1

tbip-a-in-lm-bpsS hwim-hen
(1:1þ17)
a¯m-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-¯nse BZy hmIy-§Ä (1:1þ17) ss__n-
fn D]-tbm-Ka - n-Ãm-¯X - m-bmWv ]ecpw ImWp-¶Xv. AXv Bh-iy-an-Ãm-¯-
sX¶ \ne-bn Nne hnZymÀ°n-IÄ Ah shdpsX hmbn¨p hn«p-I-f-bpw.
a¯mbn F´n-\mWv AXv FgpXn tNÀ¯-Xv, AXp \ap¡v F´p KpW-
amWv sN¿p-¶Xv? s]mXp-hmbn ]d-ªmÂ, ss__n-fnse hwim-h-en-IÄ
{]mY-an-I-ambn hwi-§sf Ønco-I-cn-¡-bmWv sN¿p-¶-Xv. U¥kv Fkv.
-l-^vam³ ]d-ªp, ""[]g-b-\n-b-a-¯nÂ] hwim-h-en-bpsS Bap-J-ambn
t\ml-bp-tSbpw A{_-lm-an-tâbpw hnh-cWw tNÀ¯n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]m
-se-bmWv tbip-hnsâ Pohn-X-¯n\p ap³]mbn hwim-hen tNÀ¯n-cn-¡p-
¶-Xpw (-DÂ]¯n 5:1þ32 Dw 11:10-þ32 Dw).''1
hwim-hen IpSpw_ _Ô-§sf sXfn-bn-¡p-¶X - p-sIm- v, Ah Ime-\n
À®-b-{]-Imcw XnI-hp-Å-Xm-bn-cn-¡p-I-bn-Ã; Nne t]cp-IÄ Hgn-hm-¡n-bn-
cn¡mw (1:8, 11 se ]cm-aÀiw t\m¡p-I). A¯cw hn«p-I-f-b ss__nÄ
Fgp-¯p-Im-cpsS s]mXp-hmb ]cn-io-e-\-am-bn-cp-¶p. Nne-t¸mÄ tcJ-bnÂ
{][m-\-s¸-«Xp am{Xw DÄs¸-Sp-¯p-hm-\mbn GXm\pw Xe-ap-d-IÄ Xs¶
hn«p If-tª-¡mw, AsÃ-¦n Nne {]tXyI hyàn-Isf ]d-tb
Bh-iy-an-Ãm-bn-cn-¡mw. _Ô-§Ä Øm]n-¡p-hm³ hwim-h-en-IÄ ]q
À®-am-bn-cn-t¡- -XnÃ.
I\m³ tZi¯v AhÀ¡v Ah-Imiw e`n-¡p-¶-Xn\v IpSpw_ ss]
XrIw sXfn-bn-t¡- -Xn-\m-bn-cp¶p blq-Z-·mÀ hwim-hen D]-tbm-Kn-¨-Xv
(kw-Jym-. 26:52-þ56). _m_n-tem¬ {]hm-k-¯n\p tijw sbcp-i-te-an-
te¡v aS§n h¶ Nne ]ptcm-ln-X-·mÀ¡v Ah-cpsS hwim-hen ""ap³Km-
an-I-sf tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶-XnÂ'' ImWp-hm³ Ign-ªnÃ. XÂ^-e-am-bn,
""Ahsc Aip-²c - mbn IW-¡m¡n ]utcm-ln-Xy-¯n DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-Ã''
(F{km 2:61, 62). A¯cw kμÀ`-§-fn Ah-cpsS hwim-hen sXfn-bn-
t¡- Xv ]ca {][m-\-am-bn-cp-¶p.
CZp-ao³ (-G-tZm-ay³) F¶ alm-\mb sltcm-Zmhv Bbn-cp¶p hwim-
hen {][m-\-s¸-«-Xm-bn-cp¶ asämcp hyàn. ""sblq-Z-·m-cpsS cmPm-hmbn''
Ah³ AwKo-Ic - n-¡s- ¸-SW
- a
- m-bn-cp¶p, knwlm-k\
- ¯- n-\m-bpÅ aÂkcw
Ah³ kln-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã. Ah³ AXn\p amÀK XSkw krjvSn-¨-h-sc, `mcy-
sb-bpw, Ah-fpsS c p ktlm-Z-c-·m-sc-bpw, Xsâ aq¶p ]p{X-·m-scbpw
sIm¶p If-ªp. AK-kvtXmkv ssIksc Ipdn¨v C§s\ ]d-ªn-cp-¶p,
""sltcm-Zm-hnsâ aI³ BIp-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ, Ahsâ ]¶n-bm-Ip-¶-XmWv
\Ã-Xv.''2 sltcm-Zmhv blqZ ]cn-ioe-I-\m-b-Xn-\mÂ, Ah³ ]¶nsb
sImÃp-I-bn-Ã; AtX kabw Xsâ a¡sf sImÃp-hm³ Ah\p bmsXmcp
a\-km-£n-¡p-¯p-an-Ã. Pqen-bkv B{^n-¡m-\kv ]d-ªX - \
- p-kc
- n-¨v, Xsâ
26
kzmÀ°-X-¡mbn hwim-hen Xs¶ \in-¸n-¡-bpw,3 Ncn-{Xs¯ X\n¡v
A\p-Iq-e-am¡n XoÀ¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-¶p. Ing-¡p-\n¶p {InkvXp-hns\
\a-kv¡-cn-¡p-hm³ h¶ þ hnZzm-·m-cm h©n-¡-s¸« cmPm-hm-bn-cp¶p
Ah³ þ B hnZzm-·mÀ ]d-ªX - \ - p-kc - n¨v ""c v hb-knepw, AXn Xmsg-
bp-apÅ t_Xve-tl-anepw AXn\p Npäp-apÅ FÃm B¬Ip-«n-I-sfbpw
sImÃp-hm³ IÂ]\ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨ sltcm-Zm-hm-bn-cp¶p Ah³'' (2:16).
apI-fn ]dª Ncn-{X-]Ý - m-¯e - ¯ - n-s\-Xn-cmbn a¯mbn Xsâ kphn-
ti-jh - n-hc - Ww Fgp-Xn. {]Nm-c¯ - n-en-cn-¡p¶ Hcp ho£Ww ]d-bp-¶Xv
a¯mbn Xsâ hwim-hen, tbip-hnsâ hfÀ¯-¸\ - m-bn-cp¶ tbmtk^v
apJm-´c - h- pw, eqs¡m-kn-tâXv, eqs¡mkv 3:23-þ38 se adnbbpsS IpSpw_w
apJm-´c - h- p-am-sW-¶m-Wv. Cu kw`-h¯ - nÂ, {InkvXp-hnsâ kzm`m-hn-Ia - mb
Ah-tcm-lWw adn-bb - nÂ\n¶pamsW-¶pw, a¯mbn \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv
cmP-Io-b (-\n-b-a-]-c-am-b) tbmtk-^nsâ Z¯p ]p{X-\m-bpÅ Ah-tcm-
lWs¯bpw BWv ]d-bp-¶X - v.4 tbip ""Zmho-Znsâ k´-Xnbm-sW¶v''
sXfn-bn-t¡- Xp a¯m-bn¡p {]m[m-\y-ta-dn-bX - m-bn-cp-¶p, AXm-bn-cp-¶p,
Ahs\ bn{km-tb-ensâ knwlm-k\ - ¯ - n\v Ah-Im-in-bm-¡n-bX - pw (1:1). ss-
Zhw Zmho-Znsâ hwim-he - n-bnÂIqsS ain-lsb temI-¯n-te¡v sIm p-h-
cp-sa¶v \mYm³ {]hm-NI - ³ apJm-´cw Acp-fn-s¨-bvXn-cp¶p (2 iap-. 7:12-þ16).

hwim-h-en-bnse hyXym-k-§Ä
a¯m-bn-bpsS hwim-hen eqs¡m-knsâ hwim-hen
(a-¯m, 1:1þ17) (eq-s¡m, 3:23-þ38)
1. ]pkvX-I-¯nsâ Bcw-`- 1. tbip-hnsâ kv\m\-tijw
¯n BWp-ÅXv sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶p
2. aq¶p ]ncn-hp-IÄ (14+14+14) 2. ]ncn-hp-IÄ CÃ
3. A{_lmw apXÂ tbip 3. tbip apXÂ BZmw/ssZhw
hsc
4. ]n³Km-an-I-fpsS ""]nXmhv'' 4. ap³Km-an-I-fpsS ""k´Xn''
5. kv{XoI-sfbpw ktlm-Z-c·m 5. ap³Km-an-Isf am{Xw DÄs¸-
scbpw DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn- Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶p
¡p¶p
6. Zmho-Znsâ k´Xn item- 6. Zmho-Znsâ k´Xn \mYm³
tam³ apJm-´-c-apÅ hwim- apJm-´-c-apÅ hwim-hen
hen

apJ-hp-c (1:1)
1A{_-lm-ansâ ]p{X-\mb Zmho-Znsâ ]p{X\mb tbip ain-lm-bpsS
hwim-h-en-.

