OPERATOR'S MANUAL

BACKHOE LOADER
3CX, 4CX, 5CX

EN - 9831/0400 ISSUE 8 - 03/2018

THIS MANUAL SHOULD ALWAYS STAY WITH THE MACHINE

 Foreword
The Operator's Manual

You and others can be killed or seriously injured

if you operate or maintain the machine without
first studying the Operator's Manual. You must
understand and follow the instructions in the
Operator's Manual. If you do not understand
anything, ask your employer or JCB dealer to
explain it.

OPERATOR'S Do not operate the machine without an Operator's

Manual, or if there is anything on the machine you
MANUAL do not understand.

Treat the Operator's Manual as part of the machine.

Keep it clean and in good condition. Replace the
Operator's Manual immediately if it is lost, damaged
or becomes unreadable.

BACKHOE LOADER Machine Delivery and Installation

3CX, 4CX, 5CX
Even if you have operated this type of equipment
before, it is very important that your new machines
operations and functions are explained to you by
a JCB Dealer Representative following delivery of
your new machine.

Following the installation you will know how to gain

maximum productivity and performance from your
new product.

Please contact your local JCB dealer if the

Installation Form (included in this manual) has not
yet been completed with you.

Your local JCB Dealer is

EN - 9831/0400 - ISSUE 8 - 03/2018

This manual contains original instructions, verified by

the manufacturer (or their authorized representative).

Copyright 2017 © JCB SERVICE

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any other means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise,
without prior permission from JCB SERVICE.

www.jcb.com

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Notes:

9831/0400-8

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 Table of Contents

Contents Page No.

Acronyms Glossary ........................................................................................................................................ ix

Introduction
About this Manual
Model and Serial Number ..................................................................................................................... 1
Using the Manual .................................................................................................................................. 1
Left-Hand Side, Right-Hand Side ......................................................................................................... 1
Cab/Canopy .......................................................................................................................................... 1
Cross References ................................................................................................................................. 2
Location of Manual ............................................................................................................................... 2
Safety
Safety - Yours and Others .................................................................................................................... 3
Safety Warnings .................................................................................................................................... 3
General Safety ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ............................................................................ 5

About the Product

Introduction
General .................................................................................................................................................. 7
Name and Address of the Manufacturer .............................................................................................. 7
Product Compliance .............................................................................................................................. 7
Description
General .................................................................................................................................................. 8
Intended Use ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Log Moving/Object Handling ................................................................................................................. 8
Optional Equipment and Attachments .................................................................................................. 8
Danger Zone ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Main Component Locations .................................................................................................................. 8
Product and Component Identification
Machine ............................................................................................................................................... 10
Engine ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Axle ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
Gearbox ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Operator Protective Structure ............................................................................................................. 13
Safety Labels
General ................................................................................................................................................ 14
Safety Label Identification ................................................................................................................... 14
Operator Station
Component Locations ......................................................................................................................... 17
Interior Switches
Ignition Switch ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Multi-Purpose Switch .......................................................................................................................... 23
Cab Interior Light ................................................................................................................................ 24
Console Switches
General ................................................................................................................................................ 25
Road Lights ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Rear Fog Lights .................................................................................................................................. 25
Hazard Warning Lights ....................................................................................................................... 25
Front Work Lights ............................................................................................................................... 26
Rear Work Lights ................................................................................................................................ 26

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Four Wheel Drive Selector ................................................................................................................. 26

Smooth Ride System (SRS) ............................................................................................................... 26
Smooth Ride System with Hose Burst Check Valve .......................................................................... 26
Beacon ................................................................................................................................................ 26
Air-Conditioning ................................................................................................................................... 26
Window Heater ................................................................................................................................... 27
Lifting Warning System ....................................................................................................................... 27
Loader Quickhitch ............................................................................................................................... 27
High Exhaust System Temperature (HEST) ....................................................................................... 27
Kingpost Clamp ................................................................................................................................... 27
Rear Window Wiper ............................................................................................................................ 27
Bi-Directional and Hammer Mode Selector ........................................................................................ 28
Hydraulic Flow Control ....................................................................................................................... 28
Return To Dig Enable ......................................................................................................................... 28
Handheld Hydraulic Tool Circuits ........................................................................................................ 28
Hammer ............................................................................................................................................... 28
Auto Drive ........................................................................................................................................... 28
Drinks Machine ................................................................................................................................... 29
Excavator/Loader Control Selector ..................................................................................................... 29

