INTRODUCTION

A tense is a form of the verb that allows you to express time. The tense of the verb
tells us when an event or something existed or when a person did something. Past,
present, and future are the three main types of tenses.

BASIC TENSES

SUBDIVISION OF TENSES

SIMPLE

PERFEC
T PROGRE
TENSES
PROGRE SSIVE
SSIVE

PERFEC
T
CLASSIFICATION OF TENSES

PAST PRESENT FUTURE

SIMPLE SIMPLE SIMPLE

CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS

PERFECT PERFECT PERFECT

PERFECT CONTINUOUS PERFECT CONTINUOUS PERFECT CONTINUOUS

In each lesson we look at two aspects of the tense:

• Present: Speaks about actions in the current situation

• Past: Speaks about actions that had occurred already.

• Future: Speaks about actions that will occur in the future

Differences:
• Simple Tenses describe basic actions.
• Continuous Tenses describe actions that are ongoing.
• Perfect Tenses describe actions that are completed before now.
• Perfect Continuous Tenses describe actions that were ongoing and then
completed.

In each lesson we look at two aspects of the tense:

• Structure: How do we make the tense?
• Use: When and why do we use the tense?
• Timeline: How Tenses represented on a Timeline chart for better
understanding
Introduction to Common Tense Forms

In English grammar, tenses are often categorized into four common forms: Simple,
Perfect, Perfect Continuous, and Continuous. Understanding these forms is essential
for mastering the nuances of English verb conjugation and sentence structure.

Aspect tells how the action of the verb unfolds in relation to time, for example:
– some actions happen only once, some actions are repeated
– some actions last a short period of time, some actions extend for longer periods

There are 4 aspects

SIMPLE
 single action
 habit or repeated actions

CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE)
 ongoing or incomplete actions
 one moment in time
 to be + main verb ending +ing

PERFECT
 completed actions
 connects two points in time – something happened before something else
happened
 to have + main verb ending +ed or irregular

PERFECT CONTINUOUS (PERFECT PROGRESSIVE)

 connects two points in time (like Perfect)
 expresses that an action is incomplete (like Progressive/Continuous)
 to have + been + main verb ending +ing
TIME LINE

What is Present Tense?

A present tense describes the work/habit that is occurring at present and the degree
of its completeness is described by 4 different tenses. Below we have listed all 4
present tenses to help you understand what is the difference between either of them
and where and when to use them. We have also given the rules for each present
tense later in the tense chart below.
1. Present Indefinite Tense: Also known as the Simple Present tense, these tenses
do not clearly describe whether the work (that is talked about in the sentence) is
still ongoing or is complete. Usually, by simple present tense, we describe a
habit, a daily routine, a general fact, the current moment or a near future event.
2. Present Continuous Tense: These tenses describe that an action/condition is
occurring in the current moment and may continue into the future.
3. Present Perfect Tense: This tense describes an action that has been started in
the past and has been completed until the current time. This means that the
Present Perfect tense describes the work/action that has been “completed”
however, some of its effect remains in the present time as well.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: These tenses describe an action that has
started in the past and is still continuing in the present/current time. These
actions are not “complete” and are continuing till the present time.
What is Past Tense?
A past tense describes an action that has been completed/happened or a
state/situation that existed in the past. The 4 types of past tenses in English are
described briefly below.
1. Past Indefinite Tense: Also known as the Simple Past Tense, this tense describes
an action that has happened in the past or a situation that occurred in the past.
Present Indefinite tense is used to describe past actions:
 that are described by time (such as by using words - yesterday, last, ago,
never, etc.),
 that have occurred as a habit in the past, and
 which are described using “since” as an adverb
2. Past Continuous Tense: This tense describes an action that continued to occur
for some certain time in the past.
3. Past Perfect Tense: This tense describes an action already completed before
the start of another event in the past. It also sometimes describes the actions
that were completed at a certain point in the past.
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: This tense describes actions that started and
continued till a certain point in time in the past. This tense also describes an
action/situation that continued till another action/situation occurred in the past.

What is Future Tense?

The future tense describes a situation that doesn’t exist in the present moment or an
action that has not happened in the present yet and may happen in the future. The 4
different types of future tenses in English are given below.
1. Future Indefinite Tense: Also known as the Simple Future Tense, the Future
Indefinite Tense describes the actions that are going to happen in the near
future or in the coming time.
2. Future Continuous Tense: Also known as the future progressive tense, this
tense is used to describe an action that will continue or remain in progress in the
future. It is simply the future form of the present continuous tense.
3. Future Perfect Tense: This tense is used to describe the actions that will be
completed by a certain time in the future.
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense: Also known as the Future Perfect Progressive
Tense, the future perfect continuous tense is used to describe actions that will
remain progressing until a certain time in future.
TENSE CHART RULES & EXAMPLES

Tenses Examples
Present Simple She writes a letter every day.
Present Continuous She is writing a letter.
Present Perfect She has written a letter.
Present Perfect She has been writing letters for 2 hours.
Continuous
Past Simple She wrote a letter.
Past Continuous She was writing a letter when he called.
Past Perfect She had written the letter by the time he called.
Past Perfect Continuous She had been writing letters for 2 hours before he
called.
Future Simple She will write a letter later.
Future Continuous She will be writing letters when he calls.
Future Perfect She will have written many letters by the time he calls.
Future Perfect She will have been writing letters for 2 hours by the time
Continuous he calls.
The table below shows a chart of tenses in English.

Tense Formula Example

1. Present Simple Sub + Verb (v1) + s/es (v5 She goes to school by bus.
Form)+ Obj

2. Past Simple Sub + Verb (v2) + Obj She went to school by bus.

3. Future Simple Sub + will/shall + verb (v1) She will go to school by bus.
+ Obj

4. Present Sub + is/am/are + She is going to school by

Continuous Verb(+ing) (V4 Form) + Obj bus.

5. Past Continuous Sub + was/were + She was going to school by

Verb(+ing) (V4 Form) + Obj bus.

6. Future Sub + will be/shall be + She will be going to school

Continuous verb(+ing) (V4 Form) + Obj by bus.

7. Present Perfect Sub + Has/have (have She has gone to school by

Form) + Verb (v3) + Obj bus.

8. Past Perfect Sub + had (Have Form) + She had gone to school by
Verb (v3) + Obj bus.

9. Future Perfect Sub + will have + verb(v3) + She will have gone to school
Obj by bus

10. Present Perfect Sub + Has/have + been + She has been going to school
Continuous Verb(+ing) + Obj by bus since a year.

11. Past Perfect Sub + had + been + She had been going to
Continuous Verb(+ing) + Obj school by bus since a year.

12. Future Perfect Sub + will have been + She will have been going to
Continuous verb(+ing) + Obj school by bus for two years.
TIME LINE FOR 12 TENSES
12 Basic Form of Tenses with Examples

1. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

 Formula: Sub+V1+s/es+Obj
 Positive: He plays cricket.
 Negative: He does not play cricket.
 Question: Does he play cricket?

Examples

1. I polish my shoes.
2. He combs his hair.
3. She feeds her dog.
4. We feel Hungry.
5. They fight with friends.
6. You bring a book.
7. It takes two minutes.
2. PAST SIMPLE TENSE

 Formula: Sub+V2+Obj
 Positive: Emma went to school.
 Negative: Emma did not go to school.
 Question: Did Emma go to school?

Examples

1. I polished my shoes.
2. He combed his hair.
3. She fed her dog.
4. We felt hungry.
5. They fought with friends.
6. You brought a book.
7. It took two minutes.

3. FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

 Formula: Sub+will+V1+Obj
 Positive: She will write an email.
 Negative: She won’t write an email.
 Question: Will she write an email?

Examples

1. I will polish my shoes.

2. He will comb his hair.
3. She will feed her dog.
4. We will feel hungry.
5. They will fight with friends.
6. You will bring a book.
7. It will take two minutes.
4. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

 Formula: Sub+am/is/are+V1+Ing+Obj
 Positive: We are listening to a song.
 Negative: We aren’t listening to a song.
 Question: Are we listening to a song?

Examples

1. I am polishing my shoes.
2. He is combing his hair.
3. She is feeding her dog.
4. We are feeling hungry.
5. They are fighting with friends.
6. You are bringing a book.
7. It is taking two minutes.

5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

 Formula: Sub+was/were+V1+Ing+Obj
 Positive: They were writing an essay.
 Negative: They weren’t writing an essay.
 Question: Were they writing an essay?

Examples

1. I was polishing my shoes.

2. He was combing his hair.
3. She was feeding her dog.
4. We were feeling hungry.
5. They were fighting with friends.
6. You were bringing a book.
7. It was taking two minutes.
6. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

 Formula: Sub+will be+V1+Ing+Obj

 Positive: Ben will be going home.
 Negative: Ben won’t be going home.
 Question: will ben go home?

Examples

1. I will be polishing my shoes.

2. He will be combing his hair.
3. She will be feeding her dog.
4. We will be feeling hungry.
5. They will be fighting with friends.
6. You will be bringing a book.
7. It will be taking two minutes.

7. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

 Formula: Sub+have/has+V3+Obj
 Positive: He has read a book.
 Negative: He hasn’t read a book.
 Question: has he read a book?

Examples

1. I have polished my shoes.

2. He has combed his hair.
3. She has fed her dong.
4. We have felt hungry.
5. They have fought with friends.
6. You have brought a book.
7. It has taken two minutes.
8. PAST PERFECT TENSE

 Formula: Sub+had+V3+Obj
 Positive: They had bought a new mobile.
 Negative: They hadn’t bought a new mobile.
 Question: had they buy a new mobile?

Examples

1. I had polished my shoes.

2. He had combed his hair.
3. She had fed her dog.
4. We had felt hungry.
5. They had fought with friends.
6. You had brought a book.
7. It had taken two minutes.

9. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

 Formula: Sub+will have+V3+Obj

 Positive: She will have sung a song.
 Negative: She won’t have sung a song.
 Question: will have she sing a song?

Examples

1. I will have polished my shoes.

2. He will have combed his hair.
3. She will have fed her dog.
4. We will have felt hungry.
5. They will have fought with friends.
6. You will have brought a book.
7. It will have taken two minutes.

10. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

 Formula: Sub+have/has+been+V1+Ing+Obj
 Positive: David has been losing weight.
 Negative: David hasn’t been losing weight.
 Question: has been David lose weight?

Examples

1. I have been polishing my shoes.

 2. He has been combing his hair.
3. She has been feeding her dog.
4. We have been feeling hungry.
5. They have been fighting with friends.
6. You have been bringing a book
7. It has been taking two minutes.

11. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

 Formula: Sub+had+been +V1+Ing+Obj

 Positive: He had been reading novels since morning.
 Negative: He had not been reading novels since morning.
 Question: had he been reading a novels since morning?

Examples

1. I had been polishing my shoes.

2. He had been combing his hair.
3. She had been feeding her dog.
4. We had been feeling hungry.
5. They had been fighting with friends.
6. You had been bringing a book.
7. It had been taking two minutes.

12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

 Formula: Sub+will have+been+V1+Ing+Obj

 Positive: He will have been driving a car at 6 am tomorrow.
 Negative: He will not have been driving a car at 6 am tomorrow.
 Question: will he have been driving a car at 6 am tomorrow?

Examples

1. I will have been polishing my shoes for three years.

2. He will have been combing his hair since March.
3. She will have been feeding her dog for three years.
4. We will have been feeling hungry for two hours.
5. They will have been fighting with friends for one year.
6. You will have been bringing a book since Sunday.
7. It will have been taking two minutes since 2022.
PRESENT TENSE

Simple Present Tense Examples

Below are some more simple present tense examples for every case/situation where
this tense is used.

Different Cases of Using

Example 1 Example 2
Simple Present Tense

She exercises at the gym We study English for two

Habits
three times a week. hours in the evening.
Water boils at 100 degrees The sun rises in the east
General Facts
Celsius. and sets in the west.
The movie starts at 7 pm
Near Future My exams end next week.
tonight.
Rohan studies in class
Present Time/Moment I live in Delhi.
ninth.
Exclamatory Sentences
starting with "here" and Here comes my brother. There goes the principal.
"there"
As the proverb goes, "Early
Shakespeare says, "All the to bed, early to rise, makes a
To Repeat a Quotation
world's a stage." man healthy, wealthy, and
wise."
To Express a Past Event She opens the mysterious
The king rides out of the
in a Narrative (Story- box and finds a treasure
castle with his knights.
telling) map inside.
Brush your teeth every Be careful when crossing
Imperative Sentences
morning. the street.
Time Line

Simple Present Tense Exercises

Let us see some present indefinite tense exercises below. You can use these practice
questions as simple present tense examples worksheets to practice later.

Examples:

1. I eat breakfast every morning.

(Describes a habitual action.)

2. She reads a book before bed.

(Describes a regular activity.)

3. They play soccer on weekends.

(Describes a routine action.)

4. He likes pizza.

(Describes a general fact or preference.)

5. We go to school at 8 AM.

(Describes a daily routine.)

Beginner Level
Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of suggested
helping verbs.
1. The mother …….. (cook) the food.
2. Rita …….. (call) me every morning.
3. She …….. (read) in tenth class.
4. The cat …… (kill) rats.
5. The sun …… (rise) in the east.

Answers:
1. cooks
2. calls
3. reads
4. Kills
5. rises

Intermediate Level

Examples:

1. I work at a tech company and usually finish my tasks by 5 PM.

(Describes a routine and general facts about work.)

2. She often visits her grandmother and helps her with gardening.

(Describes a frequent action and routine.)

3. They study English twice a week to improve their language skills.

(Describes a regular activity.)

4. He believes that exercise is important for a healthy lifestyle.

(Describes a general belief or opinion.)

 5. We travel to different countries for vacations every year.

(Describes a habitual activity.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of suggested
helping verbs.
1. The train …….. (depart) at 7 am tomorrow.
2. Sarah …….. (go) to yoga classes every day.
3. The gardener ……. (take care) of the plants
4. Here …….. (come) the train.
5. I go to …….. (play) every evening.

Answers:
1. Departs
2. Goes
3. takes care
4. Comes
5. play

Advanced Level

Examples

1. I analyze data and generate reports as part of my job responsibilities.

(Describes professional tasks and duties.)

2. She frequently participates in seminars to stay updated with industry

trends.

(Describes a common practice related to professional development.)

3. They regularly review project milestones to ensure deadlines are met.

(Describes a routine related to project management.)

4. He often discusses strategies with his team to improve overall

performance.
 (Describes a recurring professional activity.)

5. We generally assess market trends to make informed business decisions.

(Describes a habitual process in a business context.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of suggested
helping verbs.
1. …… (do/does) he ……… (play) tennis?
2. When …….. (do/does) the bus ……. (leave)?
3. We …….. (achieve) great things when we work together.
4. Most people ………. (believe) in the importance of education.
5. The children …….. (play) in the garden every afternoon after school.

Answers:
1. Does, play
2. Does, leave
3. achieve
4. believe
5. play
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Where is Present Continuous Tense Used?

The Present Continuous Tense is used across five major happenings. Each of them
has been explained below in the table for reference along with examples:
Use Case Scenario of Present
Examples
Continuous
 I am going to see the doctor.
Case 1: Actions happening right  We are ordering apple pie, do you want to try
now some?
 She is saying that she doesn’t like these clothes.
 She is cleaning the house today, as promised.
Case 2: Actions happening
 We are learning a new language.
around now
 I am watching FRIENDS for the last time now.
 She is sorting her wardrobe after that she can
go to the mall.
Case 3: Temporary actions
 I am going to the supermarket to buy some
happening now
cheese.
 They are exercising their right to vote.
 We are sitting on this project tomorrow for a
rejig.
Case 4: Future plans with specific  I am drinking this latte again tonight, it smells
arrangements divine.
 The day after tomorrow we are going on an
excursion from school.
 The voters are beginning to cast their votes at
the voting centre.
Case 5: Describing ongoing  The public is protesting over the law today in
events of importance different parts of Delhi.
 The global warming is increasing at an alarming
rate.
Time Line

Present Continuous Tense Exercises

Based on the present continuous examples and rules given above, practice these
sentences and check your performance.

Examples

1. I am eating breakfast now.

 (Describes an action happening at the moment of speaking.)

2. She is reading a book right now.

 (Describes an action currently in progress.)

3. They are playing in the park.

(Describes an ongoing action.)

4. He is watching TV at the moment.

 (Describes an activity happening right now.)

5. We are going to school today.

 (Describes an action currently happening or planned for today.)

Beginner
1. We __________ (eat) lunch right now.
2. She _______ (read) a book in the garden.
3. They _________ (listen in negative) to the music. (not paying attention right now)
4. ____ it ______ (rain) outside?
5. I _________ English from your teacher.
6. They ________ (run) a marathon at the club.
7. The sun _________ (set) beautifully.
8. ______ you ______ (wait) for the bus?
9. We _______ (clean) the house this afternoon.
10. My friend _______ (visit) me from another country.

Answers:
1. are having 2. is reading 3. are not listening 4. Is | raining 5. am learning
6. are running 7. is setting 8. Are | waiting 9. are cleaning 10. is visiting

Intermediate
Examples

1. I am currently working on a new project for my job.

(Describes an action in progress during the present time period.)

2. She is studying for her final exams this week.

(Describes an ongoing activity over a period of time.)

3. They are planning their vacation for the summer.

(Describes an ongoing action related to future plans.)

4. He is attending a workshop to improve his skills.

(Describes an action happening at the moment.)

5. We are exploring new restaurants in the city this month.

(Describes an activity currently in progress or planned for the month.)

1. We __________ (brainstorm) new ideas for the project deadline.
2. She __________ (feeling in negation) well, so she's skipping her workout today.
3. The delivery person _________ (bring) our groceries right now.
4. _______ you _______ (consider) a career change?
5. The local artist _______ (exhibit) her work at the gallery this month.
6. They _________ (argue) again! It seems like a daily occurrence.
7. I ________ (improve) my French with daily practice.
8. What ______ you _______ (work) on this weekend?
9. The new restaurant down the street ________ (get) good reviews.
10. We ________ (rely - negation) solely on luck; we're putting in the hard work.