hmIyw 1. XpSÀ¶p ]d-bp¶ hwim-he

- n-¡pÅ apJ-hp-cb
- mWv BZy-hm-

27
Iyw. hwim-hen tcJ (_n-t»mkv sPs\-sktbmkv) F¶ {]tbm-K¯ - nsâ
AÀ°w ""Z _p¡v Hm^v Z sP\-kn-kv, AsÃ-¦n Bcw`w'' F¶m-Wv.
B {]tbmKw a¯m-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-js¯ apgp-h\pw _m[n-¡p-¶-
XmIbmÂ, ""an¡ ]WvUn-X· - p-t]mse''5 AXv hwim-h-
- mcpw hnNm-cn-¡p-¶X
ensb am{Xw _m[n-¡p-hm-\mWv km[yX. B XoÀ¸ns\ ]n´m-§p-¶X - mWv
sk]vXz-Pnân sP\-knkv F¶ hm¡v ASn-¡Sn D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv
(DÂ]. 5:1; 6:9; 10:1, 32; 11:10, 27 t\m¡pI).
tbip ain-lm-bpsS hwim-h-en-bm-Wv. sUmWmÄUv G. lmsáÀ \n
co-£n-¨p, ""[]gb \nb-a-¯nse] hwim-henIfpw, sblqZ ]mc-¼-cyhpw
Ft¸mgpw enÌn ]qÀÆn-Isâ t]cmWv hcp-¶Xv F¶Xv {]m[m-\y-apÅ
Imcy-am-Wv. F§-s\-bm-bm-epw, ChnsS enÌn h¶n-cn-¡p-¶Xv IpSpw-
_-¯nse Ah-km\ AwK-am-Wv.''6 Cu {]tXy-IX tbip-hn\p IqSp-XÂ
Du¶Â sImSp-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.
{Ko¡n tbip-hns\ ""{InkvXp'' ({In-tÌm-kv) F¶mWv hnfn-¨n-cn-¡p-
¶-Xv, AXn-\À°w ""A`n-jn-à³'' F¶m-Wv, F{_mb `mj-bnÂ, AXv
""ainlm'' (a-in-bm-Iv) F¶-Xn\p Xpey-am-Wv. Npcp¡w Nne ka-b-§-fnÂ
F³-G-F-kv_n-bn {IntÌmkv XÀPna sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, ""ainlm''
F¶m-Wv (1:1, 16, 17; 2:4; tbml. 1:41; 4:25). F¶m Bcw-`¯ - n ""{InkvXp''
F¶mWv tbip-hns\ hnfn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. ]n¶oSv c m-as¯ t]cmbn amdn.
tbip-{In-kvXp-hnsâ hwim-h-en-bpsS apJy kz`m-h-§Ä hmIyw 1þÂ
DbÀ¯n-¡m-Wn¡p-¶p (1:17 se ]cm-aÀi-§Ä t\m¡p-I.). Zmho-Znsâ
hwim-h-en-bn-epÅ thcp-IÄ Du¶n-¸-d-bp¶ {]tbm-K-amWv Zmho-Znsâ
k´Xn F¶-Xv, AXv ssZhw Xsâ hmKvZm\w ]men-¡p-sa¶ Dd-¸mWv
\ÂIp-¶X - v. 2 i-ap-th 7:12þÂ, btlmh Zmho-Zn-t\mSp ]dªp ""Ahsâ
]n³Km-an-I-fpsS Ft¶-¡p-apÅ [cmPy knwlm-k\w] Dd-¸n-¡pI'' (k¦o.
89:29; 132:11; eqt¡m 1:32; {]hr¯nIÄ 2:30-þ36). a¯m-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-
¯nÂ, tbip-hnsâ ainlm t]cn-\p-th- n-bm-Wv, ]e-t¸mgpw ""Zmho-Znsâ
k´Xn'' F¶p ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶Xv (9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30, 31; 21:9, 15; 22:42).
""Zmho-Znsâ ]n³Km-an-bmbn Ah³ `cWw ]nSn-s¨-Sp-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã,
F¶m \nb-a-]-c-ambn ssZh-P-\-¯nsâ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn XoÀ¶p''.7
tbip-hns\ A{_-lm-ansâ k´Xn F¶pw hnfn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. en
tbm¬ tamdnkv ]d-ªp,

bn{km-tb {]tXy-I-X-bpŠssZh-P-\-am-tI- Xn\p ssZhw A{_-

lm-ap-ambn Hcp DS-¼Sn sNbvXn-cp-¶p (D-ev] 12:2þ3; 15:17-þ21; 17:1þ-14).
alm-\m-bn-cp¶ B ]nXm-hnsâ ]n³Km-an-IÄ F¶p hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-
hm³ FÃm bn{km-tb-eycpw A`n-am-\n-¨n-cp-¶p, hnizm-k¯ - nsâ amXr-
I-bm-bn-XoÀ¶ Ahs\ {InkvXym-\n-IÄ {]tXy-In-¨pw _lp-am-\n-¨n-cp-
¶p (CXp {]tXy-I-ambn tdmam-¡m-cn ]utemkv sIm ph-cp-¶p).8

Cu hnh-cWw A{_lmw ]nXm-hn-te¡p t]mIp-t¼mÄ bn{km-tbenÂ

tbip-hnsâ hwim-h-ensb am{X-a-Ã, ssZhw A{_-lm-an\p sImSp¯
hmKvZm\w tbip-hn \nd-th-dp-¶-Xmbpw ImWn-¡p-¶p. btlmh A{_-

28
lm-an-t\mSp ]d-ªp, ""\n¶n `qan-bnse kIe hwi-§fpw A\p-{K-
ln-¡-s¸Spw'' (D-ev]¯n 12:3). ]n¶oSv Ah³ ]d-ªp, ""\nsâ k´Xn
apJm-´cw `pan-bnepÅ kIePmXn-Ifpw A\p-{K-ln-¡-s¸Spw'' (Dev]
22:18). A{_-lm-ansâ ""k´Xn'' {InkvXp-hm-sW¶v ]utemkv ]dªp
(K-em. 3:16). Ah³ apJm-´cw kIe PmXn-Ifpw XoÀ¨-bmbpw A\p-{K-
ln-¡-s¸-Spw (28:18-þ20).

]nXm-¡-·mÀ (1:2þ6)
2A{_lmw bnk-lm-¡ns\ P\n-¸n¨p; bnklm¡v bmt¡m-_ns\
P\n-¸n¨p; bmt¡m_v 3sblq-Zsbbpw Ahsâ ktlm-Z-c-·m-tcbpw P\n-
¸n¨p; sblqZ Xmam-cn ]msc-kn-s\bpw kmc-ln-s\bpw P\n-¸n¨p; ]
msckv slt{kms\ P\n-¸n¨p; slt{km³ Acm-ans\ P\n-¸n¨p; 4Acmw
A½o-\m-Zm-_ns\ P\n-¸n¨p; A½o-\m-Zm_v \l-tims\ P\n-¸n¨p; \l-
tim³ ievtams\ P\n-¸n¨p; 5ievtam³ cmlm-_n t_mh-kns\ P\n-
¸n¨p; t_mhkv cq¯n Hmt_-Zns\ P\n-¸n¨p; Hmt_Zv bnÈm-bnsb
P\n-¸n¨p; 6bnÈmbn ZmhoZv cmPm-hns\ P\n-¸n-¨p.

A{_lmw apXÂ ZmhoXp hsc, bn{km-tb-ense ]nXm-¡-·msc ]d-

ªp-sIm- pÅ hwim-h-en-bmWv (1:2þ6) BZy `mK-¯p-Å-Xv. AXv ]gb
\nb-a-¯n-epÅ hwim-h-en-bp-ambn tbmPn-¡p¶p (cq¯v 4:18-þ22; 1 Zn-\.
1:28, 34; 2:1þ15).
hmIyw. 2 A{_-lm-ans\ IevZb ]«-Wa - mb Ducn \n¶v I\m³ tZi-
t¯¡v hnfn¨p thÀXn-cn¨p (D-ev]. 15:7; 24:7; {]hr-¯n-IÄ 7:2þ4). Ahsâ
k´Xn apJm-´ncw, ssZhw bn{km-tb tZis¯ cq]-s¸-Sp¯pw; bn{km-
tb tZi-¯n \n¶p temI c£n-Xm-hmb {InkvXp hcn-Ibpw sN¿pw.
A{_-lm-an\v hmÀ²Iy-¯n hmKvZm\w sNbvX k´-Xn-bm-bn-cp¶p
bnk-lm-¡v (Dev] 15:4; 21:1þ3). ssZhoI hmKvZm\§Ä \nd-th-dn-bXv
bnkvam-tb-enÂIq-sS-bm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã, adn¨v bnk-lm-¡nÂIqsS Bbn-cp-¶p
(Dev] 16:1þ16; 17:15-þ22).
bnk-lm¡v, Cc« a¡-fmb bmt¡m-_n-tâbpw Gim-hn-tâbpw ]n
Xm-hm-bn-cp-¶p. bmt¡m_v BZy PmX³ Bbn-cp-¶n-sÃ-¦nepw, Ahs\
ssZhw Xsâ DS-¼-Sn-bpÅ P\s¯ ]Wn-bp-hm³ Xnc-sª-Sp-¯n-cp¶p
(Dev] 25:23).
bmt¡m-_n\p 12 a¡-fp-- m-bn, Ah-cn Hcm-fm-bn-cp¶p blq-Zm.
blqZ cmP-Iob tKm{X-am-bn-Xo-cp-sa¶p bmt¡m_v {]h-Nn-¨p: ""blq-Zm,
Hcp _me-knwlw ... Ah-Im-ia - p-Åh
- ³ hcp-thmfw sNt¦m blq-Zb - nÂ
\n¶pw cmP-ZWvUp Ahsâ Imep-I-fpsS CS-bn \n¶pw \o§n-t¸m-Ip-I-
bn-Ã, PmXn-If - psS A\p-kc
- Ww Ah-t\mSp BIpw'' (Dev] 49:9, 10). ZmhoZp
cmPmhpw (1:6) Ahsâ ]n³Km-an-Ifpw, tNÀ¶p-Å-XmWv c- m-as¯ Iq«-
amb hwim-hen (1:6þ11), Ah-scÃmw blq-Z-bpsS ]n³Km-an-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p.
Ah-km\w, tbip BWv ""Zmho-Znsâ thcpw, blqZm tKm{X-¯n \n
¶p-Å ... knwlhpw'' (sh-fn. 5:5).

