KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 1

KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s

wØZxq Aa¨vq Communication System & Networking

Topicwise CQ Trend Analysis

†evW© /mvj XvKv ivRkvnx Kzwgjøv h‡kvi PÆMÖvg ewikvj wm‡jU w`bvRcyi gqgbwmsn
2023 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
2022
2021 K‡ivbv gnvgvwii Kvi‡Y GBPGmwm cixÿv AbywôZ nqwb|
2020
2019 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2
2018 mw¤§wjZ †evW© (2 †mU): 4
2017 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1
*we.`ª.: 2020 mv‡j GBPGmwm cixÿv AbywôZ nqwb|

weMZ mv‡j †ev‡W© Avmv m„Rbkxj cÖkœ mvaviYZ Aí `~i‡Z¡ ev 1km Gi g‡a¨ †ek wKQz
Kw¤úDUvi ev †cwi‡divj wWfvBm mshy³ K‡i †h
1| K‡j‡Ri cÖkvmwbK feb, GKv‡WwgK feb, jvB‡eªwi †bUIqvK© ¯vcb Kiv nq Zv‡K ejv nq LAN| GKvwaK
feb Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R e¨eüZ feb¸‡jv ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ e¨w³i Kv‡Ri mgš^q mvab I MwZ e„w×i Rb¨ GKB
Aew¯Z| eZ©gv‡b cÖwZwU fe‡bi Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv wbR¯^ fe‡b, cvkvcvwk fe‡b wKsev K‡jR, wek¦we`¨vjq
†bUIqvK© e¨e¯vq cvi¯úwiK Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| K¨v¤úv‡mi Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯vcb K‡i
Aa¨ÿ g‡nv`q GLb mKj Kw¤úDUvi‡K GKB †bUIqv‡K©i †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© •Zwi nq| mvaviYZ 100 wg ev
AvIZvq Avbvi cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡jb| [Xv. †ev. 23] mxwgZ `~i‡Z¡i g‡a¨ G ai‡bi †bUIqvK© LyeB Kvh©Kix|
(K) wc‡Kv‡bU Kx? †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqv‡K©i wKQz •ewkó¨ wb‡¤œ ZvwjKv
(L) Ôe¨enviKvix Ges mvwf©m cÖ`vbKvix DfqB jvfevb n‡q Kiv n‡jv :
_v‡KbÕ|Ñ e¨vL¨v Ki| 1. G ai‡bi †bUIqvK© ¯vcb I iÿYv‡eÿY c×wZ
(M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ K‡j‡Ri GKv‡WwgK fe‡bi †bUIqvK© mnR I LiP Kg|
e¨e¯’v e¨vL¨v Ki| 2. Gme †bUIqvK© D”PMwZi, mvaviY 10-100 Mbps
(N) Aa¨ÿ g‡nv`‡qi cwiKíbv me‡P‡q Kg Li‡P MwZ cvIqv hvq|
ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb UªvÝwgkb wgwWqv DËg? †hŠw³K 3. Gi gva¨‡g A‡bK wWfvBm A¨vK‡mm cvIqv hvq|
e¨vL¨v Ki| 4. G ai‡bi †bUIqv‡K© HAN, SAN, WLAN I
mgvavb: CAN ¯vcb Kiv mnR|
(K) ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯Z †Kv‡bv e¨w³i e¨eüZ e¨w³MZ (N) Aa¨ÿ g‡nv`q Zvi mKj Kw¤úDUvi‡K GKB
wWfvBm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ •Zwi †bUIqv‡K©i AvIZvq Avbvi cwiKíbv K‡ib| †h‡nZz
†bUIqvK© ev Wireless Personal Area Network ÔKÕ K‡j‡Ri †ek wKQz feb i‡q‡Q †hgbÑ cÖkvmwbK
(WPAN) †K wc‡Kv‡bU e‡j| feb, GKv‡WwgK feb, jvB‡eªix feb BZ¨vw` d‡j
(L) Ôe¨enviKvix Ges mvwf©m cÖ`vbKvix DfqB jvfevb n‡q Aa¨‡ÿi Aek¨B Ggb UªvÝwgkb wgwWqvg †e‡Q wb‡Z
_v‡KbÕÑ e³e¨wU Øviv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi myweav‡K n‡e, hv‡Z LiP Aí wKš‧ Kv‡Ri MwZ I djvdj fv‡jv
Bw½Z Kiv n‡”Q| mvaviYZ B›Uvi‡b‡U ev I‡q‡e mshy³ nq| Aa¨ÿ g‡nv`‡qi cwiKíbv Kg Li‡P ev¯Íevqb
n‡q wKQz †Møvevj myweav †fvM Kivi †h c×wZ ZvB n‡”Q Kivi me‡P‡q Av`k© wgwWqvg n‡”Q Zvi gva¨g ev K¨vej
K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs GK gva¨g| mvaviYZ Zvi gva¨g A‡bK D”P MwZ m¤úbœ n‡q
we¯§qKi myweav wb‡q G‡m‡Q| GKwU cÖwZôvb, ms¯v ev _v‡K| G gva¨‡g D”P e¨vÛDBW‡_i wd«Kz‡qwÝ cÖ`vb
e¨w³ GLb †h †Kvb mgq Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i K‡i| G gva¨‡g †WUv UªvÝwgk‡b cÖvK…wZK †Kv‡bv evav
nvW©Iq¨vi, mdUIq¨vi Z_v GKwU cøvUdg© mvew¯…ck‡bi †bB, GK Zvi †bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_ Ab¨ Zv‡ii †bUIqvK©
wfwˇZ fvov wb‡Z cv‡ib| LiP n«vm, iÿYv‡eÿY Gi ms‡hvM N‡U bv| weavq †WUv UªvÝwgk‡b evav m„wó
myweav, ¯^qswµq Avc‡WU BZ¨vw` wb‡q K¬vDW GK bZzb K‡i bv| ZvQvov G gva¨‡g LiP Kg Ges wWfvBmmg~n
w`M‡šÍi D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Q| Ges GKRb e¨enviKvix Zvi mn‡R cvIqv hvq| Ab¨w`‡K hw` Zviwenxb gva¨‡g
mvwf©m cÖ`vbKvix‡K wVK ZZUzKzB cwi‡kva Ki‡e hZUzKz e¨eüZ nq Z‡e MwZ A‡bK Kg cvIqv hv‡e| Gi
†m e¨envi Ki‡e| d‡j e¨enviKvix I mvwf©m cÖ`vbKvix e¨vÛDBW_ wdKz‡qwÝI A‡bK `ye©j| Iqvij¨vm
DfqB jvfevb n‡e| wm‡÷‡gi wiwmfvi I UªvÝwgUv‡ii g‡a¨ †h †Kv‡bv
(M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ K‡j‡Ri GKv‡WwgK fe‡bi †bUIqvK© cÖwZeÜKZv _vK‡jB Zv †WUv UªvÝwgk‡b weNœ NUvq|
e¨e¯v n‡”Q †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© ev LAN. GQvov cÖvK…wZK weiƒc cwi‡ek, evZv‡m _vKv wewfbœ
2  HSC ICT Chapter-2
Avqb Ges M¨vmmg~nI Iq¨vi‡jm †WUv UªvÝwgk‡b euvavi ¯^Zš¿fv‡e mshy³ _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î †WUv cÖevn e¨e¯v nq
m„wó K‡i| cÖavbZ G gva¨g AZ¨šÍ e¨qeûj| Gi wØgyLx hLb GKwU Kw¤úDUvi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡ii
e¨eüZ Iq¨vi‡jm mvemµvBevi †÷kb, ivDUvi, D‡Ï‡k¨ g¨v‡mR cvVvq ZLb †mB g¨v‡mR wmMbvj
GK‡mm c‡q›U I A¨vWvÞvimg~n †ek `vgx Ges mswkøó K¨ve‡ji gva¨‡g cwievwnZ n‡q meKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii
wWfvBm¸‡jv mnRcÖvc¨ bq| AZGe, DcwiD³ wbKU †cu․‡Q| †h Kw¤úDUv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ †mwU cvVv‡bv nq
Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, Zvi gva¨g Aa¨ÿ †Kej †mwUB †m g¨v‡mR MÖnY K‡i Avi Ab¨iv †Kej
g‡nv`‡qi cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡b me‡P‡q DËg UªvÝwgkb †mB c¨v‡KU‡K evwZj K‡i †`q| GB U‡cvjwRi
wgwWqvg| me‡P‡q eo myweav n‡jv GwU †QvU cwim‡ii †bUIqv‡K©i
Rb¨ LyeB mnR, ¯^íe¨‡qi, mn‡R e¨envi‡hvM¨ Ges
2| [Xv. †ev. 23] mn‡R †evaMg¨ GKwU U‡cvjwR|
Kw¤úDUvi Kw¤úDUvi (N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wPÎ-1 n‡”Q evm U‡cvjwR Ges wPÎ-2
dvBj mvf©vi
n‡”Q ÷vi U‡cvjwR| evm U‡cvjwR I ÷vi U‡cvjwR
Dfq U‡cvjwRiB †ekwKQz myweav Ges Amyweav i‡q‡Q|
wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ DfqB A‡bK myweav cÖ`v‡b
wcÖ›Uvi ¯‥¨vbvi mÿg Avevi Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK Kv‡RB Zv‡`i AmyweavUvB
wPÎ-1 †ewk aiv †`q| wb‡¤œ Dfq U‡cvjwR myweavmg~n :
1. evm †bUIqv‡K© me‡P‡q Kg •`‡N©¨i K¨vej jv‡M
d‡j e¨q Kg nq|
HUB
2. evm †bUIqv‡K© weGbwm K¨v‡ej Kv‡b±i e¨envi K‡i
AwaK msL¨K Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K© mshy³ Kiv hvq|
3. `~ieZ©x wmMb¨vj cvidig¨vÝ wVK ivL‡Z wiwcUvi
e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
wPÎ-2 evm U‡cvjwRi Amyweavmg~n :
(K) wW-gWz‡jkb Kx? 1. GKBmg‡q †Kej GKwU gvÎ Kw¤úDUv‡i g¨v‡mR
(L) gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ †bUIqv‡K©i aib e¨vL¨v Ki| cvVv‡bv m¤¢e|
(M) DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-1 Gi †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR e¨vL¨v Ki| 2. †bUIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUvi msL¨v †ewk n‡j cÖPÛ UªvwdK
(N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wPÎ-1 Ges wPÎ-2 Gi U‡cvjwRi g‡a¨ m„wó nq Ges †WUv UªvÝwgkb wewNœZ nq|
†KvbwU †ewk myweavRbK? Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 3. evm U‡cvjwRi g~j K¨vej bó n‡j, cy‡iv
mgvavb: †bUIqvK©wU APj n‡q hvq|
(K) †h c×wZi gva¨‡g g~j gWz‡jwUs wmMb¨vj Avjv`v Kiv ÷vi U‡cvjwR myweavmg~n :
nq, Zv‡K wWgWz‡jkb e‡j| A_©vr GKwU K¨vwiqvi Zi½ 1. mn‡R †bUIqv‡K© AwaK msL¨K Kw¤úDUvi mshy³
†_‡K g~j Z_¨ enbKvix ms‡KZ‡K †ei K‡i AvbvB Kiv hvq|
n‡”Q wWgWz‡jkb| 2. †bUIqv‡K© mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j mn‡R †Kw›`ªq Ae¯vb
(L) wewfbœ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© wewfbœfv‡e A_©vr nve †_‡K mgm¨v AbymÜvb ïiæ Kiv hvq|
†kÖwYweb¨vm Kiv n‡q _v‡K| gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ 3. †bUIqv‡K©i †Kv‡bv GKwU Kw¤úDUvi weKj n‡q
†bUIqvK©‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v : †M‡j Zv †bUIqv‡K©i Dci †Kv‡bv cÖfve †d‡j bv|
1. cÖvB‡fU †bUIqvK© : cÖvB‡fU †bUIqvK© mvaviYZ ÷vi U‡cvjwRi Amyweavmg~n :
wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb ev ms¯vi gvwjKvbvaxb _v‡K| G 1. †K‡›`ªi wWfvBm nve/ myBP weKj n‡q †M‡j cyiv
†bUIqv‡K©i wbivcËv A‡bK gReyZ Ges UªvwdK †bB †bUIqvK©B weKj n‡q c‡o|
ej‡jB P‡j| 2. GB U‡cvjwR‡Z AwaK K¨vej jv‡M ZvB LiP †ewk|
2. cvewjK †bUIqvK© : cvewjK †bUIqvK© mvaviYZ DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡KB †`Lv hv‡”Q, †WUv
†Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjKvbvaxb _v‡K bv| GwU UªvÝwgk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ g~j n‡j ÷vi U‡cvjwR †ewk
†Kv‡bv ms¯v ev cÖwZôvb Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq| G‡ÿ‡Î myweavRbK| †Kbbv GLv‡b GKB mg‡q eû Kw¤úDUv‡i
†mevi cwie‡Z© g~j¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq| †WUv †`Iqv m¤¢e hv GKwU †bUIqv‡K© mymw¾ZKi‡Yi
(M) DÏxc‡K wPÎ-1 Gi †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRwU n‡”Q evm GKwU cÖavb jÿ¨ Ges Aí Li‡P myweavRbK GKwU
U‡cvjwR| GKwU gvÎ g~j K¨vej Gi gva¨‡g †h U‡cvjwR wn‡m‡e evm U‡cvjwR †ewk myweav cÖ`vb K‡i|
†bUIqv‡K© meKwU Kw¤úDUvi mshy³ _v‡K, Zv‡K evm 3| `„k¨Kí-1 : †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿK GK ai‡bi K¨vej
U‡cvjwR e‡j| mvaviYZ evm †bUIqv‡K© mPivPi GKwU †`Lv‡jb hv, ¯^”Q KuvP w`‡q •Zwi| [iv. †ev. 23]
gvÎ K¨vej †Kv‡bv cÖKvi B‡jKUªwbK wWfvBm †hgb : `„k¨Kí-2 :
wiwcUvi ev A¨vgwcødvqvi Qvov e¨eüZ nq hv‡Z GK
Kw¤úDUv‡ii wmMb¨vj Av‡iK Kw¤úDUv‡i mivmwi †h‡Z Av‡qv‡bvwùqvi
cv‡i| ZvB GB U‡cvjwR‡K c¨vwmf U‡cvjwR ejv nq|
Gi g~j K¨vej‡K e¨vK‡evb e‡j| †Kbbv cÖwZwU
Kw¤úDUvi g~j K¨ve‡ji mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K| Gi jvB‡bi wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2
`y-cÖv‡šÍ `ywU Uvwg©‡bUi _v‡K| †bUIqv‡K©i cÖwZwU †bvW
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 3
(K) WiMAX Kx? (N) DÏxc‡K `„k¨Kí-2 G †WUv Kw¤úDwb‡Kk‡bi `yBwU
(L) A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b mgq †ewk jv‡M †Kb? e¨vL¨v ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gva¨g wb‡q K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| wPÎ-1 G †iwWI
Ki| I‡qe Ges wPÎ-2 G m¨v‡UjvBU gvB‡µvI‡qe‡K Bw½Z
(M) DÏxc‡Ki `„k¨Kí-1 G DwjøwLZ Zvi gva¨g m¤ú‡K© Kiv n‡”Q| `yBwU †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb gva¨‡gi g‡a¨ wPÎ-
Av‡jvPbv Ki| 1 Z_v m¨v‡UjvBU‡K †ewk DËg e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|
(N) DÏxc‡Ki `„k¨Kí-2 G †WUv Kw¤úDwb‡Kk‡bi gva¨g Avgvi gZvg‡Zi ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ w`‡Z †iwWI I‡qe I
`yBwUi g‡a¨ †KvbwU DËg? we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI| m¨v‡UjvBU gvB‡µvI‡q‡fi wKQzmyweav I Amyweavi
mgvavb: ZvwjKv cÖ¯ÍZ Kiv n‡jv :
(K) WiMAX Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡”Q Worldwide †iwWI I‡qe Gi myweav :
Interoperability for Microwave Access. g~jZ 1. wgwWqv wn‡m‡e †Kv‡bv Zvi ev K¨ve‡ji cÖ‡qvRb
WiMAX n‡”Q GKwU Zviwenxb †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb jv‡M bv|
c×wZ, hv eû `~ieZ©x gva¨g ch©šÍ eªWe¨vÛ mieivn 2. GwU evqygÛ‡ji Av‡qv‡bvwùqvi ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z n‡Z
Ki‡Z cv‡i| cv‡i| ZvB we‡k¦i †h‡Kv‡bv cÖv‡šÍi mv‡_
(L) †h †WUv UªvÝwgkb wm‡÷‡g †cÖiK n‡Z †WUv MÖvn‡K KwgDwb‡Kkb Kiv hvq|
K¨v‡i±vi evB K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU nq Zv‡K A¨vwmb‡µvbvm 3. •ewi AvenvIqv I cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡kI †iwWI
UªvÝwgkb e‡j| A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b cici `ywU †hvMv‡hvM wew”Qbœ nq bv|
K¨v‡i±vi †cÖi‡Yi gv‡S weiwZ mgq mKj †ÿ‡Î mgvb †iwWI I‡qe Gi Amyweav :
nq bv| GB UªvÝwgk‡b K¨v‡i±vi †WUv weU¸‡jv 1. GwU Zvi ev K¨vej gva¨‡gi †P‡q GKwU e¨qeûj
avivevwnKfv‡e ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq| ZvB cÖvcK Kw¤úDUvi‡K KwgDwb‡Kkb e¨e¯v|
†evSv‡bvi Rb¨ K¨v‡i±vi †WUv weU¸‡jvi ïiæ‡Z GKwU 2. †iwWI I‡q‡fi Rb¨ Avjv`v UªvÝwgUvi, wiwmfvi,
AwZwi³ ÷vU© weU I †k‡l GKwU ev `ywU ÷c weU G‡›Ubv Ges Dchy³ Uvwg©bvj hš¿cvwZ _vK‡Z nq,
_v‡K| Gfv‡e cÖwZ K¨v‡i±vi G‡K G‡K UªvÝdvi nq| hvi iÿYv‡eÿY Sv‡gjv| †iwWI I‡qe gvbyl I
†h‡nZz K¨v‡i±vimg~‡ni UªvÝwgk‡bi mgq weiwZ mgvb cwi‡e‡ki Dci ÿwZKi cÖfve m„wó K‡i|
nq bv d‡j Gi †WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii MwZ axi Ges mgq m¨v‡UjvBU gvB‡µvI‡qe Gi myweav :
mv‡cÿ e¨vcvi| 1. G‡Z †ek D”PgvÎvi wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ e¨eüZ nq|
(M) DÏxc‡Ki `„k¨Kí-1 G D‡jøwLZ Zvi gva¨gwU n‡”Q 2. m¨v‡UjvBU gvB‡µvI‡qe UªvÝwgkb AZ¨vwaK| Z‡e
dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej| Gi e¨enviI my`~icÖmvix|
dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej nj GK ai‡bi Av‡jv cwievnx 3. `y‡h©vM e¨e¯vcbvq, m¨v‡UjvBU GPS BZ¨vw` Kv‡R
Zvi hv GK ev GKvwaK AcwUK¨vj dvBevi w`‡q •Zwi m¨v‡UjvBU gvB‡µvI‡q‡fi e¨envi †ek
Kiv nq| GB AcwUK¨vj dvBevi •e`y¨wZK AšÍiK ev myweavRbK|
WvB-B‡jKwUªK c`v_© w`‡q •Zwi GK ai‡bi dvBevi- hv 4. eo eo e¨emvwqK cÖwZôv‡bi KwgDwb‡Kkb mnR
Av‡jv wbeÜKiY I cwien‡b mÿg| GB dvBevi †`L‡Z K‡i †`q|
gvby‡li Pz‡ji †P‡q miæ n‡q _v‡K| AcwUK¨vj dvBevi m¨v‡UjvBU gvB‡µvI‡qe Gi Amyweav :
we`y¨r Acwievnx n‡jI Av‡jv cwien‡b mÿg| D‡jøL¨ 1. c„w_ex †_‡K m¨v‡UjvBU ev m¨v‡UjvBU †_‡K
Av‡jvi MwZ cÖvq 3.00  10 m/s| dvBevi •Zwii
8 c„w_ex‡Z wmMb¨vj cvVv‡bvi Rb¨ A‡bK eo
Rb¨ •e`y¨wZK AšÍiK c`v_© wnmv‡e wmwjKv Ges gvwë A¨v‡›Ubvi `iKvi nq|
K‡¤úv‡b›U KuvP eûjfv‡e e¨envi Kiv nq| wfbœ 2. c„w_ex †_‡K Av‡jvi †e‡M †h wmMb¨vjwU cvVv‡bv nq
cÖwZmivs‡Ki •e`y¨wZK AšÍiK ev WvB-B‡jKwUªK c`v_© †mwU GB wekvj `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡Z GKwU mgq
w`‡q AcwUK¨vj dvBevi MwVZ| †bq d‡j axi MwZ‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb nq|
dvBevi AcwU‡Ki wZbwU Ask _v‡K| h_v : AZGe, m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui gva¨‡g wecyj cwigvY †WUv †cÖiY
1. †Kvi : wfZ‡ii WvB-B‡jKwUªK †Kvi hvi e¨vm 8 Kiv hvq| hv †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi g~jwfwË| d‡j
†_‡K 100 gvB‡µvb n‡q _v‡K| m¨v‡UjvBU †ewk DËg|
2. K¬¨vwWs : †Kvi‡K Ave× K‡i _vKv evB‡ii WvB-
4| AvBwmwU wkÿK K¬v‡m ej‡jb †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi GKwU
B‡jKwUªK AveiY K¬¨vwWs bv‡g cwiwPZ| †Kv‡ii
c×wZ‡Z †WUv GKwU Zv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q ÷vU© I ÷c we‡Ui
cÖwZmivsK K¬¨vwWs‡qi cÖwZmivs‡Ki †P‡q †ewk
mgš^‡q c¨v‡KU AvKv‡i UªvÝwgU nq Ges Aci GKwU
_v‡K|
c×wZ‡Z †WUv †d«‡gi mv‡_ †nWvi I †UªBjvi hy³ n‡q
3. R¨v‡KU : AveiY wnmv‡e KvR K‡i|
UªvÝwgU nq| Gici wkÿK Ggb GKwU cÖhyw³i K_v ej‡jb
Glass Secondary hvi gva¨‡g Zviwenxbfv‡e eû`~i ch©šÍ B›Uvi‡bU †mev cÖ`vb
Cladding buffer Sheath Jacket Kiv hvq|
[Kz. †ev. 23]
(K) dzj Wz‡cø· Kx?
(L) wis U‡cvjwR‡Z me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ me¸‡jv
Glass
Cladding Kw¤úDUvi mshy³ Ki‡j †Kvb U‡cvjwR nqÑ e¨vL¨v
core Primary Core
Ki|
buffer
4  HSC ICT Chapter-2
(M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU †mev cÖ`vb Kivi UªvÝwgkb wm‡÷‡g †WUvmg~n‡K eøK AvKv‡i fvM K‡i
cÖhyw³wU eY©bv Ki| cÖwZ ev‡i 1wU K‡i eøK UªvÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K
(N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi c×wZ `y‡Uvi g‡a¨ wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j| A¨vwmb‡µvbvm †WUv
Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki|
mgvavb: UªvÝwgk‡bi R‡b¨ †cÖi‡Ki †Kv‡bv cÖv_wgK †÷v‡iR
(K) †h UªvÝwgkb †gvW GKB mg‡q Dfq w`K n‡Z †WUv wWfvBm cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| wKš‧ wmb‡µvbvm †WUv
†cÖi‡Yi e¨e¯v _v‡K A_©vr †h †Kvb cÖvšÍ cÖ‡qvR‡b †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi R‡b¨ cÖvBgvix †÷v‡iR cÖ‡qvRb nq|
†cÖiY Kivi mgq †WUv MÖnY A_ev †WUv MÖn‡Yi mgq A¨vwmb‡µvbvm †WUv UªvÝwgk‡b MwZ axi Ges `ÿZv Kg
†cÖiYI Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K dzj Wz‡cø· †WUv UªvÝwgkb †hLv‡b wmb‡µvbvm A‡bK `ªæZ MwZi Ges Gi `ÿZv
†gvW e‡j| †hgb : †gvevBj †dvb| A‡bK †ewk| Z‡e wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡bi Rb¨ cÖPzi
(L) wis U‡cvjwR‡Z me¸‡jv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ me¸‡jv e¨q nq, hv A¨vwmb‡µvbv‡mi †ÿ‡Î GK`g m¯Ív ZvQvov
Kw¤úDUv‡ii mshy³ Ki‡j †gk U‡cvjwR nq| wis A¨vwmb‡µvbvm c×wZ Bb÷‡jkb e¨q AZ¨šÍ †ewk|
U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU Kw¤úDUvi Zvi wbKUeZ©x `yB
5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K| G msNU‡bi g‡a¨ †WUv [h. †ev. 23]
†cÖiY Kiv n‡j †WUv Nyi‡Z _v‡K hZÿY bv ch©šÍ †WUv D
†KD MÖnY K‡i| Z‡e †gk U‡cvjwRi cÖ‡Z¨K Kw¤úDUvi
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K| Ges cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUvi †h
†Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi †WUv Av`vb cÖ`vb
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Y
X Z
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2
(K) e¨vÛDB_ Kx?
(L) Ò†WUv eøK AvKv‡i UªvÝwgU nqÓÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
wPÎ : wis U‡cvjwR wPÎ : †gk U‡cvjwR (M) DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-1 G e¨eüZ D wWfvBmwUi f‚wgKv GB
(M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU †mev cÖ`vb Kivq U‡cvjwRi †ÿ‡Î Av‡jvPbv Ki|
(N) wPÎ-1 Ges wPÎ-2 Gi g‡a¨ ms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î †bUIqvK©
cÖhyw³wU n‡”Q WiMAX.