Answers:
1. We're / are 2. She's / is not 3. is 4. Are |
5. is exhibiting
brainstorming feeling bringing considering
6. They're / are 7. I'm / am 8. Are | 10. We're / are
9. is getting
arguing improving working not relying

Advanced

Examples

1. I am analyzing market trends to develop new strategies for the upcoming

quarter.

(Describes a detailed ongoing activity related to professional work.)

2. She is working on multiple projects simultaneously to meet her

deadlines.

(Describes complex ongoing tasks.)

3. They are negotiating the terms of a contract while considering various

factors.

(Describes an intricate, ongoing process.)

4. He is collaborating with international teams to enhance global outreach

efforts.

(Describes an advanced, ongoing professional activity.)

5. We are restructuring our business model to adapt to the changing

market conditions.
 (Describes a significant ongoing change or development.)

1. Our we _________ (research) on a groundbreaking experiment that will bring a

big revolution in the field.
2. As the deadline ___________ (approach), managers
__________ (motivate) everyone in their teams to work harder.
3. The government __________ (facing) increasing pressure to address the climate
crisis.
4. The negotiation process ________ (prove) to be more complex than anticipated.
5. The family reunion ________ (take) place next month in Hawaii.
6. ______ (be) we _______ (witness) a paradigm shift in the way we approach
education?
7. Despite the criticism, the company ________ (hold) firm to its controversial
decision.
8. ______ (be) you ________ (consider) a career change, or are you happy in your
current position?
9. These days _______ (be - negation) everyone _______ (use) their phones
aimlessly?
10. Public opinion _________ (lean) towards stricter regulations on social media.

Answers:
1. are 2. is approaching | are 4. is
3. is facing 5. is taking
researching motivating proving
6. Are | 8. Are | 9. isn’t | 10. is
7. is holding
witnessing considering using leaning
PRESENT PERFECT

Use of Present Perfect Tense

Situations Present Perfect Tense Sentences

 I have completed my graduation from

Mumbai University. (Studied in Past and
Educated today)
Action Begins in Past but Affects You in  I have eaten breakfast in the morning, so I
Present am full. (Ate something in the morning
and do not want to eat something in
the present)
 I have adopted a cat and she is my only
pet. (Adopted a cat in past)
 I have eaten pizza this week.
Action Completed With Undefined  Ram has visited Tamil Nadu
Timing
(In both cases, time is undefined but the
main focus is on “Eat” and “Visit”).
 I have just finished reading that book.
 I have just reached Delhi
Timing Based (Here, we added “Just” to show that actions
happened recently. Present perfect tense
won’t work with “Yesterday”, “Last week”
or previous year.)
Time Line

Present Perfect Tense Example in Interview:

Hi, My name is XYZ. I have studied at the University of Oxford, which is one of
the top universities in the world. I have volunteered at local NGOs to help street
animals. It has helped me to improve my communication. I have learnt several new
skills in my student days that is helping me to overcome my fears.

Some More Examples

 Beginner Level- I have eaten.
 Intermediate Level- I have eaten too much cake.
 Advanced Level- I have eaten too much cake and now I am facing issues.

In the first sentence, the incident happened recently but in the second sentence, the
incident happened last week. According to the Present Perfect Rules, we can’t
use “Yesterday”, “Last week” or the previous year.
Difference Between Present Perfect Tense and Simple Past Tense
Many students with weak English grammar get confused between Present Perfect
and Simple Past Tense. This confusion can lead to mistakes and you can lose some
scores in English proficiency tests. Well, understanding the basic difference between
these two tenses can help you avoid these errors.

Simple Past Tense Present Perfect Tense

The simple past tense

focuses on completed In the present perfect
actions in the past. You can tense, the action begins in
easily identify these past but is still ongoing or
Definition
sentences by looking for impacting the present.
time markers, such as
yesterday, last week, or
specific dates.

I played football last night. I have played football for 5

For Example (Here action completed in years. (Action begins in
past). past and is still ongoing).

Beginner-Level

Examples

1. I have finished my homework.

(Describes a completed action with relevance to the present.)

2. She has visited the museum.

(Indicates an experience that occurred at some unspecified time in the past.)

3. They have played soccer.

(Shows an action that has occurred at some point before now.)

4. He has eaten breakfast already.

(Describes an action that was completed before the present moment.)

5. We have gone to the new park.

(Describes a past experience relevant to the present.)

In these 10 Sentences of Present Perfect Tense, you have to fill in Has/Have in one
place and the verb in the second place.
1. I ___________ _________lunch in the new restaurant in our city (third form of “EAT”).
2. Rohan_____ ____ the stadium yet but we are going today. (third form of “VISIT”).
3. ________ you ever_______ Shushi? (third form of “EAT”).
4. _______ she _____ football in ground? (third form of “PLAY”).
5. Kamal _____ ______ his keys. (third form of “LOSE”).
6. _______ Rohit ______ the world cup yet? (third form of “WIN”)
7. I _______, _____ my work. (third form of “FINISH”)
8. ______ she _____ football? (third form of “PLAY”)
9. We _____, ______ that movie yet. (third form of "WATCH").
10. He ____, ______ three novels so far. (third form of "WRITE")

Answers
1. Have, Eaten 2. Has, Visited 3. Have, Eaten

4. Has, Played 5. Has, Lost 6. Haven’t, Won

7. Have not, Finished 8. Has, Played 9. Hasn't, Watched

10. Has, Written

Intermediate Level
1. I have woken up early every day this week. (habit)
2. We have already made breakfast. (recent completion)
3. I have just finished reading that book. (very recent action)
4. You have just started learning a new language. (very recent action)
5. She has lived in this city for ten years. (duration)

Fill in the Blanks: Intermediate Level

1. We _______ not _______ where to go on vacation yet. (Third form of "Decide")
2. My parents ______ _______ each other. (Third Form of "Know").
3. ____ you ever ______ a bone? (Third Form of "Break")
4. They _____ _____ the lottery! (Third Form of "Win")
5. I ______ just _____ home from work (Third Form of "Arrive")
Answers
1. Have, Decided 2. Have, Known 3. Have, Broken

4. Have, Won 5. Have, Arrived

Advance Level
1. We haven't seen each other since graduation. (Experiences)
2. Scientists have discovered a new form of sustainable energy. (Completed
Actions)
3. The company has just released its newest product line. (Completed Actions)
4. I have travelled extensively throughout Asia. (Experiences)
5. She has graduated from medical school with top honours. (Achievement)

Fill in the Blanks: Advance Level

1. I _____ just ______ watching that documentary. (Third Form of "Finish")
2. She _____ never even ______ skydiving. (Third Form of "Try")
3. She ______ not ______ to her family in over a year. (Third Form of "Speak")
4. She _______ ______ you earlier, and I'm sure. (Third Form of "See")
5. We _____ both _________ extensively but to different regions. (Third Form of
"Travel")

Answers
1. Have, Finished 2. Has, Tried 3. Has, Spoken

4. Has, Seen 5. Have, Travelled

Present Perfect Continuous
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Use of Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Now, let’s understand how to use the present perfect continuous tense formula in
different situations. Below, we have mentioned a table that will simplify the uses of
this tense. We have added a few example sentences to help you.

Situations Use of Perfect Continuous Tense

 I have been preparing for the IELTS

exam. (Preparation is still going on.)
Focuses Ongoing action  You have not been teaching me
properly since last week. (Teaching
technique isn’t proper).
 You have been applying to get admission
to top universities in the world for
Action Repeating years. (You are still applying).
 It has been raining since last week. (The
rain started last week. )
 I am so tired, we have been playing all
Action Finished in Recent Time and day.
effecting present. (The game is stopped and players are tired)

Some More Examples

 I have been eating too much pasta.
 Dhoni has been playing cricket since 2005.
 IPL has been gaining
 We have been planning to buy a car.
 You have been planning to go on a vacation.
Time Line

Use of For and Since

We use for and since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense, so you must understand
the differences.

Use “For” With Use “Since” With

Hours 11:00 AM (Specific Time)

Days Monday (Day of Weeks)

Weeks March (Date of Month)

Months 2010 (Year)

Years -

Ever -

Examples of For and Since

 She has been working on the article since this morning.
 I have been working on this article for weeks.
 We have been playing football since 5:00 PM.
 You have been trying to get admission to Oxford University for years.
 India has been losing World Cup tournaments for years.
EXERCISES
Examples

Beginner Level

1. I have eaten lunch.

o (Describes a completed action relevant to the present.)

2. She has visited the zoo.

o (Indicates an experience that occurred at some unspecified time.)

3. They have finished their homework.

o (Describes an action completed before the present moment.)

4. He has gone to the store.

o (Indicates a past action with present relevance.)

5. We have seen that movie.

o (Describes an experience that affects the present.)