Operation
Introduction
General ................................................................................................................................................ 31
Operating Safety
General ................................................................................................................................................ 32
Worksite Safety ................................................................................................................................... 34
Risk Assessment ................................................................................................................................ 35
Walk-Around Inspection
General ................................................................................................................................................ 37
Entering and Leaving the Operator Station
General ................................................................................................................................................ 38
Doors
Operator Door ..................................................................................................................................... 39
Windows
Side Window ....................................................................................................................................... 40
Rear Window ...................................................................................................................................... 40
Battery Isolator
General ................................................................................................................................................ 42
Before Starting the Engine
General ................................................................................................................................................ 43
Operator Seat
General ................................................................................................................................................ 45
Suspension Seat ................................................................................................................................. 45
Seat Belt
General ................................................................................................................................................ 49
Inertia Reel Seat Belt ......................................................................................................................... 49
Mirrors
General ................................................................................................................................................ 51
Starting the Engine
General ................................................................................................................................................ 52
Warming Up ........................................................................................................................................ 53

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Immobiliser .......................................................................................................................................... 53
Stopping and Parking
General ................................................................................................................................................ 57
Preparing for Travel
General ................................................................................................................................................ 59
Preparing for Road Travel .................................................................................................................. 60
Preparing for Worksite Travel ............................................................................................................. 63
Beacon ................................................................................................................................................ 64
Safety Equipment
Boom Lock .......................................................................................................................................... 66
Slew Lock ........................................................................................................................................... 67
Control Lock ........................................................................................................................................ 68
Drive Controls
Steering Wheel ................................................................................................................................... 70
Steering Column ................................................................................................................................. 70
Accelerator Pedal ................................................................................................................................ 70
Hand Throttle Control ......................................................................................................................... 71
Service Brake Pedal ........................................................................................................................... 72
Park Brake .......................................................................................................................................... 72
Transmission Drive Lever ................................................................................................................... 72
Gear Lever .......................................................................................................................................... 75
Transmission Kickdown Switch ........................................................................................................... 75
Transmission Dump Switch ................................................................................................................ 76
Steer Mode Control ............................................................................................................................ 76
Transmission Mode ............................................................................................................................. 78
Instruments
Instrument Panel ................................................................................................................................. 80
Speedometer ....................................................................................................................................... 93
Getting the Machine Moving
General ................................................................................................................................................ 94
Slopes
General ................................................................................................................................................ 96
Driving on Slopes ............................................................................................................................... 96
Driving the Machine
Steer Modes ........................................................................................................................................ 97
Limited Slip Differential (LSD) ............................................................................................................ 97
TorqueLock .......................................................................................................................................... 97
Operating Levers/Pedals
General ................................................................................................................................................ 99
Control Layouts ................................................................................................................................... 99
Loader Controls .................................................................................................................................. 99
Excavator End Controls .................................................................................................................... 111
Stabiliser Controls ............................................................................................................................. 133
Auxiliary Circuit Controls ................................................................................................................... 136
Lifting and Loading
General .............................................................................................................................................. 142
Lifting (Object Handling) Kit .............................................................................................................. 142
Load Charts ...................................................................................................................................... 143
Lifting Warning System ..................................................................................................................... 147
Working with the Loader
General .............................................................................................................................................. 149

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Filling the Shovel .............................................................................................................................. 150

Loading a Truck ................................................................................................................................ 151
Working with the Excavator End
General .............................................................................................................................................. 152
Preparing to Use the Excavator End ................................................................................................ 152
Lifting With the Excavator End ......................................................................................................... 153
Digging .............................................................................................................................................. 154
Changing the Bucket Linkage .......................................................................................................... 155
Extending Dipper .............................................................................................................................. 158
Knuckle Boom ................................................................................................................................... 162
Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC)
Air-Conditioning Controls .................................................................................................................. 165
Cab Heater Controls ......................................................................................................................... 166
Face Level Fan ................................................................................................................................. 166
Extreme Cold Climate Heater
General .............................................................................................................................................. 167
Power Sockets
Auxiliary Power Socket ..................................................................................................................... 174
Radio
General .............................................................................................................................................. 175
Cab Options
Drinks Machine ................................................................................................................................. 176
Fire Extinguisher
General .............................................................................................................................................. 178
Moving a Disabled Machine
Getting the Machine Unstuck ........................................................................................................... 179
Jump-Starting the Engine ................................................................................................................. 179
Retrieval ............................................................................................................................................ 180
Loader Arm (Emergency Operation) ................................................................................................ 182
Excavator End (Emergency Operation) ............................................................................................ 183
Lifting the Machine
General .............................................................................................................................................. 185
Transporting the Machine
General .............................................................................................................................................. 189
Loading the Machine onto the Transporting Vehicle/Trailer ............................................................. 189
Operating Environment
General .............................................................................................................................................. 191
Operating in Low Temperatures ....................................................................................................... 191
Operating in High Temperatures ....................................................................................................... 191
Refuelling
General .............................................................................................................................................. 193
Low Fuel Levels ................................................................................................................................ 193
Filling the Tank .................................................................................................................................. 193