Kv‡bw±s wWfvBmmg~‡ni Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv KiZ:
WiMAX Gi c~Y©iƒc Worldwide Interoperability DËgwU wbe©vPb Ki|
for Microwave Access| Gi IEEE ÷¨vÛvW© mgvavb:
802.16| GB †bUIqvK© e¨e¯v K¨vewjs‡qi Zzjbvq (K) cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û †h cwigvY WvUv GK ¯vb n‡Z Ab¨¯v‡b
mnR I myweavRbK| e¨vÛDBW ev †WUv UªvÝdvi †iU ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq Zv‡K A_©vr †WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii nvi‡K
e¨vÛDB_ e‡j|
K¨vej †bUIqv‡K©i Zzjbvq †ewk| WiMAX Gi
(L) Ò†WUv eøK AvKv‡i UªvÝwgU nqÓ ej‡Z wmb‡µvbvm †WUv
ms¯vcb I iÿYv‡eÿY LiP wKQzUv †ewk| Z‡e Gi UªvÝwgkb c×wZ‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †h †WUv UªvÝwgkb
interference ev Signal noise A‡bK Kg| GKB mv‡_ e¨e¯vq †cÖiK †÷k‡b cÖ_‡g †WUv‡K †Kv‡bv cÖv_wgK
gvwëdvskbvj myweav cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gv‡b †÷v‡iR wWfvBm msiÿY Kiv nq, AZtci †WUvi
WiMAX Iq¨vi‡jm B›Uvi‡bU myweav cÖ`vbKvix K¨v‡i±vimg~n‡K eøK AvKv‡i fvM K‡i cÖwZev‡i GKwU
K‡i eøK UªvÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb
me©vaywbK cÖhyw³| WiMAX Gi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †iU
e‡j| GB UªvÝwgk‡b cÖwZwU eøK GKwU wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi
(80 Mbps-1 Gbps) cvIqv hvq| mvaviYZ WiMAX UªvÝwgU nq| G Kvi‡Y bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q wmb‡µvbvm
Gi GKwU cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡”Q Gi †em †÷kb, Z‡e UªvÝwgkb †g_W| GB UªvÝwgkb †g_‡W †Kvb ÷vU© ev
A‡bK e¨enviKvix †Kej GKwU †em †÷k‡bi gva¨‡gB ÷c weU _v‡K bv d‡j GKvav‡i †WUv Pj‡Z _v‡K| ZvB
mKj myweav †c‡Z cv‡i| bZzb e¨enviKvix‡`i Rb¨ GB c×wZi MwZ Lye †ewk|
(M) DÏxc‡K wPÎ-1 G e¨eüZ D wWfvBmwU n‡”Q nve
WiMAX LyeB MÖnY‡hvM¨ I mn‡R e¨envi‡hvM¨ GKwU
(Hub)| GKvwaK Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯vc‡bi
cÖhyw³| Rb¨ †h †÷ªvj wWfvBm ev Kb‡mb‡UªU‡ii `iKvi nq
(N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi `yBwU c×wZ n‡”Q ZvB n‡”Q nve| GwU mvaviYZ Kv‡bw±s c‡q›U ev
wmb‡µvbvm I A¨vwmb‡µvbvm †WUv UªvÝwgkb| wb‡¤œ wiwcUvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i, †hLv‡b A‡bK¸‡jv †cvU©
Zv‡`i Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv : _v‡K| GKwU †cv‡U©i gva¨‡g GKwU Kw¤úDUvi
†bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_ mshy³ nq| nv‡ei AšÍfz©³ †h‡Kv‡bv
†h †WUv UªvÝwgkb wm‡÷‡g †cÖiK n‡Z †WUv MÖvn‡K
Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K †Kv‡bv †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡j Zv me
K¨v‡i±vi evB K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K †cv‡U©i Kv‡Q †cu․Qvq| d‡j †bUIqvK©fz³ mKj
A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K †h †WUv
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 5
Kw¤úDUvi D³ †WUv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i, G‡Z mgq †ewk (M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ 1 wUwf‡Z e¨eüZ Zvi gva¨gwU n‡”Q
jv‡M| nv‡ei wb‡Ri †Kvb eyw×gËv bv _vKvq, nv‡ei †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej|
Kv‡Q †WUv Avm‡j †m mivmwi Ab¨ wWfvBm¸‡jv‡Z †WUv `yÕwU cwievnx I Acwievnx ev c¨viv‣e`y¨wZK c`v‡_©i
eªWKv÷ K‡i †`q| nv‡ei wKQz D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f‚wgKv mvnv‡h¨ G Zvi •Zwi Kiv nq| wfZ‡ii cwievnx‡K
n‡”QÑ Av”Qvw`Z Kivi Rb¨ I evB‡ii cwievnx †_‡K c„_K
1. Ab¨vb¨ ms‡hvM wWfvB‡mi Zzjbvq Gi `vg Kg| ivLvi Rb¨ G‡`i gvSLv‡b Acwievnx c`v_© _v‡K|
2. wewfbœ ai‡bi wgwWqv‡K hy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej e¨env‡ii KviY:
3. Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K©i Kw¤úDUvimg~n‡K 1| BDwUwc ev GmwUwc K¨ve‡ji Zzjbvq wmMb¨vj
†Kw›`ªqfv‡e hy³ Kiv hvq| GwUwbD‡qk‡bi cwigvY Kg|
DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-1 G †WUv gvwë Kw¤úDUv‡i eªWKv÷ I 2| †WUv ¯vbvšÍi MwZ †ewk nq|
ms‡hvM ¯vc‡b nv‡ei f‚wgKv Acwimxg| 3| 500 MHz wd«Kz‡qw݇Z wWwRUvj I GbvjM †WUv
(N) DÏxc‡K wPÎ-1 n‡jv ÷vi I wPÎ-2 n‡jv †gk cvVv‡bv hvq|
U‡cvjwR| G‡`i g‡a¨ ms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î †MUI‡q ev 4| UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨ve‡ji PvB‡Z AwaK `~i‡Z¡ Z_¨
ivDUvi e¨envi Kiv hvq| Z‡e G‡`i mshy³ NUv‡Z cvVv‡bv hvq Ges wmMbvj GwUwbD‡qk‡bi cwigvY
†MUI‡q wWfvBmwU †ewk Dc‡hvMx ivDUv‡ii gva¨‡g Kg|
mshy³ Kiv m¤¢e bq, †Kbbv ivDUvi GKB †cÖv‡UvKj 5| UªvÝwgkb jm A‡cÿvK…Z Kg nq|
wewkó †bUIqvK© mshy³ K‡i, wKš‧ DÏxc‡K U‡cvjwR 6| GB K¨vej mn‡RB Bb÷j Kiv hvq|
`ywU wfbœ †bUIqvK© wn‡m‡e i‡q‡Q| d‡j †MUI‡q n‡”Q 7| dvBevi AcwUK K¨ve‡ji Zzjbvq `v‡g A‡bK m¯Ív|
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui cÖ‡ek c_ A_©vr Ggb GKwU wWfvBm hv `ywU (N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wkÿK †h bZzb cwi‡mevi K_v
wfbœ cÖK…wZi †bUIq©v‡Ki g‡a¨ mn‡R ms‡hvM •Zwi e‡jwQ‡jb Zv n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs|
Ki‡Z cv‡i hv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †bUIqvK© Kv‡bw±s wWfvBm wkÿK e‡jb B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi K‡i K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs
Øviv m¤¢e bq| e¨envi Kiv hvq| †h‡Kv‡bv e¨enviKvixi ev †h‡Kv‡bv
cÖwZôvb †bUIqvK© e¨envi K‡i Kw¤úDUv‡ii †mev
6| [PUªMvg. †ev. 23] cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvb †bUIqvK© e¨envi K‡i Kw¤úDUv‡ii
†kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿK K¨vej wUwf‡Z e¨eüZ Zvi gva¨g m¤ú‡K© †mev cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvb †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi †mev
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡jb| wZwb MZ K¬v‡m B›Uvi‡bUwfwËK GK MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| e¨enviKvixi cÖ‡qvRbUv mvgwqK
ai‡bi cwi‡mev m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| D³ e¨e¯vq n‡j †m mvgwqKfv‡e GwU e¨envi Ki‡e Ges hZUzKz
e¨enviKvix †QvU-eo †h †Kv‡bv Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z cv‡i Ges †mev MÖnY Ki‡e, wVK ZZUzKz †mevi Rb¨ g~j¨ †`‡e|
e¨env‡ii cwigv‡Yi Dci wej wba©vwiZ nq| wkÿK Ges wkÿv_x©‡`i g‡a¨ gmail ev yahoo e¨envi
(K) †WUv PjvP‡ji gva¨‡g Kx? K‡i †Kv‡bv email cvVv‡bv n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi
(L) Ò†WUv Dfq w`‡K †cÖiY m¤¢e, wKš‘ GKB mg‡q bqÓÑ e¨envi GgbwK google G †Kv‡bv wKQz LyuR‡j †mwUI
e¨vL¨v Ki| K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi Ask| wb‡¤œ K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi
(M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Zvi gva¨g m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki| wKQz †mev m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvK,
(N) DÏxc‡K wkÿK †h cwi‡mevi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb Zv Acv‡iwUs LiP Kgv‡bv: K¬vDW e¨envi K‡i Acv‡iwUs
we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI| LiP (Operating cost) h‡_ó cwigvY Kgv‡bv m¤¢e|
mgvavb: cÖvq mxgvnxb †÷v‡iR myweav: K¬vD‡W †÷v‡iR wb‡q
(K) †WUv PjvP‡ji gva¨g ev wgwWqvg n‡jv GK ai‡bi †Kv‡bv wPš‧ †bB| hLb hZ `iKvi myjf g~‡j¨ ZLb ZZ
Physical Path hv †cÖiK I cÖvcK‡K mshy³ K‡i †WUv †÷v‡iR myweav cvIqv hv‡e| GLv‡b cÖvq mxgvnxb
†cÖi‡Y mnvqZv K‡i| †WUv PjvP‡ji cÖavb gva¨g †÷v‡iR myweav i‡q‡Q|
`yBwU| h_v: Zvi I Zviwenxb gva¨g| ¯^qswµqfv‡e mdUIq¨vi Avc‡WU I iÿYv‡eÿY:
(L) †h c×wZ‡Z †cÖiK I cÖvcK Dfq †WUv ¯vbvšÍi Ki‡Z K¬vD‡W ¯^qswµqfv‡e mdUIq¨vi Avc‡WU I iÿYv‡eÿY
cv‡i, Z‡e Zv GKB mg‡q hyMcr m¤¢e bq, Ggb e¨e¯v _v‡K weavq mvwf©m MÖnYKvix MÖvn‡Ki Gme welq
UªvÝwgkb †gvW‡K nvd-Wz‡cø· UªvÝwgkb †gvW e‡j| GB wb‡q †Kv‡bv wPšÍv Ki‡Z nq bv|
†gv‡W †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvß GKB mg‡q †KejgvÎv †WUv MÖnY mdUIq¨vi LiP Kg: K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi MÖvnK
A_ev †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‧ MÖnY I †cÖiY GKB mdUIq¨vi mvwf©mmn mvwf©m wb‡j cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx
mv‡_ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wP‡Î †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, ÔKÕ hLb mdUIq¨viI myj‡f e¨envi Kiv hvq|
†WUv †cÖiY Ki‡e ÔLÕ ZLb ïaygvÎ MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e, mnR cÖvc¨Zv (Flexibility): K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs-Gi
wKš‧ †cÖiY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| ÔKÕ Gi †cÖiY cÖwµqv MÖvnK Zvi cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx mvwf©m wb‡Z cv‡i| ïiæ‡Z
m¤úbœ n‡j ÔLÕ †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡Z cvi‡e ZLb ÔLÕ GKwU mvf©vi fvov wb‡q cÖ‡qvR‡b †h †Kv‡bv mgq
ïaygvÎ MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e wKš‧ †cÖiY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| GKkwU mvf©viI fvov wb‡Z cvi‡e|
†hgb: IqvwK-UwK| wbivcËv: K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs mvwf©m cÖ`vbKvix
cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi KvwiMwi `ÿZv, e¨vKAvc K¨vcvwmwU
K L A‡bK †ewk| ZvB †Kv‡bv †QvU cÖwZôv‡bi ¯vwcZ wbR¯^
†mU Av‡ci †P‡q †m¸‡jv †ewk wbivc`|
wPÎ: nvd Wz‡cø· UªvÝwgkb †gvW
6  HSC ICT Chapter-2
†QvU I cÖv_wgK D‡`¨v³v‡`i Rb¨ Avkxe©v`¯^iƒc: GKwU evm BZ¨vw` †bUIqv‡K©i mgš^‡q †h †bUIqvK© MwVZ nq
†QvU ev gvSvwi gv‡bi cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ K‡qK jvL UvKv Zv‡K nvBweªW †bUIqvK© e‡j| DÏxc‡K nvBweªW
w`‡q GKwU mvf©vi †Kbv, Zv iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ fv‡jv †bUIqvK©wU‡Z GKwU wis I GKwU ÷vi U‡cvjwRi
†eZ‡b `ÿ †jvK ivLv, mdUIq¨vi †Kbv KwVb| K¬vDW ms‡hvM NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q| nvBweªW U‡cvjwR‡Z cÖ‡qvRb
Kw¤úDwUs-G LiP I Sv‡gjv A‡bKvs‡k Kwg‡q G‡b †m Abyhvqx †bUIqvK© e„w× Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv
cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`bkxjZv evov‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| mgm¨v w`‡j Zv mn‡RB wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e nq| †Kv‡bv GK
weÁvb I cÖ‡KŠkjx/M‡elK‡`i myweav: A‡bK mgq Ask bó n‡q †M‡j m¤ú~Y© †bUIqvK© bó bv n‡q
weÁvbx‡`i M‡elYvi Rb¨ mvgwqKfv‡e wekvj Kw¤úDwUs Askwe‡kl bó nq| Z‡e G U‡cvjwR‡Z †h‡nZz wfbœ
myweav cÖ‡qvRb nq hv cÖwZôv Kiv A‡bK e¨qmv‡cÿ| av‡ci U‡cvjwRi mswgkÖY N‡U, ZvB e¨eüZ nvemg~n‡K
G‡ÿ‡Î K¬vDW myweav wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| AZGe, me©`v mPj ivL‡Z nq| Ges GB mPj ivL‡Z nq e‡j
K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs cwi‡mevq Avkxe©v` ¯^iƒc| †ek we`y¨r LiP nq, d‡j GB †bUIqv‡K©i e¨e¯vcbv
g~j¨I e„w× cvq|
7| [e. †ev. 23] (N) wPÎ-1 Gi e¨eüZ U‡cvjwRwU n‡”Q †kl U‡cvjwR Ges
wPÎ-2 Gi e¨eüZ U‡cvjwRwU n‡”Q ÷vi U‡cvjwR|
†gk U‡cvjwRi †bUIqv‡K©i cÖ‡Z¨K Kw¤úDUvi Ab¨ me
Kw¤úDUv‡ii m‡½ mivmwi hy³ _v‡K| GB U‡cvjwR‡Z
†h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU †bv‡Wi g‡a¨ AZ¨šÍ `ªæZ MwZ‡Z †WUv
wPÎ-2 Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| mn‡R †bUIqv‡K©i Lye eo
ai‡bi mgm¨v m„wó nq bv| G‡Z †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡b
wPÎ-1
A‡bK †ewk wbðqZv _v‡K| Ges †bUIqv‡K©i mgm¨v
`ªæZ †m‡i †djv m¤¢e| Ab¨w`‡K Kw¤úDUvi GKwU
†Kw›`ªq wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g mshy³ n‡q †h †bUIqv‡K©i
KvVv‡gv •Zwi K‡i Zv‡K ÷vi U‡cvjwR e‡j| ÷vi
U‡cvjwR‡Z †bUIqvK©fz³ mKj Kw¤úDUvi GKwU
†K›`ªxq wWfvB‡m hy³ nh| GB †K›`ªxq wWfvB‡mi me
K¨vej GKwU wWfvB‡mi mv‡_ hy³ nq hv‡K Kb‡mb‡UªUi
wPÎ-3 e‡j| GB †bUIqv‡K©i AwaK msL¨K Kw¤úDUvi hy³
(K) ivDUvi Kx? Kiv hvq| †bUIqv‡K© mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j, nve ev †K›`ª
(L) ÒK¬vDW Kw¤úDUv‡ii Z‡_¨i †MvcbxqZv I wbivcËv †_‡K AbymÜvb Kiv hvq| Z‡e †K‡›`ªi wWfvBm
Kg|Ó Ñ e¨vL¨v Ki| nve/myBP A‡K‡Rv n‡q †M‡j cy‡iv †bUIqvK©B weKj
(M) wPÎ-3 Gi U‡cvjwRwU e¨vL¨v Ki| n‡q c‡o| ZvQvov GB †bUIqv‡K© A‡bK †ewk K¨vej
(N) wPÎ-1 I wPÎ-2 Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb U‡cvjwRwU AwaK cÖ‡qvRb nq|
myweavRbK? Av‡jvPbv Ki| AZGe Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, wPÎ-1 Z_v †gk U‡cvjwR
mgvavb: e¨envi KivB AwaK myweavRbK|
(K) ivDUvi n‡jv GKwU eyw×gvb B›Uvi‡bUIqvK©
Kv‡bKwUwfwU wWfvBm hv jwRK¨vj Ges wdwRK¨vj 8| [e. †ev. 23]
G‡Wªm e¨envi K‡i `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †bUIqvK©
†mM‡g‡›Ui g‡a¨ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯v K‡i| †cÖiK MÖvnK
wPÎ-1
(L) B›Uvi‡b‡U ev I‡q‡e mshy³ n‡q wKQz †Møvevj myweav
†fvM Kivi †h c×wZ ZvB n‡”Q K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs| GwU †cÖiK MÖvnK
GKwU we‡kl cwi‡mev| K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs g~jZ AbjvBb MÖvnK †cÖiK
cwi‡mev; †WUv A¨vK‡mm, †WUv †¯úm cÖ`vb K‡i| wPÎ-2
K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs AvR‡Ki w`‡b Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU
Avwe®‥vi| K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs bvbv ai‡bi †mev cÖ`vb K‡i †cÖiK MÖvnK
_v‡K| Ges †h UzKz †mev cÖ`vb K‡i, wVK ZZUzKz wej MÖvnK †cÖiK
PvR© Kiv nq| mve©ÿwYK †mev, jvfRbK †mev BZ¨vw` wPÎ-3
bvbvwea myweav w`‡q K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs cwiwPZ n‡jI, (K) †WUv UªvÝwgkb †g_W Kx?
K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi wbivcËvI †MvcbxqZv cwiwPZ (L) Òwe‡kl †Kv‡bv jm QvovB dvBevi AcwUK K¨ve‡ji
n‡jI, K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi wbivcËv I †MvcbxqZv wb‡q wfZi w`‡q wmMb¨vj `xN© `~i‡Z¡ †bqv m¤¢e|Ó Ñ e¨vL¨v
†ek SzuwK _v‡K| †Kbbv hLb K¬vD‡W †Kvb †WUv †cÖiY Ki|
Kiv nq, Zv †Kv_vq msiÿY n‡”Q ev Kxfv‡e cÖ‡mm (M) wPÎ-1 Gi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v Ki|
n‡”Q Zv e¨enviKvix‡`i Rvbvi †Kvb Dcvq _v‡K bv| (N) wPÎ-2 Ges wPÎ-3 Gi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gv‡Wi g‡a¨
d‡j †WUv bó nIqvi, weK…Z nIqvi Ges Pzwi Z_v n¨vK †KvbwU †ewk Dc‡hvMx? we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI|
n‡q hvIqvi fq _v‡K| AZGe, D³ e³e¨wU hyw³hy³| mgvavb:
(M) DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-3 Øviv nvBweªW U‡cvjwR‡K †evSv‡bv (K) †h c×wZ‡Z GK Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i †WUv
n‡q‡Q| g~jZ wewfbœ ai‡bi U‡cvjwR †hgb: ÷vi, wis UªvÝwgU nq Zv‡K †WUv UªvÝwgkb e‡j|
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 7
(L) mvaviYZ wmwjKv, KuvP A_ev ¯^”Q, cøvw÷K w`‡q •Zwi 9| †gvevBj †dv‡bi †ÿ‡Îi e¨eüZ ÷vÛvW© n‡jvÑ
Ges Av‡jvi c~Y© Af¨šÍixY cÖwZdjb c×wZ‡Z †WUv‡K [wm‡jU †evW© 23]
Drm †_‡K MšÍ‡e¨ †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb kw³kvjx (i) UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication
GKwU Zvi gva¨g n‡”Q dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej| dvBevi System)
AcwUK K¨ve‡j †K‡›`ªi g~j ZviwU wmwjKv, KuvP A_ev (ii) LTE (Long Term Evolution)
¯^”Q cøvw÷K w`‡q •Zwi| KuvP‡K wgwWqv wn‡m‡e (iii) MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
e¨env‡ii eo myweav n‡jv G‡Z EMI †bB| ZvQvov (K) NIC Kx?
B‡jKwUªwmwUi gZ Av‡jvK ms‡KZ evB‡i Qwo‡q c‡o (L) Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvwK©s Gi D‡Ïk¨mg~n e¨vL¨v Ki|
bv e‡j G‡Z GwUwbD‡qkb †bB ej‡jB P‡j| (M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ (i) bs ÷¨vÛvW©wU †Kvb cÖR‡b¥i
GwUwbD‡qkb bv _vKvq Gi gvS w`‡q wmMb¨vj A‡bK †gvevBj †dv‡b e¨eüZ nq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
`~iZ¡ ch©šÍ †Kvb †WUv jm e¨ZxZ AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡i| (N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ (ii) I (iii) bs ÷¨vÛvW©wU †h †h
(M) DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-1 n‡”Q wmg‡cø· †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW| cÖR‡b¥ †gvevBj †dv‡b e¨eüZ nq Zv‡`i g‡a¨
†WUv Kw¤úDwb‡Kk‡bi mgq †WUv UªvÝdv‡ii †ÿ‡Î †WUv
Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki|
cÖev‡ni w`K‡K UªvÝwgkb †gvW ejv nq| †WUv UªvÝwgkb
mgvavb:
†gvW wZb cÖKv‡ii| GB cÖKvi‡f‡`i me‡P‡q mnR Ges
†gvWwU n‡”Q wmg‡cø·| GKgyLx †WUv cÖevn‡K ejv (K) Kw¤úDUvi ev Ab¨ †Kvb wWfvBm‡K †bUIqv‡K© hy³
wmg‡cø· †gvW| GB e¨e¯vq GK cÖvšÍ †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡Z Kivi †h B›Uvi‡dm KvW© e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K
cvi‡e bv| D`vniY¯^iƒc †iwWI †÷k‡b GKRb ïay †bUIqvK© B›Uvi‡dm KvW© ev wbK (NIC) KvW© ejv nq|
†iwWI‡Z Zvi ejv K_v¸‡jv eªWKv÷ Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‧ G‡K j¨vb (LAN) KvW© ev †bUIqvK© KvW©I ejv nq|
IB †iwWI gva¨‡g †m †Kv‡bv †WUv MÖnb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| (L) Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©¸‡jv mvaviYZ †bUIqv‡K©i g‡a¨
Avevi Kx‡evW© Gi †WUv cvVv‡bvI GKwU wmg‡cø· †gvW| _vKv wWfvBm¸wj‡K G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ Ges ms¯vb¸wj
†Kbbv Kx‡evW© w`‡q hLb †WUv †cÖwiZ nq, Zv w¯…‡b †cÖiY, wewbgq ev Ab¨_vq fvM Kivi AbygwZ †`Iqvi
†`Lv hvq, Z‡e Kx‡ev‡W©i Kv‡Q †Kvb †WUv †cÖiY Kiv Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvwK©s GKwU
hv‡e bv|
cÖwZôv‡bi KvR h_v m¤¢e mnR K‡i wb‡q Avmvi my‡hvM
Radio Channels K‡i †`q| wb‡¤œ Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvwK©s Gi wKQz D‡Ïk¨
wPÎ: wmg‡cø· UªvÝwgkb †gvW †jLv n‡jv:
(N) DÏxc‡K wPÎ-3 n‡”Q nvd-Wz‡cø· UªvÝwgkb †gvW| GB 1| dvBj †kqvwis‡qi Rb¨|
c×wZ‡Z †cÖiK I cÖvcK Dfq †WUv ¯vbvšÍi Ki‡Z 2| nvWIq¨vi I mdUIq¨vi †kqvwis Gi Rb¨|
cv‡i, Z‡e Zv GKB mg‡q hyMcr m¤¢e bq| †h‡Kv‡bv 3| WvUv wbivcËv I e¨e¯vcbvi Rb¨|
cÖvšÍ GKB mg‡q †KejgvÎ †WUv MÖnY A_ev †cÖiY 4| Kw¤úDUv‡ii RvqMv iÿvi Rb¨|
Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‧ MÖnY I †cÖiY GKB mv‡_ Ki‡Z cv‡i 5| m‡e©vcwi Kg©`ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨|
bv, wb‡Pi wP‡Î †`Lv hv‡”Q, ÔKÕ hLb †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡e (M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ (i) bs ÷¨vÛvW©wU ev UMTS
ÔLÕ ZLb ïaygvÎ MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e, wKš‧ †cÖiY Ki‡Z (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)
cvi‡e bv| ÔKÕ Gi †cÖiY cÖwµqv m¤úbœ n‡j ÔLÕ †WUv mvaviYZ Z…Zxq cÖR‡b¥i †gvevB‡j e¨eüZ nq| 2001
†cÖiY Ki‡Z cvi‡e ZLb ÔKÕ ïaygvÎ MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e
mv‡j Rvcv‡bi †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM †Kv¤úvwb NIT
wKš‧ †cÖiY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| †hgb: IqvwKUwK, d¨v·
DoCoMo cÖ_g A-evwYwR¨K I cixÿvg~jK 3G
K L †bUIqvK© Pvjy K‡i| Z…Zxq cÖR‡b¥i †WUv iƒcvšÍ‡i Kv‡R
L K mvwK©U myBwPs Gi cwie‡Z© c¨v‡KU myBwPs c×wZ e¨eüZ
nq| d‡j me©vwaK †WUv UªvÝdvi †gvevBj †UK‡bvjwR
wPÎ: nvdWz‡cø· UªvÝwgkb †gvW EDGE Pvjy nq| GB cÖR‡b¥i †gvevBj cÖhyw³‡Z
wPÎ-2 Øviv dzj Wz‡cø· UªvÝwgkb †gvW‡K †evSv‡bv
HSPA, WCDMA, 3GPP, UMTS PviwU cÖhyw³ Pvjy
n‡q‡Q| dzj Wz‡cø· †gv‡W GKB mg‡q Dfq w`K n‡Z
nq| UMTS e¨env‡ii d‡j Z…Zxq cÖR‡b¥i †gvevB‡ji
†WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb e¨e¯v _v‡K| †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb
†WUv †cÖiY Kivi mgq †WUv MÖnY A_ev †WUv MÖn‡Yi †iwWI wd«Ky‡qwÝ AviI DbœZ nq d‡j †WUv UªvÝwgkb,
mgq †WUv †cÖiYI Ki‡Z cv‡i †hgb: †gvevBj †dvb, †WUv UªvÝdvi †iU, P¨v‡bj A¨vK‡mm me AviI †W‡fjc
Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© Kw¤úDwb‡Kkb| n‡q D‡V|
(N) DwjøwLZ (ii) I (iii) bs ÷¨vÛvW©wU h_vµ‡g PZz_© I
K L
cÂg cÖR‡b¥i †gvevBj †dv‡b e¨eüZ nq| wb‡¤œ G‡`i
wPÎ: dzj Wz‡cø· gv‡S GKwU QK Zy‡j aiv n‡jv:
GKB mv‡_ Dfq cv‡k Kvh©Kwi KwgDwb‡Kkb Ab¨vb¨ Zzjbvi welq PZz_© cÖRb¥ cÂg cÖRb¥Ô
†gvW †_‡K cvIqv hvq bv| d‡j dzj-Wz‡cø‡·
mgqKvj 2009-eZ©gvb 2020-fwelr
KwgDwb‡Kkb AwZ`ªæZ n‡q _v‡K| AZGe ejv †h‡Z
cv‡i wPÎ-2 ev dzj Wz‡cø· †gvW e¨envi †ewk Dc‡hvMx| †WUv †iU 100 Mbps †_‡K 1-10 Gbps
1 Gbps
8  HSC ICT Chapter-2
wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ 2-8 GHz 3-300 GHz cvKv‡bv Ae¯vq _v‡K hvi g‡a¨ w`‡q †WUv wmMb¨vj
e¨eüZ wmMb¨v‡ji wWwRUvj wWwRUvj cÖevwnZ nq| UzB‡÷W †cqv‡i Kvjvi †KvwWs e¨eüZ nq
cÖK…wZ I cÖwZwU Zv‡i GKwU K‡i Bbmy‡jkb ev Av”Qv`b _v‡K|
wmMb¨vj OFDM LDPC Gme Av”Qvw`Z Zvi‡K UzB‡÷W ev cvKv‡bv nq|
Gb‡KvwWs c×wZ cvKv‡bv Zv‡ii †Rvov‡K Avevi cøvw÷K R¨v‡K‡U
Bbdi‡gkb Gi K_v I †WUv K_v I †WUv †gvov‡bv nq myiwÿZ Kivi Rb¨| G ai‡bi K¨ve‡j
aib (†Uª·U, wØgvwÎK (†Uª·U, wÎgvwÎK mvaviYZ 7 †Rvov Zvi e¨envi nq| cÖwZ †Rvov Zv‡ii
Qwe, wfwWI) Qwe, wfwWI) g‡a¨ GKwU Zvi mv`v i‡Oi cøvw÷K †KvW Øviv Ave„Z
PjšÍ Ae¯vq m¤¢e m¤¢e _v‡K g~jZ Kg `~i‡Z¡i †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ UzB‡÷W †cqvi
†hvMv‡hvM K¨vej e¨vcKfv‡e e¨eüZ nq| AZGe, Avdbvb Gi
cÖhyw³ LTE, Wi-Fi 4K e¨eüZ ZviwU ev K¨vejwU n‡”Q UzB‡÷ †cqvi K¨vej|
(N) Z_¨ ¯vbvšÍ‡i Avdbvb I e¨eüZ K¨vej n‡”Q h_vµ‡g
10| Avdbvb I mvdbv `yB fvB| Avdbvb Z_¨ Av`vb- dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej I †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej| wb‡¤œ
cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ GK ai‡bi K¨vej e¨envi K‡i hvi g‡a¨ 4wU `yBR‡bi e¨eüZ K¨ve‡ji m¤úK© Q‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖKvk Kiv
Kg i‡Oi (mv`v) Zvi i‡q‡Q Ges mvdbvb Z_¨ ¯’vbvšÍ‡i n‡jv:
we‡klfv‡e •Zwi cwiï× Kuv‡Pi AZ¨šÍ m~² Zš‘wewkó K¨vej •ewkó¨ †Kv- Gw·qvj AcwUK¨vj dvBevi
e¨envi K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K Avdbv‡bi eÜz ivdmvb Z_¨ Av`vb- w_b‡bU w_K‡bU wm‡½j †gvW gvwë‡gvW
cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Ggb GK ai‡bi K¨vej e¨envi K‡i hv e¨q UzB‡÷W w_b‡b‡Ui me‡P‡q `vgx `vgx
wWwRUvj I GbvjM Dfq ai‡bi †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b mÿg Bb÷‡jkb mnR KwVb †ek KwVb †ek KwVb
Ges K¨vej wUwf †bUIqv‡K© e¨eüZ nq| [wm‡jU †evW© 23] c×wZ
(K) nvd Wz‡cø· †gvW Kx? e¨vÛDB_ 10 10 10-100 10 Mbps-
(L) K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs‡qi mvw©f©m g‡Wj e¨vL¨v Ki| Mbps Mbps Gibps 10 Gbps
(M) Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b Avdbv‡bi e¨eüZ K¨vejwU e¨vL¨v m‡ev©”P 185 500 10 wK. wg. ev 2 wK. wg.