Fill in the Blanks- Beginner-Level

1. Ram ________ (think) about his new house.
2. Rohan _________ (Plan) to get a new car.
3. We_______ (discuss) the plan of action for the next meeting.
4. Kanishk ______ (prepare) for his wedding for years.
5. He _________ (read) newspaper since morning.
6. She _________ (present) her new project.
7. They _________ (listen) to the music.
8. Chandra_________ (read) the new research paper.
9. Students __________ (wait) for teachers since 2023.
10. She _________ (cook) delicious for years.

Answers:

1. Has Been, Thinking 2.Has Been, Planning 3. Have Been, discus

 6. Has Been, Presenting 7. Have Been, Listening 8. Have Been, readin

Intermediate Level Examples

1. The government has been working for the betterment of people since 2019.
2. Scientists have been exploring Mars since 2008.
3. People have been facing the effects of global warming for years.
4. The author has been revising his manuscript for weeks.
5. India has been developing since 1947.

Fill in the Blanks

1. We _________ (Plan) to get a new car ____ 2019.
2. We_______ (discuss) the plan of action for the next meeting _____ last Monday.
3. Rohit ______ (practice) to play the next match _____ hours.
4. He _________ (design) a newspaper _____ morning.
5. The team of scientists _________ (work) to find a new vaccine _____ months.
6. Racers ________ (tune) their cars _______ weeks.
7. Students __________ (wait) for teachers ______ 2023.
8. She _________ (cook) delicious _____ years.

Answers:
1. Have Been, 2. Have Been, 3. Has Been, 4. Has Been,
Planning, Since Discussing, Since Practicing, For Designing, Since
5. Have Been, 6. Have Been, 7. Have Been, 8. Have Been,
Working, For Tunning, For Waiting, Since Cooking, For

Advanced Level
Advanced Level

1. I have been studying for my master's degree, which has broadened my

understanding of the field.
o (Describes an ongoing action with present effects.)
 2. She has published numerous articles, enhancing her reputation in the
industry.
o (Highlights achievements and their impact on the present.)

3. They have launched a new product line and have seen increased sales.
o (Describes significant past actions with current relevance.)

4. He has been developing a new strategy and has already implemented key
changes.
o (Shows ongoing efforts with outcomes affecting the present.)

5. We have reorganized our team to improve efficiency, and the results

have been promising.
o (Describes complex past actions with direct effects on the present
situation.)

EXERCISES

1. Many scientific breakthroughs ______ (revolutionize) the field of medicine over

the past decade.

2. The board of directors ______ (approve) the new strategic plan, leading to
major organizational changes.

3. Several countries ______ (implement) new environmental regulations to

combat climate change.

4. The author ______ (gain) international acclaim for her latest novel, which has
been translated into multiple languages.
5. Researchers ______ (discover) new insights into the human genome that could
lead to groundbreaking treatments.

Answers:

Have revolutionized

Have Approved

Have implemented

Has gained

Have discovered
PAST TENSE

Use of Simple Past Tense

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions - I visited Paris last summer. <br> - We watched that
completed at a specific movie yesterday. <br> - She finished her homework
time in the past two hours ago.
Case 2: Actions that - He entered the room, turned on the light, and sat
happened one after down. <br> - They ate breakfast and then went for a
another walk. <br> - I read a book and later wrote a report.
Case 3: Actions that - When I was a child, I played outside every day. <br>
were habitual in the - They often went to the beach during their vacations.
past <br> - She visited her grandparents every summer.
Case 4: Past states or - I was tired after the long journey. <br> - They were
conditions excited about their new home. <br> - She felt happy
with her new job.
Case 5: Actions - I was reading a book when the phone rang. <br> -
interrupted by another They were having dinner when the power went out.
action in the past <br> - She was studying when her friend called.

Examples

 I visited my grandparents last summer.

 (Describes an action completed at a specific time in the past.)

 She finished her homework before dinner.

 (Describes an action that was completed before another past event.)

 They watched a movie on Friday night.

 (Describes an action that happened at a specific time in the past.)

 He played football with his friends after school.

  (Describes a habitual action in the past.)

 The company launched a new product last year.

 (Describes an action that was completed at a specific time in the past.)

Time Line:

Simple Past Tense Exercise - Beginner Level

Examples

 I walked to the park yesterday.

 (Simple past action completed at a specific time.)

 She visited her aunt last weekend.

 (Describes a past event at a specific time.)

 They watched TV in the evening.

 (Describes a specific past action.)

 He cooked dinner last night.

 (Action completed at a particular time in the past.)

 We played soccer after school.

 (Describes a past event that happened regularly.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. The mother …….. (cook) the food last night.

2. Rita …….. (call) me yesterday morning.
3. She …….. (read) the book last week.
4. The cat …… (catch) a mouse.
5. The sun …… (set) at 6 pm yesterday.

Answers:

 Cooked
 called
 Read
 Caught
 Set

Simple Past Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

Examples

 I completed the project before the deadline.

 (Describes an action that was finished before another past event.)

 She traveled to Italy last summer and explored Rome.

 (Describes two past events occurring one after another.)

 They studied hard for the exams and then went out to celebrate.

 (Describes a sequence of actions in the past.)

 He had never seen that movie until last week.

  (Describes a past experience with a specific event.)

 We visited several museums during our trip to New York.

 (Describes a series of past activities.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. The train …….. (depart) at 7 am yesterday.

2. Sarah …….. (go) to yoga classes last year.
3. The gardener ……. (water) the plants yesterday.
4. He …….. (come) to the party last night.
5. I …….. (play) in the park yesterday evening.

Answers:

 Departed
 Went
 Watered
 Came
 Played

Simple Past Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

Examples:

 I had finished reading the book by the time the meeting started.

 (Describes a past action completed before another past event.)

 She had been working on the report for weeks before she submitted it.

 (Describes an ongoing past action completed before another event.)

 They had already left for the airport when the storm began.

 (Describes an action that was completed before another event in the past.)
 He was excited because he had just received an acceptance letter from the
university.

 (Describes a past emotional state resulting from a completed action.)

 We had been planning the event for months, so everything went smoothly.

 (Describes the duration of a past action up to a certain point in the past.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. …… (did) he ……… (play) tennis last weekend?

2. When …….. (did) the bus ……. (leave) yesterday?
3. We …….. (achieve) our goals last year.
4. Most people ………. (believe) the story until they learned the truth.
5. The children …….. (play) in the garden yesterday afternoon.

Answers:

1. Did, play
2. Did, leave
3. achieved
4. believed
5. played

Past Continuous

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions - I was watching TV at 8 pm last night. <br> - They
happening at a specific were playing football when it started to rain. <br> -
time in the past She was cooking dinner at 6 o'clock.
Case 2: Actions that - I was reading a book when the doorbell rang. <br> -
were in progress when They were walking to the store while it was snowing.
another action occurred <br> - She was studying when her friends arrived.
Case 3: Actions - He was talking on the phone while she was typing
 happening on the computer. <br> - The kids were playing
simultaneously in the outside as their parents were preparing dinner. <br> -
past I was listening to music while doing my homework.
Case 4: Descriptions of - The sun was setting, and the birds were singing as
scenes or background we walked through the park. <br> - It was raining
actions in the past heavily, and the streets were empty. <br> - The old
house was falling apart, and the wind was howling
through the broken windows.
Case 5: Polite inquiries - I was wondering if you were coming to the party last
about past actions weekend. <br> - Were you considering moving to a
new city? <br> - I was curious if they were working on
the project when we left.

These examples illustrate how the Past Continuous Tense is used to describe
ongoing actions at specific past times, actions in progress when something else
happened, simultaneous actions in the past, background scenes, and polite inquiries
about past events.

Time Line

Past Continuous Tense Exercise - Beginner Level

Beginner Level

1. I was eating dinner when the phone rang.

o (Describes an ongoing action interrupted by another past event.)

2. She was watching TV last night.

o (Describes an action that was happening at a specific time in the past.)

3. They were playing soccer in the park.

o (Describes an activity that was ongoing in the past.)

4. He was studying for his exam yesterday.

o (Describes an action that was taking place over a period of time.)

5. We were walking to school when it started to rain.

o (Describes a past action interrupted by another event.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. The mother …….. (cook) the food when I arrived.

2. Rita …….. (call) me while I was driving.

3. She …….. (read) a book when the phone rang.

4. The cat …… (chase) a mouse all afternoon.

5. The sun …… (set) as we reached the beach.

Answers

1. was cooking
2. was calling
3. was reading
4. was chasing
5. was setting

Past Continuous Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

 I was reading a fascinating book while she was cooking dinner.

  (Describes two simultaneous actions in the past.)

 She was working on her thesis when the power went out.

 (Describes an ongoing action interrupted by another past event.)

 They were discussing the project details when I joined the meeting.

 (Describes a past conversation in progress when another event occurred.)

 He was playing the piano when I visited his house.

 (Describes a past activity happening at a specific time.)

 We were exploring the city while they were attending the conference.

 (Describes two simultaneous actions in the past.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. The train …….. (leave) the station when I arrived.

