty of
( continued ), (Resolution XIV of the Third
Union of Soviet Socialist Assembly), 24, 25, 26, 28, 30.
Republics, Questions of Naval Conference,
the participation of the ... June 20th, 1927, Geneva, 45.
in the work of the Con- Non-Aggression and Conciliation,
ference, 39. Treaty of Rio de Janeiro, 78.
Preparatory work, Seat, Presi- Pacific settlement of international
dency, 63. disputes, 30,33,37,40,43,52,55.
Co-ordination Commission, Protocol for the Pacific Settle-
Work of the Temporary Mixed ment of International Dis-
Commission and of the Per- putes, 30, 31, 32, 33, 55.
manent Advisory Commis- Permanent Advisory Commission
sion, 28, 30, 32, 33. for Military, Naval and Air
Exchange of information, Questions, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12,
(Resolution No. IX of the 3rd 13, 14, 18, 23, 24, 26, 39.
Assembly), 25. Permanent Armaments Commission
Execution of the military, naval and Request from Poland for repre-
air clauses of Peace Treaties, sentation on the ..., 5.
24, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 40, 43. Permanent Organ of the Council
Financial assistance for States vic- for the work of disarmament,
tims of aggression, 44, 45, 46, 37-
52, 57, 61, 62. Press,
Information on the position of ar- Collaboration of the ... in the
maments in various countries, organisation of peace, 35, 37,
65- 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 48, 65,
Inter-American Conference for the 66, 68, 78, 82.
consolidation of peace (De- Private manufacture,
cember 1936), 98. and international trade in arms,
International Bureau for the super- ammunition and implements
vision of the traffic in arms, 13. of war, 24-26, 28-30, 32, 33,
Invitation to the United States 35. 37. 4°. 4U 43-45. 47. 5L
Government to send a repre- 52, 57. 59, 61-63.
sentative to the Third Com- Protocol on Chemical and Bac-
mittee of the Assembly, 30. teriological warfare, 35.
Limitation of national expenditure Reduction of naval armaments, 25,
on armaments (Resolution 29-
No. II of the Third Assembly), Extension of the principles of
24, 25, 28, 29. the Treaty of Washington
Manufacture of Arms, etc., to non-signatory States, 26,
Special Commission, 52, 53, 56, 27, 28.
57, 61, 62, 63, 66, 67. Resolutions adopted by the first
Means of preventing war, Assembly on the subject of
General convention (Draft of) Armaments, 12.
with a view to rendering Resolutions adopted by the second
more effective the means of Assembly relating to the reduc-
preventing war, 62,63, 65, 67. tion of armaments, 14, 16.
 — 139 —
Reduction of Armaments (cont.). Refugees (continued).
Resolutions adopted by the third Nansen, Dr. F., 4, 57, 59, 63.
Assembly, 21, 23, 24, 25. Russian, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
Resolutions adopted by the fourth 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30,
Assembly, 27. 32, 34, 40, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52.
Resolutions adopted by the fifth Russian, Armenian, Assyrian,
Assembly, 30. Assyro-Chaldean and Turkish,
Resolutions adopted by the sixth Intergovernmental Advisory
Assembly, 35, 37> 39. 4°- Committee; High Commis-
Resolution adopted by the seventh sioner, 53, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61,
Assembly, 43. 64, 73, 79, 86, 90.
Resolution adopted by the eighth Nansen international office
Assembly, 47. for —, 61, 62, 65, 69, 70, 73,
Resolutions adopted by the ninth 77, 84, 88, 97.
Assembly, 52. Status of —, 77, 78, 79.
Resolutions adopted by the twelfth Saar, 84, 86, 88.
Assembly, 65.
Statistical Enquiry into disarma- Saar.
ment, 16, 25, 26. Constitution of an Advisory Council
Temporary Mixed Commission for and Technical Committee, 17.
reduction of Armaments, 13, Delimitation Commission, 1, 8, 10.
16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, Education, 30, 32.
30, 39. 49. 5°- Expulsions en masse, alleged, 13.
Women, Freedom of transport and transit
Collaboration of .... 65, 66. on railways, 40, 41, 43, 44, 60.
Women’s organisations, Appeal French currency, 13.
in favour of disarmament, Gendarmerie,
86. French, 23.
Refugees Local, 24, 28, 30, 33, 39.
Albanian, 37. General Enquiry into the Adminis-
Armenian, 23, 26, 29, 30, 32, 33, tration of the Territory, 25.
34. 35. 37. 4°. 42> 45. 46> 47. German Imports, Control of, 29, 30.
48, 49, 52. Governing Commission,
Armenian: Proposal for settlement Appointments, Composition, 2,
in the Republic of Erivan, 52. 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 19, 21-24,
Asia Minor: assistance to, 21,23, 24. 26-28, 30, 33, 35, 39, 4°, 44,
Bulgarian, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 53, 58, 62, 66, 70, 78, 86.
50, 52, 62, 63, 65, 66. Complaints from former offi-
in China, 65, 67. cials of the—, 92, 93, 99.
Galician: expulsion of, by Austria, Instructions, 2.
12. Governing Commission Loan, 53,
Germany: Organisation of assis- 54, 55, 56, 65.
tance to refugees (Jewish and High Court of Justice, 7.
other) coming from —, 77, 90, Jurisdiction by French Courts—
94- Martial over the inhabitants, 23.
Greek, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, Maintenance of public order,
35. 37. 39. 4°. 41. 43, 44. 45. Provisional decree of March
46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 58, 7th, 1923, for the mainten-
59, 60, 69. ance of public order and
International assistance, measures security, 24.
for—, 35, 43, 46, 48, 49, 50, 89, Miscellaneous questions, 2, 5, 14,
90, 97- 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30.
 — 140 —