Ki| †mM‡g›U •`N©¨ wgUvi wgUvi Zvi I †ewk
(N) Z_¨ ¯’vbvšÍ‡i mvdbvb I ivdmv‡bi e¨eüZ K¨ve‡ji evKv‡bvi 360 360/wWwMÖ 30 wWwMÖ/dzU 30
Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki| †KvY wWwMÖ/dzU dzU wWwMÖ/dzU
mgvavb: †bUIqv‡K© 30 100 1024 1024
(K) †h c×wZ‡Z †cÖiK I cÖvcK Dfq †WUv ¯vbvšÍi Ki‡Z m‡e©v”P †bvW
cv‡i, Z‡e Zv GKB mg‡q hyMcr m¤¢e bq, Zv‡K nvd- wbivcZ UzB‡÷W UzB‡÷W D”P D”P
Wz‡cø· UªvÝwgkb †gvW e‡j| †cqvi †cqvi wbivcËvhy³ wbivcËvhyy³
(L) K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs eZ©gvb we‡k¦ GK Av‡jvo‡bi bvg| GB A‡cÿv A‡cÿv
mvwf©m ev †mevi Ae`v‡b AvR wek¦e¨vcx Z_¨ I cÖhyw³i fv‡jv fv‡jv
we¯§qKi DbœwZ mvwaZ n‡”Q| K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi GB Kv‡b±i BNC, AUI STType SI Type,
†mev ev mvwf©m g‡Wj wZb ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K| wb‡¤œ RF Port ScType Se Type
e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv: f¨v¤úvqvi
1| AeKvVv‡gvMZ †mev: †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i U¨vc
†bUIqvK©, wmwcBD, †÷v‡iR BZ¨vw` Kw¤úDwUs wi‡m©vm IWªc
fvov †`q| K¨vej
2| cøvUdg© wfwËK †mev: K¬vDW †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôv‡bi
cÖ‡qvRbxq nvW©Iq¨vi; Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g, †WUv‡eR 11| †cŠievmxi Rb¨ †gqi g‡nv`q Av‡ji MwZ‡Z Z_¨
BZ¨vw` fvov †`q| Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU †bUIqv‡K©i e¨e¯’v Ki‡jb|
3| mdUIq¨vi †mev: †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœqb LiP †ewk nIqvq cÖ‡KŠkjxi civg‡k© Zviwenxb Ab¨ GKwU
Kiv mdUIq¨vi fvov †`q| †bUIqvK© ¯’vc‡bi wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡jb| [w`. †ev. 23]
(M) DÏxc‡K Avdbvb Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ GK ai‡bi (K) †iv‡evwU· Kx?
K¨vej e¨envi K‡i hvi g‡a¨ 4wU Kgb i‡Oi Zvi (L) wb¤œ ZvcgvÎvq wPwKrmv m¤¢eÑ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
i‡q‡Q| A_©vr, Avdbv‡bi e¨eüZ K¨vejwU n‡”Q (M) †gqi g‡nv`‡qi ev¯ÍevwqZ †bUIqvK© wm‡÷gwUi eY©bv
UzB‡÷W †cvqvi K¨vej| mvaviYZ j¨vb ev B_vi‡bU `vI|
†bUIqvK© I †Uwj‡dvb jvB‡bi Kv‡bKkb •Zwii Rb¨ †h (N) cÖ‡KŠkjxi civgk©K…Z †bUIqvK©wUi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY
K¨vejwU e¨envi nq †mwU UyB‡÷W †cqvi K¨vej| K‡iv|
UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨ve‡j GKmv‡_ K‡qK †Rvov K¨vej
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 9
mgvavb: Kómva¨, e¨qeûj, mgq mv‡c‡ÿ Ges SzuwKc~Y©| ZvB
(K) †iv‡evwU· n‡jv cÖhyw³i GKwU kvLv †hLv‡b †ive‡Ui mvwe©K we‡ePbvq †c․i †gq‡ii Wi-MAX ¯vcb Kiv
wWRvBb, wbg©vY, Kvh©µg QvovI Kw¤úDUvi, wm‡÷‡gi GB wm×všÍ ev cwiKíbv AZ¨šÍ hyw³hy³, mg‡qvc‡hvMx
gva¨‡g Gi K‡›Uªvj †mÝi Ges †mB mv‡_ Bbdi‡gkb I ev¯Íem¤§Z|
cÖ‡mwms wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
(L) D³ e³e¨wU Øviv µv‡qvmvR©vwi‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| 12|
µv‡qvmvR©vwi n‡”Q Ggb GKwU wPwKrmv c×wZ hvi
gva¨‡g AwZ VvÛv ZvcgvÎvq kix‡ii A¯^vfvweK I Amy¯
wUmy¨ †Kvl aŸsm Kiv nq| GB wPwKrmvi †ÿ‡Î
kxZjxKi‡Yi Rb¨ Zij bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW
I WvB wg_vBj B_v‡ii †cÖv‡cb, AvM©b BZ¨vw` e¨eüZ
nq| GB wPwKrmvi †ÿ‡Î ZvcgvÎv cÖvq – 41 †_‡K –
196 wWwMÖ †mw›U‡MÖW ch©šÍ Kwg‡q Avbv nq| A_©vr wb¤œ wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2
ZvcgvÎvq wPwKrmv m¤¢e| [w`. †ev. 23]
(M) †gqi g‡nv`‡qi ev¯ÍevwqZ †bUIqvK© wm‡÷gwU n‡”Q (N) DÏxc‡K wPÎ-1 w`‡q wis U‡cvjwR‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q Ges
dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej| wPÎ-2 Øviv †gk U‡cvjwR‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| wis Ges
dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej nj GK ai‡bi Av‡jv cwievnx †gk U‡cvjwRi g‡a¨ †gk U‡cvjwR e¨envi Kiv AwaK
Zvi hv GK ev GKvwaK AcwUK¨vj dvBevi w`‡q •Zwi myweavRbK| wb‡¤œ GB wel‡q gZvgZ †`Iqv n‡jv:
Kiv nq| GB AcwUK¨vj dvBevi •e`y¨wZK AšÍiK ev 1| wis U‡cvjwR‡Z GK †bvW †_‡K Ab¨ †bv‡W †WUv
WvB-B‡jKwUªK c`v_© w`‡q •Zwi GK ai‡bi dvBevi hv †cÖi‡Y A‡bK mgq †j‡M †h‡Z c‡i, †Kbbv GKwU
Av‡jv wbeÜKiY I cwien‡Y mÿg| D‡jøL¨ Av‡jvi †WUv †cÖiY Kiv n‡j Gi MšÍe¨ ch©šÍ †cu․Qv‡Z Ab¨
MwZ cÖvq 3.00  108 m/s| dvBevi •Zwii Rb¨ †bvfv ågY Ki‡Z nq| wKš‧ †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z GK
•e`y¨wZK AšÍiK c`v_© wnmv‡e wmwjKv Ges gvwë †bvW †_‡K Ab¨ †bv‡W AwZ `ªæZ †WUv †cÖiY Kiv
K‡¤úv‡b›U KuvP eûjfv‡e e¨envi Kiv nq| wfbœ
m¤¢e †Kbbv cÖwZwU †bvW I‡K G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_
cÖwZmivs‡Ki •e`y¨wZK AšÍiK ev WvB-B‡jKwUªK c`v_©
hy³|
w`‡q AcwUK¨vj dvBevi MwVZ|
dvBevi AcwU‡Ki wZbwU Ask _v‡K| h_v : 2| wis U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU †bvW bó n‡jB mKj
1. †Kvi: wfZ‡ii WvB-B‡jKwUªK †Kvi hvi e¨vm 8 †bUIqvK© APj n‡q c‡o wKš‧ †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z
†_‡K 100 gvB‡µvb n‡q _v‡K| GKwU †bvW bó n‡j, ïay IB †bvWwU-B c„_Kfv‡e
2. K¬¨vwWs: †Kvi‡K Ave× K‡i _vKv evB‡ii WvB- APj nq|
B‡jKwUªK AveiY K¬¨vwWs bv‡g cwiwPZ| †Kv‡ii 3| wis U‡cvjwR‡Z Uªvej ky¨wUs A‡bK KwVb †hLv‡b
cÖwZmivsK K¬¨vwWs‡qi cÖwZmivs‡Ki †P‡q †ewk _v‡K| †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z mn‡RB Uªvej ky¨wUs Kiv hvq,
3. R¨v‡KU: AveiY wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| †Kbbv G‡Z mgm¨vi †K›`ª Lyu‡R cvIqv mnR|
Glass Secondary 4| m‡e©vcwi, wis U‡cvjwR‡Z †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi
Cladding buffer Sheath Jacket wbðqZv †gk U‡cvjwR †_‡K A‡bK Kg|
AZGe, wPÎ-2 Z_v †gk U‡cvjwR e¨envi KivB
myweavRbK|
Glass
Cladding
13| X K‡jR K‡¤úv‡b›U KvuP w`‡q •Zwi gva¨g e¨envi K‡i
core Primary Core
buffer
Kw¤úDUvimg~‡ni g‡a¨ †bUIqvK© •Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| K‡jRwU
40 km `~‡i Aew¯’Z ÔYÕ K‡j‡Ri mv‡_ IEEE 802.16
(N) †c․i †gq‡ii D‡`¨vMwU mvwe©K we‡ePbvq †h․w³K| ÷¨vÛvW© wewkó KwgDwb‡Kkb wWfvBm Øviv hy³|
†mLvbKvi AwaKvsk B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvixiv [gqgbwmsn †evW© 23]
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(L) nve I myB‡Pi g~j cv_©K¨ eyw×gËvq| nv‡ei †fZi
n‡jv:
eyw×gËv †bB, GwU wewfbœ wWfvB‡mi †bUIqvwK©s
1. wWwRUvj c×wZi †iwWI wmMb¨vj e¨eüZ nq|
†cvU©¸‡jvi †fZi GKai‡bi cwievwnK †hvMv‡hvM Qvov
2. †bUIqvK© GSM Ges CDMA ÷¨vÛvW©|
Avi wKQzB bq| nv‡e †WUv msN‡l©i Avk¼v _v‡K Ges
3. mxwgZ AvKv‡i †ivwgs myweav we`¨gvb|
†bUIqv‡K© wmMb¨vj R¨vg †e‡o hvq| Ab¨w`‡K myBP
4. me©cÖ_g wcÖ-†cBW c×wZ Pvjy Ges GgGgGm Ges
msNl© Gov‡bvi Rb¨ cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii MAC A¨v‡Wªm
GmGgGm †mev Pvjy|
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5. Handoff myweav Pvjy|
GQvov `ye©j n‡q cov ms‡KZ‡K A¨vgwcødvB K‡i MšÍ‡e¨
6. B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM †gvevBj e¨vswKs wbDR †nWjvBb
†cªiY K‡i| Gme Kvi‡Y †WUv †cÖi‡Y nv‡ei †P‡q myBP
I weÁvcb cÖPvi ïiæ|
DËg|
7. mgmvgwqK Ab¨vb¨ †dvb †m‡Ui Zzjbvq AvKv‡i †QvU
(M) AvKvi, `~iZ¡ I †f․‡MvwjK we¯Í…wZi Dci wfwË K‡i
I IR‡b nvjKv|
Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©‡K wewfbœ fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
(N) †`vjbPvucv wek^e¨vcx myweav MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ K¬vDW
DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ wP‡Îi †bUIqvK©wU `~i‡Z¡i wePv‡i j¨vb
Kw¤úDwUs cwi‡mev †hgb- †bUIqvK©, mvf©vi, †÷v‡iR,
†bUIqvK©| LAN k‡ãi c~Y©bvg Local Areal
mdUIq¨vi I mvwf©m †bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g †µZvi myweav
Network. GKB fe‡bi GKBZjvq ev wewfbœ Zjvq,
Abymv‡i, PvwnevgvÎ I Pvwn`v Abymv‡i mn‡R e¨envi
cvkvcvwk feb ev wbw`©ó GKwU K¨v¤úv‡m wewfbœ
Kivi my‡hvM cÖ`vb I fvov †`Iqvi wm‡÷g n‡jv K¬vDW
Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi mv‡_ ms‡hvM ¯vcb K‡i LAN Kiv
Kw¤úDwUs| G‡Z I‡q‡e mKj ai‡bi Kvh©µg Kiv
nq| LAN Gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wKQz •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
m¤¢e| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡Z¨K e¨enviKvix‡K K¬v‡q›U wn‡m‡e
1. mvaviYZ 100 wgUvi ev mxwgZ `~i‡Z¡i g‡a¨ G e¨e¯v
we‡ePbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| K¬vDW kãwU B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
M‡o D‡V|
iƒcK wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| AvKv‡k me©Î †hfv‡e †gN
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 13
2. †QvU Awdm-Av`vjZ, e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡b wKsev GKwU (M) eÜzi mv‡_ Z_¨ †kqvwis Gi †ÿ‡Î nvwee mv‡n‡ei
feb ev ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯Z K‡qKwU fe‡b ¯vwcZ AmsL¨ e¨eüZ cÖhyw³ n‡jv eøyUz_| Iq¨vi‡jm †bUIqvwK©s RM‡Z
Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ GB †bUIqvK© M‡o †Zvjv nq| eøyUz_ n‡”Q Ggb GKwU c×wZ hv ¯^í `~i‡Z¡i g‡a¨
3. G‡Z A‡bK wWfvBm A¨vK‡mm cvIqv hvq Ges wiwcUvi Zviwenxbfv‡e `ywU wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb
e¨envi K‡i Gi we¯Í…ZwZ m‡ev©”P| wK.wg. Kiv hvq| K‡i _v‡K| eøyUz_ †bUIqvK©wUi e¨vÛDB_ I wbivcËv
4. LAN Gi U‡cvjwR mvaviYZ evm, ÷vi, wUª, wis n‡q e¨e¯v Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg n‡jI GwU eûj e¨eüZ| †h
_v‡K| me wWfvB‡m GB c×wZ i‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv‡K eøyUz_ wWfvBm
(N) †h‡nZz K‡j‡Ri Kw¤úDUvi j¨v‡ei we¯Í…wZ 50-100 e‡j| eZ©gv‡b j¨vcUc, U¨ve, wcwWG, ¯§vU© †dv‡b eøyUz_
wgUvi Gi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb _v‡K| ZvB ejv hvq, cÖhyw³mn Av‡M †_‡K †`Iqv _v‡K| GQvov B`vbxs
†bUIqvK©wU j¨vb (LAN)| DÏxc‡K 1,2, I 3 bs gvDm, Kx‡evW©, †nW‡dvb †mU, ¯úxKvi, BZ¨vw`‡ZI
Kw¤úDUvi wis U‡cvjwR Ges 2, 3, 4 I 5 bs eøyUz_ e¨eüZ nq|
Kw¤úDUv‡i †gk U‡cvjwR cwVZ| G‡`i g‡a¨ †gk GwU GKwU cv‡m©vbvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© c¨vb (PAN),
D‡cvjwR DËg| 2.45 GHz wd«‡Kv‡qw݇Z KvR K‡i Ges Gi e¨vwß 3
1. †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ †_‡K 10 wgUvi n‡q _v‡K| nvd -Wz‡cø‡· †gv‡W Gi
†WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| wKš‧ wis U‡cvjwR‡Z †WUv UªvÝwgkb †iU cÖvq 100 Mbps ev Zvi‡P‡q †ewk|
PjvP‡ji MwZ Kg Ges LiPI †ewk| GwU ¯vcb Kiv mnR Ges ¯^qswµqfv‡e KbwdMv‡ikb
2. †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi bó n‡q †M‡j Kiv hvq|
Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b †Kv‡bv mgm¨v (N) nvwee mv‡ne wØZxq Zjvi mnKg©x‡K dvBj cvVv‡Z
nq bv| wKš‧ wis U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi (1,2 †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (LAN) Ges dvB‡ji Z_¨
I 3 Gi g‡a¨) †h‡Kv‡bvwU bó n‡q †M‡j m¤ú~Y© we‡`‡k †µZvi Kv‡Q †cÖiY Ki‡Z IqvBW Gwiqv
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3. †gk U‡cvjwRi †bUIqv‡K©i mgm¨v Lye mn‡R `~i‡Z¡i K¨ve‡ji gva¨‡g GK Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨
mgvavb Kiv hvq| wKš‧ wis U‡cvjwR †h‡Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi mshy³ K‡i Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯v‡K,
mgm¨v wbiƒcY Kiv †ek RwUj| LAN e‡j| GKB fe‡bi GKB Zjvq ev wewfbœ Zjvq,
cvkvcvwk feb ev wbw`©ó GKwU K¨v¤úv‡m wewfbœ
18| nvwee mv‡ne Zvi Awd‡m cv‡k emv eÜzi mv‡_ webv Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi mv‡_ ms‡hvM ¯vcb K‡i LAN Kiv
Li‡P Z_¨ †kqvi KiwQ‡jb| Ggb mgq Awd‡mi 2q Zjvi nq| mvaviYZ 100 wgUvi ev mxwgZ `~i‡Z¡i g‡a¨ G
GK mnKg©x Zvui Kv‡Q GKwU dvB‡ji Z_¨ †`L‡Z PvB‡j, e¨e¯v M‡o D‡V| G e¨e¯vi †WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii nvi
wZwb wbPZjvi iæ‡g e‡mB wbR¯^ †bUIqvK© e¨e¯vq mnKg©xi mvaviYZ 10 MbPs †_‡K 1000 Mbps G ai‡bi
Kw¤úDUv‡i Zv cvwV‡q †`b| cieZ©x‡Z GKRb we‡`wk †µZv †bUIqvK© wewfbœ wkÿv cÖwZôvb, Awdm, wkí, cÖwZôv‡b
dvBjwU †P‡q cvVv‡j wZwb m‡½ m‡½ Zv cvwV‡q †`b| ¯vcb Kiv nq| we¯Í…Z †f․‡MvwjK GjvKvq Aew¯Z
[PÆMÖvg †evW© 2019] GKvwaK LAN I MAN †K wb‡q IqvBW Gwiqv
(K) †ivwgs Kx? †bUIqvK© (WAN) M‡o I‡V| we¯Í…Z GjvKv wb‡q M‡o
(L) bb †gUvwjK K¨vej gva¨gwU e¨vL¨v Ki| I‡V e‡j LAN I MAN †K mshy³ Kivi Rb¨ we‡kl
(M) eÜzi mv‡_ Z_¨ †kqvwis-Gi †ÿ‡Î nvwee mv‡n‡ei wWfvBm I †UK‡bvjwR e¨envi Kiv nq| G ai‡bi
e¨eüZ cÖhyw³wUi eY©bv `vI| †bUIqv‡K© †Uwj‡dvb jvBb, g‡Wg, †eZvi Zi½,
(N) dvB‡ji Z_¨ cvVv‡Z nvwee mv‡n‡ei †bUIqvK©Ø‡qi m¨v‡UjvBU, gvB‡µvI‡qf e¨envi Kiv nq| Z_¨ Av`vb-
g‡a¨ †KvbwU DËg? we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI| cÖ`v‡b G ai‡bi †bUIqvK© †ewk e¨eüZ nq| K¨vej
mgvavb: ms‡hvM mvaviYZ 16 Kbps 1 †_‡K 1.5 Mbps
(K) †gvevBj mvwf©m †cÖvfvBWv‡ii Kfv‡iR Gwiqvi e¨vÛDB‡_i n‡Z cv‡i| Kw¤úDUvi weÁvbx Ges
mxgve×Zv `~i Kivi Rb¨ mvwf©m †cÖvfvBWvi‡`i g‡a¨ cÖhyw³we`MY WAN Gi gva¨‡g c„w_ex‡K GKwU †Møvevj
†`kxq I AvšÍt‡`kxqfv‡e ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ wf‡j‡R cwiYZ K‡i‡Qb|
AvšÍtms‡hv‡Mi e¨e¯v‡K †ivwgs e‡j| †h‡nZz WAN e¨envi K‡i †`‡k wKsev we‡`‡k Z_¨
(L) bb †gUvwjK K¨vej n‡jv dvBevi AcwUK¨vj K¨vej| Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq wKš‧ LAN Øviv Kiv hvq bv|
dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej we‡klfv‡e cwiï× Kv‡Pi •Zwi ZvB Z_¨ cvVv‡Z nvwee mv‡n‡ei e¨eüZ †bUIqvK©Ø‡qi
AZ¨šÍ m~² Zš‧| G K¨ve‡ji •ewkó¨ (1300-1500 nm) g‡a¨ WAN n‡”Q DËg †bUIqvK©|
Awek^vm¨ iKg ¯^”Q, Zvc †kvl‡Yi Kvi‡Y we‡kl †Kv‡bv
jm QvovB Gi †fZi w`‡q wmMb¨vj `xN© `~i‡Z¡ †bIqv
hvq|
14  HSC ICT Chapter-2
19| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki- [wm‡jU †evW©2019]U‡cvjwR Bb÷‡jkb mnR I mvkÖqx| G‡ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv
Kw¤úDUvi wew”QbœKiY ev bó n‡jI m¤ú~Y© †bUIqvK©
C1 C2

C3 C4
Com-3
APj n‡q c‡o bv| Kw¤úDUvi j¨v‡e ¯^í e¨‡q e¨env‡ii
Com-4 Com-2
Rb¨ evm U‡cvjwR DËg|
Swicth (N) †h DÏxc‡Ki Fig-A wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© n‡jv ÷vi
Com-5 Com-1 U‡cvjwR Ges Fig-B wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© n‡jv wis
Fig -A Fig -B U‡cvjwR †ewk myweavRbK| KviY-
Sever P1 P2 1. ÷vi U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU Kw¤úDUvi A‡K‡Rv n‡j
cy‡iv †bUIqvK© A‡K‡Rv n‡q hvq bv| wKš‧ wi‡Oi
GKwU Kw¤úDUvi A‡K‡Rv n‡j cy‡iv †bUIqvK©
P3 P4
A‡K‡Rv n‡q hvq|
Fig -C
2. ÷vi †bUIqv‡K© †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi †hvM Ki‡j ev
(K) wcqvi -Uz-wcqvi †bUIqvK© Kx?
mwi‡q wb‡q Zv cy‡iv †bUIqv‡K©i †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi
(L) IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛv‡Û©i cÖhyw³wU eywS‡q †jL|
†hvM Ki‡j ev mwi‡q wb‡j Zv cy‡iv †bUIqv‡K©i
(M) Fig-C wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
Kvh©µg e¨vnZ K‡i|
(N) Fig-A I Fig-B wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRi g‡a¨
3. ÷vi †bUIqv‡K© †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j mn‡RB
†KvbwU myweavRbK ? we‡kølY Ki|
mgvavb Kiv hvq| wKš‧ wis †bUIqv‡K© †Kv‡bv mgm¨v
mgvavb:
n‡j ÎæwU, Lyu‡R †ei Kiv KwVb n‡q `vuovq|
(K) c„_K mvf©vi Kw¤úDUvi e¨ZxZ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK
Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖwÿ‡Z ejv hvq †h, Fig-A I
Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ wi‡mvm© †kqvi Kivi Rb¨ †h
Fig-B wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRi g‡a¨ Fig-A
†bUIqvK© MVb Kiv nq ZvB wcqvi-Uz-wcqvi †bUIqvK©|
A_©vr ÷vi U‡cvjwR myweavRbK|
(L) IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛv‡W©i cÖhyw³wU n‡jv WiMax| GwU
`ªæZ MwZi GKwU †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ †hwU cÖPwjZ DSL
20| wg. Avwid Zvi eûZjwewkó fe‡b gvwë K‡¤úv‡b›U KvP
(Digital subscriber Line) Ges Zvihy³ B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
w`‡q •Zwi gva¨g w`‡q Kw¤úDUvimg~‡ni g‡a¨ †bUIqvK© cÖwZôv
cwie‡Z© Iq¨vi‡jÝ B›Uvi‡bU myweav w`‡q _v‡K|
K‡ib| 10 wK.wg. `~‡i Aew¯Z Ab¨ GKwU fe‡bi mv‡_ Z_¨
Worldide Interoperabiltity for Mircowave
Access –Gi mswÿß iƒc n‡”Q WiMax| GwU Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ wZwb IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛvW©wewkó
mvaviYZ 2 †_‡K 66 GHz wd«‡Kv‡qw݇Z KvR K‡i KwgDwb‡Kk‡b wm‡÷g e¨env‡ii wm×všÍ †bb| [ewikvj †evW©
2019]
Ges 80 Mbps †_‡K 1 Gbps ch©šÍ MwZ‡Z †WUv
(K) gvwëKv÷ UªvÝwgkb Kx?