Attachments
Working with Attachments
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 197
Attachments for your Machine .......................................................................................................... 197
Connecting/Disconnecting Hydraulic Hoses ..................................................................................... 198
Direct-Mounted Attachments
General .............................................................................................................................................. 202

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Tool Carrier
General .............................................................................................................................................. 203
Quickhitch
General .............................................................................................................................................. 206
Loader Quickhitch ............................................................................................................................. 206
Loader Quickhitch Carriage .............................................................................................................. 207
Excavator End Quickhitch ................................................................................................................. 208
Auxiliary Circuits
General .............................................................................................................................................. 221
Handheld Hydraulic Tool Circuits ...................................................................................................... 221
Bi-directional Circuits ........................................................................................................................ 222
Shovels
Shovel Forks ..................................................................................................................................... 227
Street Pads ....................................................................................................................................... 229
Side-Shift Carriage
General .............................................................................................................................................. 230
Hose Reel
General .............................................................................................................................................. 236
Work Platforms
General .............................................................................................................................................. 238
Hydraulic Thumb
General .............................................................................................................................................. 239
Hammer
General .............................................................................................................................................. 240

Preservation and Storage

Cleaning
General .............................................................................................................................................. 243
Preparation ........................................................................................................................................ 244
Checking For Damage
General .............................................................................................................................................. 245
Storage
General .............................................................................................................................................. 246
Put into Storage ................................................................................................................................ 246
During Storage .................................................................................................................................. 247
Take out of Storage .......................................................................................................................... 247
Security
General .............................................................................................................................................. 248
JCB Plantguard ................................................................................................................................. 248
Construction Equipment Security and Registration Scheme (CESAR) ............................................ 248
LiveLink ............................................................................................................................................. 248

Maintenance
Introduction
General .............................................................................................................................................. 249
Owner/Operator Support ................................................................................................................... 249
Service/Maintenance Agreements .................................................................................................... 250
Initial Service and Inspection ............................................................................................................ 250
Obtaining Spare Parts ...................................................................................................................... 250
Maintenance Safety
General .............................................................................................................................................. 251
Fluids and Lubricants ....................................................................................................................... 252

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Maintenance Schedules
General .............................................................................................................................................. 256
How to Use the Maintenance Schedules ......................................................................................... 256
Maintenance Intervals ....................................................................................................................... 256
Pre-start Cold Checks, Service Points and Fluid Levels .................................................................. 256
Functional Tests and Final Inspection .............................................................................................. 260
Maintenance Positions
General .............................................................................................................................................. 263
Maintenance Position - Loader Arm Lowered .................................................................................. 263
Maintenance Position - Loader Arm Raised ..................................................................................... 263
Service Points
General .............................................................................................................................................. 266
Access Apertures
General .............................................................................................................................................. 268
Engine Compartment Cover ............................................................................................................. 268
Fuel Filter Cover ............................................................................................................................... 271
Front Grille ........................................................................................................................................ 271
Tools
General .............................................................................................................................................. 273
Toolbox .............................................................................................................................................. 273
Lubrication
General .............................................................................................................................................. 274
Preparation ........................................................................................................................................ 274
Attachments
General ............................................................................................................................................. 275
Body and Framework
General ............................................................................................................................................. 278
Kingpost ............................................................................................................................................ 280
Loader Arm
General ............................................................................................................................................. 281
Excavator End
Lubricate ............................................................................................................................................ 282
Wear Pads ........................................................................................................................................ 282
Extending Dipper .............................................................................................................................. 283
Stabilisers
Wear Pads ........................................................................................................................................ 285
Operator Station
General ............................................................................................................................................. 287
Operator Protective Structure ........................................................................................................... 287
Seat ................................................................................................................................................... 288
Seat Belt ........................................................................................................................................... 288
Controls ............................................................................................................................................. 289
Engine
General ............................................................................................................................................. 290
Oil ...................................................................................................................................................... 290
Drive Belt .......................................................................................................................................... 294
Air Filter
General ............................................................................................................................................. 295
Fuel System
General ............................................................................................................................................. 297
Fuel Filter .......................................................................................................................................... 297