2. Sarah …….. (go) to yoga classes while studying for exams.

3. The gardener ……. (water) the plants when it started raining.

4. We …….. (listen) to music when the power went out.

5. I …….. (play) with my friends when my mom called me inside.

Answers

1. was leaving
2. was going
3. was watering
4. were listening
5. was playing

Past Continuous Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

Advanced Level

1. I was analyzing data for the report when my computer crashed

unexpectedly.
o (Describes an ongoing professional activity interrupted by an
unexpected event.)

2. She was presenting her findings to the team when the fire alarm went
off.
o (Describes an important past action interrupted by another event.)

3. They were negotiating the contract terms when a new offer came in.
o (Describes a complex ongoing action interrupted by another event.)

4. He was drafting a proposal for the new client while responding to urgent
emails.
o (Describes two simultaneous and complex professional actions.)

5. We were reviewing the quarterly results when we realized a critical error

in the data.
o (Describes an ongoing action in the past interrupted by the discovery
of an error.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. …… (was/were) they ……… (play) tennis when it started to rain?

2. What …….. (was) she ……. (do) when you saw her?

3. We …….. (work) on the project all night.

4. Most people ………. (sleep) when the earthquake struck.

5. The children …….. (play) in the garden when it started to rain.

Answers

1. Were, playing
2. was, doing
3. were working
4. were sleeping
5. were playing
Past Perfect

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions completed - I had already eaten dinner when they arrived.
before a specific point in <br> - She had finished her homework before the
the past movie started. <br> - By the time the meeting
began, we had sent out all the invitations.
Case 2: Actions completed - He had left the office before I got there. <br> -
before another past action They had finished their presentation before the
boss arrived. <br> - She had packed her bags
before the taxi came.
Case 3: Showing cause and - She was tired because she had stayed up late the
effect in the past previous night. <br> - The garden was lush because
they had been watering it regularly. <br> - He was
unhappy because he had missed his flight.
Case 4: Describing past - I had visited that museum before it was renovated.
experiences or events that <br> - By the time we got to the party, everyone
were completed before a had already left. <br> - They had traveled to several
reference time countries before settling down.
Case 5: Actions that were - I had hoped to finish the project before the
anticipated but not deadline, but I couldn’t. <br> - They had planned to
realized go hiking, but it rained all weekend. <br> - She had
expected to get the promotion, but it was given to
someone else.

These examples highlight how the Past Perfect Tense is used to describe actions that
were completed before a specific point in the past, actions completed before another
past action, cause and effect in the past, past experiences or events completed
before a reference time, and anticipated actions that did not happen.

Time Line
Past Perfect Tense Exercise - Beginner Level

Beginner Level

1. I had eaten dinner before the movie started.

o (Describes an action completed before another past event.)

2. She had finished her homework before going to bed.

o (Indicates a completed action prior to another past action.)

3. They had left the party when we arrived.

o (Describes an action that was completed before another action.)

4. He had visited Paris before he moved to London.

o (Shows an action completed before another past event.)

5. We had already packed our bags when the taxi arrived.

o (Describes an action completed prior to another event.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. The mother …….. (cook) the food before we arrived.

2. Rita …….. (call) me by the time I left the office.
3. She …….. (read) the book before the class started.
4. The cat …… (catch) a mouse before I entered the room.
5. The sun …… (set) by the time we reached the hotel.

Answers

1. had cooked
2. had called
3. had read
4. had caught
 5. had set

Past Perfect Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

 I had learned some Spanish before I traveled to Mexico.

 (Describes a preparation completed before another event.)

 She had saved enough money to buy a car before the prices increased.

 (Indicates an action completed before a change occurred.)

 They had planned their vacation itinerary before booking the flights.

 (Shows planning completed before taking action.)

 He had never seen a play until he went to New York.

 (Describes a lack of experience before a particular event.)

 We had discussed the details extensively before making a decision.

 (Indicates a thorough action completed before a subsequent one.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. The train …….. (depart) before we got to the station.

2. Sarah …….. (finish) her yoga class before the rain started.
3. The gardener ……. (water) the plants before it started to rain.
4. He …….. (leave) the party before I arrived.
5. I …….. (complete) my homework before dinner.

Answers

1. had departed
2. had finished
3. had watered
4. had left
5. had completed
Past Perfect Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

 I had been working on the report for hours before I realized I needed more
data.

 (Describes an ongoing past action completed before another realization.)

 She had completed her thesis and submitted it before the deadline was
extended.

 (Highlights completion before an unexpected change.)

 They had negotiated the contract terms thoroughly before finalizing the
agreement.

 (Describes detailed actions completed before finalization.)

 He had developed a detailed plan before the unexpected changes in the

market occurred.

 (Describes preparation completed before unforeseen events.)

 We had prepared the presentation, anticipating all possible questions, before

meeting the clients.

 (Describes extensive preparation completed before a specific event.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. …… (had) he ……… (play) tennis before joining the club?

2. When I got to the bus stop, the bus …….. (leave).

3. We …….. (achieve) our goals before the end of the year.

4. Most people ………. (leave) by the time the speech ended.

5. The children …….. (finish) their game when it started to rain.

Answers

1. Had, played
2. had left
 3. had achieved
4. had left
5. had finished

Past Perfect Continuous

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions that - I had been studying for three hours when she called.
were ongoing up to a <br> - They had been waiting for the bus for half an
specific point in the hour before it arrived. <br> - She had been working on
past the project until late at night.
Case 2: Actions that - He had been jogging in the park when it started
were ongoing when raining. <br> - They had been discussing the plan when
another past action the meeting ended. <br> - She had been cooking
occurred dinner when the power went out.
Case 3: Emphasizing - I had been reading that book for months before I
the duration of an finished it. <br> - They had been traveling for a year
activity before another before settling down. <br> - She had been practicing
action the piano for years before she gave her first recital.
Case 4: Showing cause - He was exhausted because he had been running all
and effect related to day. <br> - She was sunburned because she had been
an ongoing action lying in the sun for too long. <br> - They were familiar
with the area because they had been exploring it for
months.
Case 5: Describing a - The sun had been setting, and the sky was turning
background activity in orange as we walked along the beach. <br> - The
past narratives children had been playing loudly, which made it difficult
to concentrate. <br> - She had been writing letters to
her friend while they were on vacation.

These examples illustrate how the Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to describe
ongoing actions up to a specific past point, actions in progress when another past
event occurred, the duration of activities before another action, cause and effect
related to ongoing past activities, and background activities in past narratives.

Time Line
Past Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise - Beginner Level

Beginner Level

1. I had been studying for hours when my friend called.

o (Describes an ongoing action in the past before another event.)

2. She had been working at the company for two years before she got
promoted.
o (Indicates a duration of activity before a specific event.)

3. They had been playing soccer for an hour when it started to rain.
o (Describes an ongoing activity interrupted by another event.)

4. He had been reading a book all afternoon before he fell asleep.

o (Shows an action that was ongoing before it ended.)

5. We had been waiting for the bus for a long time before it finally arrived.
o (Describes a duration of waiting before another event.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. The mother …….. (cook) the food for an hour before we arrived.

2. Rita …….. (call) me repeatedly before I finally answered.

 3. She …….. (read) the book for weeks before she finished it.

4. The cat …… (chase) a mouse for ten minutes before catching it.

5. The sun …… (shine) all morning before the clouds came.

Answers

1. had been cooking

2. had been calling
3. had been reading
4. had been chasing
5. had been shining

Past Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

Intermediate Level

1. I had been working on my thesis for months before I finally submitted it.
o (Describes a prolonged action completed before a final action.)

2. She had been traveling around Europe before she decided to settle in
Paris.
o (Indicates an ongoing activity before a decision was made.)

3. They had been practicing for weeks before their big performance.
o (Describes preparation over time before an event.)

4. He had been learning French before he moved to France.

o (Shows a continued effort before a related event.)

5. We had been discussing the project for days before reaching a consensus.
o (Indicates a continuous discussion before an agreement.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. The train …….. (delay) for hours before it finally departed.

2. Sarah …….. (practice) yoga every morning before she moved.
3. The gardener ……. (work) in the garden for hours before it started raining.
4. We …….. (listen) to that song on repeat for days before getting tired of it.
5. I …….. (play) with my friends all afternoon before dinner.
Answers

1. had been delayed

2. had been practicing
3. had been working
4. had been listening
5. had been playing

Past Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

Advanced Level

1. I had been analyzing the data for several days before discovering the
underlying trend.
o (Describes a detailed, ongoing activity before a significant finding.)

2. She had been negotiating the terms of the deal tirelessly before finally
closing it.
o (Highlights persistent effort leading to a conclusion.)

3. They had been developing new marketing strategies before the

competition launched their campaign.
o (Describes ongoing development preceding a competitor's action.)

4. He had been drafting a comprehensive proposal before the client

requested changes.
o (Shows ongoing preparation before new demands were made.)

5. We had been exploring various solutions to the problem before

implementing the final one.
o (Describes a continuous exploration of options before action.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. …… (had) they ……… (play) tennis for long before it started raining?