29
 Ahsâ ktlm-Z-c-·mcpw F¶ {]tbmKw hwim-he - n-bn {]Xy-£a - m-
tb¡mw ""12 ]nXm-¡· - m-tcbpw tNÀ¯p ]d-bp-¶Xv BNm-ca - m-bn-cp-¶X
- n-\m
epw AsÃ-¦n ]{´ p tKm{X-§-fn \n¶pÅ FÃm ]n³Km-an-Ifpw
bn{km-tb-eyÀ Bbn-cp-¶-Xn-\m-epw, FÃm-hcpw ain-l-bn Xpey XmÂ]
cyw sh¨n-cp-¶-Xn-\mepw BWv.''9 asämcp km²y-X-bpÅ hni-Zo-I-cWw
Fs´-¶mÂ, B {]tbmKw ""blq-Z-bpsS cmP-Iob ap³Km-an-Ifmb ]e-
tcbpw am{Xw Xnc-sª-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p¶p F¶-XmWv (Dev] 49:10).''10
hmIyw. 3. Xmam-dn P\n¨ t]c-kn-tâbpw tkc-ln-tâbpw A¸-\m-
bn-cp¶p blq-Z. s]tc-k-bp-tSbpw tkc-bp-tSbpw t]cp-IÄ ]d-bp-hm-\p
Å ImcWw Ah-cpsS KÀ`-[m-cWw {]tXy-I-X-bp-Å-Xn-\m-em-bn-cn-¡mw.
tehy-cpsS BNm-c-a-\p-k-cn¨v blqZ Xsâ acp-þa-I-fm-bn-cp¶ Xmam-dn-t\m
Sp \Ã-co-Xn-bn s]cp-am-dm-Xn-cp-¶-Xp-sIm- v, AhÄ Hcp thiy-bpsS
hkv{Xw [cn¨v Ahs\ hgn-sX-än-¡p-Ibpw A§s\ blqZm Cc« B¬Ip-
«n-I-fpsS ]nXm-hm-bn-Xo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp (Dev] 38:1þ30).
tbip-hnsâ hwim-he - n-bn ]dª A©v kv{XoI-fn BZy-t¯-Xm-
bn-cp¶p XmamÀ. Ah-km-\-t¯Xv adn-b-bp-am-Wv (1:3, 5, 6, 16).11 BZy \mep-
t]À- þ -Xm-amÀ, cmlm-_v, cq¯v, s_Xvti-_m- þ -C-h-scÃmw {]tXyI kml-
N-cy-¯n s]Sp-¶-h-cm-bn-cp-¶p. l^vam³ Fgp-Xn, ""Hmtcm-cp-¯À¡pw
Nne {]tXy-IX AsÃ-¦n Akm-[m-c-W-Xzw þ -A-]-IoÀ¯n-]-c-am-b-tXm þ
Ah-fpsS ]pcpj ]¦m-fn-bp-am-tbm, ssZh-¯nsâ ]²-Xn-bn {][m\ ]¦p--
m-bn-cp-¶p (Nn-eÀ kzb-ambn ap¶n-«n-d§n kml-k-¯n-ep-am-bn-«p-- v).''12
""Hmtcm kw`-h-¯nepw Ah-cpsS A]-IoÀ¯n ]n¶oSv \o§-s¸-«p.''13
adnb ]n¶oSv hln¨ ]¦nsâ {]tXy-I-X-bpsS ap³\n-g-em-bn-cp¶p B
\mev kv{XoI-fp-sa¶p ]dbmw. ]coi ]mc-¼c - ys¯ al-Xz-s¸-Sp-¯p-hm\pw
ain-lsb hnh-cn-¡p-hm\pw AhÀ h¶-Xn-\mÂ, tbip-hnsâ P\-\-¯n\p
Npäp-apÅ kml-N-cys¯ FXnÀ¯n-cp¶ ]co-i-·m-tcmSv hmZn-¡p-hm³
Chsc a¯mbn FSp¯p ]d-ªn-cn-¡mw.14 {InkvXp-hnsâ ZuXyw kIe
PmXn-IÄ¡p-ap-Å-Xm-I-bmepw PmXn-I-fm-bn-cp¶ B \mev kv{XoI-sfbpw
DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xm-Imw.
s]sc-kv, Cc-«I - f- n H¶m-a¯ - h
- ³ Bbn-cp¶p, Ah-\nÂIq-sS-bmWv
Zmho-Znsâ hwim-hen hcp-¶X - v (cq¯v 4:12, 18-þ22). Ah³ slt{kms\ P\n-
¸n-¨p, an{k-bn-an-te¡p t]mb bms¡m-_nsâ ]n³Km-an-IÄ Ah-\nÂ\n-
¶m-bn-cp-¶p (DÂ]. 46:8, 12). Ahsâ aI³ Bcmw an{k-bn-an-em-bn-cp-¶p.
hmIyw 4. an¡-hmdpw Bcm-an\pw Aan-\m-Zm-_n\pw CS¡v ]e Xe-ap-
d-IÄ IS-¶p-t]m-bn-cn-¡mw, AXv bn{km-tb-ensâ 430 hÀjs¯ an{kbnw
hmks¯ t_m[y-am-¡p-¶p (-]p-d. 12:40, 41). eqs¡mkv Xsâ hwim-h-en-
bn ""Aan\mZm-_ns\'' DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡-bm Npcp-§n-bXv Hcp Xe-
ap-dsb IqsS ImWn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p (-eq-s¡m. 3:33). Aan-\m-Zm_v Al-tcmsâ
A½m-bn-þb-¸-\m-þbn-cp¶p (]p-d. 6:23), Ah³ bn{km-tb-ensâ alm-]p-
tcm-ln-X-\p-am-bn-cp-¶p.
an{k-bn-anÂ\n¶p bn{km-tb ]pd-s¸-Sp¶ ka-b¯v sblqZm
tKm{X-¯nsâ A²y-£-\m-bn-cp¶p Aan-\m-Zm-_nsâ aI³ \l-tim³
(kwJy. 2:3, 4). B-Zys¯ P\-kwJym IW-s¡-Sp-¸n Ah\pw DÄs¸-

30
«n-cp-¶p (kw-Jym. 1:7) ]pXp-Xmbn \nÀ½n¨ kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-¯n-te¡v
Ah³ hgn-]m-Sp-IÄ sIm- p-h-¶n-cp-¶p (kw-Jym. 7:12-þ17), acp-`q-an-bnÂ
Ae-ªp-Xn-cnª Xsâ tKm{Xs¯ Ah³ ]pXnb Øe-t¯¡v \bn-
¨n-cp-¶p (-kw-Jym. 10:14).
\l-timsâ aI³ iÂtam³ tbmip-h-bpsS Iogn I\m-\nÂ
sh¨pÅ Iog-S-¡-en kv]jvSambpw t]mcm-Sn-bn-cp-¶p. 3 Dw 4 Dw hmIy-
§-fn ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ ]e hyàn-Is - f-bp-sa¶ t]mse Ahs\ Ipdn¨pw
A[n-I-sam¶pw ]g-b-\n-b-a-¯n-en-Ã.
hmIyw 5. cmlm-_n iÂtam\p P\n¨ aI-\m-bn-cp¶p t_mhkv.
Iogvs¸-Sp-¯Â ka-b¯ - v, sbcn-tlm-hnse Hcp thiy-bm-bn-cp¶ cmlm_v,
bn{km-tb-ey-cm-bn-cp¶ c- v Häp-Imsc XoÀ¨-bmbpw ]nSn-¡-s¸-«v sImÃp-
sa¶ ØnXn-bnÂ, Hfn-¸n¨p c£n-¨p (tbm-ip. 2:1þ7). AhÄ Xsâ kz´
Pohs\ kml-ks - ¸-Sp-¯n-bmWv Ahsc c£n-¨X - v. bn{km-tb sbcotlm
]nSn-¨S- ¡
- n-bt- ¸mÄ, AhÄ¡v ssZh-¯n-ep-- m-bn-cp¶ hnizmkw \nan¯w
AhÀ Ahsfbpw Ah-fpsS IpSpw-_-s¯bpw kwc-£n-¡-bm-bn-cp-¶p
(F-{_m. 11:31; bms¡m. 2:25). AhÄ ]n¶oSv bn{km-tb-ey-\m-bn-cp¶
iÂtams\ hnhmlw Ign-¡-bpw, AhÀ¡v P\n¨ aI\v t_mhkv F¶v
t]cn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp (-cq-¯v. 4:20, 21).
cq¯n Hmt_-Zn\p P\n-¨-h-\m-bn-cp¶p t_mhkv. B at\m-lc
kw`hw cq¯nsâ ]pkvXIw hnh-cn-¡p-¶p. t_Xve-tl-anse Hcp {]apJ
]uc-\m-bn-cp¶ t_mhkv, km[p-hpw _Ôp-hp-am-bn-cp¶ cq¯v F¶
hn[-hsb hnhmlw Ign-¨p. t_mh-kns\ hnhm-lm-tem-N\ \S-¯p-hm³
hb-en-te¡v t]mbn (-cq-¯v. 3:6þ14). AhÄ Hmt_-Zn\pP·w \ÂIn Zmho-
Znsâ hwim-hen \ne-\nÀ¯n (-cq¯v 4:1þ17). \mev kv{XoI-fn Ah-km-\-
am-bn-«mWv adnb hcp-¶-Xv. cq¯v kZvKp-W-k-¼-¶-bmb kv{Xobm-bn-cp-¶p.
AhÄ hn{K-lm-cm-[n-bm-bn-cp¶ tamhm_y kv{Xo Bbn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n-epw
(-B-hÀ. 23:3), ""Hcp D¯a kv{Xo Bbn-cp¶p'' (cq-¯v. 3:11).
bnÈm-bn-bpsS A¸-³ [B-bn-cp¶p] Hmt_-Zv. Hmt_-Zn\pw bnÈm-bn¡pw
CS-bn ]e Xe-ap-d-IÄ hn«p-I-f-ªn-cn-¡p-¶Xv \ymbm-[n] Ime-L-«-
¯nse \qdp-I-W-¡n\p hÀj-§Ä ]n¶n-«-Xmbn hnh-cn-¡p-¶p (\ym-bm.
11:26; 1 cmPm. 6:1). bnÈm-bn¡v F«v B¬a-¡-fp- m-bn-cp-¶p, t_Xve-tl-
an Ah\p B«n³Iq-«-hp-ap- m-bn-cp¶p (1 iap. 16:1þ13; 17:12-þ18).
hmIyw 6. bnÈm-bn-bpsS Cfb aI³ Zmho-Zns\ ssZhw Xnc-sª-Sp-
¡p-Ibpw iap-th {]hm-N-I³ Ahs\ A`n-tjIw sN¿p-Ibpw sNbv
Xp (1 iap. 16:11-þ13). hwim-h-en-bnÂ, ASp¯ kwL-¯n cmPm-¡-·m-cp-
s -¦n-epw, Zmho-Zns\ am{X-amWv cmPm-hmbn Xncn-¨-dn-bn-¡p-¶-Xv (1:6þ11).
ZmhoZv cmPmhpw ain-lbpw X½n ià-amb Hcp _Ôw DÅ-Xm-bn (1:16,
17), BapJ {]kvXm-h-\-bnse kmln-Xy-L-S\ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p (1:1). AXp-
sIm v, ZmhoZv tbip-hn\p ""ap³\n-g-embn Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.''15

Zmho-Zn IqsS-bpÅ cmPm-¡-·mÀ (1:6þ11)

6ZmhoZv Cu-cn-bm-hnsâ `mcy-bm-bn-cp-¶h
- f
- n item-tams\ P\n-¸n-¨p.