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Engine Fuel Filter ............................................................................................................................. 298

Water Separator ............................................................................................................................... 299
Cooling System
General ............................................................................................................................................. 300
Coolant .............................................................................................................................................. 300
Cooling Pack .................................................................................................................................... 301
Brakes
Park Brake ........................................................................................................................................ 302
Service Brake ................................................................................................................................... 303
Gearbox
Oil ...................................................................................................................................................... 305
Steering System
General ............................................................................................................................................. 307
Axles
General ............................................................................................................................................. 308
Driveshafts
General ............................................................................................................................................. 310
Wheels
General ............................................................................................................................................. 311
Tyres
General ............................................................................................................................................. 313
Hydraulic System
General ............................................................................................................................................. 315
Services ............................................................................................................................................ 316
Oil ...................................................................................................................................................... 316
Cylinders / Rams .............................................................................................................................. 317
Electrical System
General ............................................................................................................................................. 318
Battery ............................................................................................................................................... 319
Battery Isolator ................................................................................................................................. 320
Fuses ................................................................................................................................................ 321
Relays ............................................................................................................................................... 324
Window Washer
Check (Level) .................................................................................................................................... 328

Technical Data
Static Dimensions
Dimensions ........................................................................................................................................ 329
Weights ............................................................................................................................................. 333
Visibility Diagrams ............................................................................................................................. 335
Performance Dimensions
Loader Arm Dimensions and Performance ...................................................................................... 348
Excavator End Dimensions and Performance .................................................................................. 351
Excavator End Quickhitch Dimensions and Performance ................................................................ 355
Driving Performance ......................................................................................................................... 355
Attachment Dimensions
Safe Working Loads ......................................................................................................................... 357
Excavator Bucket .............................................................................................................................. 359
Loader Shovels ................................................................................................................................. 361
Hydraulic Thumb ............................................................................................................................... 362
Noise Emissions
General .............................................................................................................................................. 364

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Noise Data ........................................................................................................................................ 364

Vibration Emissions
General .............................................................................................................................................. 365
Vibration Data ................................................................................................................................... 365
Fluids, Lubricants and Capacities
General .............................................................................................................................................. 369
Fuel ................................................................................................................................................... 370
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) .............................................................................................................. 373
Coolant .............................................................................................................................................. 375
Torque Values
General .............................................................................................................................................. 377
Electrical System
General .............................................................................................................................................. 378
Bulbs ................................................................................................................................................. 378
Fuses ................................................................................................................................................. 378
Relays ............................................................................................................................................... 388
Engine
Exhaust After Treatment (EAT) ......................................................................................................... 399
Hydraulic System
General .............................................................................................................................................. 403
Hydraulic Hose Burst Pressures ....................................................................................................... 403
Wheels and Tyres
Tyre Sizes and Pressures ................................................................................................................ 405
Declaration of Conformity
General .............................................................................................................................................. 407
Data ................................................................................................................................................... 407
Warranty Information
Service Record Sheet ....................................................................................................................... 409

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 Table of Contents

Acronyms Glossary

2WD Two Wheel Drive

2WS Two Wheel Steer
4WD Four Wheel Drive
4WS Four Wheel Steer
ARV Auxiliary Relief Valve
AWS All Wheel Steer
CESAR Construction Equipment Security and Registration
DCU Dosing Control Unit
DEF Diesel Exhaust Fluid
ECU Electronic Control Unit
EHTMA European Hydraulic Tool Manufacturers Association
ESOS Engine Shut-Off Solenoid
FEAD Front End Accessory Drive
FOPS Falling Object Protective Structure
GPS Global Positioning System
HBCV Hose Burst Check Valve
HEST High Exhaust System Temperature
HP High Pressure
HVAC Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning
ISO International Organization for Standardization
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light Emitting Diode
LP Low Pressure
LSD Limited Slip Differential
MIL Malfunction Indicator Lamp
MP Medium Pressure
MRV Main Relief Valve
NOx Nitrogen Oxide
PIN Product Identification Number
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PWM Pulse Width Modulation
RMS Root Mean Square
ROPS Roll-Over Protective Structure
RPM Revolutions Per Minute
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
SRS Smooth Ride System
SWL Safe Working Load
VGT Variable Geometry Turbocharger
km/h kilometers per hour
mph miles per hour

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 Introduction
About this Manual

Introduction
About this Manual
Model and Serial Number
This manual provides information for the following model(s) in the JCB machine range:
Model From: To:
3CX 2254521 2274521
2442701 2451000
2509500
4CX 2254521 2274521
2442701 2451000
2509500
5CX 2442701 2451000
2509500

Using the Manual

This operator's manual is arranged to give you a good understanding of the machine and its safe operation.
It also contains maintenance and technical data.