2. How long …….. (had) she ……. (work) there before she got promoted?

3. We …….. (wait) for hours before the bus finally arrived.

4. Most people ………. (study) for months before the exam was postponed.

5. The children …….. (play) in the garden all day before it started to rain.
Answers

1. Had, been playing

2. had, been working
3. had been waiting
4. had been studying
5. had been playing

FUTURE TENSE

Simple Future

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions that will - I will meet you at 3 PM tomorrow. <br> - They will
happen at a specific time arrive at the airport at noon. <br> - She will finish
in the future the report by Friday.
Case 2: Predictions or - The weather will be sunny tomorrow. <br> - He
forecasts about the future will probably get the job offer. <br> - The company
will likely launch the new product next month.
Case 3: Promises or offers - I will help you with your homework. <br> - She
will call you later today. <br> - We will take care of
the arrangements.
Case 4: Plans or intentions - I will start my new job next week. <br> - They will
go on vacation this summer. <br> - She will join the
gym next month.
Case 5: Spontaneous - I will answer the phone. <br> - We will have
decisions or actions dinner at that new restaurant tonight. <br> - I will
check the emails now.

These examples illustrate how the Simple Future Tense is used to describe actions
that will occur at a specific future time, make predictions, express promises or offers,
outline plans or intentions, and indicate spontaneous decisions.

Time Line
Simple Future Tense Exercise - Beginner Level

Beginner Level

1. I will eat breakfast tomorrow.

o (Describes a planned action in the future.)

2. She will visit her grandmother next week.

o (Indicates a future action.)

3. They will play soccer on Saturday.

o (Describes a scheduled activity.)

4. He will watch TV tonight.

o (Indicates a future activity.)

5. We will go to the park later.

o (Describes a planned visit.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. The mother …….. (cook) the food tomorrow.

2. Rita …….. (call) me later today.

3. She …….. (read) the book next week.

 4. The cat …… (chase) the mouse if it sees one.

5. The sun …… (rise) at 6 am tomorrow.

Answers

1. will cook
2. will call
3. will read
4. will chase
5. will rise

Simple Future Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

Intermediate Level

1. I will complete the project by the end of the month.

o (Indicates a future deadline for an action.)

2. She will join the team once the paperwork is finalized.

o (Describes a future action contingent on another event.)

3. They will start the meeting as soon as everyone arrives.

o (Indicates a future action dependent on a condition.)

4. He will travel to Japan for business next year.

o (Describes a planned future trip.)

5. We will organize a workshop to train new employees.

o (Indicates a future event with a specific purpose.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. The train …….. (depart) at 7 am tomorrow.

2. Sarah …….. (go) to yoga classes next month.

3. The gardener ……. (plant) new flowers next week.

4. We …….. (have) a meeting on Monday.

5. I …….. (play) soccer with my friends tomorrow.

Answers

1. will depart
2. will go
3. will plant
4. will have
5. will play

Simple Future Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

 I will conduct a thorough analysis of the data before presenting my findings

to the board.

 (Describes a planned future task with a sequence of actions.)

 She will spearhead the marketing campaign to increase brand awareness in

emerging markets.

 (Indicates a future responsibility with a strategic objective.)

 They will negotiate new contracts to secure better terms for the upcoming
fiscal year.

 (Describes a complex future activity aimed at achieving a goal.)

 He will launch an innovative product line to capture a larger market share.

 (Indicates a future initiative with a specific business aim.)

 We will implement new technologies to enhance operational efficiency

across all departments.

 (Describes a planned future action with an organizational impact.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. …… (will) he ……… (join) the tennis club next season?

2. When …….. (will) the bus ……. (arrive)?

3. We …….. (achieve) our goals by the end of the year.

 4. Most people ………. (support) the new policy once they understand it.

5. The children …….. (play) outside after school tomorrow.

Answers

1. Will, join
2. will, arrive
3. will achieve
4. will support
5. will play

Future Continuous

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions that will - I will have finished my report by the end of the day.
be completed before a <br> - They will have completed the project before
specific point in the the deadline. <br> - She will have cooked dinner by
future the time you arrive.
Case 2: Actions that will - By next week, I will have moved into my new
be completed before apartment before you visit. <br> - They will have left
another future event for their vacation before the meeting starts. <br> -
She will have finished reading the book before the
discussion group.
Case 3: Describing - By the time we reach the concert, the band will have
future events in relation already started playing. <br> - By 2025, scientists will
to a specific future time have made significant advances in medicine. <br> -
By the end of this year, I will have saved enough
money for a new car.
Case 4: Showing cause - They will have improved their skills by the time they
and effect related to start their new job. <br> - He will have gained enough
future plans experience to apply for the promotion. <br> - We will
have completed the renovation by the time the guests
arrive.
Case 5: Speculations - She will have probably already left for the airport.
about completed future <br> - They will have likely finished their exam by
actions now. <br> - The package will have arrived by the time
you get home.

These examples illustrate how the Future Perfect Tense is used to describe actions
that will be completed before a specific future time, actions completed before
another future event, future events in relation to a specific future time, future cause
and effect, and speculations about completed future actions.
Time Line

Future Continuous Tense Exercise - Beginner Level

 I will be eating dinner at 7 PM.

 (Describes an action that will be ongoing at a specific future time.)

 She will be studying for her exams tomorrow afternoon.

 (Indicates an ongoing activity in the future.)

 They will be playing soccer this weekend.

 (Describes a future activity that will be in progress.)

 He will be watching TV when you arrive.

 (Indicates an ongoing action at a particular future time.)

 We will be walking to the park later today.

 (Describes a future action in progress.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.
 1. The mother …….. (cook) the food when you arrive.

2. Rita …….. (call) me at 5 pm today.

3. She …….. (read) her book this evening.

4. The cat …… (chase) the mouse if it comes out.

5. The sun …… (shine) all day tomorrow.

Answers

1. will be cooking
2. will be calling
3. will be reading
4. will be chasing
5. will be shining

Future Continuous Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

 I will be working on the report when the meeting starts.

 (Describes an action that will be ongoing at the start of another future event.)

 She will be traveling to London next week for a conference.

 (Indicates a future trip that will be in progress.)

 They will be renovating their house over the summer.

 (Describes a long-term activity that will be ongoing in the future.)

 He will be driving to the airport while we are having breakfast.

 (Indicates simultaneous actions in the future.)

 We will be attending a workshop during the conference.

 (Describes a future event that will be in progress.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. The train …….. (depart) when we reach the station.

 2. Sarah …….. (go) to yoga classes every morning next month.

3. The gardener ……. (water) the plants in the afternoon.

4. We …….. (have) dinner when you call.

5. I …….. (play) soccer with my friends at this time tomorrow.

Answers

1. will be departing
2. will be going
3. will be watering
4. will be having
5. will be playing

Future Continuous Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

 I will be conducting interviews with potential candidates throughout the day

tomorrow.

 (Describes an extended, ongoing activity in the future.)

 She will be leading the development team in implementing new software solutions
next quarter.

 (Indicates a future leadership role with ongoing responsibilities.)

 They will be negotiating with international partners to finalize the contract by the
end of the month.

 (Describes an ongoing future activity aimed at a specific outcome.)

 He will be managing multiple projects simultaneously, ensuring all deadlines are

met.

 (Indicates a future scenario involving complex, concurrent actions.)

 We will be monitoring market trends closely to adapt our strategies effectively.

 (Describes a continuous future action with a strategic purpose.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. …… (will) he ……… (work) on his project all night?

2. What …….. (will) you ……. (do) when she arrives?

3. We …….. (travel) to New York next week at this time.

4. Most people ………. (watch) the football game this weekend.

5. The children …….. (play) outside all afternoon.

Answers

1. Will, be working
2. will, be doing
3. will be traveling
4. will be watching
5. will be playing

Future Perfect

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions that will - I will be studying at 8 PM tonight. <br> - They will
be in progress at a be traveling to Paris at this time next week. <br> -
specific time in the future She will be cooking dinner when you arrive.
Case 2: Actions that will - We will be watching the movie while you are at the
be ongoing during a party. <br> - He will be working on the project while
future event they are on vacation. <br> - She will be presenting
her research while the committee is reviewing it.
Case 3: Predictions about - The weather will be getting warmer as spring
ongoing future actions approaches. <br> - They will be making progress on
their goals by the end of the year. <br> - She will be
continuing her studies at the university.
Case 4: Polite inquiries - Will you be joining us for dinner tomorrow? <br> -
about future plans or Will he be attending the meeting next week? <br> -
arrangements Will they be coming to the event?
Case 5: Emphasizing the - By next month, I will have been working here for
 duration of an action in five years. <br> - They will be discussing the
the future proposal for several hours. <br> - She will be
studying for her exams throughout the weekend.

These examples highlight how the Future Continuous Tense is used to describe
actions that will be in progress at a specific future time, actions ongoing during
another future event, predictions about ongoing future actions, polite inquiries about
future plans, and to emphasize the duration of an action in the future.

Time Line

Future Perfect Tense Exercise - Beginner Level

Beginner Level

1. I will have finished my homework by 8 PM.

o (Describes an action that will be completed before a specific time in the
future.)

2. She will have visited her grandparents by next weekend.

o (Indicates a future action that will be completed before a certain point.)

3. They will have eaten dinner by the time the movie starts.
o (Describes an action that will be completed before another future
event.)

4. He will have cleaned his room before his friends arrive.

 o (Indicates a completed action before a subsequent event.)