31
7item-tam³ scl-_ymsa P\n-¸n-¨p. scl_ymw A_o-bmsh P\n-¸n-¨p,
A_obmhv Bksb P\n-¸n-¨p, 8Bkm tbmim-^m-¯ns\ P\n-¸n-¨p,
tbmim-^m¯v tbmcm-ans\ P\n-¸n-¨p. tbmcmw DÊo-bmsh P\n-¸n-¨p,
9DÊo-bmhv tbmYm-ans\ P\n-¸n-¨p, tbmYmw Blm-kns\ P\n-¸n-¨p,
Blmkv lnkv¡n-bmsh P\n-¸n-¨p, 10lnkv¡n-bmhv a\-sÈsb P\n-¸n-
¨p, a\sÈ Btam-kns\ P\n-¸n-¨p, Btamkv tbmin-bmsh P\n-¸n-¨p,
11tbmin-bmhv sbsJm-\ymshbpw Ahsâ ktlm-Zc - ·
- m-scbpw _mt_Â
{]hm-k-Im-e¯v P\n-¸n-¨p.''

c mw Iq«-¯nse hwim-h-en-bnse t]cp-IÄ (1:6þ11) Zmho-ZnÂ\n

¶p Xmtgm-«pÅ cmPm-¡-·m-sc-bmWv ]d-bp-¶-Xv. item-tam-\n XpS§n
sbsJm\y hsc ""hmgv¨-bpsS alXzw Ipdªp hcp-¶-Xm-bn-«mWv ImWp-
¶-Xv.''16
hmIyw 6. Ducn-bm-hnsâ `mcy-bm-bn-cp-¶-h-fn Zmho-Zn\p P\n¨ aI-
\m-bn-cp¶p item-tam³. {Ko¡v thZ-]p-kvXIw IqSp-XÂ A£-cn-I-ambn
]d-bp-¶p, ""Ducn-bm-hn-\p-Å -[XnÂ] Zmho-Zn\p P\n¨ aI³ Bbn-cp¶p
item-tam³.'' F³-G-F-kv_n-bn hyà-X-¡mbn B hm¡p-IÄ D]-tbm-
Kn-¨n-cn-¡p¶p F¦n-epw, {Ko¡n AhnsS ""t_Xvti_'' Ft¶m ""`mcy''
Ft¶m D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-«n-Ã. -t_-Xvti-_-bp-am-bpÅ Zmho-Znsâ hy`n-Nm-chpw
Ducn-bm-hns\ sImÃn-¨Xpw \mYm³ {]hm-N-I³ {]h-Nn-¨Xpw ]cs¡
Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶ Imcy-am-Wv (2 iap-. 11:1þ12:15). B kw`hw Zmho-Zns\ am\-
km-´-c-¯n-te¡v \bn-¨p, AXv Bbn-cn¡mw Ah³ k¦oÀ¯-\-§Ä
51þÂ {]I-Sn-¸n-¨-Xv.
Ah-cpsS BZy-a-I³ acn¨p F¦n-epw, Zmho-Zn\pw t_Xvti-_¡pw
c m-aXp P\n¨ aI-\m-bn-cp¶p item-tam³ (2 iap-. 12:15-þ25). knwlm-k-
\-¯n\v Ah-Im-in-I-fm-Ip-hm-´-¡-h®w Zmho-Zn\v thsdbpw `mcy-amcpw
a¡fpw D m-bn. AXp-sIm- v, t_Xvti_ ap¶n-«n-d-§n-bXp \nan-¯hpw
\mYm³ {]hm-NI - ³ \nan-¯hpw item-tam³ cmPm-hmbn XoÀ¶p (1 cmPm.
1:11-þ31). t_Xvti_ ""Zmho-Znsâ knwlm-k-\-¯nse A½-bmbn ssZh-Im-
cpWy {]hr-¯n-IÄ cl-ky-ambn sNbvXp h¶p''17 F¶v sP. -U-»n-bp.
sa¡mÀth ]d-ªp.
\mYm³ F¶ asämcp aI\pw Zmho-Zn\v t_Xvti-_b - n P\n-¨p (2 iap.
5:14; 1 Zn\. 3:5). item-tam\p ]Icw Cu a\p-jys\ BWv tbip-hnsâ
ss]Xr-I¯ - nsâ hwim-he - n-bn eqs¡mkv D]-tbm-Kn-¨X - v (-eq-s¡m. 3:31).
hmIyw 7. item-tam³ Bcw-`-¯n ""btlm-hsb kvt\ln-¨n-cp¶p''
F¶m Ah³ ""hntZ-in-I-fmb `mcy-amsc kvt\ln-¨Xp \nan¯w Ah³
btlm-h-bnÂ\n-¶-I-¶p'' (1 cmPm. 3:3; 11:1þ13). item-tamsâ hn{K-lm-cm-
[-\-bpsS ^e-am-bn, bn{km-tb cmPyw {ItaW hn`-Pn-¡-s¸-«p (1 cmPm.
11:26-þ40). item-tamsâ aI³ scl-s_bmw Xsâ A¸-t\-¡mÄ ITn\amb
`cW coXn-bmWv Ah-ew-_n-¨-Xv, XpSÀ¶p hSs¡ cmPy-¯n sbtcm-_-
bm-ansâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n aÂkcw Bcw-`n-¨p (1 cmPm. 12:1þ24). AXp-sIm-
v, hwim-h-en-bn ]dª scl-s_bmw XpS§n Xmtgm«v sbsJm\y
hsc-bp-Å-hÀ (1:7þ11) sX¡pÅ sblq-Zy-sb-bmWv hmWn-cp-¶-Xv.

32
 scl-s_bmw Xsâ A¸-\mb item-tams\ t]mse hn{K-lm-cm-[-
\-bm kzm[o-\n-¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶p. Ahsâ P\w D¶X Øm\-§-tfm-Spw,
hnip² kvXw`-§-tfmSpw, Aticm XqWp-I-tfm-Spw, aX-]-c-ambn ]pcpj
hy`n-Nmc ]cn-ioe-\-§Ä \S-¯p-¶-Xn-t\mSpw tNÀ¶ncp-¶p. ""At½m\y
kv{Xo Bbn-cp¶ \bam Bbn-cp¶p Ahsâ A½'' F¶ {]kvXm-h-\-
bn sblqZm cmPm-hm-bn-cp¶ scl-_-bm-ansâ Zpjn¨ hmgv¨ hyà-am-
¡p-¶p (1 cmPm. 14:21-þ31).
scl-_-bm-ans\ ]n³]än Ahsâ aI-\mb A_n-bmhv GXm\pw
hÀj-§Ä am{Xsa hmWn-cp-¶p-Åp (1 cmPm. 15:1þ8). AXn\p hn]-co-Xa - mbn
Ahsâ aI³ Bkm ssZh-Zr-jvSn-bn t\cp-ÅXv {]hÀ¯n-¡p-I-bpw,
tZi¯p \n¶p \o¡m-hp¶ hn{K-l-§fpw ]pcpj hy`n-Nm-chpw \o¡w
sNbvXp. hn{K-lm-cm-[\ aqew A½sb t]mepw (-sh-ey½ Bbn-cn-¡mw)
cmÚn F¶ Øm\¯p \n¶p \o¡n If-ªp (1 cmPm. 15:9þ15).
hmIyw 8. Bk-bpsS aI³ sbtlm-im-^m¯pw A¸s\ ]n´p-SÀ¶p,
Hcp \Ã cmPm-hm-bn-cp-¶p. Ah³ bn{km-tb-ep-ambn kam-[m-\-ap- m-¡n
(1 cmPm. 22:41-þ44). F§-s\-bm-bmepw, At¸mgpw Bfp-IÄ DbÀ¶ Øm\-
§-fn Bcm-[n-¨n-cp-¶p.
sbtlm-im-^m-¯nsâ aI³ tbmcmw (-sb-tlm-cmw) -\o-Xn-am-\mb Hcp
cmPm-hm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. Ah³ bn{km-tb-en hmW ZpjvS cmPm-hm-bn-cp¶
Blm-_nsâ aIÄ AY-eymsh hnhmlw Ign-¡bmbn-cp-¶p (2 cmPm.
8:16-þ19).
Cu ka-b¯v a¯m-bn-bpsS hwim-h-en-bn Hcp hnShv hcp-¶p (1:4,
5 t\m¡p-I). tbmcm-an¶pw DÊn-bm-hn\pw (A-k-cym-hv18) CS¡v sblq-
Zy-bn ]c-¼-cm-K-X-amb aq¶p cmPm-¡-·m-cp- m-bn-cp¶p: Al-kym-hv,
tbmiv (-tbm-hm-iv), Aa-kymhv F¶n-h-cm-bn-cp-¶p (1 Zn\. 3:11, 12; 2 cmPm.
8:25-þ27; 12:1þ21; 14:1þ22). Ah-fpsS aI³ acn-¨-t¸mÄ, ZpjvS kv{Xobm-bn-
cp¶ AYeym Zmho-Znsâ hwi-¯nÂ\n-¶pÅ cmPmhv hcm-Xn-cn-¡p-hm³
knwlm-k\w ]nSn-¨-S-¡n (2 cmPm¡·mÀ. 11). F§-s\-bm-bm-epw, _me-
\m-bn-cp¶ tbmhm-iv (-A-h-fpsS sIm¨p-a-I³) kwc-£n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw ]n
¶oSv sblq-Zy-bpsS cmPm-hmbn Xocp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ahsâ hmgv¨-¡m-
e-¯m-bn-cp¶p ssZhm-e-b-¯nsâ Aä-Ip-ä-¸-Wn-IÄ \S-¯n-b-Xv (2 cmPm-
¡-·mÀ 12). tbmhmipw Ahsâ aI³ Aa-kymhpw \Ã cmPm-¡-·m-cmbn
Adn-b-s¸-«n-cp-¶p (2 cmPm-¡·mÀ 12:2; 14:1þ3).
hmIyw 9. DÊn-bm-hpw (-A-k-cym-hv) Ahsâ aI³ tbmYmapw {Inbm-
ß-I-ambn ""btlm-h-bpsS ZrjvSn-bn t\cp-Å-hÀ'' Bbn-cp-¶p (2 cmPm-
¡-·mÀ 15:3, 34). F§-s\-bm-bm-epw, sblq-Zy-bnse Bfp-IÄ DbÀ¶
Øe-§-fn \a-kv¡-cn-¡p-I-bpw, A\y-tZ-h-·msc Bcm-[n-¡p-Ibpw
sNbvXn-cp-¶p (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 15:4, 35). AXn-ep-]-cn-bm-bn, DÊn-bm-hnsâ
imTyw \nan¯w ssZhw Ah¶p IpjvT-tcmKw hcp¯n: Ah³ ssZhm-e-
b-¯-n [q]w AÀ¸n-¡p-hm³ {ian-¨p, AXp \nb-a-]-c-ambn ]ptcm-ln-X-
·mÀ¡p am{Xsa sN¿p-hm³ A\p-hm-Z-ap- m-bn-cp-¶p-Åp (2 Zn\. 26:16-þ21).
tbmYm-ansâ aI³ Blmkv A\y-tZ-h-·msc \a-kv¡-cn-¡bpw,
Xsâ aIs\ Aán-{]-th-i\w sN¿n-¡bpw sNbvXp- þ -ssZ-h-ap³]msI