Saar (continued). Slavery (continued).

Placing of certain officials at the Liberia, Slavery and forced labour in.
disposal of the German Go- Committee of enquiry, 62.
vernment, 21. International Commission of
Plebiscite, Enquiry, 57, 62.
Appeal of the Council to the Temporary Slavery Commission, 29,
population, 84. 3°. 35-
Commemorative medal, 88, Social and Humanitarian Activities.
89. Albania, famine in Northern, 28,
Conditions in which it took 29. 30-
place, 84. Atrocities,
Decisions taken by the Council Proposed enquiry, by theLeague
as a result of the—, 84. Commissioner in Constanti-
Position of Saar officials after nople, into atrocities per-
the—, 73. petrated by Turks and Greeks
Preparatory measures, 17, 21, in the Near East, 16.
23, 24, 26, 34, 35, 37, 78, 79, Child Welfare Committee, 41, 45,
80, 81, 82, 83, 84. 48, 49, 50, 51, 55, 58, 59, 62, 63,
Report on the work of the 64, 66, 67, 73, 79, 86, 92.
Supreme—Court, 92. Deportation of women and children
Result, 84. in Turkey and adjacent coun-
Presence of French troops, 13, 23, tries, 12, 14, 18, 19, 21, 23.
3°. 33- 39. 4°- Emigration and Immigration Con-
Protest from the German Govern- ference, 29.
ment concerning the term of Exchange of Greek and Turkish
office of the Governing Com- populations, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32,
mission, 18. 33. 37. 39. 49, 50, 51, 84-
Protest of German Government International Assistance to indigent
against a decree of the Govern- foreigners, 28, 48, 64, 77, 78,
ing Commission, 16. 92.
Railway communications, International Relief Union, for
Agreement between the Ger- populations stricken, by calam-
man Government and the ities, 21, 26, 30, 32, 33, 34', 35,
Governing Commission, 23. 37, 42, 43, 44- 46, 48, 70-
Refugees from the Saar, 84, 86, Liquor traffic in Africa, 16, 19.
88. Nationality and Status of women,
Settlement of “ Enemy Debts ” in 62, 64, 65, 70, 84.
the Saar Basin, 14. Obscene publications, 21, 27, 50,
Slavery. 51-
Advisory Committee of Experts, Prisoners of war, repatriation of, 4,
78, 86, 92, 96, 97. 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 18, 21, 28.
Assembly, Prostitution,
Resolution of the thirteenth Draft Convention to prevent
Assembly, 70. the exploitation of, 98.
Committee of Experts, 65, 66, 67, Protection of children and young
68, 77. persons,
Draft Convention, 35, 39, 40, 43. Advisory Committee, 13, 32,
Enquiry into the question of—, 35, 37, 40, 43, SB 52, 53, 57,
21, 24, 25, 27, 28. 62, 73, 77- 79, 86.
Information to be communicated to Protection of women and children
the Assembly, 45, 50, 55, 59, in the Near East,
63. 67, 73. Committee for the —, 26,30, 35
Social and Humanitarian Activities Social and Humanitarian Activities
(continued). (continued).
Reciprocal emigration between Traffic in Women and Children,
Greece and Bulgaria, 9, 10, 12, ( continued ),