UªvÝdvi †iU cÖ`v‡b mÿg|
(L) K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs‡qi wbivcËv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg-e¨vL¨v
(M) Fig-C wb‡`©wkZ †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRwU n‡jv evm
Ki|
U‡cvjwR| †h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU ms‡hvM jvB‡bi mv‡_
(M) eûZj fe‡b e¨eüZ gva¨gwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
me ai‡bi †bvW A_©vr Kw¤úDUvi I Ab¨vb¨ hš¿cvwZ ev
(N) Avwi‡di wm×v‡šÍi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki|
wWfvBm BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K ZvB evm U‡cvjwR| G‡Z
mgvavb:
cÖavb ms‡hvM jvB‡bi `yÕcÖv‡šÍ `yÕwU Uvwg©‡bUi _v‡K| GB
(K) †bUIqv‡K©i †Kv‡bv GKwU †cÖiK †_‡K †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡j
cÖavb ms‡hvM jvBb‡K evm (Bus) ejv nq|
Zv hw` ïay Aby‡gvw`Z m`m¨iv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K
gvwëKv÷ UªvÝwgkb e‡j|
(L) K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Z‡_¨i RM‡Z wekvj wbivcËvi SzuwK
m„wó K‡i‡Q| GB mvwf©‡m Avc‡jvW Kiv Z_¨ †Kv_vq
msiwÿZ Ges cÖwµqvKiY nq, Zv e¨enviKvix Rvb‡Z
cv‡i bv| †mB Z_¨ ev †WUvi Dci Ges †cÖvMÖvg ev
mdUIq¨v‡ii Dci e¨enviKvixi GKK wbqš¿Y _v‡K
wPÎ: evm U‡cvjwR bv| A_©vr Z‡_¨i †MvcbxqZv I wbivcËv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e
†bUIqv‡K©i cÖwZwU †bvW ¯^Zš¿fv‡e ev‡m mshy³ _v‡K| Kg|
G‡ÿ‡Î †WUv cÖevn e¨e¯v nq wØgyLx| †WUv cvVv‡bvi (M) eûZj fe‡b gvwëK‡¤úv‡b›U KvP w`‡q •Zwi gva¨gwU
cÖ‡qvRb n‡j †cÖiK Kw¤úDUvi G jvB‡b †WUv cvwV‡q n‡jv dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej| dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej
†`q| †cÖwiZ †WUvi mv‡_ cÖvcK †K n‡e †m Z_¨I we‡klfv‡e cwiï× Kv‡Pi •Zwi AZ¨šÍ m~² Zš‧, hw`I
_v‡K| ev‡mi mv‡_ hy³ Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUvi ev‡m we‡klvwqZ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cøvw÷K ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ¯^”Q
cÖevwnZ †WUv cixÿv K‡i †`‡L| ïaygvÎ cÖvcK gva¨‡gi •Zwi dvBevi AcwUK K¨vejI cvIqv hvq|
Kw¤úDUviB †WUv MÖnY K‡i, Ab¨iv GB †WUv MÖnY †_‡K dvBevi AcwUK K¨ve‡ji •ewkó¨ n‡”Q GwU Bbd«v‡qW
weiZ _v‡K| Kg Zvi Ges mij msMV‡bi Kvi‡Y evm
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 15
Av‡jvi GKwU †i‡Äi †fZi (1300-1500 nm) Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK ms‡hvM‡K c‡q›U Uz-
Awek^vm¨ iKg ¯^”Q, ZvB †kvl‡Yi Kvi‡Y we‡kl †Kv‡bv c‡q›U (wcqvi-Uz-wcqvi) wjsK ejv nq| cÖwZwU
jm QvovB Gi †fZi w`‡q wmMb¨vj `xN© `~i‡Z¡ †bIqv Kw¤úDUvi AvšÍtmshy³ _vKvi Kvi‡Y †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z
hvq| dvBevi AcwUK K¨ve‡ji †K‡›`ªi AskUzKzi ci¯úi `ªæZMwZ‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b mÿg|
cÖwZmivsK evB‡ii As‡ki cÖwZmivsK †_‡K †ewk| †h (M) DÏxc‡K cÎ cvVv‡bvi UªvÝwgkb †gvW n‡jv gvwëKv÷
As‡ki cÖwZmivsK †ewk Zv‡K †Kvi (Core) e‡j Ges †gvW| gvwëKv÷ †gvW: †bUIqv‡K©i †Kv‡bv GKwU †bvW
†h As‡ki cÖwZmivsK Kg Zv‡K K¬¨vW (Clad) e‡j| †_‡K †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡j Zv hw` ïaygvÎ wbw`©ó GKwU
cÖwZmivs‡Ki cv_©‡K¨i Kvi‡Y c~Y© Af¨šÍixY cÖwZdj‡bi MÖæ‡ci mKj m`m¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i wKš‧ †bUIqv‡K©i
gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv jm QvovB †Kv‡ii †fZi w`‡q Av‡jv Aawb¯ mKj †bvW MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Zv‡K gvwëKv÷
†h‡Z cv‡i| †gvW e‡j|
dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡kI (†hgb- Pvc,
Zvc BZ¨vw`) †WUvi wbivcËv iÿv nq| `ªæZMwZ I
wbivcËv •ewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡Y †bUIqvK© e¨vK‡evb
(†hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯vi †giæ`Ð) wn‡m‡e e¨vcK nv‡i mgv`„Z
I e¨eüZ|
(N) wg. Avwi‡di wm×všÍwU wQj IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛvW©|
ZvB GwU WiMax cÖhyw³| WiMax `ªæZMwZi
†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³, †hwU cÖPwjZ DSL (Digital
Subscriber Line) Ges Zvihy³ B›Uvi‡b‡Ui cwie‡Z© wPÎ: gvwëKv÷ †gvW
Iq¨vi‡jm B›Uvi‡bU myweav cÖ`vb K‡i| GB cÖhyw³‡Z A_©vr gvwëKv÷ †gv‡W †bUIqv‡K©i †Kv‡bv GKwU †bvW
GKwU GKK †em †÷k‡bi gva¨‡g wekvj †f․‡MvwjK †_‡K †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡j Zv †bUIqv‡K©i Aa©x‡b mKj
GjvKvq nvRvi nvRvi e¨enviKvix‡K Iq¨vi‡jm †bvWB MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ïaygvÎ wbw`©ó GKwU MÖæ‡ci
B›Uvi‡bU myweav †`qv hvq| Iq¨vi‡jm nIqvq m`m¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †hgb- wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs
†cv‡U©ewjwUi myweav cvIqv hvq Ges Gi wiwmfvi mn‡R Gi †ÿ‡Î ïaygvÎ hv‡`i AbygwZ _vK‡e ZvivB AskMÖnY
enb‡hvM¨| wewfbœ ai‡bi wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g kni Ges Ki‡Z cvi‡e| GwU nvd Wz‡cø· ev dyj-Wz‡cø· n‡q
MÖv‡g| †cv‡U©ej eªWe¨vÛ ms‡hvM cÖ`vb K‡i| GwU GKwU _v‡K| D`nviY- IqvwKUwK, Kw¤úDUv‡i †U·U ev
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Dc‡ii eY©bvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K wg. Avwid ms¯v (ITU) Gi msÁvbymv‡i, 3G ev Z„Zxq cÖRb¥ n‡”Q
10 wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i Aew¯Z Ab¨ GKwU fe‡bi mv‡_ Ggb ai‡bi GK †gvevBj ÷vÛvW© hv‡Z, GSM,
Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi wm×všÍ †bb| G‡ÿ‡Î `~iZ¡ †ewk EDGE, UMTS Ges CDMA 2000 cÖhyw³ AšÍf©y³
nIqvq KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g wn‡m‡e Iq¨vBg¨v· cÖhyw³ _v‡K|
LyeB Kvh©Ki n‡e| Z…Zxq cÖR‡b¥i †gvevBj wm‡÷‡g c¨v‡KU myBP c×wZ
cÖewZ©Z nIqvq AwZ `ªæZ kã I Qwe Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv
21| wg. w``v‡ii Awd‡mi cÎvw` A¨vUvP‡g›U wn‡m‡e B- hvq| FOMA cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i †gvevBj e¨vswKs, B-
†gB‡ji gva¨‡g cÖvc‡Ki Kv‡Q cvVv‡bv nq| Zvi Awd‡mi Kgvm©, B-†gBj Ges Ab¨vb¨ B›Uvi‡bUwfwËK mvwf©m
mnKgx©iv WCDMA ÷¨vÛv‡W©i †gvevB‡ji gva¨‡g wfwWI cÖ`vb Kiv nq| wWwRUvj c×wZ‡Z f‡qm Ges †WUv
P¨vU K‡i _v‡Kb| [ewikvj †evW© 2019] ¯vbvšÍi nq| G e¨e¯vq wmMb¨vj Pvwiw`‡K mgvbfv‡e
(K) Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© Kx? wef³ n‡q hvq| GgGgGm, f‡qm Kj, †gvevBj wUwf
(L) †Kvb U‡cvjwR‡Z †bvWmg~n ci¯úi Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e I wfwWI K‡ji cÖPjb ïiæ nq| Z…Zxq cÖR‡b¥
`ªæZMwZ‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| AvšÍR©vwZK †ivwgs myweav Ges †gvevBj †dv‡b B›Uvi‡bU
(M) DÏxc‡K cÎ cvVv‡bvi UªvÝwgkb †gvW e¨vL¨v Ki| cÖPjb ïiæ nq| D”P MwZi wmMb¨vj wd«‡Kv‡qwÝi gva¨‡g
(N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †gvevBj cÖRb¥wU we‡kølY Ki| `ªæZ †WUv cvivcvi Kiv m¤¢e| j¨vcU‡c †gvevBj g‡Wg
mgvavb: ev Iq¨vi‡jm g‡W‡gi e¨envi jÿYxq, wfwWI
(K) Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© n‡jv `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Kw¤úDUv‡ii Kbdv‡iÝ myweav i‡q‡Q, Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX I WAP
g‡a¨ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ ms‡hvM e¨e¯v| cÖ‡UvK‡ji e¨envi Kiv hvq|
(L) †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z †bvWmg~n ci¯úi Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e
`ªæZMwZ‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z †K›`ªxq 22| Kwig mv‡n‡ei MÖv‡gi evwo wbR kni †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i
mvf©vi ev wWfvB‡mi `iKvi c‡o bv| GB †bUIqvK©fz³ Aew¯Z| wZwb kn‡i _vKvi mg‡q evmvq j¨vcUc, †W¯‥Uc I
16  HSC ICT Chapter-2
¯§vU©‡dv‡b Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g †WUv ¯vbvšÍi UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨vej I
K‡ib| wKš‧ MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z wZwb GKwU we‡kl †Kv¤úvwbi AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej
Kv‡Q wba©vwiZ gvwmK fvov cÖ`vb K‡i †Rvovq †gvPov‡bv Zvi e¨eüZ nq|
Øviv Kw¤úDUvi Gi mv‡_ ms‡hvM K‡i †bUIqv‡K© mshy³ 3. LiP Kg| 3. e¨qeûj|
_v‡Kb| [w`bvRcyi †evW© 2019] 4. D”P e¨vÛDB_ wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ 4. e¨vÛDB_ wb¤œMwZi|
(K) †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb Kx? cÖ`vb K‡i|
(L) wbivc` †WUv msiÿ‡Y K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs DËg -e¨vL¨v 5. nve Ges myBP e¨envi 5. ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ mshy³
Ki| K‡i †bUIqvK© GKvwaK Iq¨vi‡jm †eR
(M) DÏxc‡K Kwig mv‡ne kn‡i †Kvb cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kvfv‡iR Gwiqv †÷kb Gi gva¨‡g
K‡i‡Qb Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| G·‡Ubkb Kiv hvq| wekvj GjvKv‡K
(N) Kwig mv‡ne B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii Rb¨ kni I MÖv‡g †h †bUIqvK© Kvfv‡i‡Ri
gva¨g e¨envi K‡ib Zv‡`i Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki| g‡a¨ Avbv m¤¢e|
mgvavb: 6. mvwf©m †KvqvwjwU †ek 6. mvwf©m †KvqvwjwU
(K) †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb n‡jv Drm (†cÖiYKvix) I MÖnYKvixi fv‡jv| Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Lvivc|
g‡a¨ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯v|
(L) wewfbœ ai‡bi Kw¤úDUvi wi‡mvm© †hgb- †bUIqvK©, 23| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki- [w`bvRcyi †evW© 2019]
mvf©vi, †÷v‡iR, mdUIq¨vi I mvwf©m †bUIqv‡K©i P
gva¨‡g †µZvi myweav Abymv‡i, PvwnevgvÎ I Pvwn`v
Abymv‡i mn‡R e¨envi Kivi my‡hvM cÖ`vb I fvov
†`Iqvi wm‡÷g n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs| K¬vDW
Kw¤úDwUs mvwf©m cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi KvwiMwi S
`ÿZv, e¨vKAvc K¨vcwmwU A‡bK †ewk| ZvB wbivc`
†WUv msiÿ‡Y K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs DËg e¨e¯v|
(M) DÏxc‡K Kwig mv‡ne kn‡i Wi-Fi cÖhyw³ e¨envi
K‡i‡Qb| wb‡P Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv Wi-Fi n‡”Q LAN R
wPÎ: K
wfwËK Iq¨vi‡jm e¨e¯v| G e¨e¯vq enb‡hvM¨
Kw¤úDUv‡ii hš¿cvwZi mv‡_ mn‡R B›Uvi‡bU hy³ Kiv
Q S
hvq| Zviwenxb †bUIqvwK©s cÖhyw³ hv D”P MwZi
B›Uvi‡bU I †bUIqvK© ms†hvMmg~n mieiv‡ni Rb¨
wPÎ: L
†eZvi Zi½‡K e¨envi K‡i Zv‡K Wi-Fi e‡j| GwU
(K) e¨vÛDB_ Kx?
Iq¨vi‡jm †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© Gi Rb¨ 802.11
(L) †gvevBj †dv‡bi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖYxZ ÷¨vÛvW©| GKwU wbw`©ó Kfv‡iR GjvKv ev nU¯úU
(M) wPÎ-K Gi PR Ges QS Gi ms‡hvM wewQbœ Ki‡j bZzb
Gi †bUIqvK© m„wói Rb¨ GwU e¨eüZ nq| weMZ K‡qK
U‡cvjwR e¨L¨v Ki|
eQ‡i Wi-Fi cÖPzi RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i‡Q| wewfbœ ISP
(N) DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-K I wPÎ-L G DwjøwLZ U‡cvjwRi Ôg‡a¨
cÖwZôvb cÖ_‡g †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯v e„w×i Rb¨ webvg~‡j¨
myweavRbK †KvbwU Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki|
Wi-Fi ms‡hvM w`‡jI cieZ©x‡Z gvwmK Pvu`vi wewbg‡q
mgvavb:
mvwf©m w`‡q Avm‡Q| Wi-Fi GKwU Iq¨vi‡jm cÖhyw³ hv
(K) cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û †h cwigvY †WUv GK ¯vb n‡Z Ab¨ ¯v‡b
†mj‡dv‡bi g‡Zv KvR K‡i| cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUvi,
¯vbvšÍwiZ nq A_©vr †WUv ¯vbvšÍi nviB e¨vÛDB_|
wfwWI, †MBg, ¯§vU© †dvb, wWwRUvj AwWI †cøqv‡i Wi-
(L) †gvevBj †dv‡bi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW n‡jv dzj-Wz‡cø·|
Fi GWvÞvi _v‡K Z‡e GwU AwWI †cøqvi B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
G c×wZ‡Z †WUv GKB mv‡_ Dfq w`‡K Av`vb-cÖ`vb
mv‡_ Wi-Fi hy³ Kiv hvq|
Kiv hvq| A_©vr †cÖiK I cÖvcK Dfq wWfvmB GK mv‡_
(N) Kwig mv‡ne B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii Rb¨ kn‡i Zviwenxb|
†WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gv‡b Avgiv
Ges MÖv‡g Zvi gva¨g e¨envi K‡ib| wb‡P Zvi I
¯^v”Q‡›`¨ K_v ejvi Rb¨ †hme cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i _vwK,
gva¨‡gi Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv-
†m¸‡jvi cÖvq me¸‡jvB dzj-Wz‡cøi wWfvBm| Gme
Zvi gva¨g Zviwenxb gva¨g
cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i †cÖiK I MÖvnK GKB mv‡_ Z_¨
1. †WUv cvivcv‡i D”P MwZ 1. Zvi gva¨‡gi Zzjbvq wb¤œ
Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
MwZ m¤úbœ|
(M) wPÎ-K Gi PR Ges QS Gi ms‡hvM wewQbœ Ki‡j bZzb
2. UªvÝwgkb gva¨g wn‡m‡e 2. UªvÝwgkb gva¨g wn‡m‡e
U‡cvjwRwU n‡e wis U‡cvjwR| wb‡P Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv
†Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej, †eZvi Zi½, gvB‡µvI‡qf
n‡jv-
UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨vej, I Bbd«v‡iW e¨eüZ nq|
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 17
mvaviYZ KvQvKvwQ ev GKB fe‡bi wewfbœ Kw¤úDUvi‡K (L) Kx-‡evW© †_‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i WvUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii e¨vÛ DB_
K¨vej Øviv ms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î wis U‡cvjwR e¨envi Kiv eywS‡q †jL|
n‡q _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î Kw¤úDUvi †bvW¸‡jv PµvKvi c‡_ (M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ j¨vcU‡c Qwe ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î †h
ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ hy³ n‡q †bUIqvK© MVb K‡i| GB ai‡bi †bUIqvK© e¨eüZ nq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
e„ËvKvi †bUIqv‡K© cÖ_g I me©‡kl Kw¤úDUvi ci¯ú‡ii (N) K¬v‡ei Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i wbKU Qwe †cÖi‡Y e¨eüZ
mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K Ges G‡Z †K›`ªxq †Kv‡bv wWfvBm ev nU¯ú‡Ui mv‡_ WiMAX Gi Zzjbv Ki|
mvf©v‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| mgvavb:
(K) GKB cÖ‡UvKjfz³ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ¯^Zš¿ †bUIqv‡K©i
ms‡hvM ¯vcb K‡i †bUIqvK© m¤úªmviY Ki‡Z †h hš¿
e¨envi Kiv nq ZvB ivDUvi|
(L) 1200 †_‡K 9600 wewcGm (bps) ev 9.6 kpbs ch©šÍ
†WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii e¨vÛDB_‡K f‡qme¨vÛ ejv nq| GwU
mvaviYZ †Uwj‡dvb wm‡÷‡g e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K|
†Uwj‡dvb jvB‡b G e¨vÛDB‡_i wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ 200-3600
Hz| kÖve¨Zvi mxgvi g‡a¨ †h wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ ev K¤úvsK
_v‡K Zvi meB GB e¨vÛDB‡_ _v‡K| Kw¤úDUvi I
†cwi‡divj hš¿cvwZ‡Z (Wvqvj-Avc g‡Wg, ¯‥¨vbvi,
Zv‡ii cwigvY Kg cÖ‡qvRb nq e‡j Gi ev¯Íevqb LiP Kg jv‡M| wcÖ›Uvi gwbUi BZ¨vw`) †WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î GB
Z‡e wis U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kv‡bv GKwU Kw¤úDUvi A‡K‡Rv n‡q †M‡j e¨vÛDB_ e¨eüZ nq|
m¤ú~Y© †bUIqvK©B A‡K‡Rv n‡q hvq Ges G‡`i ci¯ú‡ii gv‡S †WUv (M) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ j¨vcU‡c Qwe ¯vbvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î IEEE
Av`vb-cÖ`vb e¨vnZ nq| G‡Z K‡i †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi †ÿ‡Î
802.15 ÷¨vÛv‡W©i GKwU we‡kl cÖ‡UvKj e¨eüZ
Amyweav m„wó nq|
n‡q‡Q| IEEE ÷¨vÛv‡W©i GB we‡kl cÖ‡UvKjwU n‡jv
(N) DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-K n‡jv †gk U‡cvjwR Ges wPÎ-L n‡jv
eøyUz_|
nvBweªW U‡cvjwR| †gk I nvBweªW U‡cvjwRi g‡a¨
Iq¨vi‡jm †bUIqvwK©s RM‡Z eøyUz_ n‡”Q Ggb GKwU
nvBweªW U‡cvjwR myweavRbK| wb‡P Zv we‡kølY Kiv
c×wZ hv ¯^í `~i‡Z¡i g‡a¨ Zviwenxbfv‡e `ywU wWfvB‡mi
n‡jv-
g‡a¨ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| eøyUz_ †bUIqvK©wUi
evm, ÷vi, wis BZ¨vw` U‡cvjwRi mgš^‡q MwVZ
e¨vÛDB_ I wbivcËv e¨e¯v Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg n‡jI
†bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR‡K nvBweªW U‡cvjwR ejv nq| G
GwU eûj e¨eüZ| †h me wWfvB‡m GB c×wZ i‡q‡Q,
U‡cvjwR‡Z cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †bUIqvK© e„w× Kivi
†m¸‡jv‡K eøyUz_ wWfvBm e‡j| eZ©gv‡b j¨vcUc, U¨ve,
my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j Zv mn‡RB
wcwWG, ¯§vU© †dv‡b eøyUz_ cÖhyw³mn Av‡M †_‡K †`Iqv
wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e nq| †Kv‡bv GK Ask bó n‡q †M‡j
_v‡K| GQvov B`vbxs gvDm, Kx‡evW©, †nW‡dvb †mU,
m¤ú~Y© †bUIqvK© bó bv n‡q Askwe‡kl bó nq|
¯úxKvi BZ¨vw`‡ZI eøyUz_ e¨eüZ nq|
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î GKwU gvÎ †bUIqvK©
GwU GKwU cv‡m©vbvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© c¨vb (PAN),
U‡cvjwR ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© bvI n‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ me †ÿ‡Î
2.45 GHz wd«‡Kv‡qw݇Z KvR K‡i Ges Gi e¨vwß 3
nvBweªW U‡cvjwR e¨envi Kiv nq|
†_‡K 10 wgUvi n‡q _v‡K| nvd Wz‡cø‡· †gv‡W Gi †WUv
Aciw`‡K †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z †ewk cwigvY Zvi I
UªvÝwgkb †iU cÖvq| Mbps ev Zvi‡P‡q †ewk| GwU
Kw¤úDUvi jv‡M, ZvB GwU e¨qeûj| eo †bUIqvK©
¯vcb Kiv mnR Ges ¯^qswµqfv‡e KbwdMv‡ikb Kiv
ev¯Íevqb I KbwdMv‡ikb Kiv †ewk RwUj| mKj
hvq|
Kv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î †gk U‡cvjwR e¨envi bvI Kiv †h‡Z
(N) K¬v‡ei Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i wbKU Qwe †cÖi‡Y e¨eüZ
cv‡i| G mKj Kvi‡Y †gk U‡cvjwR †_‡K nvBweªW
nU¯úUwU n‡”Q Wi-Fi| Wi-Fi Gi mv‡_ WiMax Gi
U‡cvjwR Zzjbvg~jK myweavRbK|
Zzjbv wb‡P †`Lv‡bv n‡jv-
1. Wi-Fi Gi Kfv‡iR 50 -100 wgUvi| WiMax Gi
24| meyR evsjv K¬v‡ei †gvnb Zvi †gvevBj †dv‡bi
Kfv‡iR cÖvq 10-50 wK‡jvwgUvi|
K¨v‡givq aviYK…Z cwi‡ek wech©‡qi wKQz Qwe IEEE
2. Wi-Fi †bUIqv‡K© LiP Kg, wKš‧ WiMax †bUIqvK©
802.15 ÷¨vÛv‡W©i GKwU we‡kl cÖ‡UvKj- Gi gva¨‡g
e¨qeûj|
j¨vcU‡c ¯vbvšÍi K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z †gvnb Qwe¸‡jv
3. Wi-Fi Gi †bUIqvK© WLAN, WiMax Gi
SHAREit e¨envi K‡i K¬v‡mi Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i †gvevB‡j
†bUIqvK© WiMAN |
†cÖiY K‡ib|
[XvKv,h‡kvi,wm‡jU I w`bvRcyi †evW© 2018]
4. Wi-Fi Gi MwZ 11-200 Mbps, WiMax Gi MwZ
(K) ivDUvi Kx? 80-1000 Mbps
18  HSC ICT Chapter-2
5. Wi-Fi Gi ÷¨vÛvW© IEEE 802.11 Ab¨w`‡K Wz‡cø· †gvW| wmg‡cø· Ges dzj-Wz‡cø· †gv‡Wi g‡a¨
WiMax Gi ÷¨vÛvW© IEEE 802.16 •emv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q| †WUv ¯ÍvbvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î †WUvi
6. Wi-Fi G nvd Wy‡cøw·s †gvW e¨envi Kiv n‡jI GKw`‡Ki cÖevn‡K wmg‡cø· †gvW e‡j| A_©vr GwU
WiMax G dzj Wz‡cøw·s †gvW e¨envi Kiv nq| GKwU GKgyLx †gvW| G c×wZ‡Z GKwU †cÖiK c‡q›U ev
7. Wi-Fi Gi wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ 2.4-5 GHz, WiMax Gi Kw¤úDUvi me mgq Ab¨ c‡q›U ev Kw¤úDUvi †WUv MÖnY
wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ 2-66 GHz K‡i| wKš‧ cÖvcK Kw¤úDUvi ev c‡q›U KL‡bvB †cÖiK
Kw¤úDUvi ev c‡q‡›U †WUv UªvÝwgU Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
25| †Uwjwfk‡b wek^Kvc dzUej †Ljv †`L‡Z ivnvZ Zvi DÏxc‡Ki ivnv‡Zi †Uwjwfk‡b †Ljv †`Lvi D`vniYwU
eÜzi evwo‡Z hvq| †Ljv‡k‡l †divi c‡_ †m †`Lj iv¯Ívq wmg‡cø· †gvW Gi| KviY mvf©vi me mgq †Ljv m¤úªPvi
GKwU UªvK Gw·‡W›U K‡i‡Q| Uªv‡Ki mgv‡b GKRb cywjk Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‧ ivnvZ KL‡bvB mvf©v‡i †WUv †cÖiY
Awdmvi `vuwo‡q †gvevBj m`„k GKwU wWfvBm e¨envi K‡i Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
†_‡g †_‡g K_v e‡jwQ‡jb| Ggb mgq ivnv‡Zi eÜz †iRv Acic‡ÿ, dzj-Wz‡cø· n‡jv GKwU wØgyLx †gvW| A_©vr
†gvevBj †dv‡b Rvb‡Z PvBj †Ljvq †Kvb †`k wR‡Z‡Q? G c×wZ‡Z †cÖiK I cÖvcK GKB mgq †WUv Av`vb-
ivnvZ DËi w`j Rvg©vwb| [PÆMÖvg †evW© 2017] cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| DÏxc‡Ki ivnvZ †Ljvi djvdj
(K) Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© Kx? †gvevBj †dv‡bi gva¨‡g Zvi eÜz‡K Rvbv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î
(L) †WUv PjvP‡ji `ªæZZg gva¨gwUi eY©bv `vI| Dfq w`K †_‡K GKB mgq K_v ejv m¤¢e| ZvB GwU
(M) DÏxc‡Ki cywjk Awdmv‡ii wWfvBmwU‡Z †WUv, Av`vb- GKwU dzj-Wz‡cø· †gvW|
cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb c×wZwU e¨envi Kiv nw”Qj- we‡kølY
Ki| 26| Rvwid I Rvqvb GKv`k †kÖwYi QvÎ| Zv‡`i wkÿvi gvb
(N) ivnv‡Zi †Uwjwfk‡b †Ljv †`Lv Ges †Ljvi djvdj Dbœq‡b ICT wkÿ‡Ki civg‡k© j¨vcUc I B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM
eÜz‡K Rvwb‡q †`Iqvi †ÿ‡Î wWfvBm `ywU‡Z †WUv †bq| evwo‡Z †Uwjwfkb bv _vKvq gv‡S gv‡S evwoi mK‡j
UªvÝwgkb c×wZi wK †Kv‡bv •emv`„k¨ Av‡Q? DÏxc‡Ki wg‡j wewfbœ Abyôvb I wµ‡KU †Ljv †`‡L| wKQzw`b ci †`Lv
Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| †Mj B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM _vKvi Kvi‡Y Rvwi‡di †iRvë †ek
mgvavb: fv‡jv nq wKš‧ Rvqvb wcwQ‡q c‡o| [w`bvRcyi †evW© 2017]
(K) Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© n‡jv `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Kw¤úDUv‡ii (K) K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Kx?