Read this manual from the front to the back before you use the machine for the first time, even if you have used
machines of a similar/same type before as the technical specification, systems and controls of the machine
may have changed. Particular attention must be given to all the safety aspects of operating and maintaining
the machine.

If there is anything you are not sure about, ask your JCB dealer or employer. Do not guess, you or others could
be killed or seriously injured.

The general and specific warnings in this section are repeated throughout the manual. Read all the safety
statements regularly, so you do not forget them. Remember that the best operators are the safest operators.

The illustrations in this manual are for guidance only. Where the machines are different, the text and or the
illustration will specify.

The manufacturer's policy is one of continuous improvement. The right to change the specification of the
machine without notice is reserved. No responsibility will be accepted for discrepancies which may occur
between specifications of the machine and the descriptions contained in this manual.

All of the optional equipment included in this manual may not be available in all territories

Left-Hand Side, Right-Hand Side

In this manual, 'left' and 'right' mean your left and right when you are seated correctly in the machine.

This is so whether you are facing the loader (front) or the backhoe (rear).

Figure 1.
B B
A

A A
B
A Left B Right

Cab/Canopy

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 Introduction
About this Manual

This manual frequently makes references to the cab. For example, 'do not operate the machine without an
operator's manual in the cab'. These statements also apply to canopy build machines.

Cross References
In this manual, cross references are made by presenting the subject title in blue (electronic copy only). The
number of the page upon which the subject begins is indicated within the brackets. For example: Refer to:
Cross References (Page 2).

Location of Manual
The manual is located in the case attached to the back of the seat. The manual should always be returned
to its case after use.

Figure 2.

A Manual location B Seat

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 Introduction
Safety

Safety
Safety - Yours and Others
All machinery can be hazardous. When a machine is correctly operated and maintained, it is a safe machine
to work with. When it is carelessly operated or poorly maintained it can become a danger to you (the operator)
and others.

In this manual and on the machine you will find warning messages, you must read and understand them. They
inform you of potential hazards and how to avoid them. If you do not fully understand the warning messages,
ask your employer or JCB dealer to explain them.

Safety is not just a matter of responding to the warnings. All the time you are working on or with the machine
you must be thinking of what hazards there might be and how to avoid them.

Do not work with the machine until you are sure that you can control it.

Do not start any work until you are sure that you and those around you will be safe.

If you are not sure of anything, about the machine or the work, ask someone who knows. Do not assume
anything.

Remember:

• Be careful
• Be alert
• Be safe.

Safety Warnings
In this manual there are safety notices. Each notice starts with a signal word. The signal word meanings are
given below.

The signal word 'DANGER' indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious
injury.

The signal word 'WARNING' indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or
serious injury.

The signal word 'CAUTION' indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or
moderate injury.

The signal word 'Notice' indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in machine damage.

The safety alert system symbol (shown) also helps to identify important safety messages in this manual. When
you see this symbol your safety is involved, carefully read the message that follows.