5. We will have packed our bags by tomorrow morning.

o (Describes a future action that will be completed by a specified time.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. The mother …….. (cook) the food by the time you arrive.
Answer: will have cooked
2. Rita …….. (call) me before dinner.
Answer: will have called
3. She …….. (finish) her book by tomorrow.
Answer: will have finished
4. The cat …… (catch) the mouse by nightfall.
Answer: will have caught
5. The sun …… (set) by 7 pm.
Answer: will have set

Answers

1. will have cooked

2. will have called
3. will have finished
4. will have caught
5. will have set

Future Perfect Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

 I will have completed the project by the deadline next month.

 (Describes a task that will be finished before a future deadline.)

 She will have read all the assigned books by the end of the semester.

 (Indicates a series of actions completed before a future time.)

 They will have moved to their new house before the school year begins.

 (Describes an action completed before another future event.)

 He will have saved enough money for his vacation by the end of the year.

 (Indicates a future achievement completed before a specific time.)

 We will have completed our training before the new system is implemented.

 (Describes a preparation that will be finished before another event.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. The train …….. (depart) before we get to the station.

2. Sarah …….. (complete) her yoga training by next month.

3. The gardener ……. (plant) all the flowers by noon.

4. We …….. (finish) our meeting by lunchtime.

5. I …….. (write) my report by the end of the day.

Answers

1. will have departed

2. will have completed
3. will have planted
4. will have finished
5. will have written

Future Perfect Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

 I will have gathered all the necessary data and submitted my report before
the committee meeting.

 (Describes a complex task completed before a future event.)

 She will have finalized the marketing strategy and launched the campaign by
the start of the quarter.

 (Indicates multiple actions completed before a specific future period.)

 They will have conducted a thorough analysis of the market and developed
new strategies before their competitors can react.
  (Describes strategic actions completed before another event.)

 He will have resolved all pending issues and ensured seamless operations by
the time the audit takes place.

 (Indicates a series of tasks completed before a future event.)

 We will have completed the expansion project and increased our production
capacity by the end of the fiscal year.

 (Describes significant achievements completed before a specific time.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. …… (will) he ……… (submit) his assignment by the deadline?

2. What …….. (will) you ……. (achieve) by the end of this year?

3. We …….. (reach) our destination by nightfall.

4. Most people ………. (make) their travel plans by next week.

5. The children …….. (learn) all their lines before the play begins.

Answers

1. Will, have submitted

2. will, have achieved
3. will have reached
4. will have made
5. will have learned
Future Perfect Continuous

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions that will - By next year, I will have been working at this company
have been ongoing up for a decade. <br> - They will have been traveling for
to a specific point in over 24 hours by the time they arrive. <br> - She will
the future have been studying for her exams for several months
by the time the test is scheduled.
Case 2: Actions that will - When you arrive, I will have been waiting for you for
be ongoing when two hours. <br> - By the time the concert starts, they
another future event will have been rehearsing for weeks. <br> - She will
occurs have been practicing her speech when the guests
arrive.
Case 3: Emphasizing - By the end of the month, I will have been working on
the duration of a future this project for six months. <br> - They will have been
activity studying intensively for their exams throughout the
summer. <br> - She will have been preparing for the
competition for a year.
Case 4: Showing cause - He will be exhausted because he will have been
and effect related to running marathons all week. <br> - The garden will be
future actions lush because they will have been watering it regularly.
<br> - They will be well-prepared since they will have
been practicing consistently.
Case 5: Describing - The team will be brainstorming ideas while the clients
future background are reviewing the initial proposals. <br> - The students
activities will be taking their final exams while the teachers are
grading the assignments. <br> - I will be writing the
report while the data is being collected.

These examples illustrate how the Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to
describe actions that will have been ongoing up to a specific future point, actions
ongoing when another future event occurs, the duration of a future activity, cause
and effect related to future activities, and background activities in future scenarios.

Time Line
Future Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise - Beginner Level
Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. The mother …….. (cook) the food for two hours by the time you arrive.

2. Rita …….. (call) me for ten minutes when I pick up the phone.

3. She …….. (read) her book for a week by tomorrow.

4. The cat …… (chase) the mouse for a while before it catches it.

5. The sun …… (shine) all morning by noon.

Answers

1. will have been cooking

2. will have been calling
3. will have been reading
4. will have been chasing
5. will have been shining

Future Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.
 1. The train …….. (run) for several hours by the time it reaches the station.

2. Sarah …….. (practice) yoga for months by the time she masters it.

3. The gardener ……. (work) in the garden all day by evening.

4. We …….. (discuss) this topic for an hour by the time the meeting ends.

5. I …….. (play) the piano for years by the time I perform on stage.

Answers

1. will have been running

2. will have been practicing
3. will have been working
4. will have been discussing
5. will have been playing

Future Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

1. …… (will) he ……… (study) for hours by the time the test begins?

2. How long …….. (will) you ……. (work) on this project by next month?
3. We …….. (wait) for you for half an hour by the time you arrive.

4. Most people ………. (live) in the city for years by the time they move.
5. The children …….. (play) outside for hours by the time dinner is ready.

Answers

1. Will, have been studying

2. will, have been working
3. will have been waiting
4. will have been living
5. will have been playing
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Where is Present Continuous Tense Used?

The Present Continuous Tense is used across five major happenings. Each of them
has been explained below in the table for reference along with examples:
Use Case Scenario of Present
Examples
Continuous
 I am going to see the doctor.
Case 1: Actions happening right  We are ordering apple pie, do you want to try
now some?
 She is saying that she doesn’t like these clothes.
 She is cleaning the house today, as promised.
Case 2: Actions happening
 We are learning a new language.
around now
 I am watching FRIENDS for the last time now.
 She is sorting her wardrobe after that she can
go to the mall.
Case 3: Temporary actions
 I am going to the supermarket to buy some
happening now
cheese.
 They are exercising their right to vote.
 We are sitting on this project tomorrow for a
rejig.
Case 4: Future plans with specific  I am drinking this latte again tonight, it smells
arrangements divine.
 The day after tomorrow we are going on an
excursion from school.
 The voters are beginning to cast their votes at
the voting centre.
Case 5: Describing ongoing  The public is protesting over the law today in
events of importance different parts of Delhi.
 The global warming is increasing at an alarming
rate.
Time Line

Present Continuous Tense Exercises

Based on the present continuous examples and rules given above, practice these
sentences and check your performance.

Beginner
11. We __________ (eat) lunch right now.
12. She _______ (read) a book in the garden.
13. They _________ (listen in negative) to the music. (not paying attention right now)
14. ____ it ______ (rain) outside?
15. I _________ English from your teacher.
16. They ________ (run) a marathon at the club.
17. The sun _________ (set) beautifully.
18. ______ you ______ (wait) for the bus?
19. We _______ (clean) the house this afternoon.
20. My friend _______ (visit) me from another country.

Answers:
1. are having 2. is reading 3. are not listening 4. Is | raining 5. am learning
 6. are running 7. is setting 8. Are | waiting 9. are cleaning 10. is visiting

Intermediate
11. We __________ (brainstorm) new ideas for the project deadline.
12. She __________ (feeling in negation) well, so she's skipping her workout today.
13. The delivery person _________ (bring) our groceries right now.
14. _______ you _______ (consider) a career change?
15. The local artist _______ (exhibit) her work at the gallery this month.
16. They _________ (argue) again! It seems like a daily occurrence.
17. I ________ (improve) my French with daily practice.
18. What ______ you _______ (work) on this weekend?
19. The new restaurant down the street ________ (get) good reviews.
20. We ________ (rely - negation) solely on luck; we're putting in the hard work.

Answers:
1. We're / are 2. She's / is not 3. is 4. Are |
5. is exhibiting
brainstorming feeling bringing considering
6. They're / are 7. I'm / am 8. Are | 10. We're / are
9. is getting
arguing improving working not relying

Advanced
11. Our we _________ (research) on a groundbreaking experiment that will bring a
big revolution in the field.
12. As the deadline ___________ (approach), managers
__________ (motivate) everyone in their teams to work harder.
13. The government __________ (facing) increasing pressure to address the climate
crisis.
14. The negotiation process ________ (prove) to be more complex than anticipated.
15. The family reunion ________ (take) place next month in Hawaii.
16. ______ (be) we _______ (witness) a paradigm shift in the way we approach
education?
17. Despite the criticism, the company ________ (hold) firm to its controversial
decision.
18. ______ (be) you ________ (consider) a career change, or are you happy in your
current position?
19. These days _______ (be - negation) everyone _______ (use) their phones
aimlessly?
20. Public opinion _________ (lean) towards stricter regulations on social media.

Answers:
1. are 2. is approaching | are 4. is
3. is facing 5. is taking
researching motivating proving
6. Are | 8. Are | 9. isn’t | 10. is
7. is holding
witnessing considering using leaning

PRESENT PERFECT

Use of Present Perfect Tense

Situations Present Perfect Tense Sentences

 I have completed my graduation from

Mumbai University. (Studied in Past and
Educated today)
Action Begins in Past but Affects You in  I have eaten breakfast in the morning, so I
Present am full. (Ate something in the morning
and do not want to eat something in
the present)
 I have adopted a cat and she is my only
pet. (Adopted a cat in past)
 I have eaten pizza this week.
Action Completed With Undefined  Ram has visited Tamil Nadu
Timing
(In both cases, time is undefined but the
main focus is on “Eat” and “Visit”).