33
t¾O-amb {]hr-¯n (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 16:1þ4)! Za-kvs¡m-kn t£{X-¯nÂ
A\y-tZ-h\p bmKw AÀ¸n-¡p-hm³ Hcp ]pXnb bmK-]oTw ]Wn-bp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. AXn-ep-]c - n-bmbn Ah³ ssZhs¯ {]km-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶X - n\p ]Icw,
Aiqcy cmPm-hns\ {]km-Zn-¸n-¡p-hm-\mbn«msW¶p tXm¶p¶p ssZhm-
e-b-¯n\p Nne amä-§fpw hcp-¯n (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 16:10-þ20).
Blm-knsâ aI³ lnkv¡n-bm-hv, ssZh-t¯mSv hniz-kvX-\m-bn-cp-
¶p, Ah³ DbÀ¶ Øm\-§-sf, hnip² XqWp-I-sf, Aticm kvXw`-
§sf FÃmw \in-¸n-¨p, IqSmsX hn{K-l-ambn Bcm-[n-¨n-cp¶ ]n¨f
kÀ¸-s¯bpw \in-¸n-¨p (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 18:1þ8). Ah³ sblq-Zysb _n.
-kn. 722þÂ hmWp-sIm- n-cp-¶-t¸mÄ, Aipcy bn{km-tb-ens\ {]hm-kn-
I-fm-¡n (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 18:9þ12). DSs\ Xs¶, ssZhw AÛp-X-I-c-ambn
lnkv¡n-bm-hns\ hnSp-hn¨v, 185,000 Aip-cysc sIm¶p sbcp-itew ]«-
Ws¯ AtX hn[n-bn-em-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 18:13þ19:37).
sbcp-i-te-an D]-tcm-[s¯ sNdp-¡p-hm-\mbn shÅ-¯n Xpc¦w
D m-¡n-b-Xn\v HmÀ½n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-h-\mWv lnkv¡n-bm-hv (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ
20:20). B Xpc¦w C¶pw ImWmw.
hmIyw 10. ho pw DbÀ¶ Øm\-§-fpw, _men¶p bmK-]oTw ]Wn-
bp-Ibpw, Aticm {]XnjvTIÄ ]Wn-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn-\m lnkvIn-
bm-hnsâ aI³ a\sÈ ssZh ZrjvSn-bn ZpjvSX {]hr-¯n-¨p. Ah³
ssZhm-e-b-¯nse an¶p¶ tZh-·msc \a-kv¡-cn-¡bpw, Xsâ aIs\
Aán-{]-th-i\ _en AÀ¸n-¡bpw sNbvXp (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 21:1þ6). cmPm-
hn-tâbpw P\-¯n-tâbpw ZpjvSX \ndª PohnXw \nan¯w ssZhw
sblq-Zysb {]hm-k-¯n-se¡v Ab-¡p-¶p (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 21:10þ16). a\-
sÈ-bpsS aI³ Btam\pw sa¨-am-bn-cp-¶nÃ; Ahsâ `rXy-·mÀ Ah-s\-
Xnsc Xncnªp Ahs\ sIm¶p-I-f-ªp (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 21:19-þ24).
Btamsâ aI³ tbmin-bm-hv, F«p hb-km-bt¸mÄ cmPm-hm-bn,
Ahsâ at\m-`mhw asäm-¶m-bn-cp-¶p. ssZhm-e-b-¯nÂ\n¶p btlm-h-
bpsS \ymb-{]-amWw Is -¯n-b-t¸m-Ä, ]p\-cp-°m\ {]Øm-\-¯n-\mbn
Ah³ {ian-¨p (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 22:1þ23:25). Ah³ \ymb-{]-am-Ws¯ P\-
¯n\p hmbn-¨p-tIĸn-¡p-Ibpw ssZh-hp-am-bpÅ \nbaw ]pXp-¡p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. A\y-tZ-h-·mÀ¡pÅ ]e hkvXp-¡fpw Ah³ \o¡w sNbvXp
(-hn-{K-l-§Ä, bmK-]o-T-§Ä, XqWp-IÄ, kvXw`-§Ä, ]m{X-§Ä) apX-
em-b-h, (]ptcm-ln-X-·m-sc-bpw, ]pcp-j-hym-`n-Nm-cn-I-sfbpw, Bßn-b-amb
am²y-a-§sfbpw \o¡w sNbvXp).
hmIyw 11. tbmin-bm-hnsâ Ime¯v {Inbm-ß-I-amb amä-§Ä kw`-
hn-¨n-«pw, sblq-Zy-tbmSp ssZhw Xsâ t{Im[w {]ISn-¸n-¡p-hm³ Xs¶
Xocp-am-\n-¨p (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 23:26, 27). a¯mbn Xsâ hwim-h-en-bnÂ
tbmin-bm-hnsâ aI³ Gen-bm-¡n-ans\ (sbtlm-bn-bm-¡nw) ]d-bmsX
Hcp Xe-ap-dsb IqsS Hgn-hm¡n (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 23:34-þ24:6; 1 Zn\ 3:15,
16).19 _m_n-tem-\n-te¡v \mSp-I-S-¯-s¸-«-t¸mÄ, Gen-bm-¡n-ansâ aI³
sbsJm-\y (-sb-tlm-bm-¡n³) Bbn-cp¶p hmWn-cp-¶-Xv. B ""\mSp-I-
S-¯Â'' kw`-hn-¨Xv _n. -kn. 597þ Bbn-cp¶p; B ka-b¯v an¡-
hm-dp-apÅ cmP-Inb IpSpw-_-§-sf-Ãmw _mt_Â {]hm-k-¯n-te¡v

34
FSp-¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶p (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 24:8þ16). ktlm-Z-c-·mcpw F¶ {]
tbmKw A£-cnI ktlm-Z-c-·m-sc-bmWv kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv (1:2 t\m¡p-I)
AsÃ-¦nÂ, ""Ahsâ DtZym-K-Øtcm tZis¯ {]am-Wn-amtcm BImw.''
(2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 24:15).
B ka-b-¯v, sbsJm-\ym-hnsâ A½m-h-\m-bn-cp¶ aY-\ym-hnsâ t]
À s\_q-sJ-Zvt\-kÀ knsZ-¡n-bm-sh¶v amän, sblqZym knwlm-k-\-¯n-
en-cp-¯n. s\_q-sJ-Zvt\-kÀ Ah-km\w _n. -kn. 586þÂ sbcp-i-te-ans\
bpw AXnse ssZhm-eb - s- ¯bpw \in-¸n-¡p-¶X
- p-hsc Ah³ ]Xn-s\m¶p
kwhÂkcw sblqZy hmWp. knsZ-¡n-bmhv Xsâ I¬ap-¶n sh¨v
Xsâ a¡sf sImÃp-¶Xv I p-\n¶p; ]ns¶ Ahsâ I®p-IÄ Nqgv¶v
FSp-¯p-I-f-ªp. knsZ-¡n-bm-hn-s\bpw tijn¨ an¡ P\-s¯bpw _m
t_-en-te¡v {]hm-kn-I-fmbn sIm p-t]mbn (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 24:17-þ25:21).20
a¯m-bn-bpsS hwim-he - n-bn- Ahs\ DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«nà ImcWw Ah³
{InkvXp-hnsâ hwim-h-en-bn-Â t\cn-«p -h-cp-¶n-Ã.