Figure 3. The safety alert system symbol

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 Introduction
Safety

General Safety
Training
To operate the machine safely you must know the machine and have the skill to use it. You must abide by
all relevant laws, health and safety regulations that apply to the country you are operating in. The operator's
manual instructs you on the machine, its controls and its safe operation; it is not a training manual. Ensure that
you receive the correct training before operating any machinery. Failing to do so will result in incorrect operation
of the machine and you will be putting yourself and others at risk. In some markets, and for work on certain
jobsites, you may be required to have been trained and assessed in accordance with an operator competence
scheme. Make sure that you and your machine comply with relevant local laws and jobsite requirements – it
is your responsibility.
Care and Alertness
All the time you are working with or on the machine, take care and stay alert. Always be careful. Always be
alert for hazards.
Clothing
You can be injured if you do not wear the correct clothing. Loose clothing can get caught in the machinery.
Keep cuffs fastened. Do not wear a necktie or scarf. Keep long hair restrained. Remove rings, watches and
personal jewellery.
Alcohol and Drugs
It is extremely dangerous to operate machinery when under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Do not consume
alcoholic drinks or take drugs before or while operating the machine or attachments. Be aware of medicines
which can cause drowsiness.
Feeling Unwell
Do not attempt to operate the machine if you are feeling unwell. By doing so you could be a danger to yourself
and those you work with.
Mobile Phones
Switch off your mobile phone before entering an area with a potentially explosive atmosphere. Sparks in such
an area could cause an explosion or fire resulting in death or serious injury.
Switch off and do not use your mobile phone when refuelling the machine.
Lifting Equipment
You can be injured if you use incorrect or faulty lifting equipment. You must identify the weight of the item to
be lifted then choose lifting equipment that is strong enough and suitable for the job. Make sure that lifting
equipment is in good condition and complies with all local regulations.
Raised Equipment
Never walk or work under raised equipment unless it is supported by a mechanical device. Equipment which
is supported only by a hydraulic device can drop and injure you if the hydraulic system fails or if the control
is operated (even with the engine stopped).
Make sure that no-one goes near the machine while you install or remove the mechanical device.
Raised Machine
Never position yourself or any part of your body under a raised machine which is not correctly supported. If the
machine moves unexpectedly you could become trapped and suffer serious injury or be killed.
Lightning
Lightning can kill you. Do not use the machine if there is lightning in your area.
Machine Modifications
This machine is manufactured in compliance with prevailing legislative requirements. It must not be altered in
any way which could affect or invalidate its compliance. For advice consult your JCB dealer.

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 Introduction
Safety

Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Do not wear loose clothing or jewellery that can get caught on controls or moving parts. Wear protective clothing
and personal safety equipment issued or called for by the job conditions, local regulations or as specified by
your employer.

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 About the Product
Introduction

About the Product

Introduction
General
Before you start using the machine, you must know how the machine operates. Use this part of the manual
to identify each control lever, switch, gauge, button and pedal. Do not guess, if there is anything you do not
understand, ask your JCB dealer.

Name and Address of the Manufacturer

JCB Excavators Limited, Lakeside Works, Rocester, Uttoxeter, United Kingdom, ST145JP

Product Compliance
Your JCB product was designed to comply with the laws and regulations applicable at the time of its manufacture
for the market in which it was first sold. In many markets, laws and regulations exist that require the owner to
maintain the product at a level of compliance relevant to the product when first produced. Even in the absence
of defined requirements for the product owner, JCB recommend that the product compliance be maintained
to ensure safety of the operator and exposed persons and to ensure the correct environmental performance.
Your product must not be altered in any way which could affect or invalidate any of these requirements. For
advice consult your JCB dealer.

For its compliance as a new product, your JCB and some of its components may bear approval numbers
and marking's, and may have been supplied with a Declaration/Certificate of Conformity. These marking's and
documents are relevant only for the country/region in which the product was first sold to the extent that the
laws and regulations required them.

Re-sales and import/export of products across territories with different laws and regulations can cause new
requirements to become relevant for which the product was not originally designed or specified. In some cases,
pre owned products irrespective of their age are considered new for the purposes of compliance and may be
required to meet the latest requirements which could present an insurmountable barrier to their sale/use.

Despite the presence of any compliance related marking's on the product and components, you should not
assume that compliance in a new market will be possible. In many cases it is the person responsible for import
of a pre owned product into a market that becomes responsible for compliance and who is also considered
the manufacturer.

JCB may be unable to support any product compliance related enquiry for a product which has been moved out
of the legislative country/region where it was first sold, and in particular where a product specification change
or additional certification would have been required in order for the product to be in compliance.

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 About the Product
Description

Description
General

The Backhoe Loader is a self-propelled wheeled machine with a main frame designed to carry both front
mounted equipment and rear mounted backhoe equipment with stabilisers.

Intended Use

The machine is intended to be used in normal conditions for the applications and in the environmental conditions
as described in this manual. When used normally in the loader mode (shovel use), the machine loads through
forward motion. A loader work cycle normally comprises filling, elevating, transporting and discharge of material.
When used in the backhoe (excavator) mode, the machine is stationary and normally digs below ground level.
A backhoe work cycle normally comprises excavating digging, elevating, swinging and discharging material.

Applications include earthmoving, road construction, building and construction, landscaping and similar
applications.

The machine is not intended for use in mining and quarrying applications (other than for light yard clearing
operations), in demolition activities, forestry, any use underground, or in any kind of explosive atmosphere.