g‡a¨ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ ms‡hvM e¨e¯v| (L) ÒAcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej‡K †bUIqv‡K©i e¨vK‡evb
(L) †WUv PjvPv‡ji `ªæZZg gva¨gwU n‡jv AcwUK¨vj ejv nqÓ -e¨vL¨v Ki|
dvBevi K¨vej| GwU GK ai‡bi c¨viv‣e`y¨wZK c`v‡_©i (M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Abyôvb I wµ‡KU †Ljvq e¨eüZ
•Zwi GK ai‡bi Avuk we‡kl hvi g‡a¨ Av‡jvi †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi †gvW e¨vL¨v Ki|
c~Y©Af¨šÍixY cÖwZdj‡bi gva¨‡g †WUv GK ¯vb †_‡K (N) Rvwid I Rvqv‡bi †iRv‡ë Kx ai‡bi cÖfve cwijwÿZ
Ab¨ ¯v‡b Mgb K‡i _v‡K| †Kvi, K¬¨vwWs Ges R¨v‡KU nq DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI|
Gi mgš^‡q dvBevi AcwUK¨vj K¨vej •Zwi| dvBevi mgvavb:
AcwUK KwgDwb‡Kk‡b †WUv †cÖi‡Yi Rb¨ Av‡jvK Drm (K) wbR¯^ †QvÆ Kw¤úDUv‡i B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g
wn‡m‡e Gj.B.wW ev †jRvi e¨envi Kiv nq| GKwU wekvjKvi Kw¤úDUvi fvov K‡i h‡_”Qv e¨envi
(M) DÏxc‡Ki cywjk Awdmv‡ii wWfvBmwU‡Z †WUv Av`vb- Ges hveZxq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ †mB Kw¤úDUv‡i msiÿ‡Yi
cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †h c×wZwU e¨envi Kiv nw”Qj Zv n‡jv aviYvwU n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs|
nvd Wz‡cø· †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW| (L) AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej n‡jv GK ai‡bi
nvc Wz‡cø· n‡jv GKwU GKgyLx †WUv UªvÝwgkb c×wZ| c¨viv‣e`y¨wZK c`v‡_©i •Zwi GK ai‡bi Avuk we‡kl hvi
A_©vr G c×wZ‡Z †WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î †cÖiK I cÖvcK g‡a¨ Av‡jvi c~Y©AfšÍixY cÖwZdj‡bi gva¨‡g †WUv GK
Dfq w`‡K †_‡KB †WUv †cÖiY Kiv hvq, Z‡e GKB ¯vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯v‡b Mgb K‡i _v‡K| Gi e¨vÛDB_
mg‡q Zv m¤¢e bq| G‡ÿ‡Î †cÖiK I cÖvc‡Ki †Kv‡bv AZ¨šÍ †ewk Ges we`y¨rPz¤^Kxq cÖfvegy³| cÖwZK~j
cÖvšÍ GKB mg‡q ïay †WUv MÖnY A_ev †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡i cwi‡e‡kI †WUvi wbivcËv iÿv nq| Gi ga¨ w`‡q
bv| DÏxc‡Ki cywjk †h wWfvBmwU w`‡q †_‡g †_‡g K_v Av‡jvi MwZ‡Z A_©vr m‡ev©”P MwZ‡Z †WUv UªvÝdvi nq|
ejwQj Zv n‡jv IqvwKUwKi D`vnviY Ges IqvwKUwK - GB `ªæZMwZ Ges wbivcËv •ewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡Y AcwUK¨vj
†Z-nvd Wz‡cø· †gvW e¨eüZ nq| dvBevi K¨vej‡K †bUIqv‡K©i e¨vK‡evb ejv nq|
(N) DÏxc‡Ki ivnv‡Zi †Uwjwfk‡b †Ljv †`Lvi †ÿ‡Î †h (M) DÏxcc‡Ki Abyôvb I wµ‡KU †Ljvq e¨eüZ †WUv
†WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvWwU e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv wmg‡cø· Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi †gvW n‡jv wmg‡cø·| wmg‡cø· n‡jv
†gvW Ges †Ljvi djvdj Zvi eÜy‡K †gvevBj †dv‡bi GKgyLx †WUv UªvÝwgkb c×wZ| A_©vr, †WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii
gva¨‡g †`Iqvi †ÿ‡Î †h †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW e¨eüZ †ÿ‡Î GKw`‡K †WUvi cÖevn‡K wmg‡cø· †gvW e‡j| G
n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv dzj-Wz‡cø· †gvW| wmg‡cø· Ges dyj- c×wZ‡Z GKwU †cÖiK Kw¤úDUvi memgq Ab¨
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 19
Kw¤úDUv‡i †WUv cvVv‡Z cv‡i Ges cÖvcK †WUv MÖnY †Uwj‡dvb, wm‡½j Gm.Gm.Gm BZ¨vw` BDwbKv÷ Ges
Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‧ cÖvcK Kw¤úDUvi KL‡bvB †cÖiK †iwWI, †Uwjwfkb n‡jv eªWKv÷ †gv‡Wi D`vniY|
Kw¤úDUv‡i †WUv cvVv‡Z cv‡i bv| D`vniY¯^iƒc, †iwWI 3. wb‡Pi †Kvb wWfvBmwU‡Z †WUv wdëvwis m¤¢e?
wUwf BZ¨vw`| nve myBP
Abyiƒcfv‡e, DÏxc‡Ki †ÿ‡ÎI GKB NUbv cwijwÿZ| wiwcUvi NIC b
e¨vL¨v: D³ †bUIqvK© wWfvBmMy‡jvi g‡a¨ nve, wiwcUvi I
mvf©vi Kw¤úDUvi †hme Abyôvb I †Ljv m¤úªPvi K‡i Zv
mvnv‡h¨ †WUv wdëvwis Kiv m¤¢e bq| myB‡P †WUv
Rvwid I Rvqvb †`L‡Z cv‡i| wKš‧ †mB mvf©v‡i †Kv‡bv
wdëvwis (cÖK…Z wmMbvj †_‡K b‡qR wmMbvj ev`
cÖKvi †WUv †cÖiY Kivi ÿgZv Rvwid ev Rvqv‡bi †`Iqv) m¤¢e, Z‡e e¨env‡ii w`K w`‡q GKUz RwUj|
c‡q›U j¨vcUc) Gi †bB| 4. weU wmb‡µvbvB‡Rkb n‡”Q
ZvB GK_v ¯úó †h, DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ †gvWwU n‡jv i. weU †cÖi‡Yi mgwš^Z c×wZ
wmg‡cø· †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW| ii. †WUvi we‡Ui web¨vm I mshy³ AwZwi³ weU
(N) DÏxc‡Ki Rvwi‡di †iRvë Z_v wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î B›Uvi‡b‡Ui iii. e¨vÛ DBW‡_i cwigvY e„w× cvIqv
BwZevPK cÖfve c‡o Avi Rvqv‡bi †ÿ‡Î †bwZevPK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
cÖfve c‡o| wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Z_v i, ii i, iii
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui ¸iæZ¡ LyeB †ewk| eZ©gvb hy‡M wewfbœ hy‡M ii, iii i, ii, iii a
e¨vL¨v: wmwiqvj c×wZ‡Z †WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii mgq †cÖiK Ges
wewfbœ AbjvBb jvB‡eªwi †_‡K wkÿv m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ
MÖvnK `ywU wWfvB‡mi eøK e¨envi Ki‡Z nq Ges eø‡Ki
Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv hvq| AbjvB‡b wewfbœ wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b cÖwZ cvj‡m GKwU K‡i weU †cÖiY Ges MÖnY Kiv nq|
cov‡kvbv, cixÿv †`Iqv ev wkÿvg~jK wewfbœ I‡qemvBU G eøK e¨envi K‡i we‡Ui ïiæi I †kl †evSvi Rb¨
n‡Z wkÿv jvf Kiv hvq| Kw¤úDUvi Ges B›Uvi‡bU GKwU we‡kl c×wZ e¨eüZ nq, hv‡K weU
ms‡hvM myweav _vK‡j we‡k^i †h‡Kv‡bv cÖv‡šÍi wkÿv_©x wmb‡µvbvB‡Rkb e‡j|
Zvi wkÿvi Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| B›Uvi‡b‡U 5. Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K©i D‡Ïk¨-
GKRb wkÿv_©x Zvi wkÿv, welqK mKj Z_¨ AZ¨šÍ i. nvW©Iq¨vi wi‡mvm© †kqvi
mn‡RB †c‡Z cv‡i| GQvovI AbjvB‡b wkÿvg~jK I ii. mdUIq¨vi wi‡mvm© †kqvi
¸iZ¡c~Y© wewfbœ eøM Av‡Q hv wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ LyeB iii. G‡Ki AwaK Kw¤úDUv‡ii ms‡hvM mvab
¸iZ¡c~Y©| DÏxc‡Ki Rvwid B›Uvi‡b‡Ui G. BwZevPK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i, ii i, iii
w`K¸‡jv Zvi wkÿv †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Q Ges fv‡jv
ii, iii i, ii, iii d
†iRvë K‡i‡Q| e¨vL¨v: Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvwKs Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q Kw¤úDUvi
Acic‡ÿ, B›Uvi‡b‡Ui wKQz †bwZevPK w`KI i‡q‡Q| I Avbylvw½K hš¿cvwZi m‡ev©Ëg e¨envi wbwð‡Zi
†hgb- mvBevi µvBg †eªBb †WªBb, Akøxj I KziæwPc~Y© gva¨‡g Z_¨ Ges wi‡mvm©mg~n e¨vcK msL¨K
Qwe Gi mnRjf¨Zv, gvÎvwZwi³ Avmw³ BZ¨vw` GKRb e¨enviKvwii Kv‡Q mnRjf¨ Kiv| wi‡mvm© †kqvi ej‡Z
wkÿv_©xi Dci gvivZ¥K ÿwZKi cÖfve †d‡j| Rvqvb hv eySvq Zvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡”Q 1. Bbdi‡gkb
B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î Gme †bwZevPK w`K¸‡jv †kqvi, 2. mdUIq¨vi wi‡mvm© †kqvi Kiv I 3.
Gwo‡q Pj‡Z cv‡iwb| Avi Gme †bwZevPK cÖfv‡ei nvW©Iq¨vi wi‡mvm© †kqvi Kiv
Kvi‡YB Rvqv‡bi †iRvë Lvivc n‡q‡Q|  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 6 I 7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
ûgvq~b Zvi evevi Awd‡m wM‡q †`Lj Zvi evev wb‡Ri
†Uwe‡j e‡m Kw¤úDUvi wcÖ›U KgvÛ w`‡jb, Ges Zvi
Topicwise MCQ †_‡K wKQz `~‡i Aew¯Z AwdmviI GKB mv‡_ wcÖ›U KgvÛ
w`‡q GKB wcÖ›Uvi †_‡K wcÖ›U wb‡jb| ûgvq~‡bi evev
1. †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii nvi †KvbwU?
wb‡Ri Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi K‡i we‡`‡k Ae¯vbiZ GKRb
e¨vÛ wgUvi e¨vÛDB_
Kg©KZ©vi mv‡_ K_v e‡jb|
†WUv UªvÝwgkb †WUv Kv‡bKkb  b
6. DÏxc‡K †bUIqv‡K©i aib n‡”Q-
e¨vL¨v: cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û †h cwigvY †WUv GK ¯vb n‡Z Ab¨
i. LAN
¯v‡b ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq Zv‡K A_©vr †WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii nvi‡K
ii. WAN
e¨vÛDB_ e‡j| e¨vÛDB_ mvaviYZ bps(bit per iii. MAN
second) G wnmve Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b bps Gi cwie‡Z© wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Kbps, Mbps, Gbps G I e¨vÛDB_ wnmve Kiv nq| i, ii i, iii
2. MÖæc SMS n‡jv- ii, iii i, ii, iii a
BDwbKv÷ gvwëKv÷ e¨vL¨v: †QvU Awdm-Av`vjZ, e¨emvq cÖwZôvb wKsev GKwU
eªWKv÷ †UwjKv÷  b feb ev ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯Z K‡qKwU fe‡b ¯vwcZ
e¨vL¨v: wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs, P¨vwUs, MÖæc wfwWI P¨vwUs BZ¨vw` AmsL¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ LAN (Local Areal
gvwëKv÷ †gv‡Wi D`vniY| Ab¨w`‡K d¨v·, †gvevBj, Network) †bUIqvK© M‡o †Zvjv nq|
20  HSC ICT Chapter-2
Ab¨w`‡K GKwU †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj ev c„w_exi wewfbœ e¨vÛDB_ †WUv UªvÝwgkb
†`‡ki wewfbœ ¯v‡b Aew¯Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ M‡o KwgDwb‡Kkb †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW c
†Zvjv †bUIqvK© n‡jv WAN (Wide Area 13. †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi wgwWqvg ev gva¨g wn‡m‡e wb‡Pi
Network)| †KvbwU e¨envi Kiv nq?
ivDUvi g‡Wg
7. DÏxc‡Ki e¨e¯’vq m¤¢e- dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej mvf©vi c
i. ÿz`ª wWfvB‡m AwaK †mev 14. mbps Gi c~ Y© bvg Kx?
ii. MÖvnK‡`i mv‡_ mnR †hvMv‡hvM Megabit per second
iii. ÿz`ª A‡j mxgveÜ Kvh©µg Megabits per section
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Megabits per second
i, ii i, iii Megabits per second d
ii, iii i, ii, iii a 15. e¨vÛDB_ Kx?
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 8 I 9 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: †WUv cÖ ev‡ni gva¨g †WUv cÖev‡ni nvi
GKwU iæ‡g _vKv j¨vcUc¸‡jv GKwU †bUIqv‡K©i †WUv cÖev‡ni w`K †WUv cÖev‡ni c×wZ  b
AvIZvq Avbvi cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv nq| 16. bps Gi c~Y© bvg Kx?
8. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †bUIqvK© n‡e †KvbwU? bit per section bit per security
WPAN WLAN bit per second bit per secondary c
WMAN WWAN b 17. `ªæZ MwZi UªvÝwgkb †KvbwU?
e¨vL¨v: 9bs cÖ‡kœi Z_¨byhvqx DÏxc‡Ki iæ‡gi j¨vcUc¸‡jv wmwiqvj †WUv UªvÝwgkb
IqvBdvB Gi gva¨‡g †bUIqv‡K© hy³ _v‡K| LAN Gi c¨vivjvj †WUv UªvÝwgkb
†ÿ‡Î, Zviwenxb (Wireless) †bUIqvK© ms‡hvM weU †WUv UªvÝwgkb
IqvBdvB -Gi gva¨‡g Kiv nq| G Kvi‡Y D³ A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb b
j¨vcUc¸‡jvi †bUIqvK© n‡e WLAN (Wireless e¨vL¨v: Kw¤úDUv‡ii †fZ‡ii mvwK©‡U †h‡nZz WvUv¸‡jv
LOcal Area Network)| WPAN G †bUIqvK© c¨vivjvj c×wZ‡Z KvR K‡i †mRb¨ c¨vivjvj †WUv
ms‡hvM nq eøy-Uz‡_i gva¨‡g| Ab¨w`‡K WMAN I UªvÝwgk‡b Zvi ¯^vfvweK web¨vm| GKmv‡_ AmsL¨
WWAN nq IqvBg¨v‡·i gva¨‡g| jvB‡b †WUv cvVv‡bv nq e‡j c¨vivjvj †WUv UªvÝwgkb‡K
9. DÏxc‡Ki †bUIqvK©wUi j¨vcUc¸‡jv mshy³- `ªæZMwZi UªvÝwgkb e‡j|
i. K¨v‡e‡ji gva¨‡g 18. wmwiqvj †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi D`vniY †KvbwU?
ii. K¬v‡q›U mvf©v‡ii gva¨‡g wfwWI w÷ªwgs Kx-†evW©
iii. IqvBdvB-Gi gva¨‡g wcÖ›Uvi BDGmwe †cvU© d
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 19. †Kvb †WUv UªvÝwgkb c×wZ‡Z †cÖiK hLb Lywk ZLb
i, ii i, iii †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡i?
ii, iii i, ii, iii c A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb
Kvgvj †iRv mv‡ne XvKvq Aew¯Z Zvi Awd‡mi wewfbœ AvB‡mv‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb
kvLvq Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ K‡qKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii c¨vivjvj UªvÝwgkb  a
g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯vcb Ki‡jb| GLb wZwb †WUvi MwZ e¨vL¨v: A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b †cÖiK hLb Lywk ZLb †WUv
e„w×i Rb¨ KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi gva¨g cwieZ©‡bi wm×všÍ †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡i| MÖvnK mgmg‡qB †mB †WUv MÖnY
wb‡jb| Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯‧Z _v‡K|
10. DÏxc‡Ki †bUIqvK© †KvbwU? 20. weU wmb‡µvbvB‡Rk‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i †Kvb †WUv
PAN LAN UªvÝwgkb c×wZ‡K fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q?
MAN WAN c A¨vwmb‡µvbvm wmwiqvj UªvÝwgkb
e¨vL¨v: GKwU kni ev †QvU AÂj Ry‡o we¯Í…Z GjvKvq wewfbœ c¨vivjvj UªvÝwgkb wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkbb
¯v‡b Aew¯Z A‡bK¸‡jv Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ MAN 21. USB Gi c~Y© bvg Kx?
(Metropolitan Area Network) †bUIqvwK©s e¨e¯vq Univeral Service Bus
ms‡hvM ¯vcb Kiv nq| Kvgvj †iRv †h‡nZz XvKvq Zvi Universal Security Bus
wewebœ Awd‡mi Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †bUIqvK© ms‡hvM Universal Serial Bus
Universal Section Bus c
K‡ib ZvB GwU Aek¨B MAN n‡e|
22. weiwZnxb †WUv UªvÝwgkb c×wZ †KvbwU?
11. Kvgvj †iRv mv‡n‡ei wm×v‡šÍi djvdj Kx n‡e?
c¨vivjvj wmb‡µvbvm
ev¯Íevqb LiP n«vm cv‡e
A¨vwmb‡µvbvm AvB‡mv‡µvbvm b
e¨vÛDB_ e„w× cv‡e
23. A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡bi D`vniY †KvbwU?
†ewk kw³ e¨eüZ n‡e
wmwcBD gwbUi
†ewk kw³ e¨eüZ n‡e  b
gvDm Kx-†evW© d
12. wewfbœ e¨w³ wKsev h‡š¿i g‡a¨ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi
24. Gm Gg Gm †Kvb c×wZ‡Z †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb K‡i?
cÖwµqv‡K Kx e‡j?
nvd-Wz‡cø· wmg‡cø·
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 21
dzj-Wz‡cø· BDwbKv÷  a e¨vL¨v: AcwUK¨vj dvBev‡ii †h As‡ki cÖwZmivsK †ewk
25. GKB mgq GK mv‡_ †WUv MÖnb I †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡i _v‡K Zv‡K †Kvi e‡j| G AskwU g~jZ dvBevi AcwUK
wb‡Pi †Kvb †gvWwU? K¨ve‡ji †K‡›`ª Ae¯vb K‡i|
wmg‡cø· nvd-Wz‡cø· 38. dvBevi AcwUK K¨ve‡ji Kg cÖwZmiv¼wewkó Ask‡K
dzj-Wz‡cø· eªWKv÷  c Kx e‡j?
26. wmg‡cø· †gv‡Wi D`nviY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? K¬¨vW †Kvi
†gvevBj †dvb †iwWI †K¬vb wkì a
†cRvi IqvwKUwK  c 39. AcwUK¨vj dvBevi evuKv Ki‡j jm n‡Z cv‡i e‡j
27. GKB mg‡q Dfqw`‡K †WUv †cÖi‡Yi †gvW‡K Kx e‡j? dvBevi K¨ve‡ji †fZi wK †`Iqv _v‡K?
dyj-Wz‡cø· wmg‡cø· miæ KvMR miæ avZe
nvd-Wz‡cø· BDwbKv÷ c miæ Kv‡Vi UzKiv B‡jKUªb cÖevn  b
28. †gvevBj †dvb †Kvb c×wZ‡Z †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb K‡i? 40. c~Y© Af¨šÍixY cÖwZdj‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †KvbwU?
wmg‡cø· nvd Wz‡cø· UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨vej
dzj-Wz‡cø· eªWKv÷  c †Kv-A¨vw·qvj K¨vej
29. eªWKv÷ †gvW wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡Z cv‡i? dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej
wmg‡cø· nvd Wz‡cø· †Uwj‡dvb K¨vej  c
nvd-Wz‡cø· gvwëKv÷  a 41. wK‡mi Rb¨ Zviwenxb gva¨‡g †Kvb Zv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq
30. GKwU †cÖi‡Ki KvQ †_‡K ïay GKwU MÖvnKB †WUv MÖnY bv?
K‡i †Kvb †gv‡W? B‡jKUªb
wmg‡cø· eªWKv÷ Av‡jv
gvwëKv÷ BDwbKv÷  d †cÖvUb
e¨vL¨v: BDwbKv÷ †gvW wmg‡cø·, Wz‡cø· ev dzj-Wz‡cø· n‡Z B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK Zi½ d
cv‡i| †cRvi, d¨v·, †gvevBj, †Uwj‡dvb, †Ljbv, e¨vL¨v: we`y¨r-Pz¤^Kxq ev B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK Zi‡½i Rb¨
IqvwKUwK, wm‡½j GmGgGm BZ¨vw` BDwbKv÷ †gv‡Wi Zviwenxb gva¨‡g Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv
D`vniY| Zv‡i cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
31. wb‡Pi †KvbwU eªWKv÷ †gv‡Wi D`nviY? 42. KZ wgUvi ci ci †Uwiw÷ªqvj UªvÝwgk‡b wiwcUvi emv‡Z
†gvevBj †Uwj‡dvb nq?
†Ljbv †iwWI d 10-20 20-30
32. ïaygvÎ Aby‡gvw`Z m`m¨iv †WUv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i †Kvb 10-50 40-50 d
†gv‡W? 43. K…wÎg DcMÖ‡ni gva¨‡g wmMb¨vj Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv nq
gvwëKv÷ eªKv÷ †KvbwUi?
BDwbKv÷ wmg‡cø·  a †Uwiw÷ªqvj †iwWI I‡qf
33. `yBwU cwievnx Zvi‡K ci¯úi mylgfv‡e †cuwP‡q †Kvb m¨v‡UjvBU Wi-Fi c
ai‡bi K¨vej •Zwi Kiv nq? 44. VSAT Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx?
†Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej UzB‡÷W K¨vej Very Secure Apeture Terminal
w_K‡bU K¨vej gvwë‡gvW dvBevi  b Very Small Apeture Transformer
34. UTP Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? Very Small Apeture Terminal
Unshielded Twist Pair Very Smart Apeture Terminal  c
Unshielded Twisted Pair 45. e½eÜz - 1 †Kvb ai‡bi m¨v‡UjvBU?
Unshielded Twisted Pairs wRI‡÷kbvwi GjBI
Unshielded Twisted Pair b †Uwiw÷ªqvj wRwcGm a
35. STP Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? e¨vL¨v: GKwU m¨v‡UjvBU f~-c„ô †_‡K 36000wK.wg.
Shielded Twisted Pair EaŸ©Kv‡k ¯vwcZ Kiv n‡j †mwU wRI‡÷kbvwi nq, A_©vr
Shielded Twisted pairs c„w_exi A‡ÿ N~Y©‡bi mgvb MwZ‡Z GB m¨v‡UjvBU
Shielded Twist Pair c„w_ex‡K cwiµgY K‡i|
Shielded Twice Pair  a 46. eøyUz_ G e¨vwß KZ?
36. wWwRUvj Ges GbvjM †WUv †Kvb K¨ve‡ji gva¨‡g †cÖiY 3 †_‡K 10 wgUvi 2 †_‡K 20 wgUvi
Kiv hvq? 1 †_‡K 50 wgUvi 5 †_‡K 15 wgUvi  a
UzB‡÷W †Kv-Gw·qvj 47. eøyUz‡_i wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ KZ?
AcwUK dvBevi †iwWI I‡qf  b 2.65 GHz 2.35 GHz
37. AcwUK¨vj dvBev‡ii me‡P‡q †fZ‡ii Ask †KvbwU? 2.45 GHz 2.25 GHz  c
†Kvi evdvi 48. Bluetooth Øviv •Zwi †bUIqvK© †KvbwU?
R¨v‡KU m‡KU  a LAN DAN
PAN WAN  c
22  HSC ICT Chapter-2
49. Wifi Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? e¨vL¨v: •`bw›`b Rxe‡b Avgiv †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© ev
Wire Fidelity Wireless Fiedelity c LAN-B †ewk e¨envi K‡i _vwK| †hgb- †QvU Awdm,
Wireless Fidelity World Wide fiesdelit Av`vjZ, e¨emv cÖwZôv‡b GB cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kiv nq|
e¨vL¨v: Wi-fi n‡”Q LAN wfwËK Iq¨vi‡jm e¨e¯v| G 63. LAN Gi mvaviYZ †Kvb †Kvb U‡cvjwR e¨eüZ nq?
e¨e¯vq enb‡hvM¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii hš¿cvwZi mv‡_ mn‡R ÷vi, evm, wUª, wis †gm,evm, wUª
B›Uvi‡bU hy³ Kiv hvq| wUª, wis, evm, †gm ïaygvÎ evm  a
50. Wifi Gi Kvfv‡iR Gwiqv KZ? 64. PAN Gi cwiwa m‡e©v”P KZ wgUvi?
10-20 wgUvi 20-30 wgUvi 100 wgUvi 10 wgUvi
30-220 wgUvi 50-200 wgUvi  d 7 wgUvi 5 wgUvi  b
51. WiMax KZ MwZ‡Z †WUv UªvÝdvi Ki‡Z mÿg? 65. PAN Gi c~Y©iƒc© Kx?
80 mbps -90 mbps Personal Area Network
20 mbps -80 mbps Local Area Network
80 mbps -2.20 Gbps Wide Area Network
80 mbps -1 Gbps  d Campus Area Network a
e¨vL¨v: WiMax mvaviYZ 2 †_‡K 66 GHz wd«‡Kv‡qw݇Z 66. CAN Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx?
KvR K‡i Ges 80 mbps †_‡K 1 Gbps ch©šÍ MwZ‡Z Personal Area Network
†WUv UªvÝwgUvi †iU cÖ`v‡b mÿg| Campus Area Network
52. WiMax G †Kvb ai‡bi †WUv UªvÝwgkb e¨envi Kiv Metropolitan Area Network
nq? Wide Area Network  b
wmg‡cø· nvd Wz‡cø· 67. me‡P‡q eo WAN-
dzj-Wz‡cø· gvwë‡cø· c ivDUvi UzB‡÷W K¨vej
53. Bluetooth Gi Standard KZ? †cqvi K¨vej B›Uvi‡bU  d
802.15 802.25 68. c„ _ K mvf© vi Kw¤úDUvi e¨ZxZ GKvwaK Kw¤úDUv‡ii
802.11 802.16 a g‡a¨ †Kvb †bUIqvK© MwVZ nq?
54. WiFi Gi Standard KZ? wcqvi-Uz-wcqvi K¬v‡q›U mvf©vi
802.25 802.21 †m›UªvjvBRW nvBweªW  a
802.45 802.99 d 69. nvBweªW †bUIqvK© Kx‡mi mgš^‡q MwVZ?