Zmho-Znsâ Ah-Im-in-IÄ (1:12-þ16)

12_mt_Â {]hmkw Ign-ªn«p sbsJm-\ymhv sib-¯o-tb-ens\
P\n-¸n-¨p. sisb¯o-tb skcp-ºm-t_-ens\ P\n-¸n-¨p. 13skcp-
ºm-t_Â A_o-lq-ans\ P\n-¸n-¨p. A_olqZv Geym-¡ns\ P\n-¸n-¨p.
Geym¡nw Btkm-cns\ P\n-¸n-¨p. 14BtkmÀ kmtZm-¡ns\ P\n-¸n-¨p.
kmtZm¡v Bbo-cns\ P\n-¸n-¨p. Bbow Gen-lq-hns\ P\n-¸n¨p. 15Geo-
lqZv Geym-ksc P\n-¸n-¨p. Geo-bm-kÀ a°ms\ P\n-¸n-¨p. a°m³
bms¡m-_ns\ P\n-¸n-¨p. 16bms¡m_v adn-b-bpsS `À¯m-hmb tbmtk-
^ns\ P\n-¸n-¨p-. A-h-fnÂ\n¶p {InkvXp F¶p t]cpÅ tbip P\n-¨p.

hwim-h-en-bpsS Cu aq¶m-as¯ `mK-¯v (1:12-þ16) sbcq-iteanse

knwlm-k-\-¯n hmgm-Xn-cp¶ Zmho-Znsâ Ah-Im-in-I-sf-bmWv ]d-bp-
¶-Xv. GXm v Adp-\qdp hÀj-¡m-esaSp¯v tbip ain-lm-bpsS P\-\-
¯nsâ D¨-Øm-bn-bn-te¡v hcp-¶p.
hmIyw 12. hwim-h-en-bpsS H¶mw `mK-¯nÂ\n-¶p c mw `mK-¯n-
te¡v amdp-t¼mÄ ""Zmho-Zns\'' FSp¯p ]d-ªmWv Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xv. (1:6)
-c- m-as¯ `mK-¯p-\n¶p ap¶m-a-t¯-Xn-te¡v amdp-t¼mÄ sbsJm-\y
m-hn-s\bpw _m_n-tem-Wn-te-¡pÅ \mSp-I-S-¯epw D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cn-¡p-
¶p (1:11, 12; 1:17 se ]cm-aÀihpw t\m¡pI). ChnsS ]d-bp¶ Imew, ""{]
hmkw Bcw-`n-¨-Xn\p tij-apÅ Ime-am-Wv, AÃmsX {]hmkw Ign-ª-
ti-j-ap-Å-X-Ã.''21
{InkvXp-hnsâ hwim-he - n-bn a¯mbn sbsJm-\ym-hn-s\bpw DÄs¸-
Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. CXv {i²n-t¡- -Xm-Wv, ImcWw ssZhw bnscaym {]
hm-N-I³ apJm-´cw ]d-ªp, ""btlm-h-bpsS hN\w tIÄ¡, Cu Bsf
a¡-fn-Ãm-¯-h³ F¶pw Bbp-jv¡m-e¯v Hcn-¡epw ip`w hcm-¯-h³
F¶pw Fgp-Xp-hn³; C\n Zmho-Znsâ knwlm-k-\-¯n Ccp¶v sblq-Z-
bn hmgp-hm³ Ahsâ k´-Xn-bn bmsXm-cp-¯\pw ip`w hcn-I-bnÃ

35
F¶p btlmh Acp-fn-s¨-¿p¶p'' (bn-sc-. 22:30). sa¡mÀth ]d-ªp,
""knwlm-k-\-¯n-en-cn-¡p-hm³ ]n³Km-an-bn-Ãm¯ hn[w Ah³ a¡-fn-Ãm-
¯-h³ BIpw.''22
B {]kvXm-h\ FSp-¯mÂ, tbip sbcp-it- e-an `uXn-Ia - mb hmgv¨
\S-¯p-Ib - nà F¶p \ap¡v Dd-¸n-¡mw. Ah³ C¶p Zmho-Znsâ knwlm-k\ - -
¯n-en-cp¶p hmgp-¶Xv kzÀK-¯n-en-cp¶p Bßn-ba - m-bn-«m-Wv ({]-hr-¯n-IÄ
2:29-þ36). Ahsâ cmPyw/k` temI-¯n h¶ s]s´-sIm-kvXp- \m
Ä apXÂ Ah³ hmWp-sIm- n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. tbip BIm-i-ta-L-¯nÂ
ho pw hcp-t¼mÄ Ah³ Xsâ cmPyw ]nXm-hmb ssZh-¯n\v GÂ]n-
¨p-sIm-Sp-¡pw (1 sImcn-. 15:23-þ26; 1 sXk-. 4:16, 17).
sbsJm-\y-bp-sS (""XS-hp-Im-c³'') Ggp ]p{X-·msc ]g-b-\n-ba hwim-
hen tcJ-bn ImWmw. si¯n-tb enÌn Gähpw apI-fn-emWv
hcp-¶-Xv (1 Zn\. 3:17, 18)23 atkm-dnIv ]pkvX-I-¯n (-Fw-Sn) skcp-ºm-
t_-ensâ A¸³ ""s]Z¿m'' F¶p ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p (1 Zn\. 3:19), F¶mÂ
sk]väz-Pnân ""si¯n-tbÂ'' F¶m-Wv. aäp thZ-`m-K-§-fp-ambn
tbmPn-¡p-¶Xv c m-aXp ]d-ª-Xm-Wv (-F{km 3:2, 8; s\l. 12:1; lKm.
1:12, 14; 2:2, 23). ""Cu ]mc-¼-cy-§sf tbmPn-¸n-¡p¶ ]e \nÀt±-i-§fpw
]ptcm-K-an-¨n-«p v; Ah-sbÃmw kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv, skcp-ºm-t_Â s]Z-¿m-
bpsS A£-cnI aI-\m-sW-¶pw, si¯n-tb hcp-¶Xp \nb-]-c-amb
hnhm-l-¯n IqsS-bm-sW-¶p-am-Wv (-B-h. 25:5þ10).''24 eqs¡m-knsâ
kphn-ti-j-¯n si¯n-tb-en-t\bpw skcp-ºm-t_-en-s\bpw ho pw
_Ôn-¸n-¨p-sIm- mWv ]d-bp-¶-Xv (eq-s¡m. 3:27, 31).
_n. -kn. 538þÂ ]mÀkn cmPm-hm-bn-cp¶ tImc-insâ IÂ]\ {]Imcw
{]hm-k-¯nÂ\n¶p sbcp-i-te-an-te¡v aS-§n-h-¶-h-cn DÄs¸-«-h-\m-
bn-cp¶p skcp-ºm-t_Â (-F{km 1:1þ2:2). aS§n h¶ sblq-Z-·m-cpsS
\mb-I-\m-bn-cp¶ Ah-s\, ""sblqZm {]`q-hmb tiiv_-kÀ'' F¶pw
hnfn-¨n-cp¶p (F{km 1:8) F¶p ]mc-¼cyw ]d-bp-¶p. F§-s\-bm-bm-epw,
skcp-ºm-t_epw tiiv_k - dpw c p hyàn-If - m-bn-cp-¶p. skcp-_m-t_Â
""sblq-Zy-bnse c m-as¯ \mSp-hm-gn-bm-bn-cp¶p'' (l-Km. 2:21). skcp-
_m-t_-ens\ ssZhw ""ap{Z-tam-Xncw'' (l-Km. 2:23) B¡p-sa¶p ]d-ª-Xv,
cmP-Io-ab - mb A[n-Im-cs¯ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p. Hcp ]s£ Zmho-Znsâ hwim-
h-en-bnÂIqsS hcp¶ ain-lm¡v Du¶Â sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Imw.25
hmIy-§Ä 13-þ15. skcp-_m-t_-en\p tijw, Dt±iw Aªq-þ-dv-þ-
hÀjIme-b-f-hns\ H³]-Xvt]sc ]d-ªp-sIm v hyà-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-
¶p. A_q-lq-Zv, Gen-bm¡ow, BtkmÀ, kmtZm-¡v, BJnw, Gen-bq-Zv,
Fe-bm-kÀ, a°m³, bmt¡m-_v. AXp-sIm- v, FÃm Xe-ap-d-tbbpw {]
Xn-\n-[o-I-cn¨p F¶Xv kwi-bm-kv]-Z-am-Wv. Cu ]pcp-j-·m-cpsS t]cp-
IÄ ]g-b-\n-ba hwim-h-en-bn CÃ. Imc-Ww, AhÀ an¡-t]cpw c p
\nb-a-§Ä¡p-an-S-bn Pohn-¨-h-cm-bn-cp-¶p. a¯m-bn¡v Cu hwim-hen
In«n-bXv asämcp Dd-hn-S-¯n \n¶m-bn-cn-¡mw. blqZ Ncn-{X-Im-c-\m-bn-
cp¶ tPmsk-^kv, ]utcm-lnXy IpSpw-_-¯nÂ\n-¶p-Å-h-\m-bn-cp-¶p,
Xsâ hwim-hen Ønco-I-cn-¨p-sIm v ""s]mXp-hmb tcJ-I-fn hnh-cn-¨-
X-\p-k-cn¨v'' BWv Xsâ Bß-IY X¿m-dm-¡n-b-Xv26 ZmhoZp cmPm-hnsâ