32, 48, 49, 52, 58, 60, 64, 65, Permanent Advisory Commit-
66, 67. tee on, 16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 27,
Relief work in Eastern Europe, 12, 29, 33. 34-
13- Prevention of—, 5, 11, 12, 32.
Social Questions, Report of the Conference on —,
Advisory Committee on —, 96, 14-
97- Transfer from Germany to France
Traffic in Women and Children, of capital, etc., funds for Social
Committee on —, 45, 48, 50, 55, insurance in Alsace-Lorraine,
59, 63, 67, 73, 79. 86, 92. 13-
Conference of Central Author- Transfer, from the German Govern-
ities of Far-Eastern countries ment to the Polish Government,
(Bandoeng), 94, 97. of Social insurance funds, 19,
Enquiry into, in the Far East, 32. 33. 34-
25, 44, 48, 58, 59, 60, 70, 73, U.S.S.R.,
79- Enquiry into conditions in —,
International Convention on 3- 5. 6.
traffic in women of full age, Famine in —, 17, 19, 21.
77-
VARIOUS MEETINGS OF THE COUNCIL
First Session of the Council, held in Paris on January i6th,
1920.
From left to right around the table: M. Venizelos (Greece); M. da
Cunha (Brazil); M. Matsui (Japan); Earl Curzon of Kedleston (Great
Britain); M. Bourgeois (France), President; M. Ferraris (Italy);
M. Hymans (Belgium); M. Quinones de Leon (Spain).
 Thirteenth (Extraordinary) Session of the Council, held in Geneva from June 17TH to 28th, 1921.
Seated, from left to right: Mr. Balfour (Great Britain); Viscount Ishii (Japan), President; M. L. Bourgeois (France);
M. X. (Secretariat).
Standing, from left to right: M. da Cunha (Brazil); M. Wellington Koo (China); M Hymans (Belgium); Marquis
Imperiali (Italy); Sir Eric Drummond (Secretary-General); M. Quinones de Leon (Spain).
 Sixteenth Session of the Council, held in Geneva from January ioth to 14TH, 1922.
From left to right: M. da Cunha (Brazil); M. Quinones de Leon (Spain); M. Tittoni (Italy); M. Bourgeois (France);
M. Hymans (Belgium), President; Sir Eric Drummond (Secretary-General); Mr. Fisher (Great Britain); Viscount Ishii
(Japan); M. Tang-Tsai Fou (China).
 BBlfc'm

Forty-fourth ;Session of the Council, held in Geneva from March 7TH to 12th, 1927.
From left to right: M. Benes (Czechoslovakia); M. Titulesco (Roumania); M. Zaleski (Poland); M. Urrutia
(Colombia); M. Villegas (Chile); M. Scialoja (Italy); M. Briand (France); M. Stresemann (Germany), President; Sir Eric
Drummond (Secretary-General); Sir Austen Chamberlain (Great Britain); Viscount Ishii (Japan); M. Vandervelde
(Belgium); M. Chao-Hsin Chu (China); M. Doude van Troostwyk (Netherlands); M. Guerrero (Salvador).
 C ^3 G
Oh 03 S'

cuo ^o
XJ oj ^

O "C • - ^
I § n-fe
Sg.S^
^ (-1 o
ro hW5J
- • - idra0) , i(
•-——-.

O +H
a; ^ id .
^ ^ 9^
p* 0)2.S'
^ S Td |
cd (j cu ^
!
SS ^ ^ d !
fS Jd ^
. K^ . ^
S rtCdU 2 cd i
• ~ c Jr! :
^a; c i
Cd ^ r-
'SO t!^ L_i ^
tuo 2^ cd ^
:S=~
C-g t
rd ^,9 crcl

c§ £
S£ ^ .. £o
PO PDcd C
j-
rO P
OOP
Ph P
oa
^^ cdo '
S X ’J
^ > , Cc
-K-.