55. WiMax Gi Standard KZ? wcqvi-Uz-wcqvi I K¬v‡q›U mvf©vi †bUIqvK©
802.15 802.11 wWw÷ªweD‡UW I †m›UªvjvBRW †bUIqvK©
802.16 802.26 c LAN I MAN
56. †Kvb cÖR‡b¥i †gvevBj †dv‡b HSPA, WCDMA K¬v‡q›U mvf©vi I †m›UªvjvBRW †bUIqvK©  a
÷¨vÛvW© Pvjy nq? 70. cvewjK †bUIqv‡K©i D`vniY-
wØZxq cÖRb¥ Z…Zxq cÖRb¥ WAN PAN
PZz_© cÖRb¥ cÂg cÖRb¥  b CAN MAN a
57. †Kvb cÖR‡b¥ wfwWIKj, B›Uvi‡bU BZ¨vw` Pvjy nq? e¨vL¨v: †h †bUIqv‡K© e¨enviKvixi msL¨v wbqwš¿Z bq Ges
4_© 2q †h‡Kv‡bv mgq Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K© mshy³ n‡Z cv‡i,
3q 1g c Zv‡K cvewjK †bUIqvK© e‡j| †hgb –WAN B›Uvi‡bU
58. 4G cÖhyw³ †Kvb ÷¨vÛvW© KvR K‡i? BZ¨vw`|
TAC GSM 71. GKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii †bUIqvwK©s
LTE MIMO c Kivi Rb¨ Kx e¨eüZ nq?
59. 4K wfwWI †KvbwU? myBP nve
400  200 wc‡·j 400  2000 ivDUvi g‡Wg b
4000  1000 wc‡·j 4000  2000 wc‡·jd 72. eZ©gv‡b nv‡ei cwie‡Z© Kx e¨eüZ nq?
60. Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvwK©s‡qi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv- myBP g‡Wg
e¨vÛDB_ †kqvi Kiv ivDUvi †cqvi K¨vej a
wi‡mvm© †kqvi Kiv 73. †KvbwUi †fZ‡i †Kv‡bv eyw×gËv †bB?
wmMb¨vj R¨vg †iva Kiv myBP nve
†bUIqvK© †kqvi Kiv  b Al ivDUvi b
61. A‡bK¸‡jv LAN Gi mgš^‡q Kx MwVZ nq? e¨vL¨v: nv‡ei †fZ‡i †Kv‡bv eyw×gËv †bB| GwU wewfbœ
PAN MAN wWfvB‡mi †bUIqvwK©s †cvU©¸‡jvi †fZi GK ai‡bi
CAN WAN  c cvwievwiK †hvMv‡hvM Qvov Avi wKQzB bq|
62. †QvU Awdm-Av`vjZ, e¨emv-cÖwZôv‡b AmsL¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii 74. GKwU myBP w`‡q KqwU LAN •Zwi Kiv hvq?
g‡a¨ †Kvb †bUIqvK© M‡o †Zvjv nq? 2wU 1wU
LAN PAN 3wU 4wU  b
MAN WAN a
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 23
75. `ye©j ms‡KZ‡K A¨vgwcødvB K‡i †KvbwU? 87. wUª U‡cvjwR‡K †Kvb U‡cvjwR ejv nq?
g‡Wg nve evm wis
myBP ivDUvi  c nvqviviwKK¨vj †gk c
76. †Kvb wWfvBm †WUv wdëvwis Ki‡Z cv‡i? 88. wUª U‡cvjwR‡Z †h Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Avi †Kv‡bv
nve myBP Kw¤úDUvi hy³ nq bv Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
ivDUvi g‡Wg c GK cÖvšÍxq Kw¤úDUvi †gk U‡cvjwR
77. WAN Gi mv‡_ GKwU LAN hy³ Ki‡Z †Kvb wWfvBm evm U‡cvjwR wis U‡cvjwR  a
e¨envi nq? 89. †Kvb U‡cvjwR‡Z †K›`ªxq mvf©vi `iKvi c‡o bv?
g‡Wg nve evm wUª
myBP ivDUvi  d †gk wis  c
78. †bUIqvK© wPwýZ Ki‡Z †MUI‡q wb‡Pi †KvbwU e¨envi 90. †Kvb U‡cvjwR AšÍtms‡hvM U‡cvjwR bv‡g cwiwPZ?
K‡i? †gk evm
NAT PAN wUª wis  a
PAT SAT  c e¨vL¨v: †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z †K›`ªxq mvf©vi ev wWfvB‡mi `iKvi
e¨vL¨v: PAT = Protocol Address Transmission. c‡o bv| GB †bUIqvK©fy³ Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨
79. †bUIqv‡K© Kq ai‡bi U‡cvjwR e¨eüZ nq? cvi¯úwiK ms‡hvM‡K c‡q›U Uz c‡q›U wjsK ejv nq|
5 6 91. me‡P‡q e¨qeûj U‡cvjwR †KvbwU?
4 7 a wis wUª
80. cÖavb ms‡hvM jvB‡bi `yÕcÖv‡šÍ `ywU Uvwg©‡bUi _v‡K †Kvb nvBweªW †gk d
U‡cvjwR‡Z? e¨vL¨v: cÖPzi cwigv‡Y Zv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq e‡j †gk U‡cvjwR
evm ÷vi AZ¨šÍ e¨qeûj|
wis †gk a 92. cÖwZiÿv ev e¨vswKs †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ nq †Kvb U‡cvjwR?
e¨vL¨v: †h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU ms‡hvM jvB‡bi mv‡_ me evm †gk
ai‡bi †bvW (Kw¤úDUvi I Ab¨vb¨ hš¿cvwZ ev wWfvBm) wis wUª b
hy³ _v‡K ZvB evm U‡cvjwR| 93. †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z †gvU Zv‡ii msL¨v?
81. †Kvb U‡cvjwR‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv mgq bZzb Kw¤úDUvi hy³ n( n – 1)
Kiv hvq? (n – 1)
2
wis evm (a – 2) n(a – 1)  b
wUª ÷vi  b 94. †Kvb U‡cvjwRi Dci wfwË K‡i B›Uvi‡bU •Zwi Kiv
82. †Kvb †bUIqv‡K©i †kl I ïiæ Kw¤úDUvi ci¯ú‡ii n‡q‡Q?
mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K? nvBweªW evm
evm wis wis ÷vi  a
÷vi †gk b
95. †Kvb U‡cvjwR‡Z cÖvq me ai‡bi †bUIqvK© mshy³
83. †Kvb U‡cvjwR‡Z 1wU Kw¤úDUvi bó n‡j m¤ú~Y©
_v‡K?
†bUIqvK© APj n‡q hvq? evm nvBweªW
wis evm †gk ÷vi  b
÷vi †gk a
96. Amazon, Microsoft G¸‡jv †Kvb K¬vD‡Wi AšÍf©y³?
e¨vL¨v: †h U‡cvjwR‡Z †bvW¸‡jv (Kw¤úDUvi I Ab¨vb¨
cÖvB‡fU cvewjK
hš¿cvwZ ev wWfvBm) e„ËvKvi c‡_ ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_
nvBweªW ÷vi  b
mshy³ n‡q †bUIqvK© MVb K‡i ZvB wis U‡cvjwR|
97. eZ©gv‡b Z_¨cÖhyw³ †Kvb Kw¤úDwUs Gi Dci wfwË K‡i
84. ÷vi U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kvb K¨vej e¨env‡ii AvwaK¨
Pj‡Q?
cwijwÿZ nq?
†Uwj‡dvb UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¬vDW mvb
A¨vw·qvj †Kv-A¨vw·qvj  b
÷i gyb  a
85. ÷¨vi U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨wUi e¨vL¨v: Avay wbK Z_¨ cÖ h w
y ³MZ mewKQz B Pj‡Q GB K¬ v DW
ms‡hvM Kiv nq †Kvb wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g? Kw¤úDwUs aviYvi Dci wfwË K‡i| K¬vDW kãwU iƒcK
myBP ev nve ivDUvi A‡_© e¨eüZ nq|
g‡Wg †cqvi K¨vej  a 98. UªvÝwgUvi wn‡m‡e e¨envi nq-
86. †Kvb U‡cvjwR m¤úªmvwiZ n‡q wUª U‡cvjwR‡Z iƒcvšÍi i. g‡Wg
K‡i? ii. gvB‡µv‡dvb
evm wis iii. ivDUvi
†gk ÷vi d wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
e¨vL¨v: †h U‡cvjwR‡Z Kw¤úDUvi ev wewfbœ ai‡bi i, ii i, iii
B‡jKUªwbK wWfvBm †hgb-wcÖ›Uvi, mivmwi GKwU nve ev ii, iii i, ii, iii b
myB‡Pi gva¨‡g ci¯úi hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K ÷vi U‡cvjwR
e‡j|
24  HSC ICT Chapter-2
99. wmwiqvj UªvÝwgkb n‡jv- 106. 4G cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM n‡jv-
i. A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb i. w_ªwW wUwf
ii. wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb ii. †gvevBj I‡qe A¨vK‡mm
iii. AvB‡mv‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb iii. wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i, ii i, iii i, ii i, iii
ii, iii i, ii, iii d ii, iii i, ii, iii d
100. wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e¨eüZ nq- 107. mvf©vi Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ hy³ Ab¨ Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv‡K
i. †gvevBj †dvb †bUIqv‡K© ejv nq-
ii. B›Uvi‡bU †bUIqv‡K© i. K¬v‡q›U
iii. wUwf †bUIqv‡K© ii. IqvK©‡÷kb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. wcÖ›Uvi
i, ii i, iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii, iii i, ii, iii b i, ii i, iii
101. AvB‡mv‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡bi e¨envi- ii, iii i, ii, iii d
108. MAN Gi †bUIqvK© wWfvBm-
i. gvwëwgwWqv KwgDwb‡Kkb
i. myBP
ii. AwWI Kj
ii. nve
iii. wfwWI Kj
iii. ivDUvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i, ii i, iii
i, ii i, ii,iii
ii, iii i, ii, iii d
ii, iii i, iii b
102. wmg‡cø· †gv‡Wi D`vniY n‡jv- 109. cÖvB‡fU †bUIqv‡K©i D`nviY-
i. Kx-†evW© i. MAN
ii. gvDm ii. LAN
iii. IqvwKUwK iii. PAN
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i, ii i, iii i, iii i, iii
ii, iii i, ii, iii a ii, iii i, ii, iii c
e¨vL¨v: wmg‡cø· c×wZ‡Z ïay GKw`‡K †WUv cvVv‡bv m¤¢e e¨vL¨v: †h †bUIqv‡K© e¨enviKvixi msL¨v wbqwš¿Z Ges
nq| †cÖiK †WUv †cÖiY K‡i Ges MÖvnK ïay †WUv MÖnY †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi‡K †bUIqv‡K© hy³ Ki‡Z KZ…©c‡ÿi
K‡i| AbygwZi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv‡K cÖvB‡fU †bUIqvK© e‡j|
103. nvd Wz‡cø· †gv‡W P‡j- †hgb- PAN, LAN ev CAN G ai‡bi †bUIqvK©|
i. IqvwKUwK 110. †MUI‡qi •ewkó¨-
ii. d¨v· i. †WUv wdëvwis m¤¢e
iii. †Uwj‡dvb ii. cÖ‡UvKj KbfvU©vi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. ivDUvi A‡cÿv `ªæZMwZ m¤úbœ
i, ii i, iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii, iii i, ii, iii a
i, ii i, iii
ii, iii i, ii, iii d
e¨vL¨v: †h e¨e¯vcbvq `ywU wWevB‡mi g‡a¨ Df‡qi w`‡KB
111. evm U‡cvjwRi Amyweav-
†WUv cÖevn Kiv nq ZvB nvd Wz‡cø· †gvW| G‡Z †WUv
i. A‡cÿvK…Z axiMwZ m¤úbœ
GK cÖvšÍ n‡Z Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ †c․uQv‡bvi ci wecixZ cÖv‡šÍi
ii. †WUv msNl© nIqvi Avk¼v
†WUv ïiæi w`‡Ki cÖv‡šÍi cÖevwnZ K‡i| iii. MwZ n«vm cvq
104. gva¨gwenxb Zi½ •`N©¨ n‡jv-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. dvBevi AcwUK i, ii i, iii
ii. we`y¨r Pz¤^Kxq ii, iii i, ii, iii d
iii. B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK 112. wis U‡cvjwRi myweav-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. `ªæZMwZ‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb
i, ii i, iii ii. msNl© Kg nq
ii, iii i, ii, iii c iii. Zv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb Kg nq|
105. eøyUz_ †bUIqvKwUi •ewkó¨ n‡jv- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. GwU j¨vb †bUIqvK© i, ii i, iii
ii. GwU c¨vb †bUIqvK© ii, iii i, ii, iii d
iii. GwUi e¨vwß 3 10 wgUvi n‡q _v‡K e¨vL¨v: wis U‡cvjwR‡Z †nv÷ Kw¤úDUvi ev †K›`ªxq mvf©v‡ii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? `iKvi nq bv| ms‡KZ cÖevn GKgyLx nIqvq †WUv
i, ii ii, iii Kwgkb ev msNl© nq bv| Zv‡ii cwigvY Kg cÖ‡qvRb
i, iii i, ii, iii b nq, ZvB ev¯Íevqb LiP Kg|
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 25
113. †gk U‡cvjwRi Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi cvi¯úwiK ms‡hvM‡K 122. †KvbwU gvwëKv÷ ? [XvKv wmwU K‡jR, XvKv]
e‡j- †cRvi E-mail
i. c‡q›U-Uy-c‡q›U wjsK †iwWI †Uwjwfkb b
ii. †cwi‡divj wjsK 123. †gvevBj †dv‡b wb‡Pi †Kvb †WUv UªvÝwgkb w¯úW
iii. wcqvi Uz wcqvi wjsK e¨eüZ nq? [miKvwi AvwRRyj nK K‡jR,e¸ov]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? b¨v‡iv e¨vÛ f‡qm e¨vÛ
i, ii i, iii eªW e¨vÛ Gd Gg e¨vÛ c
ii, iii i, ii, iii b 124. wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b eø‡Ki ïiæ‡Z †nWviwU KZ evBU
114. nvBweªW U‡cvjwRi myweav- RvqMv †bq? [Avg©W cywjk e¨vUvwjqb cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR,
i. KbwdMv‡ikb mnR e¸ov]
ii. Uªvej ïwUs mnR
1 evBU 2 evBU
iii. nve hy³ K‡i †bUIqvK© m¤úªmviY Kiv hvq|
3 evBU 4 evBU b
125. †KvbwU gvwëKv÷ †gv‡W †WUv UªvÝwgU K‡i?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [wfKviæbwbmv b~b ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv]
i, ii ii, iii †cRvi B-†gBj
i, iii i, ii, iii b †iwWI †Uwj‡dvb d
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 115 I 119 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi e¨vL¨v: gvwëKv÷ n‡jv †bUIqvK©fz³ Ggb GKwU †WUv
`vI: UªvÝwgkb c×wZ, †hLv‡b †cÖiK †bvW n‡Z †WUv UªvÝwgU
Avgv‡`i eûj e¨eüZ †dmeyK g¨v‡mÄv‡i hLb Lywk n‡j Zv MÖæcfz³ Aby‡gvw`Z †bvWmg~nB MÖnY Ki‡Z
ZLb †WUv †cÖiY I MÖnY Kiv hvq| GKevi †WUv cvwV‡q cvi‡e?
Zvi cieZ©x mg‡q Av‡iKevi †WUv cvVv‡bvi gvSLv‡b 126. Wi-fi Kx? [ewikvj miKvwi gwnjv K‡jR]
hZÿY B”Qv ZZÿY mgq †bIqv hvq| Guided Medium Unguided Medium
115. DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ †WUv UªvÝwgkb c×wZ †KvbwU? WAN Half Duplex d
c¨vivjvj A¨vwmb‡µvbvm 127. †Kvb †gv‡W GKB mg‡q Dfq w`‡K †WUv cÖevwnZ nq?
wmb‡µvbvm AvB‡mv‡µvbvm c [XvKv K‡jR, XvKv]
116. D³ c×wZi •ewkó¨ n‡jv- wmg‡cø · nvd-Wz ‡ cø ·
i. A‡cÿvK…Z RwUj dzj-gvwë‡cø· gvwë‡cø· a
ii. wi‡qj UvBg A¨vwcø‡Kkb 128. Uz B ‡÷W †cqvi K¨ve‡j KZ †Rvov Zvi _v‡K?
[miKvwi AvwRRyj nK K‡jR, e¸ov]
iii. AvBWj wm‡Kv‡qÝ 4 6
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 8 16 a
i, ii i, iii 129. †Kvb K¨vej m‡ev©”P WvUv UªvÝwgkb e¨vÛDB_ mieivn
ii, iii i, ii, iii b
K‡i? [iscyi K¨v‡WU K‡jR, iscyi]
117. hvi ga¨ w`‡q †WUv GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b hvq Zv‡K UTP STP
Kx e‡j? [XvKv K‡jR, XvKv]
†Kv-A¨vw·qvj K¨vej AcwUK¨vj dvBevi d
†cÖiK cÖvcK e¨vL¨v: AcwUK¨vj dvBev‡i †WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii ci 100mbps
gva¨g MšÍe¨  c †_‡K 2gbps.
e¨vL¨v: †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb Gi Dcv`vb 5wU| 130. Transponder Gi KvR †KvbwU?
(i) Drm (ii) †cÖiK (iii) gva¨g (iv) cÖvcK (v) MšÍe¨ mej wmMb¨vj‡K `ye©j Kiv
118. IP Address cÖKvk Ki‡Z KZ KZ weU cÖ‡qvRb? `ye©j wmMb¨vj‡K mej Kiv
[exi‡kÖô b~i †gvnv¤§` cvewjK K‡jR, XvKv]
wWwRUvj wmMb¨vj‡K GbvjM Kiv
8 16
GbvjM wmMb¨vj‡K wWwRUvj Kiv  b
32 64 c
131. WAN g~jZ GKwU- [knx` •mq` bRiæj Bmjvg K‡jR, gqgbwmsn]
119. GKwU P¨v‡bj w`‡q 4 †m‡K‡Û 8000 weU ¯’vbvšÍwiZ
wek^e¨vcx †bUIqvK© aviYv
n‡j Zvi e¨vÛDB_ KZ? [bUi †Wg K‡jR, XvKv]
kni †Kw›`ªK †bUIqvK© aviYv
32000 bps 2000 bps
Bus Topology
4000 bps 16000 bps  b
Ring Topology  a
120. †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb Kx? 132. LAN Gi Data ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii nvi-
`ywU wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ Z‡_¨i wewbgq [knx` •mq` bRiæj Bmjvg K‡jR, gqgbwmsn]
gva¨gwenxb, Z‡_¨i cÖevn 1MBPS-100MBPS 10MBPS-100MBPS
ïaygvÎ Zvihy³ Z‡_¨i cÖevn 56KBPS-1MBPS 1KBPS-100KBPSc
ïaygvÎ Kw¤úDUvi wbf©i †hvM¨‡hvM a 133. Kw¤úDUvi‡K †bUIqvK© hy ³ Kivi Rb¨ †h KvW© e¨eüZ
121. A¨vbvjM wWfvB‡mi †ÿ‡Î e¨vÛDB_ cwigv‡ci GKK nq Zv‡K e‡j-[AvBwWqvj ¯‹zj A¨vÛ K‡jR, gwZwSj,
Kx? [e¸ov K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, e¸ov] XvKv]
Hertz cycle per second Modem NIC
Router Hub b
Hz Dc‡ii me¸‡jv b
26  HSC ICT Chapter-2
134. GKwU †bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_ Ab¨ †bUIqv‡K©i mshy³ K‡i 147. †Kvb cÖR‡b¥i †gvevBj †dv‡b Avëªv eªW e¨vÛ MwZi
†KvbwU? [AvBwWqvj ¯‹zj A¨vÛ K‡jR,gwZwSj, XvKv] B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Kiv nq?
nve myBP 1g 2q
ivDUvi †MUI‡q d 3q 4_© d
135. †bUIqvwK©s-Gi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb wWfvBmwU me‡P‡q †ewk 148. †Uwjwfk‡bi wi‡gvU K‡›Uªv‡j e¨eüZ nq-
myweav †`q? [miKvwi mvi`v my›`ix gwnjv K‡jR, dwi`cyi] Infrared Radio wave
nve ivDUvi Microwave Blutooth a
†MUI‡q myBP b 149. CEO m¨v‡UjvBU f~wg †_‡K KZ D”PZvq wbw`©ó
136. 8wU †bvWhy³ Mesh U‡cvjwR‡Z mshy³ Zv‡ii msL¨v Kÿc‡_ ivL‡Z nq?
n‡e- [gvBj‡÷vb K‡jR, XvKv] 12000 km 22000 km
16wU 28wU 27000 km 36000 km  d
40wU 52wU  a 150. cÖ ‡UvKj Uª v݇jk‡b my weav †`q †Kvb †bUIqvK© wWfvBm?
137. me‡P‡q Kg `~i‡Z¡ c_ e¨envi K‡i †KvbwU? NIC weªR
[AvBwWqvj ¯‹zj A¨vÛ K‡jR, gwZwSj, XvKv] wiwcUvi †MUI‡q  d
nve myBP 151. IEEE 802.11 cÖhyw³i mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb †bUIqvK©wU •Zwi
ivDUvi †MUI‡q a Kiv hv‡e?
138. †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii msL¨v 6 n‡j †gvU PAN LAN
K¨ve‡ji msL¨v n‡e- [gvBj‡÷vb K‡jR, XvKv] CAN WAN b
14 13 152. b¨v‡iv e¨v‡Ûi m‡ev©”P MwZ KZ?
15 12 c 300 bps 6900 pbs
139. †Kvb Topology †Z Data GKw`‡K Transmit nq? 9600 bps 1mbps  a
[ivRDK DËiv g‡Wj K‡jR,XvKv] 153. †mjyjvi †dv‡b †Kvb U‡cvjwR e¨eüZ nq?
Bus Ring †gk wis
Mesh Star b ÷vi nvBweªW c
140. K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs-Gi myweav †KvbwU? 154. †Kvb U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU †K›`ªxq Kw¤úDUvi _v‡K?
[†m›U †hv‡md D”P gva¨wgK we`¨vjq, XvKv]
Acv‡iwUs LiP †ewk ÷vi wis
nvW©Iq¨vi cÖ‡qvRb nq evm †gk a
A¨vwcø‡Kk‡bi Dci wbqš¿Y ivLv hvq e¨vL¨v: ÷vi U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU †K›`ªxq Kw¤úDUvi _v‡K| wis
me©ÿY e¨envi Kiv hvh d U‡cjvwR‡Z cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUvi Zvi cvk^©eZ©x Kw¤úDUv‡ii
e¨vL¨v: K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs mvaviYZ Kw¤úDwUs kw³ AbjvBb mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K| evm U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU e¨vK‡evb
cwi‡mev, †WUv A¨v‡·m Ges †WUv †¯úm cÖ`vb K‡i| K¨vej _v‡K| †gk U‡cvjwR‡Z cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUvi cÖwZwU
mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs GKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K|
mgwš^Z cÖqvm| K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi myweav¸‡jv me©ÿY 155. †KvbwU eøy-Uz_ ÷¨vÛvW©?
e¨envi Kiv hvq| 802.11 802.11b
141. WiMax Gi ÷¨vÛvW© KZ? 802.15 802.16 c
802.11 GHz 802.11a GHz 156. GKB mv‡_ Dfq cÖvšÍ w`‡q †WUv ¯’vbvšÍi c×wZ‡K Kx
802.15 GHz 802.16 GHz d e‡j?
142. Zvi¸‡jv †cuPv‡bv I †Rvov _v‡K e‡j G Zvi‡K ejv nq- wmg‡cø· nvc Wz‡cø·
†Uwj‡dvb K¨vej †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej dzj Wz‡cø· gvwëKv÷  c
UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨vej dvBevi AcwUK K¨vei c 157. †Kvb wWfvB‡mi mvnv‡h¨ †cÖiK Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K
143. †Kvb cÖR‡b¥i †gvevB‡j me©cÖ_g MMS mvwf©m Pvjy wmMb¨vj wbw`©ó cÖvcK Kw¤úDUv‡iB †cÖiY Kiv hvq?
nq? nve myBP
cÖ_g wØZxq wiwcUvi weªR b
Z…Zxq PZz_© b e¨vL¨v: myBP GKwU eû †cvU©wewkó †bUIqvK© wWfvBm hvi
144. MÖxb †dvb ejv nq †Kvb cÖhyw³i †gvevBj †dvb‡K? gva¨‡g †bUIqv‡K©i g‡a¨ mvf©vi, IqvK©‡÷kb Ges
FDMA TDMA wewfbœ †cwi‡divj wWfvBmg~n mshy³ _v‡K|
CDMA PDMA c 158. Wi-Max †Kvb ai‡bi †bUIqv‡K© e¨eüZ nq?
145. gvB‡µvI‡qf cÖhyw³i Amyweav `~i Ki‡Z †Kvb cÖhyw³ PAN LAN
Avek¨K? MAN WAN c
Bbd«v‡iW wRwcGm 159. g‡W‡gi A¨vbvjM ms‡KZ‡K wWwRUvj ms‡K‡Z cwiYZ
†iwWI I‡qf K…wÎg DcMÖn d Kivi, KvR‡K Kx e‡j?
146. †WUv UªvÝwgkb wW‡j me©wb¤œ nq- gWz‡jkb wWgWz‡jkb
A¨vwmb‡µvbvm AvB‡mv‡µvbvm eªWKv÷ nvd Wz‡cø·  b
eªWKv÷ BDwbKv÷  b
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 27
160. Kw¤úDUvi I gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±‡ii g‡a¨ †WUv mÂvjb 170. GKB fe‡bi wewfbœ K‡ÿ iwÿZ Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨
†gvW †KvbwU? †bUIqvK© e¨e¯’v‡K Kx e‡j?
wmg‡cø· nvd Wz‡cø· PAN LAN
dzj-Wz‡cø· gvwëKv÷  a MAN WAN b
161. bps Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? 171. UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨vej Gi mvaviY is †KvbwU?
bit per second byte per second Kgjv ev`vwg
binary per second bit per second a Kv‡jv mv`v  d
e¨vL¨v: cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û †h cwigvY weU UªvÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K e¨vL¨v: UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨ve‡j mvaviYZ 4 †Rvov Zvi
bps e‡j| G‡K Band Speeds ejv nq| GKmv‡_ _v‡K Ges cÖwZ †Rvov GKwU Kgb i‡Oi (mv`v)
162. †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii nvi‡K e‡j- nq Ges evwK Zvi¸‡jv nq wfbœ i‡Oi| cÖwZ‡Rvov Zvi
e¨vÛ wgUvi †WUv UªvÝwgkb `ywUi GK GKwUi ¸iæZ¡ nq 0.4 mm †_‡K 0.9 mm|
e¨vÛDB_ †WUv Kv‡jKkb  c 172. f‡qm e¨vÛ Gi m‡ev©”P MwZ KZ?
