ESCOLA SECUNDÁRIA FORÇA DO POVO

THEME: CONNECTOR

DISCIPLINE: INGLÊS

NAME : NR:

AlziraAlbertina 7

CacildaVasco 14

EgnaNhaca 18

LeuziaMagda 32

ShanilChuma

Stream : 4 Teacher : Nemelina

INDIX

INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1

CONNECTOR............................................................................................................................2

CLASSIFICATION.....................................................................................................................4

CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTION

Connectors, also known as linking words or transitional devices, play a crucial role in
enhancing the coherence and cohesion of both written and spoken English. They serve
as linguistic bridges that connect ideas within sentences and paragraphs, facilitating
smooth transitions between thoughts and ensuring clarity in communication.
Understanding and using connectors effectively not only improves the flow of language
but also enhances the overall quality and readability of written compositions. In this
paper, we will explore the various types of connectors, their functions, and provide
examples to illustrate their usage in different contexts. By gaining proficiency in using
connectors, writers and speakers can convey their ideas more effectively and engage
their audience with clear and organized discourse.

1
Connectors

Connectors, also known as linking words or transitional devices, are used to join
sentences or ideas in writing and speaking to ensure coherence and cohesion.

Types

Connectors (or conjunctions) are classified into several main types, each with their
specific functions for connecting ideas and structuring sentences. Here are the main
types of connectors in English:

1.Coordinating Conjunctions (Conjunções Coordenativas): Connect words, phrases, or

independent clauses that have equal grammatical importance within a sentence.
Examples include "and," "but," "or," "nor."

E.g :

• I want to go for a walk and visit the park.

• She likes tea, but he prefers coffee.

• You can have cake or ice cream for dessert.

2.Subordinating Conjunctions (Conjunções Subordinativas): Introduce a subordinate

clause (dependent clause) that cannot function as a complete sentence on its own.
Examples include "because," "although," "if," "while."

E.g :

• We stayed home because it was raining.

• Although it was late, they decided to continue the meeting.

• If you need help, just ask.

3.Correlative Conjunctions (Conjunções Correlativas): Are pairs of words that work

together to connect elements of equal grammatical importance within a sentence.
Examples include "either...or," "neither...nor," "both...and," "not only...but also."

E.g :

• You can either have pizza or pasta for dinner. 2

• Neither John nor Sarah could attend the party.

•They are both intelligent and hardworking.

4.Adverbial Conjunctions (Conjunções Adverbiais): Connect independent clauses or

phrases, indicating relationships of time, place, cause, purpose, etc. Examples include
"therefore," "however," "meanwhile," "furthermore."

E.g :

• She was tired; therefore, she went to bed early.

•He loves playing soccer; however, he also enjoys swimming.

•They missed the bus; furthermore, they were late for school.

5.Relative Pronouns (Pronomes Relativos): Introduce a relative clause that describes a

previously mentioned noun in the sentence. Examples include "who," "which," "that,"
"whose."

E.g :

• The woman who lives next door is very friendly.

•This is the book that I was talking about.

•He met a girl whose brother plays in the band.

6.Conjunctive Adverbs (Advérbios Conjuntivos): Are adverbs used to connect

independent clauses. They express relationships of time, place, cause, condition,
contrast, etc. Examples include "however," "therefore," "nevertheless," "consequently."

E.g:

• She studied hard; therefore, she passed the exam.

•He enjoys cooking; however, he rarely has time to do it.

•They went for a walk; nevertheless, their children played in the park. 3
Classification

connectors can be classified into different categories based on their function. Here are
some common classifications:

1.Addition

These connectors add information or ideas. Examples include "and," "besides," "also,"
"furthermore."

e.g - Furthermore, he also completed all his homework assignments.

- She loves to read books and watch movies in her free time.

2.Contrast

These connectors show differences or unexpected results. Examples include "but,"

"however," "on the other hand," "yet."

e.g - She is very talented but lacks confidence.

- He enjoys swimming; however, he dislikes surfing.

3.Comparison

These connectors show similarities or make comparisons. Examples include "similarly,"

"likewise," "in the same way."

e.g - Learning a new language is similarly challenging to mastering a musical instrument.

- Cats are like dogs in many ways, but they are more independent.

4.Cause and Effect

These connectors show reasons and results. Examples include "because," "since,"
"therefore," "thus."

e.g - She was tired because she stayed up late studying.

- Since it was raining, we decided to stay indoors.

5.Time

These connectors indicate when something happens. Examples include "then," "next,"
"meanwhile," "afterward.". 4
e.g - Afterward, they went out for dinner at their favorite restaurant.

- Meanwhile, I'll be finishing up the report.

6.Conclusion

These connectors summarize or conclude. Examples include "in conclusion," "to

summarize," "overall."

e.g - To summarize, we need to prioritize our tasks for today.

- Overall, it was a successful event.

7.Illustration

These connectors give examples to illustrate a point. Examples include "for example,"
"for instance," "such as."

e.g - There are many animals at the zoo, for example, lions, tigers, and elephants.

- He enjoys various hobbies, such as painting, playing guitar, and gardening.

8.Emphasis

These connectors emphasize a point or idea. Examples include "indeed," "in fact,"
"notably."

e.g - He is, indeed, a remarkable athlete.

- In fact, she was the first person to arrive at the party.

These are just some categories of connectors, and there are many specific words and
phrases within each category that serve different functions in connecting ideas and
structuring sentences in English writing and speech.

5
Conclusion

In conclusion, connectors play a fundamental role in structuring and organizing

language in English, both in writing and speaking. They not only enhance the fluency of
discourse but also ensure that ideas are presented coherently and comprehensibly to
the audience. By mastering the different types of connectors, writers can create clearer
and more cohesive texts, while speakers can communicate their ideas more effectively
and engagingly. This study has shown us how connectors facilitate the connection
between thoughts and arguments, promoting smoother and more impactful
communication. Therefore, a proficient understanding and use of connectors are
essential for achieving a high level of language proficiency in English, both for students
and professionals across various fields.