36
hwim-he - n-bn blqZ P\-¯n\v {]tXyI XmÂ]-cy-ap- m-bn-cp-¶p. tbip-
hnsâ IpSpw-_-¯n \nt¶m AsÃ-¦n s]mXp hnh-cW tcJ-I-fn \n
t¶m Bbn-cn¡mw a¯m-bn¡v Cu hnh-c-§Ä e`n-¨-Xv. XoÀ¨-bmbpw
P\-kwJym IW¡v sImSp-¡p-hm³ Zmho-Zn-sâ ]«-W-amb t_Xve-tl-an-
te¡v tbmtk^v adn-bsb sIm pt]mb-t¸mÄ Ah\v Xsâ hwim-hen
Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p (-eqt¡m 2:1þ7).
hmIyw 16. a¯mbnbpsS kphn-ti-j-¯nse hwim-h-en, tbip-hnsâ
hfÀ¯-¸-\mb tbmtk-^ns\ bmt¡m_v F¶v t]cp-Å-hsâ aI³
F¶mWv ]d-ª-Xv. eqt¡m-knsâ kphn-ti-j-¯n tbmtk-^ns\ Gen
(tl-en) -bpsS aI³ F¶mWv ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv (eqt¡m 3:23). Cu t]m
cp-¯a - n-Ãmbva F§-s\-bmWv tbmPn-¡pI? a¯m-bn-bpsS hwim-he - n-bnÂ,
]e Xe-ap-d-I-tfbpw hn«v If-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xmbn a\-kn-em-¡n-bn-«p- v,
AXm-bn-cn¡mw hyXym-k-¯n\p Imc-Ww. asämcp km[y-X-sb-s´-¶mÂ
tbmtk^v hmkvX-h-¯n bmt¡m-_nsâ aI\pw adn-b-bpsS A¸-\mb
tlen-bpsS acp-þa-I-\pwþBbn-cp-¶p. AXv c v hwim-h-en-IÄ X½n-epÅ
hyXym-ks¯ hnh-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX, Cu hwim-h-en-Isf hniz-
kn-¡-¯¡ coXn-bn tbmPn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-am-Wv.27 c p coXn-bn-em-bm-epw,
tbmtk^pw adn-bbpw Zmho-Znsâ hwim-h-en-bn \n¶mWv h¶-Xv.
tbmtk^v ""tbip-hnsâ A¸³'' Bbn-cp¶p F¶v ]d-bm-Xn-cn-¡p-
hm³ a¯mbn {]tXyIw {i²n-¨p. Ah³ Du¶Â sImSp-¯Xv tbmtk^v
adn-b-bpsS `À¯m-hm-bn-cp-¶p F¶-Xn-\m-Wv, adn-bsb tbip-hnsâ A½-
bmbn ]d-bp-¶p- v. I\yI adn-bm-anÂIq-sS-bpÅ AÛpX P\-\s¯
FSp-¯p-Im-Wn-¡p-¶-XmWv Cu `mjm {]tbm-Kw (1:18-þ25).
tbip-hns\ ainlm AsÃ-¦n ""{InkvXp'' F¶mWv ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-
Xv. Cu `mK¯v Zmho-Znsâ Ah-Im-in-IÄ (1:12-þ16) cmPm-hmbn hmgp-¶n-sÃ-
¦nepw, tbip cmPm-hmbn hmgp-¶p. Zmho-Znsâ knwlm-k\ - ¯
- nse Ahsâ
`c-Ww, F§-s\-bm-bmepw Bßo-b-am-Wv. Hcn-¡epw \in-¡m¯ \nXy
cmPy-s¯-bmWv Ah³ kzÀ¤-¯n hmgp-¶Xv ({]-hr-¯n-IÄ 2:29-þ36;
Zm\n 2:44; 7:13, 14).

kw£n]vXw (1:17)
17C§s\ Xe-ap-d-IÄ BsI A{_lmw apXÂ Zmho-Zvhsc ]
Xn-¶mepw ZmhoZv apXÂ _mt_Â {]hm-k-t¯mfw ]Xn-¶mepw _m
t_Â{]-hmkw apXÂ {InkvXp-hn-t\mfw ]Xn-¶mepw BIp-¶p.

hmIyw 17. hwim-h-en-bpsS Npcp-¡-amWv Cu hmIyw. hmIyw 1sâ {]

Xn-_nw-_a- mbn, ChnsS ImWmw. hmIyw 1þÂ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ t]cp-If - psS
{Iaw (""tbip-a-in-lm,'' ""ZmhoZv,'' ""A{_lmw'') hmIyw 17þÂ Xe-Xn-cnª
{Ia-¯n-emWv sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶Xv (""A{_-lmw,'' ""Zmho-Zv,'' ""ainlm'').
AXp-Iq-Sm-sX, hwim-h-ensb aq¶p `mK-§-fmbn Xncn-¨v, Hmtcm-¶nepw ]
Xn-\mev Xe-ap-d-Ifpw DÄs¸-Sp¯n:

37
 1. A{_lmw apXÂ ZmhoZv hsc (1:2þ6);
2. ZmhoZv apXÂ _mt_Â {]hmkw hsc (1:6þ11);
3. _mt_Â {]hmkw apXÂ ain-lm-hsc (1:12-þ16).

PmIv ]n, eqbn-kv. aäp ]WvUn-X-·m-tcm-sSm¸w ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, ""CXv

a\-¸m-T-am-¡p-hm³''28 F-fp¸w F¶m-Wv. IqSmsX blqZ Ncn-{X-¯nsâ
aq¶p Ime-b-f-hns\ Npcp¡n ]d-ªn-cn-¡-bp-am-Wv.
Zmho-Znsâ t]cn\p Xpey-amb kwJy¡v NneÀ {]m[m\yw sImSp-¯n-
cn-¡p-¶Xp ImWmw (F-{_mb kzssc-Iy-§-tfmSp IqSn AXns\ en]n-amän
""UnU»nbpUn'') F¶v ]Xn-\mep {]mhiyw ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶p. (""Un''
F¶Xv A£-c-am-e-bnse \mem-as¯ A£-chpw ""U»nbp'' F¶Xv
Bdm-as¯ A£-c-hp-am-Wv: 4+6+4=14.) Cu ho£-Ws¯ eqbnkv ]
d-ªXv ""sXfn-bn-¡p-hmt\m AsÃ-¦n \ncm-Icn-¡p-hmt\m Ign-bp¶
A\p-am-\-ambn kzoI-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p'' F¶m-Wv.29
aq¶p-Iq«w hwim-h-enbpw tbmPn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv, Hmtcm-¶nepw ]
Xn-¶mev Xe-ap-d-I-fm-bn-«m-Wv, {InkvXp-hnsâ hc-thm-Sp-IqSn AXv ]qÀW-
am-Ip-¶-Xmbpw ImWn-¡p-¶p (Kem 4:4). F§-s\-bm-bmepw, Ah-km\
`mKs¯ F®p-¶Xv {]bm-k-apÅ Imcy-am-Wv (1:12-þ16). AXn ]Xn-\mep
t]cp-IÄ¡p ]Icw ]Xn-aq¶p t]-cp-IÄ am{X-am-Wv- D-ÅXv. Cu _q²n-
ap«v ]cn-l-cn-¡p-hm³ ]e \nÀt±-i-§fpw apt¶m«p sh¨n-«p- v, F¶mÂ
Ah-bn H¶pw ]oÀ®-ambn Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶n-Ã.
Hcp ]cn-lmcw sbtJm-\y-bn ¶n¶p F®p-¶-Xm-Wv, Ah-\nÂ\n-
¶mWv c m-as¯ `mKw XpS-§p-¶-Xv (1:11, 12). F¶n-cp-¶mepw Zmho-Zns\
H¶m-as¯ `mK-¯p-\n¶pw c m-as¯ `mK-t¯¡v IS-¡p-t¼mgpw ]
d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p (1:6) Ahs\ c mw {]mh-hiyw F®n-bn-«n-Ã.
]Xn-\mep Xe-ap-db
- n F¯p-hm-\mbn adn-bt- bbpw F®n-bn-cn-¡p¶p
F¶-XmWv asämcp ]cnlm-c-km-[y-X. F§-s\-bm-bmepw aäp kv{XoIsf
Btcbpw hwim-h-en-bn F®n-bn-«n-Ã. tbmtk^v asämcp Xe-ap-d-bnepw
adnb thsdmcp Xe-ap-d-bnepw DÄs¸-«n-cp-¶-hÀ X½n hnhm-ln-X-cm-bn-cn-
¡p¶p F¶Xv Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-ambn tXm¶mw.
c m-as¯ `mK¯v ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ Fs¡m-\ym-hns\ ""sbtlm-
bn-bm¡ow F¶p hmbn-¡Ww (AsÃ-¦n Hcp ]s£ ""Fen-bm¡ow''
F¶m-¡-Ww; 2 cm-Pm-¡-·mÀ 23:34þ24:6), A§s\ btlm-\y-bpsS t]
À aq¶m-as¯ Iq«-¯n F®n ]Xn-\mev Xe-ap-d-bm-¡-Ww.30 F¦n-epw,
c p hyXykvX t]cp-If - psS thZ-`mKsXfn-hp-IÄ Ahy-àa - m-Wv. IqSmsX,
Cu \nÀt±iw kzoI-cn-¨m Hmtcm ]pcp-j-tâbpw t]À hwim-h-en-bnÂ
BhÀ¯n-¡p-¶Xv tNcmsX Ccn-¡pw.

]mT-§Ä

D]-tbm-K-an-Ãm¯ hmIy-§Ä (1:1þ17)

ss__nÄ hnZymÀ°n-IÄ ]eXpw a¯mbn 1:1þ17se hwim-hen
shdpsX hmbn¨p hn«p If-bpw. F§-s\-bm-bmepw, B enÌnse Bfp-

38
I-fn NneÀ {]m-[m-\y-aÀln-¡m-¯-h-cm-bn-cp-¶p, ]e-t¸mgpw Ah-cpsS
t]cp-IÄ D¨-cn-¡p-hm³ Xs¶ {]bm-k-ap-Å-Xmbncp-¶p. AXp-t]m-se,
hwim-h-en-bn C¶v \ap¡p Nne ]mT-§fpw D v.

1. ssZhw Xsâ hmKvZm-\-§Ä Bhsâ ka-b¯v \nd-th-äpw.