163. †KvbwUi gva¨‡g GKB mg‡q †WUv `yw`‡K †h‡Z cv‡i? 6900 bps 6900 kbps
Simplex Half duplex 9600 bps 9600 kbps  c
Broad Cast Full duplex  d 173. nU¯úU Kx?
e¨vL¨v: dzj Wz‡cø· G Pvi †Rvov UzB‡÷W K¨vej e¨envi Kiv we‡kl wbivcËv e¨e¯v
nq, hvi `yB †Rvov †WUv MÖnY Ges `yB †Rvov †WUv Zvihy³ B›Uvi‡bU e¨e¯v
cvVv‡bvi Kv‡R e¨eüZ nq| Zviwenxb B›Uvi‡bU e¨e¯v
164. GPRS Gi c~Y©iƒc- we‡kl ai‡bi mdUIq¨vi  c
General Packet Radio Service e¨vL¨v: IqvBdvB nU¯úU n‡jv G·‡mej Iq¨vi‡jm †bUIqv‡K©i
Global Packet Radio Service mv‡cvU© mg„× †Kv‡bv GKwU GjvKv, j¨vcUc ev †W¯‥Uc‡K
Global Package Radio Service IqvB-dvB nU¯úU Lye mn‡RB evbv‡bv hvq|
General Package Radio Service  a 174. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z b¨v‡iv e¨vÛ e¨eüZ nq?
e¨vL¨v: GPRS n‡jv GKwU c¨v‡KU Iwi‡q‡›UW †gvevBj †WUv †Uwj‡dvb †UwjMÖvd
mvwf©m hv mvaviYZ 2G †mjyjvi †gvevBj Kgy¨wb‡Kkb m¨v‡UjvBU †dvb IqvwKUwK  b
wm‡÷‡gi e¨enviKvix‡`i Rb¨ cvIqv hvq| 175. iwng evmvq †bUIqvK© ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ †`vKvb †_‡K
165. d‡UvwW‡U±‡ii KvR Kx? RJ45 Kv‡b±i 1wU myBP wK‡b Av‡b| iwn‡gi evmvi
A¨vbvjM wmMb¨vj‡K wWwRUvj wmMb¨v‡j iƒcvšÍwiZ †bUIqvK© †Kvb U‡cvjwRi n‡e?
Kiv ÷vi evm
wWwRUvj wmMb¨vj‡K A¨vbvjM wmMb¨v‡j iƒcvšÍwiZ wis †gk a
Kiv e¨vL¨v: †h U‡cvjwR GKwU †K›`ªxq wbqZš¿YKvix Kw¤úDUvi ev
we`y¨r kw³‡K Av‡jvK kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv †nv÷ Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ Kw¤úDUvi mshy³ K‡i
Av‡jvK kw³‡K we`y¨r kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv  a †bUIqvK© M‡o †Zv‡j Zv‡K ÷vi U‡cvjwR e‡j|
166. †KvbwU PzZ_© cÖR‡b¥i †gvevBj †dv‡bi cÖavb •ewkó¨? 176. ÷i U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kvb wWfvBmwU e¨eüZ nq?
AvBwc wbf©i Iqvi‡jm †bUIqvK© nve g‡Wg
wek^e¨vcx †ivwgs myweav ivDUvi wiwcUvi  a
†dv‡bi gva¨‡g B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM e¨vL¨v: nve n‡jv †bUIqv‡K©i wWfvBmmg~‡ni Rb¨ GKwU
†mwgKÛv±i I gvB‡µv cÖ‡mmi cÖhyw³  a mvaviY Kv‡bKkb c‡q›U| j¨v‡bi †mM‡g›U¸‡jv Kv‡b±
167. A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡bi myweav n‡jv- Kivi Rb¨ mvaviYf‡e nve e¨eüZ nq|
cÖvBgvwi †÷v‡iR wWfvB‡mi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv 177. †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi MwZ‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
WvUv UªvÝwgk‡bi MwZ †ewk 2 3
eøK AvKv‡i WvUv †cªwiZ nq 4 5 b
m¨v‡UjvB‡U e¨envi AwaK Dc‡hvMx  a e¨vL¨v: KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi MwZ‡K 3 fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
168. eªWKv÷ †gv‡Wi D`vniY n‡jv- h_v-1. b¨v‡ive¨vÛ, 2. f‡qme¨vÛ, 3. eªWe¨vÛ|
wUwf m¤úªPvi †Uwj‡dvb K‡_vcK_b 178. †Uwj‡dv‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ K¨vej †KvbwU?
wWI Kbdv‡iwÝs SMS †cÖiY a mvaviY †Kv-Gw·qvj
169. mvkÖqxfv‡e cvnvwo GjvKvq Kvh©Kix †bUIqvK© ¯’vc‡bi UzB‡÷W †cqvi dvBevi AcwUK c
Rb¨ †Kvb gva¨gwU myweavRbK- 179. †gvevB‡ji †Kvb cÖRb¥ n‡Z B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi ïiæ nq?
AcwUK¨vj dvBevi †iwWI I‡qf 1g 2q
IqvBdvB IqvBg¨v· d 3q 4_©  b
e¨vL¨v: WiMAX Gi c~Y© A_© n‡jv Worldwide 180. K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi mydj †KvbwU?
Interoperability for Microwave Access GwU mvkÖqx I mnRjf¨
cÖPwjZ DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) cÖhyw³| B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM jv‡M bv
Gwcø‡Kk‡bi Dci wbqš¿Y ivLv hvq
Z‡_¨i †MvcbxqZv eRvq _v‡K a
28  HSC ICT Chapter-2
181. GKwU †K›`ªxq nve Øviv U‡cvjwR mshy³ _v‡K? 189. DÏxc‡Ki AvKvkgyLx e¨e¯’v e¨envi Kiv nq-
BUS MESH i. †Uwjwfk‡bi wmMb¨vj cvVv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î
RING STAR d ii. AvenvIqvi me©‡kl Ae¯v ch©‡eÿ‡Y
182. †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨ve‡ji †WUv †cÖi‡Yi mvaviY nvi KZ? iii. AvšÍtgnv‡`kxq †Uwj‡dvb K‡ji †ÿ‡Î
100 Mbps 200Mbps wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
2 Gbps 40 Gbps  b i, ii i, iii
183. wb‡Pi †Kvb wWfvBmwU‡Z †WUv wdëwis m¤¢e? ii, iii i, ii, iii d
nve myBP  DÏxcKwU co 190 I 191 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wiwcUvi ivDUvi  d wg. wek^wRZ Zvi Awd‡mi `kwU Kw¤úDUvi Ggbfv‡e
 DÏxcKwU co 184 I 185 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: hy³ K‡i †bUIqvK© •Zwi Ki‡jb hv‡Z 1g I †kl
Kzwkqviv K‡j‡R wewfbœ wefv‡Mi Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K| nVvr GKw`b
Ggbfv‡e hy³ i‡q‡Q †hb cÖ_g n‡Z †kl ch©šÍ Kw¤úDUvi bó nIqvq †bUIqvK©wU eÜ n‡q hvq wZwb
Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv ci¯úi PµvKv‡i hy³| wKš‧ mgq †bUIqvK©wUi KvVv‡gv cwieZ©‡bi wm×všÍ wb‡jb|
evvuPv‡bvi Rb¨ AvBwmwU wkÿK †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRi 190. DÏxc‡Ki †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwRwU wK?
cwieZ©b Ki‡jb| ÷vi wis
184. K‡jRwU‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi U‡cvjwR e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q? evm †gk b
÷vi wis 191. wg. wek^wR‡Zi wm×všÍ ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ m¤¢ve¨ mgvavb
evm †gk b n‡jv
185. AvBwmwU wefv‡Mi wkÿK `ªæZ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb i. Kw¤úDUvi cwieZ©b Kiv
ai‡bi U‡cvjwR e¨envi K‡i‡Qb? ii. nve/myBP ¯vcb Kiv
÷vi wis iii. GKwU g~j jvBb ¯vcb
evm †gk d wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 DÏxcKwU co 186 I 187 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: i, ii i, iii
†Kv‡bv, †Kv¤úvwbi `yBRb wbivcËv Kg©KZ©v wb‡R‡`i ii, iii i, ii, iii c
g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM K‡ib wKš‧ GKB mg‡q Zviv K_v ej‡Z
cv‡ib bv| ÁvbgyjK cÖ‡kœvËi (K-As‡ki Rb¨)
186. Zviv †Kvb †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW e¨envi K‡ib?
1| †WUv Kwgwb‡Kkb Kx? [Kz. †ev. 17]
wmg‡cø· nvd Wz‡cø·
A_vev, KwgwbD‡Kkb wm‡÷g Kx?
dzj Wz‡cø· gvwë‡cø· a
DËi: †h c×wZi gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨envi K‡i
e¨vL¨v: †h c×wZ‡Z †WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î †cÖiK I cÖvcK
A_© Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv‡K †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g
Dfq w`K †_‡K †WUv †cÖiY Ges MÖnY Kiv hvq, Z‡e
e‡j|
GKB mg‡q Zv m¤¢e bq Zv‡K nvd Wz‡cø· e‡j| †hgb-
2| e¨vÛDB_ Kx? [w`. †ev. 19; mw¤§wjZ †evW©-18; iv. †ev. 16]
IqvwKUwK|
A_ev, Bandwidth Kx?. [h. †ev. 23; w`. †ev. 23; g.
187. GKB mg‡q †hvMv‡hvM Kivi †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i †h wWfvBm
†ev. 23; Xv. †ev. 19; iv. †ev 17]
cÖ‡qvRb- DËi: cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û †h cwigvY WvUv GK ¯vb n‡Z Ab¨¯v‡b
i. †gvevBj
¯vbvšÍwiZ nq Zv‡K A_©vr †WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii nvi‡K e¨vÛDB_
ii. IqvwK-UwK
e‡j|
iii. †iwWI
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 3| eªWe¨vÛ Kx?
i i, iii DËi: †h e¨vÛDB_ D”PMwZm¤úbœ †WUv ¯vbvšÍi cÖwµqvq
ii, iii i, ii, iii a e¨envi Kiv nq Ges hvi MwZ 1 Mbps †_‡K †ewk nq, Zv‡K
 DÏxcKwU co 188 I 189 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: eªWe¨vÛ ejv nq|
†gvnbv jÿ Kij, Zv‡`i GjvKvi me‡P‡q DuPz 4| †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb †gvW Kv‡K e‡j?
`vjvb¸‡jvi Ici wewfbœ †gvevBj †Kv¤úvwbi UvIqvi [e. †ev. 23; iv. †ev. 19; w`. †ev. 19; e. †ev. 16, 17]
emv‡bv Av‡Q| GgbwK †Lvjv cÖvšÍ‡iI A‡bK `~‡i `~‡i DËi: GK Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K `~ieZ©x †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡i †WUv
UvIqvi¸‡jv emv‡bv hv‡`i gvSLv‡b †Kv‡bv evav †bB| KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi †ÿ‡Î †WUv cÖev‡ni w`K wb‡`©kK‡K †WUv
GKwU `vjv‡bi Ici wKQz hš¿cvwZmn GKwU GwÈbv KwgDwb‡Kkb †gvW e‡j|
AvKvkgyLx K‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q|
5| weU wmb‡µvbvB‡Rkb Kx?
188. DÏxc‡Ki DuPz UvIqvi¸‡jv †Kvb ai‡bi wgwWqv e¨envi
DËi: wmMb¨vj cvVv‡bvi mgq wewfbœ we‡Ui g‡a¨ w`‡q
K‡i?
mgš^‡qi Rb¨ e¨eüZ c×wZ‡K weU wmb‡µvbvB‡Rkb e‡j|
†iwWI I‡qf †Uwiw÷ªqvj gvB‡µvI‡qf
Bbd«v‡iW a 6| c¨vivjvj UªvÝwgkb Kx?
m¨v‡UjvBU gvB‡µvI‡qf
e¨vL¨v: †Uwi‡÷ªvwiqvj gvB‡µvI‡qf cÖhyw³‡Z f~-c„‡ôB DËi: †h †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi c×wZ‡Z KvQvKvwQ Aew¯Z
UªvÝwgUvi I wiwmfvi emv‡bv nq| G‡Z †gMvnvR© mxgvi wWfvBm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU K¨v‡i±v‡ii me¸‡jv weU mgvšÍivj
wb‡Pi w`‡K wd«Kz‡qwÝ e¨envi Kiv nq| fv‡e GK mv‡_ ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq Zv‡K c¨vivjvj UªvÝwgkb e‡j|
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 29
7| AvB‡mv‡µvbvm †WUv UªvÝwgkb Kx? UªvÝdv‡ii mgq GB Zwor †P․¤^Kxq AbvKvw•LZ b‡qR †WUv
DËi: †h cw×wZ‡Z †cÖiK I cÖvcK †÷k‡bi g‡a¨ cici `ywU UªvÝwgk‡b evuavi m„wó K‡i| GwUB n‡jv B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK
eø‡Ki †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi mgq GKB Ges me©wb¤œ (cÖvq k~b¨) B›Uvi‡dqv‡iÝ ev BGgAvB(EMI)|
GKK nq AvB‡mv‡µvbvm †WUv UªvÝwgkb †g_W e‡j| 19| Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© Kx? [e. †ev. 19; P. †ev. 17]
8| nvd Wz‡cø· †gvW Kx? [wm. †ev. 23] DËi: hLb Kw¤úDUvi e¨enviKvixMY Zv‡`i Avbylw½K
DËi: †h c×wZ‡Z †cÖiK I cÖvcK Dfq †WUv ¯vbvšÍi Ki‡Z hš¿cvwZ fvMvfvwM K‡i e¨envi I cvi¯úwiK Z_¨ Av`vb-
cv‡i, Z‡e Zv GKB mg‡q hyMcr m¤¢e bq, Zv‡K nvd-Wy‡cø· cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K Zv‡K ZLb G mvgwMÖK cÖwµqv‡K Kw¤úDUvi
UªvÝwgkb †gvW e‡j| †bUIqvK© e‡j|
9| dzj-Wz‡cø· Kx? [Kz. †ev. 23] 20| wcqvi Uy wcqvi †bUIqvK© Kx? [wm. †ev. 19]
DËi: †h UªvÝwgkb †gvW GKB mg‡q Dfq w`‡K †WUv DËi: †h †bUIqv‡K© cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUvi GKB mv‡_ mvf©vi I
†cÖi‡Yi e¨e¯v _v‡K A_©vr †h †Kvb cÖvšÍ cÖ‡qvR‡b †WUv IqvK©‡÷kb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Ges cÖ‡Z¨K BDRvi Zv‡`i
†cÖiY Kivi mgq †WUv MÖnY A_ev †WUv MÖn‡Yi mgq †cÖiYI wi‡mvm© A‡b¨i mv‡_ †kqvi Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K wcqvi Uz wcqvi
Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K dzj-Wz‡cø· †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW e‡j †bUIqvK© e‡j|
†hgb: †gvevBj †dvb|
21| LAN Kx? [P. †ev. 16]
10| †WUv PjvP‡ji gva¨g Kx? [P. †ev. 23] DËi: mvaviYZ 1km ev Zvi Kg Gwiqvi g‡a¨ †ek wKQz
DËi: †WUv PjvP‡ji gva¨g ev wgwWqvg n‡jv GK ai‡bi Kw¤úDUvi Uvwg©bvj ev Ab¨‡Kv‡bv †cwi‡divj wWfvBm mshy³
Physical Path hv †cÖiK I cÖvcK‡K mshy³ K‡i †WUv K‡i †h †bUIqvK© •Zwi Kiv nq ZvB LAN|
†cÖi‡Y mnvqZv K‡i| †WUv PjvP‡ji cÖavb gva¨g `yBwU|
h_v: Zvi I Zviwenxb gva¨g| 22| LAN Gi c~Y©iƒc †jL|
DËi: LAN Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv Local Area Network.
11| Bbd«v‡iW Kx? [wm. †ev. 19]
DËi: 300 GHz †_‡K 400 THz ch©šÍ wd«Kz‡qwÝ †i‡Äi 23| †ivwgs Kx? [P. †ev. 19]
B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK I‡qf‡K Bbd«v‡iW e‡j| DËi: †gvevBj mvwf© m †cÖ v fvBWv‡ii Kvfv‡iR Gwiqvi
mxgveÜZv _v‡K| G mxgve×Zv `~i Kivi Rb¨ mvwf©m
12| eøyUz_ Kx? [Xv. †ev. 19; iv. †ev. 19]
†cÖvfvBWvi‡`i g‡a¨ †`kxq I AvšÍ:‡`kxqfv‡e ci¯ú‡ii
DËi: eøyUz_ n‡”Q Zviwenxb cv‡m©vbvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© mv‡_ AvšÍ:ms‡hv‡Mi e¨e¯v‡K ejv nq †ivwgs|
(PAN) hv 2.45 GHz wd«‡Kv‡qw݇Z ¯^í `~‡i‡Z¡ (3 †_‡K
10 wgUvi) WvUv Av`vb cÖ`vb e¨eüZ nq| 24| gvwëKv÷ UªvÝwgkb Kx? [e. †ev. 19]
DËi: †h †gv‡W †bUIqv‡K©i †Kvb GKwU †bvW †_‡K †WUv
13| nU¯úU Kx? [w`. †ev. 16]
†cÖiY Ki‡j Zv †bUIqv‡K©i Aaxb¯Í mKj †bvWB MÖnY Ki‡Z
DËi: nU¯úU n‡jv GK ai‡bi Iq¨vi‡jm †bUIqvK© GK‡mm
cv‡i bv ïaygvÎ wbw`©ó GKwU MÖæ‡ci mKj m`m¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z
c‡q›U hv †gvevBj, Kw¤úDUvi I wewfbœ AvBwmwU wWfvBm
cv‡i Zv‡K gvwëKv÷ †gvW e‡j|
(†hgb: ¯§vU©‡dvb, U¨ve, †bvUeyK, wcwWG, j¨vcUc) BZ¨vw`
B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM cÖ`vb K‡i| 25| ivDUvi Kx?
[e. †ev. 23; mw¤§wjZ †evW©-18; w`. †ev. 17; Xv. †ev. 16]
14| gvB‡µvI‡qf Kx?
DËi: ivDUvi n‡jv GKwU eyw×gvb B›Uvi‡bUIqvK©
DËi: gvB‡µvI‡qf n‡jv GK ai‡bi B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK
Kv‡bKwUwewU wWfvBm hv jwRK¨vj Ges wdwRK¨vj G‡Wªm
I‡qf hv †WUv, Qwe BZ¨vw` ¯vbvšÍi K‡i _v‡K Ges †m‡K‡Û
e¨envi K‡i `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †bUIqvK© †mM‡g‡›Ui g‡a¨ †WUv
cÖvq 1-2 wMMvweU ev Zvi †P‡q †ewk (10 wMMvweU †m.)
MwZ‡Z †WUv UªvÝwgU Ki‡Z cv‡i|) Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯v K‡i|

15| Wi-Max Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? 26| myBP Kx? [Kz. †ev. 16]
DËi: Wi-Max Gi c~Y© bvg n‡jv Worldwide DËi: my B P GK ai‡bi †bUIqvK© Kv‡bw±wfwU wWfvBm hv
Interoperability for Microwave Access| wgwWqv †mM‡g›U¸‡jv‡K GKwU †K›`ª x q Ae¯ v‡b G‡b GKwÎZ
K‡i|
16| WiMAX Kx? [iv. †ev. 23]
DËi: WiMAX Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡”Q Worldwide 27| weªR Kx? [e. †ev. 17; gv. †ev. 16]
Interoperability for Microwave Access. g~jZ DËi: GKvwaK †bUIqvK© ‡K mshy ³ K‡i †bUIqvK© m¤úªmvi‡Yi
WiMAX n‡”Q GKwU Zviwenxb †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb c×wZ, †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ we‡kl ai‡bi wWfvBm‡K weªR ejv nq|
hv eû `~ieZ©x gva¨g eªWe¨vÛ mieivn Ki‡Z cv‡i| 28| g‡Wg Kx? [Kz. †ev, P. †ev. 17]
17| wc‡Kv‡bU Kx? [Xv. †ev. 23] DËi: g‡Wg ( Modem) GKwU †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb wWfvBm hv
DËi: ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯Z †Kv‡bv e¨w³i e¨eüZ e¨w³MZ †WUv‡K GK Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i †c․u‡Q †`q|
wWfvBm-¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ •Zwii 29| gWz‡jkb Kx?
†bUIqvK© ev Wireless Personal Area Network DËi: †h cÖwµqvq wWwRUvj wmMb¨vj‡K A¨vbvjM wmMb¨v‡j
(WPAN) †K wc‡Kv‡bU e‡j| cwiYZ Kiv nq Zv‡K gWz‡jkb e‡j|
18| EMI Kx? 30| wW-gWz‡jkb Kx? [Xv. †ev. 23]
DËi: B‡jKUªwb KwWfvBmg~n Iq¨vi‡jm †iwWI wd«‡Kv‡qwÝi DËi: †h c×wZ‡i gva¨‡g g~j gWz‡jwUs wmMb¨vj Avjv`v Kiv
†P․¤^Kxq cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y AbvKvw¼Z b‡qR •Zwi K‡i| †WUv nq, Zv‡K wWgWz‡jkb e‡j| A_©vr GKwU K¨vwiqvi Zi½
30  HSC ICT Chapter-2
†_‡K g~j Z_¨ enbKvix ms‡KZ‡K †ei K‡i AvbvB n‡”Q B›Uvifv‡ji cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K
wWgWz‡jkb| GUvB ¯úó †h, †WUv UªvÝwgk‡b wm‡µvbvm myweavRbK|
31| NIC Kx? 6| Ò†WUv eøK AvKv‡i UªvÝwgU nqÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki| [h. †ev. 23]
[wm. †ev. 23; Xv. †ev. 17]
DËi: Kw¤úDUvi ev Ab¨ †Kvb wWfvBm‡K †bUIqv‡K© hy³ DËi: Ò†WUv eøK AvKv‡i UªvÝwgU nqÓ ej‡Z wmb‡µvbvm
Kivi Rb¨ †h B›Uvi‡dm KvW© e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K †WUv UªvÝwgkb c×wZ‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †h †WUv UªvÝwgkb
†bUIqvK© B›Uvi‡dm KvW© ev wbK (NIC) KvW© ejv nq| G‡K e¨e¯vq †cÖiK †÷k‡b cÖ_‡g †WUv‡K †Kv‡bv cÖv_wgK
j¨vb (LAN) KvW© ev †bUIqvK© KvW©I ejv nq| †÷v‡iR wWfvBm msiÿY Kiv nq, AZtci †WUvi K¨v‡i±vi
32| †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR Kx? mg~n‡K eøK AvKv‡i fvM K‡i cÖwZev‡i GKwU K‡i eøK
DËi: Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K© GKwU Kw¤úDUvi Gi mv‡_ Aci UªvÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j| GB
Kw¤úDUv‡ii ms‡hvM e¨e¯v Ges ms‡hv‡Mi aib‡K †bUIqvK© UªvÝwgk‡b cÖwZwU eøK GKwU wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi UªvÝwgU nq| G
U‡cvjwR e‡j| Kvi‡Y bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb †g_W|
GB UªvÝwgkb †g_‡W †Kvb ÷vU© ev ÷c weU _v‡K bv d‡j
33| †gk U‡cvjwR Kx? GKvav‡i †WUv Pj‡Z _v‡K ZvB GB c×wZi MwZ Lye †ewk|
DËi: †h †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR‡Z cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© -
Aaxb¯ cÖwZwUi mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K †gk U‡cvjwR e‡j| 7| Ô†WUv Av`vb I cÖ`vb GKB mg‡q m¤¢eÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
[P. †ev. 23; Kz. †ev. 17; h. †ev. 16]
34| K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Kx? DËi: dzj-Wz‡cø‡· UªvÝwgk‡b †WUv GKB m‡½ Dfqw`‡K
[g. †ev. 23; Ky. †ev. 19; h. †ev. 19; w`. †ev. 17,16] Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
DËi: B›Uvi‡b‡U ev I‡q‡e mshy³ n‡q wKQz †Møvevj myweav †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi mgq †WUv UªvÝdv‡ii †ÿ‡Î GKB
†fvM Kivi †h c×wZ ZvB n‡”Q K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs| mg‡q Dfq w`K n‡Z †WUv †cÖiY I MÖn‡Yi e¨e¯v _v‡K Ges
†h †Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ cÖ‡qvR‡b †cÖiY Kivi mgq †WUv MÖnY A_ev
Abyavebg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi (L-As‡ki Rb¨) †WUv MÖn‡Yi mgq †cÖiYI Ki‡Z cv‡i| †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi
1| e¨vÛDB_ 320 kbps ej‡Z Kx eyS? G †gvW ev cÖ_v‡K dzj Wz‡cø· e‡j| wP‡Î dzj-Wz‡cø‡·i †ÿ‡Î
DËi: e¨vÛ DBW_‡K mvaviYZ bit per second (bps) Øviv ÔKÕ hLb ÔLÕ Gi w`‡K †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡e, ÔLÕ I ZLb ÔKÕ
wnmve Kiv nq| cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û †W cwigvY UªvÝwgU Kiv nq Gi w`‡K †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡Z cvi‡e A_©vr †WUv †cÖiY I MÖnY
Zv‡K bps ev e¨vÛ DBW&_ e‡j| 320 kbps ej‡Z cÖwZ cÖwµqv GKmv‡_ Pj‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY- †Uwj‡dvb, †gvevBj
†m‡K‡Û 320 wK‡jvweU UªvÝwgU nq †evSvq| †dvb, IqvBg¨v·| wbiew”Qbœ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î †WUv e¨eüZ
2| ïay gWz‡jkb ev ïay wWgWz‡jkb Kvh©Ki c×wZ n‡Z nq|
cv‡i bv-e¨vL¨v Ki| ÔKÕ ⇆ ÔLÕ
DËi: wWwRUvj ms‡KZ‡K A¨vbvjM ms‡K‡Z cwieZ©‡bi gva¨g (Medium)
cÖwµqv‡K gWz‡jkb Ges A¨vbvjM ms‡KZ‡K wWwRUvj 8| †gvevBj †dv‡bi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW e¨vL¨v Ki|
ms‡KZ cwieZ©b Kivi cÖwµqv‡K wWgWz‡jkb ejv nq| [w`. †ev. 19; h. †ev. 17; Xv. †ev. 16]
gWz‡jkb Ges wWgWz‡jkb Dfq cÖwµqvi mw¤§wjZ djvdj DËi: †gvevBj †dv‡bi †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW n‡jv dzj-Wz‡cø·
n‡”Q GUv KwgDwb‡Kkb| †hvMv‡hvM Kvh©Ki Kivi Rb¨ †cÖiK | G c×wZ‡Z †WUv GKB mv‡_ Dfq w`‡K Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv
I MÖvnK Dfq cÖv‡šÍB g‡Wg e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g †cÖwiZ ms‡KZ hvq| A_©vr †cÖiK I cÖvcK DfqB GK mv‡_ Av`vb-cÖ`vb
gWz‡jkb Ges M„nxZ ms‡KZ wWgWz‡jkb Kiv nq| Ki‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gv‡b Avgiv ¯^v”Q‡›`¨ K_v ejvi Rb¨ †hme
3| †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb P¨v‡bj ej‡Z Kx eyS? cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i _vwK, †m¸‡jvi cÖvq me¸‡jvB dzj-Wz‡cø·
DËi: †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î †cÖiY cÖvšÍ Ges `~ieZ©x wWfvBm | Gme cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i †cÖiK I MÖvnK GKB
MÖnY cÖv‡šÍi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯vcb Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq| mvaviYZ mv‡_ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
G ms‡hvM‡K P¨v‡bj e‡j| G P¨v‡bj ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ 9| ÒTV m¤úªPv‡ii Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi †gvW e¨eüZ nqÓ-
cÖKvi gva¨g e¨envi Kiv nq| e¨vL¨v Ki|
4| Kx- †evW© †_‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i WvUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii e¨vÛ DËi: wUwf m¤úªPv‡ii Rb¨ wmg‡cø· †gvW c×wZ e¨envi Kiv
DBW_ eywS‡q †jL| nq| G †gv‡W †WUv ïay GK w`‡K †cÖiY Kiv hvq| Avgiv
DËi: Kx- †evW© †_‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i †WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ f‡qm hLb †Uwjwfkb †`wL ZLb ïay †`Lv Qvov Avi wKQz Kivi
e¨vÛ DBW_ e¨envi Kiv nq| f‡qm e¨vÛ DBW_ G †WUvi _v‡K bv| G‡ÿ‡Î Avgiv ïay †WUv cvB, cvVv‡Z cvwi bv|
MwZ 9.6 kbps ev 9600 bps ch©šÍ n‡q _v‡K| A_©vr †cÖiK cÖvc‡Ki Kv‡Q †WUv cvVv‡Z cv‡i, wKš‧ cÖvcK
†cÖi‡Ki Kv‡Q cvVv‡Z cvi‡e bv| ZvB †Uwjwfkb‡K GKgyLx
5| †WUv UªvÝwgk‡b wmb‡µvbvm myweavbRK-e¨vL¨v Ki|
[Xv †ev. 19]
ev wmg‡cø· †gvW ejv nq|
DËi: wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡bi `ÿZv (efficiency) 10| IqvB-dvB I eøyUz‡_i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †jL|
Gwmb‡µvbvm Gi Zzjbvq A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk| G c×wZ‡Z DËi: IqvB-dvB I eøyUz‡_i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wb¤œiƒc:
Aweivg UªvÝwgkb KvR Pj‡Z _vKvi d‡j Zvi UªvÝwgkb MwZ i. I‡cb Iq¨vi‡jm i. LAN Gi Iq¨vi‡jm
A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk| ZvQvov cÖwZ K¨v‡i±v‡ii ïiæ I †k‡l cÖ‡UvKj| e¨e¯v|
Start I Stop bit Ges cÖwZ K¨v‡i±v‡ii ci UvBg
ii. GwU IEEE 802.15 ii. GwU IEEE 802.11
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 31
÷¨vÛvW©| ÷¨vÛvW©| 16| wmb‡µvbvm I A¨vwmb‡µvbvm †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi g‡a¨
cv_©K¨ wjL|
iii. axi MwZ‡Z †WUv iii. `ªæZ MwZ‡Z †WUv
DËi: wmb‡µvbvm I A¨vwmb‡µvbvm †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi g‡a¨
¯vbvšÍwiZ nq| ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq|
cv_©K¨ n‡jv-
iv. wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ e¨vÛ 2.4 iv. wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ e¨vÛ 2.4
1. †h †WUv UªvÝwgkb 1. †h †WUv UªvÝwgkb
†_‡K 2.485 GHz| †_‡K 2.85 GHz|
e¨e¯vq †cÖiK †÷k‡b wm‡÷‡g †cÖiK n‡Z
v. mvaviYZ Gi Kvh©Ki v. mvaviYZ Gi Kvh©Ki †WUvi K¨v‡i±vimg~n‡K MÖvn‡K K¨v‡±vi evB
GjvKv 10 wgUvi| GjvKv -50-100 wgUvi| eøK AvKv‡i fvM K‡i K¨v‡i±vi †WUv UªvÝwgU
vi. LPi Zzjbvg~jK Kg| vi. LiP Zzjbvg~jK †ewk| cÖwZev‡i GKwU K‡i eøK nq Zv‡K
UªvÝwgU Kiv nq, Zv‡K A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb
11| Uvwg©bvj n‡Z wmwcDwW-†Z †WUv UªvÝwgkb Gi †ÿ‡Î wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j|
Gwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb c×wZ †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq| e‡j|
DËi: Uªvwg©bvj n‡Z wmwcDB-†Z †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi †ÿ‡Î 2. G ai‡bi UªvÝwgk‡b 2. G ai‡bi UªvÝwgk‡b
Gwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq| KviY- `ÿZv Kg| `ÿZv †ewk|
hLb GKRb Acv‡iUi Kx- †evW© †nZ †WUv UvBc Ki‡e
ZLb cÖwZ Aÿi Pvcvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Kx- †evW© n‡Z CPU †Z 17| IqvwK-UwK‡Z hyMcr K_v ejv I †kvbv m¤¢e bq †Kb?