A backhoe loader can also be used for object or material handling/transportation if it is suitably equipped with
relevant parts, systems and attachments. Refer to: Lifting and Loading (Page 142).

If the machine is to be used in applications where there is a high silica concentration, risk due to materials
containing asbestos or similar hazards, additional protective measures such as the use of PPE (Personal
Protective Equipment) may be required.

The machine should not be operated by any person who does not have an appropriate level of qualification,
training or experience of use of this type of machine.

Prior to use of the machine, its suitability (size, performance, specification etc.) should be considered with
regards to the intended application and any relevant hazards that may exist. Contact your JCB dealer for
support in determining the appropriate JCB machine, attachment and any optional equipment that is suitable
for the application and environment.

Log Moving/Object Handling

Do not use the machine to move or handle logs unless sufficient log protection is installed. You could cause
serious injury to yourself and damage to the machine. For more information, contact your JCB dealer.

Optional Equipment and Attachments

A wide range of optional attachments are available to increase the versatility of your machine. Only the JCB
approved attachments are recommended for use with your machine. Contact your JCB dealer for the full list
of approved attachments available.

Danger Zone

The danger zone is any zone within and/or around the machinery in which a person is subject to a risk to their
health or safety. During operation of the machine, keep all persons out of the danger zone. Persons in the
danger zone could be injured.

Before you do a maintenance task, make the product safe. Refer to: Maintenance Positions (Page 263).

Main Component Locations

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 About the Product
Description

Figure 4.
A D

E
F
H G
A Dipper B Boom
C Stabilisers D ROPS (Roll-Over Protective Structure)/FOPS
(Falling Object Protective Structure) cab
E Hydraulic oil tank F Loader arm
G Fuel tank H Kingpost

9 9831/0400-8 9
 About the Product
Product and Component Identification

Product and Component Identification

Machine

Your machine has an identification plate. The serial numbers of the machine and its major components are
marked on the plate.

The serial number of each major unit is also shown on the unit itself. If a major unit is replaced by a new one,
the serial number on the identification plate will be wrong. Either get a replacement identification plate from
your JCB dealer or simply remove the old number. This will prevent the wrong unit number being quoted when
replacement parts are ordered.

Figure 5.

The machine model and build specification are indicated by the PIN (Product Identification Number). The PIN
has 17 digits and must be read from left to right.

Table 1. Typical PIN

JCB 3CXPC C 12345678

Table 2. Explanation of the PIN

Digit Description
1 to 3 World manufacturer identification. For example, JCB
= UK Build.
4 to 8 Machine type and model.
9 Randomly Generated Check Letter. The check letter
is used to verify the authenticity of a machine's PIN.
10 to 17 Machine serial number. Each machine has a unique
serial number.

Engine

Engine data labels are located on the cylinder block and rocker cover (if fitted). The data label contains important
engine information and includes the engine identification number. Injector codes are on a label on the rocker
cover.

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 About the Product
Product and Component Identification

Figure 6.
A E

D C
F
B

C B
A Engine data label B Stamp - cylinder block
C Engine data label - cylinder block D Engine data label - rocker cover
E Engine identification number F Injector codes label - rocker cover

The data label includes the engine identification number.

Table 3. Example of the engine identification number

SJ 320/40001 U 00001 04
Digit 1-2 3-10 11 12-16 17-18

Table 4.
Digit 1-2 Engine Type
SJ 4.4 L turbocharged and aftercooled electronic common rail fuel injection (Tier
4F) > 55 kW
SL 4.4 L turbocharged and aftercooled electronic common rail fuel injection (Tier
4F) 55 kW
FL 3 L turbocharged and aftercooled electronic common rail fuel injection (Tier 4F)
> 55 kW

Table 5. Explanation of the engine identification number

Digit Explanation
3-10 Engine part number
11 Country of manufacture. U = United Kingdom
12-16 Engine serial number
17-18 Year of manufacture

The country of manufacturer, engine serial number and year of manufacture of the engine are also stamped
on the cylinder block. Refer to Figure 6.

Axle

The axles have a serial number stamped on a data plate as shown.

11 9831/0400-8 11
 About the Product
Product and Component Identification

Figure 7.

A B
A Data plate - front axle (2WS machine) B Data plate - front axle (4WS machine)

Figure 8.

C
D
C Data plate - rear axle (2WS machine) D Data plate - rear axle (4WS machine)

Gearbox

The gearbox has a serial number stamped on a data plate as shown.