2. Xsâ P\w Xt¶mSv aÂk-cn-¨m ssZhw Ahsc
in£n¡pw.
3. Xsâ CjvSw \nd-th-äp-hm³ ssZhw ]m]n-I-tfbpw D]-tbm-Kn-
¡pw.
4. Hcm-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-¡-fpsS ]m]w ssZhw Abm-fn IW-
¡n-Sp-- I-bn-Ã.
5. ssZhw bn{km-tb-ens\ Øm]n-¡p-Ibpw kwc-£n-¡p-Ibpw
sN bvXXv {InkvXp-hns\ Ah-cnÂIqsS temI-¯n-te-¡-b-
¡p-hm-\m- bn-cp-¶p.31

tbip-hnsâ hwim-h-en-bnse kv{XoIÄ (1:1þ17)

{InkvXp-hnsâ hwim-h-en-bn ]dª A©p kv{XoI-tfbpw DÄs¸-
Sp¯n Hcp {]kwKw X¿m-dm-¡mw:

1. XmamÀ þ Hcp ]cn-lmk ]m{X-amb kv{Xo (1:3; Dev]. 38:6þ30);

2. cmlm-_v þ hnizm-kn-bm-bn-XoÀ¶ thiy (1:5; tbmiph 2:1-þ21);
3. cq¯v þ Hcp hniz-kvX-bmb acp- þ -a-IÄ (1:5; cq¯v 1þ4);
4. s_Xvti-_ þ Ahn-iz-kvX-bmb Hcp `mcy (1:6; 2 iap 11; 12);
5. adn-b þ ssZhw Xsâ ]p{X-\mbn Xnc-sª-Sp¯ A½ (1:16;
1:18-þ25; 12:46-þ50; eqs¡m 1:26-þ56; 2:1þ52; tbml 2:1þ11; 19:25-þ27).32

Ipdn-¸p-IÄ
1 U¥kv FÊv . l^v a m³, ""Po\n- t bm- f - P n,'' C³ Un£v W dn Hm^v
PokÊv Bâ v Z tKmkv]Âkv, FUn. tPmb _n. {Ko³ Bâ vkvtIm«v
saIvss\äv (Uu-tWgvkv t{Kmhv, Ill.: CâÀ hmgvknän {]Êv, 1992), 255. 2sat{Im-
_n-bkv tkäÀ\m-en-b 2.4.11. 3bqtk-_n-bkv Ft¢-jn-bm-Ìn-¡Â lnÌdn 1.7.13.
4Cu Imgv¨-¸m-Sn-epÅ _p²n-ap-s«-s´-¶m tbmtk-^nsâ t]À c p hnh-c-
W-§-fnepw DÅ-t¸mÄ, adn-b-bpsS t]À eqs¡m-knsâ kphn-ti-j-¯n t]m
epw ]d-bp-¶n-Ã. 5Pm¡v ]n. eqbn-kv, Z tKmkv¸Â Ft¡m-UnMv äp amXyp, ]mÀ«v
1, Z enhnMv thUv Iaâdn (B-Ìn³, sSIvkv.: kzoäv ]»n-jnMv I¼-\n., 1976), 35.
6tUm-WmÄUv F lmKv\À, amXyp 1þ13, thÄUv _n»n-¡Â Iaâ-dn, hmeyw 33 F
(U-Åmkv: thUv _pIvkv, 1993) 9. 7 sU¥Êv BÀ. F. -sl-bÀ, amXyp, CâÀs{]
t«-j³ (eq-bnkv hntÃ: tPm¬ t\mIvkv {]Êv, 1993), 6. 8en-tbm¬ tamdn-kv,
Z tKmkv]Â Ft¡m-UnMv äp amXyp, ]nÃÀ Iaâdn ({Kmâ v dm¸nSvkv ssa¡v.:
U»nbpFw. _n. FUvam³kv ]»n-jnMv I¼-\n., 1992),20. 9l^vam³, 255. 10-tU-
hnUv lnÂ, Z tKmkv]Â- Hm^v amXyp, Z \yq sk©pdn ss__nÄ Iaâdn ({Kmâ v
dm¸nSvkv ssa¡v.: U»nbpFw, _n. FUvam³kv ]»n-jnwKv I¼\n., 1972), 75.

39
 11]e hwimhenI-fnepw ]pcp-j-·m-cpsS t]À am{X-am-Wp-ÅXv. F§-s\-
bm-bm-epw,-]-gb \nb-a-¯nse hwim-h-en-I-fn kv{XoI-tfbpw DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-
bn-cp-¶p. (Dev] 22:20-þ24; 25:1þ6; 36:1þ14; 1 Zn-\. 1:32; 2:3, 4, 18-þ20, 24, 26, 46; 3:1þ9.)
Nne-t¸mÄ A¸\v H¶n-e-[n-Iw- `m-cy-amÀ/sh¸m-«n-amÀ D m-bn-cp-¶p, AXp-
sIm v B kv{XoIsf ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶Xv ]p{X-·msc Xcw Xncn-¡p-¶-Xn\p
th n-bm-bn-cp-¶p. 12-l-^vam³ 255-þ56. 13 eqbnkv, 39. 14-l-^vam³, 256. 15tdm-_À«v
F¨v. sK{ân, amXyq; F Iaâdn Hm¬ lnkv enä-ddn Bâ v Xntbm-f-Pn-¡Â
BÀ«v, ({Kmâ v dm¸nUvkv, ssa¡v.: U»nbpFw. _n. -F-Uvam³kv ]»n-jnwMv
I¼-\n., 1982) 15. 16hneyw sl³dn-Ivk³, \yqsS-Ì-saâ v Iaâdn: FIvkvs]
m-kn-j³ Hm^v Z tKmkv]Â Ft¡m-UnMv äp amXyp ({Kmâ v dm¸nUvkv ssa¡v.:
t_¡-À _p¡v lukv, 1973), 116. 17sP. U»n-bp. saIvKmÀth, Z \ypsS-Ìsaâ v
Iaâ-dn, hmeyw. 1, amXyq Bâ v amÀ¡v (F³, ]n., 1875; do{]nâ v, Unsse-äv,
BÀ¡v.: tKmkv]Â sseäv ]»njnMv I¼-\n., F³. -Un.), 16. 18""Dkn-bmhv''
(Hm-kn-b³kv) F¶ cmPmhv GXm-sW-¶-dn-ª-Xn-s\-¡p-dn¨v XÀ¡-ap- v. NneÀ
Al-kym-hns\ A\p-Iq-en-¡p-¶p, F¶m IpSp-X km²yX Ak-cym-hn-\
mWv (2 cmPm 14:21; 15:13, 30). 19-G-en-bm-¡o-ansâ ktlm-Z-c³ btlm-hm-lm-kv- þ
-{In-kvXp-hnsâ hwim-h-en-bpsS `mK-am-Ip-¶n-Ã þ Ah³ ap¶p-am-k-am-bn-cp¶p
hmWXv F¶m Ahs\ ^d-thm-\m-bn-cp¶ \nt¡m Øm\{`jvS-\m-¡n (2- cmPm
23:31-þ33) 20sbcp-i-te-an \n¶p _mt_-en-te¡v \mep XhW {]-hm-kn-Isf ]n
Sn¨psIm p t]mbn (Zm\n 1:1þ7; bnsc 52:28-þ30): (1) _n. -kn. 605þÂ Zm\n-tb-ens\
sIm p-t]mbn, (2) _n. -kn. 597þÂ FtJm\ysb sIm p-t]mbn, (3) _n. -kn.
586þÂ knsZ-Iym-hns\ sIm p-t]m-bn, (4) _n. -kn. 582þÂ \mSp-hm-gn-bm-bn-cp¶
sKZ-eym-hns\ sIm¶p-I-fªp.
21lmKv\À, 11. 22-sa-IvKmÀth, 21. 23s\_p-J-Zvt\-k-dnsâ hmgv¨-sb-¡p-dn¨v ]
d-bp¶ _mt_ ]pkvX-I-¯n cmP-Iob Imcy-§sf ]n³Xm-§n-b-hÀ¡p-Å
tdjsâ Imcyw ]d-bp-¶p, AXn ""blq-Zm-cm-Pm-hnsâ 5 ]p{X-·m-sc-¡p-dn¨pw
]d-bp-¶p'' (sP-bnwkv _n. dn¨mÀUv, FUn., G³jyâ v \yq Cut̬ sSIvkv;
dnte-änwKv äpZn HmÄUvsSÌ-saâ v 3Uv. FUn. [{]n³Ì³, F³. sP.: {]n³Ì³
bqWn-th-gvknän {]Êv, 1969], 308). 24F¨v. Pn. Fw. hnÃyw-k¬, ""skcp-ºm-t_Â,''
C³ Z CâÀ\m-j-W ÌmtâÀUv ss__nÄ F³sskt¢m]oUn-b, dh. FUn.,
FUn. sP{^n U»n-bp. t{_mante ({Kmâ v dm¸nSvkv ssa¡v.: U»nbpFw. _n.
FUvam³kv ]»n-jnwKv I¼-\n., 1988), 4:1193. 25AXn\v hn]-co-X-am-bn, ssZhw
sbtJm-\ytbmSp ]dªp (tIm-\n-b, btlm-bm¡ow), ""Ahsâ he-Xp-ssI-bnÂ
ap{Zm-tam-Xncw,'' Ds -¦-nepw Ahs\ \o¡n-¡-fbpw (bnsc 22:24.). 26tPmsk-^kv
sse^v 1.1þ6; ko FsK³Ìv A¸n-tbm¬ 1.7. 27ap³]p ]d-ª-Xp-t]mse, a-¯mbn
1 ImWn-¡p-¶Xv tbmtk-^nsâ hwim-h-enbpw, eqs¡mkv 3 hn-h-cn-¡p-¶Xp adn-
b-bp-tS-Xp-am-sW¶v ]ecpw Icp-Xp¶p. 28-eq-bn-kv, 36. 29-C-_nUv., 37. Cu ]cn-io-e-
\-¯nsâ kmt¦-XnI t]cmWv ""sPa-{Xnb.'' AXm-bn-cn¡mw shfn-¸mSv 13:17,18þÂ
D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. sPa-{Xn-b-bpsS hyà-amb DZm-l-c-W-amWv _À¶-_mkv
9:8þ ImWp-¶-Xv. 30lmáÀ, 5þ6 t\m¡p-I.
31-t_kvUv Hm¬ Pm¡v hnb³, ""Z ss__nÄkv bqskÊv shgvkÊv,''
BÀFkvhn]n \yqsjÂäÀ 49-þ12-þ80-þ12 (1980). bqkvUv ss_ s]Àan-j³ Hm^v
Pm¡v hnb³, ]n. -H. t_mIvkv. 2222, ^vtfmd³kv, AÂ. 35630. 32-C-_n-Uv.

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