†WUv ¯vbvšÍi n‡e Ges KL‡bvB GKRb Acv‡iU‡ii UvBwcs e¨vL¨v Ki| [e. †ev. 17]
Gi MwZ GKB fv‡e cvIqv hv‡e bv| d‡j K¨v‡i±vi Uz DËi: IqvwKUwK n‡jv nvd-Wz ‡ cø · †WUv Uª v Ýwgkb †gv‡Wi
K¨v‡i±vi UvBg B›Uvifvj Amgvbn‡e| GB UªvÝwgkb wn‡÷‡g GKwU Av`k© D`nviY| GLv‡b †cÖ i K I cÖ v cK `y B R‡b †WU
Kx- †ev‡W©i cÖwZ Aÿi Pvcvi mv‡_ mv‡_ 8 we‡Ui GKwU †WUv †cÖi Y I MÖ n Y Ki‡Z cv‡i wVKB wKš‧ Zv GK mv‡_ Kiv m¤¢ e
Drcbœ nq| G 8 we‡Ui K¨v‡i±vi †WUv‡K UvÝwgk‡bi c~‡e© bq| A_© v r GKRb hLb K_v ej‡e (†WUv cvVv‡e) AciRb
Zvi m¤§y‡L GKwU ÷vU© weU Ges †k‡l GKwU ev `ywU Stop weU ZLb †KejgvÎ ïb‡Z cvi‡e (†WUv MÖnY Ki‡e)| GKR‡bi
mshy³ Kiv nh| d‡j cÖwZwU K¨v‡i±v‡ii †WUv 10 we‡Ui †WUv †cÖiY Kiv †kl n‡j Gi ciB AciRb †WUv †cÖiY
†WUvq iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q UªvÝwgU nq| Ki‡Z (K_v ej‡Z ) cvi‡e|
12| wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e¨qeûj †Kb? [iv. †ev. 17] 18| m¨v‡UjvB‡U e¨eüZ I‡qe e¨vL¨v Ki| [iv. †ev. Õ19]
DËi: wmb‡µvbvm †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖvBgvwi †÷v‡iR DËi: m¨v‡UjvB‡U e¨eüZ I‡qf n‡jv gvB‡µvI‡qf|
wWfvBm (Primary Storage Device) Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq KviY B‡j‡±ªvg¨vM‡bwUK †¯úKUªv‡gi 300MHz ‡_‡K 300GHz
†WUv‡K cÖ_‡g msiÿY Ki‡Z nq| Avi GB cÖvBgvwi †÷v‡iR ch©šÍ wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ e¨vÛ gvB‡µvI‡qf bv‡g cwiwPZ| Kvh©Zt
wWfvB‡mi Rb¨B wmb‡µvbvm †WUv UªvÝwgkb e¨qeûj| Avevi gvB‡µvI‡qf GK ai‡bi B‡j‡±ªvg¨vM‡bwUK I‡qf hv
eøK wmMb¨v‡ji Rb¨ wmb‡µvbvm †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi LiP †ewk †m‡K‡Û cÖvq 1 wMMv ev Zvi †P‡q †ewk K¤úbwewkó n‡q
nq| _v‡K| gvB‡µvI‡qf ms‡hvM e¨envi K‡i †WUv ¯vbvšÍi A_©vr
13| †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW m¤ú‡K© †jL| Kw¤úDUi cÖ`Ë †WUv, K_v Ges Qwe BZ¨vw` ¯vbvšÍi m¤¢e|
DËi: †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb e¨e¯vq Drm †_‡K MšÍ‡e¨ †WUv gvB‡µvI‡qf wm‡÷g g~jZ `y‡Uv UªvÝwmfvi (Transcever)
cvVv‡bv nq| Drm †_‡K MšÍ‡e¨ †WUv UªvÝdv‡ii †ÿ‡Î †WUv wb‡q MwVZ| Gi GKwU wmMb¨vj UªvÝwgU (Transmit) Ges
cÖev‡ni w`K‡K †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW ejv nq| †WUv cÖev‡ni AciwU wmMb¨vj wiwmf (Receive) K‡i|
w`‡Ki Dci wfwË K‡i †WUv UªvÝwgkb †gvW‡K wZb fv‡M fvM gvB‡µvI‡qf evuKv c‡_ PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB †cÖiK
Kiv nq| h_v- 1. wmg‡cø·, 2. nvd-Wz‡cø· I 3. dzj- I MÖvnK Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ †Kvb evav _vK‡j ms‡KZ cvVv‡bv
Wz‡cø·| hvq bv| GRb¨ gvB‡µvI‡qf G¨v‡›Ubv eo †Kvb feb ev
UvIqv‡ii Ici emv‡bv nq|
14| A¨vwm‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b mgq †ewk jvMvi KviY eywS‡q
19| bb †gUvwjK K¨vej gva¨gwU e¨vL¨v Ki| [P. †ev. Õ19]
wjL| [iv. †ev. 23; P. †ev. 17]
A_ev, Av‡jvK wmMb¨v‡j †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii gva¨gwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b K¨v‡i±i¸‡jv UªvÝwgk‡bi †h [h. †ev. Õ19]
weiwZ †mwU mgvb nq bv| GB Kvi‡YB G c×wZ‡K A_ev, †PŠ¤^K cÖfvegy³ K¨vejwU eywS‡q wjL| [wm. †ev. Õ19]
A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb ejv nq| g~jZ K¨v‡i±vimg~‡ni A_ev, Av‡jvi MwZi b¨vq †WUv †cÖi‡Yi Rb¨ e¨eüZ K¨vejwU
UªvÝwgk‡bi mgq weiwZ mgvb bv nIqvq Gi †WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii e¨vL¨v Ki| [Kz. †ev. Õ16]
MwZ axi| DËi: DwjøwLZ K¨vejwU AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej| GwU
15| A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b mgq †ewk jvMvi KviY eywS‡q •e`y¨wZK AšÍiK ev WvB B‡jKwUªK c`v_© w`‡q •Zwi GK
wjL| [iv. †ev. 23; P. †ev. 17] ai‡bi Avuk ev dvBevi hv Av‡jv wbeÜKiY I cwien‡b
DËi: A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡b K¨v‡i±vi¸‡jv UªvÝwgk‡bi †h mÿg| dvBevi •Zwii Rb¨ •e`y¨wZK AšÍiK c`v_© wn‡m‡e
weiwZ †mwU KL‡bv mgvb nq bv| GB Kvi‡YB G c×wZ‡K wmwjKv Ges gvwë K‡¤úvb¨v›U KvuP eûjfv‡e e¨eüZ nq|
A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb ejv nq| g~jZ K¨v‡i±vimg~‡ni wfbœ cÖwZmivs‡Ki GB ai‡bi WvB-B‡jKwUªK c`v_© w`‡q
UªvÝwgk‡bi mgq weiwZ mgvb bv nIqvq Gi †WUv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii AcwUK¨vj dvBevi MwVZ| G‡Z Av‡jvi c~Y© Af¨šÍixb
MwZ axi| cÖwZdjb c×wZ‡Z LyeB `ªæZ †WUv Drm †_‡K MšÍ‡e¨ Mgb
K‡i Ges MwZ Gbps ch©v‡qi n‡q _v‡K|
32  HSC ICT Chapter-2
20| IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛ‡W©i cÖhyw³wU eywS‡q wjL| dvBevi cÖfvweZ nq bv| ZvB AcwUK¨vj dvBevi‡K
[wm. †ev. 19] †bUIqv‡K©i e¨vK‡evb ejv nq|
DËi: IEEE 802.16 ÷¨vÛv‡W©i cÖhyw³wU n‡”Q WiMAX| 25| Ò†WUv UªvÝwgk‡b Av‡jvK iwk¥ cwievnx Zvi DËg|Ó-
WiMAX Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡”Q Worldwide Interperability e¨vL¨v Ki| [P. †ev. Õ16]
for Microwave Access| GwU Iq¨vi‡jm †g‡UªvcwjUb A_ev, †WUv cwien‡b dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej wbivc` †Kb?
Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (WMAN) cÖ‡UvKj hv wd·W Ges †gvevBj [e. †ev. Õ16]
B›Uvi‡b‡U e¨eüZ nq| WiMAX wm‡÷‡gi `ywU cÖavb Ask A_ev, Òwe‡kl †Kv‡bv jm QvovB dvBevi AcwUK K¨ve‡ji
_v‡K| GKwU WiMAX ‡eR †÷kb hv Bb‡Wvi I AvDU‡Wvi wfZi w`‡q wmMb¨vj `xN© `~i‡Z¡ †bqv m¤¢e|Ó- e¨vL¨v Ki|[e. †ev.
UvIqvi wb‡q MwVZ| Ab¨wU G›Ubvmn WiMAX wiwmfvi, hv Õ23]
†Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi ev j¨vcU‡c mshy³ _v‡K| DËi: Ò†WUv UªvÝwgk‡b Av‡jvK iwk¥ cwievnx Zvi DËgÓ
21| WiMAX e¨env‡ii Kx Kx myweav Av‡Q? KviY, †WUv UªvÝwgk‡b Av‡jvK iwk¥ cwievnx Zvi wn‡m‡e
DËi: WiMAX e¨env‡ii myweav wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv- AcwUK¨vj dvBevi e¨eüZ nq| AcwUK¨vj dvBev‡ii myweav-
1. kZvwaK e¨enviKvix GKK †eR †÷kb e¨envi 1. AcwUK¨vj dvBevi B‡jw±ªK¨vj wmMb¨v‡ji cwie‡Z©
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Av‡jvK ev jvBU wmMb¨vj UªvÝwgU K‡i|
2. bZzb e¨enviKvix AwaK `ªæZ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z 2. G‡Z Av‡jv‡Ki c~Y© Af¨šÍixY cÖwZdjb c×wZ‡Z †WUv
cv‡i| Drm †_‡K MšÍ‡e¨ Mgb K‡i|
3. mvaviYZ 10 km ‡_‡K 50 km ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z n‡q 3. G‡Z wMMvevBU †iÄ ev Zvi †_‡K †ewk MwZ‡Z †WUv
_v‡K| Drm †_‡K PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i|
4. cÖZ¨šÍ A‡jI †mev cvIqv hvq| 4. eo ai‡bi †bUIqv‡K© G K¨vej e¨eüZ nq| GUv
5. wbivc` B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM myweav cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| †iwWI wd«Kz‡qwÝ (RF) †_‡K DbœZ|
5. GUv AwZ ¯^”Q Ges Zwor †P․¤^Kxq (EMI-Electro
22| dvBevi AcwU· K¨vej BGgAvB (EMI) gy³ †Kb Magnetic Interference) cÖfvegy³|
[iv.‡ev. Õ17] 26| AcwUK¨vj dvBev‡ii e¨vÛDBW_ eywS‡q wjL| [wm. †ev. Õ17]
DËi: dvBevi AcwU· K¨vej Av‡jvK cvj‡mi mvnv‡h¨ DËi: AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej Øviv me‡P‡q `ªæZ Z_¨
wmMbvj UªvÝwgU K‡i| Avevi, GB wmMb¨v‡ji mgwš^Z iƒc cvVv‡bv hvq| KviY dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej Zvi gva¨‡gi
B‡jw±ªK¨vj b‡qR Øviv AvµvšÍI nq bv| wKš‧ BGgAvB g‡a¨ me‡P‡q kw³kvjx gva¨g| Gi g‡a¨ w`‡q Av‡jvK w`‡q
(EMI) ‣Zwii Rb¨ †WUv Zi½ AvKv‡i cÖevwnZ nq Ges Av‡jvK ms‡KZiƒ‡c †WUv cwievwnZ nq ev PjvPj K‡i| GwU
†iwWI wd«‡Kv‡qwÝi †P․¤^Kxq cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y AbvKvw•ÿZ B‡jKwUªK¨vj wmb¨v‡ji cwie‡Z© jvBU wmMb¨vj UªvÝwgU K‡i|
b‡qR Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡Z nq| ZvB dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej d‡j †WUv Av‡jvi MwZ‡Z ¯vbvšÍi nq| Gi †fZi w`‡q 1
BGgAvB (EMI) cÖfve gy³| Gbps †iÄ ev Zvi †P‡q †ewk MwZ‡Z †WUv PjvPj Ki‡Z
23| ÔAv‡jvi MwZ‡Z †WUv †cÖiY m¤¢eÕ- e¨vL¨v Ki| cv‡i|
[g. †ev. Õ23; Kz. †ev. Õ17] 27| Iq¨vi‡jm KwgDwb‡Kkb e¨vL¨v Ki [g. †ev. Õ16]
A_ev, Av‡jvi MwZ‡Z †WUv ¯’vbvšÍi-e¨vL¨v Ki| [iv. †ev. Õ16] DËi: GKvwaK wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv Zv‡ii ms‡hvM QvovB
A_ev, AcwUK¨vj dvBevi `ªæZ MwZ‡Z †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡i- †WUv UªvÝdvi Kivi c×wZ n‡jv Iq¨vi‡jm KwgDwb‡Kkb
eywS‡q ej| [w`. †ev. Õ16] wm‡÷‡gi gva¨‡g wewfbœ wWfvBm †hvgb- wi‡gvU K‡›Uªvj,
A_ev, WvUv PjvP‡ji `ªæZZg gva¨gwUi eY©bv `vI [P. †ev. Õ17]
gvDm, wcÖ›Uvi, m¨v‡UjvBU †Uwjwekb BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv
DËi: Av‡jvi MwZ‡Z †WUv ¯vbvšÍi nq AcwUK¨vj dvBevi
hvq| Iq¨vi‡jm KwgDwb‡Kk‡b †bUIqv‡K©i AšÍf©y³
K¨ve‡ji gva¨‡g| GwU B‡jw±ªK¨vj wmMb¨v‡ji cwie‡Z©
†h‡Kv‡bv ¯vb †_‡K ev ågYiZ Ae¯vq B›Uvi‡bU A¨vK‡mm
Av‡jvK ev jvBU wmMb¨vj UªvÝwgU K‡i| G‡Z Av‡jv‡Ki c~Y©
Kiv hvq|
Af¨šÍixY cÖwZdjb c×wZ‡Z †WUv Drm †_‡K MšÍ‡e¨ Mgb
28| Ô¯^í `~i‡Ze webv Li‡P WvUv UªvÝdvi m¤¢eÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
K‡i| A_©vr Av‡jv AcwUK¨vj dvBev‡i GK cÖvšÍ w`‡q cÖ‡ek [wm. †ev. Õ17]
K‡i evi evi w`K cwieZ©b K‡i Ab¨ cÖvšÍ w`‡q †ei nq| DËi: ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ webv Li‡P †WUv UªvÝdvi m¤¢e nq eøyUz‡_i
24| ÒAcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej‡K †bUIqv‡K©i e¨vK‡evb gva¨‡g| G‡Z `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK h‡š¿i g‡a¨ Zviwenxb
ejv nqÓ- e¨vL¨v Ki| [w`. †ev. Õ17] †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡i webv Li‡P †WUv UªvÝdvi Kiv hvq| eøyUz_
A_ev, Ò†h K¨vej‡K †bUIqv‡K©i e¨vK‡evb ejv nqÓ- e¨vL¨v mgwš^Z hš¿cvwZ myBP Ab Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ ¯^í `~i‡Z¡i g‡a¨
Ki| [wm. †ev. Õ16] ¯^qswµqfv‡e †WUv UªvÝdv‡ii gva¨‡g G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_
DËi: mvaviYZ GKB wewìs Gi GKvwaK †bUIqvK© ev †hvMv‡hvM NUv‡Z mÿg nq| eøyUz_ 10 †mw›UwgUvi †_‡K 1000
GKvwaK wewìs Gi †bUIqvwK©s hyw³ Ki‡Z †h UªvÝwgkb wgUvi ch©šÍ `~i‡Z¡i g‡a¨ †WUv UªvÝdvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
K¨vej e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K †bUIqvK© e¨vK‡evb K¨vej 29| wewfbœ cÖKvi Iq¨vi‡jm cÖhyw³i bvg wjL|
e‡j| A_©vr †bUIqv‡K©i e¨vK‡evb ej‡Z †bUIqv‡K©i DËi: wewfbœ cÖKvi Iq¨vi‡jm cÖhyw³i bvg n‡jv:
†giæ`Û †evSvq| AcwUK¨vj dvBevi Øviv e¨vK‡evb •Zwi 1. Bbd«v‡iW
Ki‡j GwU wbf©yj †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i, D”P 2. †gvevBj †dvb
e¨vÛDB_ m¤úbœ nq Ges we`y¨r †P․¤^K cÖeve n‡Z gy³ nq| 3. AvëªvmwbK wi‡gvU K‡›Uªvj
GQvovI cwi‡e‡ki Zvc-Pvc BZ¨vw` ØvivI AcwUK¨vj 4. GMRS – General Mobile Radio Service
5. Marine VHF Radio
KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g I †bUIqvwK©s  Final Revision Batch 33
6. GPS – Global Positioning System 34| †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© •Zwi Ki‡Z Kx ai‡bi K¨vej
7. eøyUz_ I (Cable) Ges †Kb e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e?
8. m¨v‡UjvBU cÖf…wZ| DËi: †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© •Zwi Ki‡Z UzB‡÷W †cqvi
30| †bUIqvK© ej‡Z Kx †evS? K¨vej e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY UzB‡÷W †cqvi K¨ve‡ji
DËi: `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM ¯vc‡bi †WUv UªvÝdvi †iU †ewk hv 10 Mbps ‡_‡K 100 Mbps| hv
Rb¨ ¯vwcZ ms‡hvM c×wZ‡Z †bUIqvK© e‡j| GKwU AwaK wbivc‡` GB K¨ve‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Ges wbf©i‡hvM¨fv‡e
†bUIqvK© KvW© gv`vi‡evW© ev †gBb †ev‡W©i ¯ø‡U emv‡bv †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z †WUv UªvÝwgkb jm
_v‡K| †gBb‡ev‡W© Aew¯Z †WUv evvm I †bUIqvK© K¨vej Gi A‡cÿvK…Z Kg| GQvovI dvBevi AcwUK K¨ve‡ji Zzjbvq
gvSvgvwS Ae¯v‡b †bUIqvK© KvW© emv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| m¯Ív|
GKvwaK Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ •ewk󨸇jvi Rb¨B †jvKvj Gwiqv
†bUIqvK© KvW© e¨eüZ nq| G KvW© mwµq Kivi Rb¨ †bUIqvK© •Zwi Ki‡Z UyB‡÷W K¨vej e¨envi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
md&UIq¨v‡ii cÖ‡qvRb hv †bUIqvK© KvW© wbgv©Zviv mieivn 35| nve I myB‡Pi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK cv_©K¨ wjL|
K‡i _v‡Kb| DËi: nve I myB‡Pi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK cv_©K¨ wb¤œiƒc:
31| gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ †bUIqv‡K©i aib e¨vL¨v Ki| nve myBP
[Xv. †ev. Õ23] 1. wmMb¨vj cÖwZwU 1. †WUv wmMb¨vj
DËi: wewfbœ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© wewfbœfv‡e IqvK©‡÷k‡bi wbKU †bUIqv‡K© e¨eüZ cÖvcK
†kÖwYweb¨vm Kiv n‡q _v‡K| gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ †bUIqvK©‡K cvVvq| Kw¤úDUv‡ii mywbw`©ó
`yB fvM Kiv hvq| h_v: †cv‡U© cvVvq|
1| cÖvB‡fU †bUIqvK©: cÖvB‡fU †bUIqvK© mvaviYZ 2. wmMb¨vj wdëvi Ki‡Z 2. wmMb¨vj wdëvi Ki‡Z
wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb ev ms¯vi gvwjKvbvaxb _v‡K| G cv‡i bv| cv‡i|
†bUIqv‡K©i wbivcËv A‡bK gReyZ Ges UªvwdK †bB 3. Kwjkb †Wv‡gBb‡K 3. Kwjkb †Wv‡gBb‡K
ej‡jB P‡j| we¯Í…Z K‡i| mxwgZ K‡i †`q
2| cvewjK †bUIqvK©: cvewjK †bUIqvK© mvaviYZ 4. axi MwZi| 4. `ªæZ MwZi|
†Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjKvbvaxb _v‡K bv| GwU 36| 9600 bps w¯úWwU e¨vL¨v Ki| [Xv. †ev. Õ17]
†Kv‡bv ms¯v ev cÖwZôvb Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq| G‡ÿ‡Î DËi: e¨vÛ DBW& _ ‡K mvaviYZ bit per second (bps) Øviv
†mevi cwie‡Z© g~j¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq| wnmve Kiv nq| cÖ wZ †m‡K‡Û †h cwigvY weU Uª v ÝwgU Kiv nq
32| Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvwK©s G D‡Ïk¨mg~n e¨vL¨v Ki| Zv‡K bps ev e¨vÛ DBW&_ e‡j| 9600 bps ej‡Z cÖwZ
[wm. †ev. Õ23] †m‡K‡Û 9600 weU †WUv UªvÝwgU nq †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
DËi: Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©¸‡jv mvaviYZ †bUIqv‡K©i g‡a¨ 37| nv‡ei cwie‡Z© myBP e¨envi Ki‡j Kx myweav cvIqv
_vKv wWfvBm¸wj‡K GK Ac‡ii mv‡_ Ges ms¯v¸wj †cÖiY, hvq-e¨vL¨v Ki|
wewbgq ev Ab¨_vq fvM Kivi AbygwZ †`Iqvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ DËi: nv‡ei cwie‡Z© myBP e¨envi myweavRbK| †bUIqvK©
nq| Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvwK©s GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi KvR h_v m¤¢e myBP n‡jv eû †cvU©wewkó Kw¤úDUvi wWfvBm hv Z_¨ Av`vb-
mnR K‡i wb‡q Avmvi my‡hvM K‡i †`q| wb‡¤œ Kw¤úDUvi cÖ`vb Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| evB‡i †_‡K myBP †`L‡Z nv‡ei
†bUIqvwK©s Gi wKQy D‡Ïk¨ †jLv n‡jv: g‡Zv g‡b n‡jI GwU wfbœ c×wZ‡Z †bUIqv‡K©i K¬v‡q‡›Ui
1| dvBj †kqvwis‡qi Rb¨| g‡a¨ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡i| myBP wmMb¨vj MÖnY Kivi ci
Zv mivmwi Uv‡M©U Kw¤úDUvi ev Kw¤úDUvimg~‡n †cÖiY K‡i|
2| nvW©Iq¨vi I md&UvIq¨vi †kqvwis Gi Rb¨|
ZvB †WUv †cÖi‡Y myB‡Pi †ÿ‡Î Kg mgq jv‡M| myB‡Pi †cvU©
3| WvUv wbivcËv I e¨e¯vcbvi Rb¨| nv‡ei †P‡q †ewk _v‡K|
4| Kw¤úDUv‡ii RvqMv iÿvi Rb¨| 38| wfbœ cÖ‡UvK‡ji †bUIqvK©‡K hy³ Ki‡Z †Kvb wWfvBm
5| m‡ev©cwi Kg©`ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨| cÖ‡qvRb? e¨vL¨v Ki| [g. †ev. Õ23]
33| LAN I MAN U‡cvjwRi g‡a¨ `ywU cv_©K¨ wjL| DËi: wfbœ cÖ ‡ UvK‡ji †bUIqvK© hy ³ Ki‡Z e¨eüZ wWfvBm
DËi: LAN I MAN U‡cvjwRi g‡a¨ `ywU cv_©K¨ wb¤œiƒc: n‡”Q †MUI‡q (Gateway)| wfbœ †bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_ hy³
LAN (Local Area MAN (Metropoliton nIqvi mgq †MUI‡q cÖ‡UvKj Uªv݇jk‡bi KvR K‡i|
Network) Area Network) †MUI‡q PAT (Protocol Address Translation) e¨envi
1. mvaviYZ 100 wgUvi 1. GKB kn‡ii wewfbœ K‡i †bUIqvK© wPwýZ K‡i _v‡K e‡j G‡K cÖ‡UvKj KbfvU©vi
ev Zvi Kg `~i‡Z¡i g‡a¨ ¯v‡b Aew¯Z Kw¤úDUvi I ejv nq| GwU †WUv wd¬Uvwis Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges ïay Uv‡M©U
†ek wKQz Kw¤úDUvi ev wWfvBm wb‡q †h AvB.wc A¨v‡Wª‡m ms‡KZ cvVvq| GwU Zv‡ii †P‡q `ªæZ MwZ
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