Figure 9.

A
A Data plate- Synchro shuttle transmission B Data plate- Powershift transmission

12 9831/0400-8 12
 About the Product
Product and Component Identification

Operator Protective Structure

WARNING Do not use the machine if the falling objects protection level provided by the structure is not
sufficient for the application. Falling objects can cause serious injury.

Machines built to ROPS (Roll-Over Protective Structure)/FOPS (Falling Object Protective Structure) standards
have an identification label installed to the left hand side of the bulkhead. Refer to Figure 10.

The FOPS structure provides Level II impact protection against falling objects (as defined in ISO (International
Organization for Standardization) 3449:2005).

If the machine is used in any application where there is a risk of falling objects then a FOPS must be installed.
For further information contact your JCB dealer.

The FOPS is installed with a data plate. The data plate indicates what level protection the structure provides.

There are two levels of FOPS:

• Level I Impact Protection- impact strength for protection from small falling objects (e.g. bricks, small
concrete blocks, hand tools) encountered in operations such as highway maintenance, landscaping and
other construction site services.
• Level II Impact Protection- impact strength for protection from heavy falling objects (e.g. trees, rocks) for
machines involved in site clearing, overhead demolition or forestry.
Figure 10.

13 9831/0400-8 13
 About the Product
Safety Labels

Safety Labels
General
WARNING Safety labels on the machine warn you of particular hazards. You can be injured if you do not
obey the safety instructions shown.

The safety labels are strategically placed around the machine to remind you of possible hazards.

If you need eye-glasses for reading, make sure you wear them when reading the safety labels. Do not over-
stretch or put yourself in dangerous positions to read the safety labels. If you do not understand the hazard
shown on the safety label, then refer to Safety Label Identification.

Keep all of the safety labels clean and readable. Replace a lost or damaged safety label. Make sure the
replacement parts include the safety labels where necessary. Each safety label has a part number printed on
it, use this number to order a new safety label from your JCB dealer.

Safety Label Identification

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 About the Product
Safety Labels

Figure 11.

A B C D E F

332/P7131-1

332/P4679 817/700104 817/70012-1 817/70014 817/70029

J H G

817/70021-2

817/70042-2

817/70108-4

K
L

M
M
332/P7135

817/70018

817/70018

817/70112

N Q 332/D6029

In addition to the safety labels detailed below a load chart decal 'P' may be installed on your machine. Refer
to: Load Charts (Page 143).

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 About the Product
Safety Labels

Table 6. Safety Labels

Item Part No. Description Qty.
A 332/P7131 Pressure hazard. Read the Service Manual. 1
B 332/P4679 Warning. Severing of hands and fingers. Keep clear of/do not reach into 1
rotating parts. Read the Service Manual.
C 817/70104 Crushing of whole body. Insert the boom support device before you 1
complete any service or maintenance work underneath the boom.
D 817/70012 Run over hazard. Start the engine from the operator's seat only. Do not 1
short across the terminals.
E 817/70014 Warning. Read the Operator’s Manual before you operate the machine. 1
F 817/70029 Warning. Crush hazard. Wear seat belt. 1
G 817/70021 Noise warning. Wear ear protection. 1
H 332/F5855 Warning. Pressure hazard. Read the Operator’s Manual. 1
J 817/70042 Explosion hazard. Remove sources of ignition. 1
K 817/70108 Fall from raised attachment. Do not stand or ride on the bucket or forks. 1
L 332/P7135 Crush hazard (to feet). Keep a safe distance. The attachment may roll 1
forward when released.
M 817/70018 Warning. Crushing of whole body. Do not operate the controls from outside 2
of the machine.
N 817/70112 Warning. Crushing of whole body. Keep a safe distance. 1
P 332/D6029 Stability hazard. Make sure that the load is within the capability of the 1
machine. Refer to the operator's manual.
Q 332/B2045 Warning. Do not use as a step. 2

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 About the Product
Operator Station

Operator Station
Component Locations
For: Manual Controls ................................................................................................................ Page 17
For: Easy Controls ................................................................................................................... Page 19
For: Advanced Easy Controls .................................................................................................. Page 21

(For: Manual Controls)

Figure 12.

AC AB
AA

Z,P
A
B
Y

C
X

D
W
V
U
E

F
S

G Q
P
N

M
H

L
J
K

A Steering wheel Refer to: Steering Wheel B Instrument panel Refer to: Instruments
(Page 70). (Page 80).

17 9831/0400-8 17
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