LP ^
^<
1
 ^,

2
H
w
z;
W
hJp
^

CO
X
H
O
w
o
D
o
O
M
W
>

o
OOH
ffi
H
o

o
g
SH -SJ
onW o
S

-2'
p s’
^ 00
o o
£ rTJ
X
+-<urt1
^
oj
Oo
2' co
ts:
E
d
<D
cj

^2-
^

(Venezuela); M. Marinkovitch (Yugoslavia); M. Zaleski (Poland); M. Grandi (Italy); M. Briand (France); M. Curtius
(Germany), President; Sir Eric Drummond (Secretary-General); Mr. Henderson (Great Britain); M. Yoshisawa (Japan);
M. Lerroux (Spain); M. Hussein Ala (Persia); M. Barreto (Peru); M. Braadland (Norway); M. Benes (Czecho-
slovakia); M. Hymans (Belgium).
 Sixty-fifth Session of the Council, held in Geneva from September iqth to 30TH, 1931.
From left to right: M. Sao-Ke Sze (China); M. Matos (Guatemala); Mr. MacGilligan (Irish Free State);
M. Marinkovitch (Yugoslavia); M. Curtius (Germany); M. Grandi (Italy); M. Flandin (France); M. Lerroux (Spain),
President; M. Avenol (Deputy Secretary-General); Viscount Cecil of Chelwood (Great Britain); M. Yoshisawa (Japan);
M. Zaleski (Poland); M. Barreto (Peru); M. Braadland (Norway); M. Garay (Panama).
 From left to right: M. Ktinzl-Jizersky (Czechoslovakia); M. Wellington Koo (China); M. Matos (Guatemala);
Mr. Lester (Irish Free State); M. de Madariaga (Spain); M. von Keller (Germany); M. Paul-Boncour (France);
M. Aloisi (Italy), President; Sir Eric Drummond (Secretary-General); Sir John Simon (Great Britain); M. Beck (Poland);
M. Lange (Norway); M. Amador (Panama); M. Pani (Mexico); M. Posting (High Commissioner, Danzig).
 EiCxHty-sixth Session of the Council, held at Geneva from July 31ST to August 3RD, 1935.
From left to right: M. Rivas Vicuna (Chile); M. Borberg (Denmark); M. Cantilo (Argentine); M. Marte Gomez
(Mexico)’ M. de Madariaga (Spain); M. Aloisi (Italy); M. Massigli (France); M. Litvmoff (U.S.S.R.), President;
M Avenol (Secretary-General); Mr. Eden (Great Britain); M. Komarnicki (Poland); M. Kiinzl-Jizersky (Czechoslovakia);
Rt. Hon. S. M. Bruce (Australia); M. Vasconcellos (Portugal); M. Rtistii Aras (Turkey).
 Ninety-first (Extraordinary) Session of the CouNCiLi held in London from March iith to 24TH, 1936.
From left to right: M. de Madariaga (Spain); M. Grandi (Italy); M. Flandin (France); The Rt. Hon. S. M. Bruce
(Australia), President; M. J. Avenol (Secretary-General); Mr. Eden (Great Britain); M. Litvinoff (U.S.S.R.); M. Beck
(Poland); M. de Vasconcellos (Portugal).
 rt
dc ^ 2
d M-Jrf sdCTj
^ i-kO 4-Jcn
cj ^ di
MSro
o\ > oc *n
2oj OJ ,2o
CO
H _<o
VO ^ S ,-:
o
^ c -
X
ooH g3 c
2^ d>^ ddd
X oj d^
W o
m tic
s -d d pj
w ^ o rd
HPh H-]
W
CO £ d
uj id
<5 do

.2 1/2 CO
W dd ^ CO
§u Sh
cr1 B2
►-._ MU pv>o ^• id
s ^ oG
pd ^0) oOCA. ^-~
dO ■+J
> >k
w c d
•d p:
2d dc k—I
*
r
<o O d dd
o d fe . • H
z < t/2
p . o . -. dd
o
u d d<
w .. Q +jd :0 41,
X
H mC :d^2
p
o
IS
o ij_i
^ ■Jrls
d
2 02;
ds CP
w 8 CO d
CO 5: P £f
Q « >-'0
C3 n -H2
2
w
H
P O o
H
W
2:
£

&£ d^ d3
J
d dd
< O^