 I have just finished reading that book.

Timing Based  I have just reached Delhi
(Here, we added “Just” to show that actions
 happened recently. Present perfect tense
won’t work with “Yesterday”, “Last week”
or previous year.)

Time Line

Present Perfect Tense Example in Interview:

Hi, My name is XYZ. I have studied at the University of Oxford, which is one of
the top universities in the world. I have volunteered at local NGOs to help street
animals. It has helped me to improve my communication. I have learnt several new
skills in my student days that is helping me to overcome my fears.

Some More Examples

 Beginner Level- I have eaten.
 Intermediate Level- I have eaten too much cake.
 Advanced Level- I have eaten too much cake and now I am facing issues.

In the first sentence, the incident happened recently but in the second sentence, the
incident happened last week. According to the Present Perfect Rules, we can’t
use “Yesterday”, “Last week” or the previous year.
Difference Between Present Perfect Tense and Simple Past Tense
Many students with weak English grammar get confused between Present Perfect
and Simple Past Tense. This confusion can lead to mistakes and you can lose some
scores in English proficiency tests. Well, understanding the basic difference between
these two tenses can help you avoid these errors.

Simple Past Tense Present Perfect Tense

The simple past tense

focuses on completed In the present perfect
actions in the past. You can tense, the action begins in
easily identify these past but is still ongoing or
Definition
sentences by looking for impacting the present.
time markers, such as
yesterday, last week, or
specific dates.

I played football last night. I have played football for 5

For Example (Here action completed in years. (Action begins in
past). past and is still ongoing).

Beginner-Level
In these 10 Sentences of Present Perfect Tense, you have to fill in Has/Have in one
place and the verb in the second place.
11. I ___________ _________lunch in the new restaurant in our city (third form of “EAT”).
12. Rohan_____ ____ the stadium yet but we are going today. (third form of “VISIT”).
13. ________ you ever_______ Shushi? (third form of “EAT”).
14. _______ she _____ football in ground? (third form of “PLAY”).
15. Kamal _____ ______ his keys. (third form of “LOSE”).
16. _______ Rohit ______ the world cup yet? (third form of “WIN”)
17. I _______, _____ my work. (third form of “FINISH”)
18. ______ she _____ football? (third form of “PLAY”)
19. We _____, ______ that movie yet. (third form of "WATCH").
20. He ____, ______ three novels so far. (third form of "WRITE")

Answers
1. Have, Eaten 2. Has, Visited 3. Have, Eaten

4. Has, Played 5. Has, Lost 6. Haven’t, Won

7. Have not, Finished 8. Has, Played 9. Hasn't, Watched

10. Has, Written

Intermediate Level
6. I have woken up early every day this week. (habit)
7. We have already made breakfast. (recent completion)
8. I have just finished reading that book. (very recent action)
9. You have just started learning a new language. (very recent action)
10. She has lived in this city for ten years. (duration)

Fill in the Blanks: Intermediate Level

6. We _______ not _______ where to go on vacation yet. (Third form of "Decide")
7. My parents ______ _______ each other. (Third Form of "Know").
8. ____ you ever ______ a bone? (Third Form of "Break")
9. They _____ _____ the lottery! (Third Form of "Win")
10. I ______ just _____ home from work (Third Form of "Arrive")

Answers
1. Have, Decided 2. Have, Known 3. Have, Broken

4. Have, Won 5. Have, Arrived

Advance Level
6. We haven't seen each other since graduation. (Experiences)
7. Scientists have discovered a new form of sustainable energy. (Completed
Actions)
8. The company has just released its newest product line. (Completed Actions)
9. I have travelled extensively throughout Asia. (Experiences)
10. She has graduated from medical school with top honours. (Achievement)

Fill in the Blanks: Advance Level

6. I _____ just ______ watching that documentary. (Third Form of "Finish")
7. She _____ never even ______ skydiving. (Third Form of "Try")
8. She ______ not ______ to her family in over a year. (Third Form of "Speak")
9. She _______ ______ you earlier, and I'm sure. (Third Form of "See")
10. We _____ both _________ extensively but to different regions. (Third Form of
"Travel")

Answers
1. Have, Finished 2. Has, Tried 3. Has, Spoken

4. Has, Seen 5. Have, Travelled

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Use of Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Now, let’s understand how to use the present perfect continuous tense formula in
different situations. Below, we have mentioned a table that will simplify the uses of
this tense. We have added a few example sentences to help you.

Situations Use of Perfect Continuous Tense

 I have been preparing for the IELTS

exam. (Preparation is still going on.)
Focuses Ongoing action  You have not been teaching me
properly since last week. (Teaching
technique isn’t proper).
 You have been applying to get admission
to top universities in the world for
Action Repeating years. (You are still applying).
 It has been raining since last week. (The
rain started last week. )
 I am so tired, we have been playing all
Action Finished in Recent Time and day.
effecting present. (The game is stopped and players are tired)

Some More Examples

 I have been eating too much pasta.
 Dhoni has been playing cricket since 2005.
 IPL has been gaining
 We have been planning to buy a car.
 You have been planning to go on a vacation.
Time Line

Use of For and Since

We use for and since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense, so you must understand
the differences.

Use “For” With Use “Since” With

Hours 11:00 AM (Specific Time)

Days Monday (Day of Weeks)

Weeks March (Date of Month)

 Months 2010 (Year)

Years -

Ever -

Examples of For and Since

 She has been working on the article since this morning.
 I have been working on this article for weeks.
 We have been playing football since 5:00 PM.
 You have been trying to get admission to Oxford University for years.
 India has been losing World Cup tournaments for years.

Fill in the Blanks- Beginner-Level

11. Ram ________ (think) about his new house.
12. Rohan _________ (Plan) to get a new car.
13. We_______ (discuss) the plan of action for the next meeting.
14. Kanishk ______ (prepare) for his wedding for years.
15. He _________ (read) newspaper since morning.
16. She _________ (present) her new project.
17. They _________ (listen) to the music.
18. Chandra_________ (read) the new research paper.
19. Students __________ (wait) for teachers since 2023.
20. She _________ (cook) delicious for years.

Answers:

1. Has Been, Thinking 2.Has Been, Planning 3. Have Been, discus

6. Has Been, Presenting 7. Have Been, Listening 8. Have Been, readin

Intermediate Level Examples

6. The government has been working for the betterment of people since 2019.
7. Scientists have been exploring Mars since 2008.
8. People have been facing the effects of global warming for years.
9. The author has been revising his manuscript for weeks.
10. India has been developing since 1947.

Fill in the Blanks

9. We _________ (Plan) to get a new car ____ 2019.
10. We_______ (discuss) the plan of action for the next meeting _____ last Monday.
11. Rohit ______ (practice) to play the next match _____ hours.
12. He _________ (design) a newspaper _____ morning.
13. The team of scientists _________ (work) to find a new vaccine _____ months.
14. Racers ________ (tune) their cars _______ weeks.
15. Students __________ (wait) for teachers ______ 2023.
16. She _________ (cook) delicious _____ years.

Answers:
1. Have Been, 2. Have Been, 3. Has Been, 4. Has Been,
Planning, Since Discussing, Since Practicing, For Designing, Since
5. Have Been, 6. Have Been, 7. Have Been, 8. Have Been,
Working, For Tunning, For Waiting, Since Cooking, For

PAST TENSE

Use of Simple Past Tense

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions - I visited Paris last summer. <br> - We watched that
completed at a specific movie yesterday. <br> - She finished her homework
 time in the past two hours ago.
Case 2: Actions that - He entered the room, turned on the light, and sat
happened one after down. <br> - They ate breakfast and then went for a
another walk. <br> - I read a book and later wrote a report.
Case 3: Actions that - When I was a child, I played outside every day. <br>
were habitual in the - They often went to the beach during their vacations.
past <br> - She visited her grandparents every summer.
Case 4: Past states or - I was tired after the long journey. <br> - They were
conditions excited about their new home. <br> - She felt happy
with her new job.
Case 5: Actions - I was reading a book when the phone rang. <br> -
interrupted by another They were having dinner when the power went out.
action in the past <br> - She was studying when her friend called.

Examples

 I visited my grandparents last summer.

 (Describes an action completed at a specific time in the past.)

 She finished her homework before dinner.

 (Describes an action that was completed before another past event.)

 They watched a movie on Friday night.

 (Describes an action that happened at a specific time in the past.)

 He played football with his friends after school.

 (Describes a habitual action in the past.)

 The company launched a new product last year.

 (Describes an action that was completed at a specific time in the past.)

Time Line:
Simple Past Tense Exercise - Beginner Level

Examples

 I walked to the park yesterday.

 (Simple past action completed at a specific time.)

 She visited her aunt last weekend.

 (Describes a past event at a specific time.)

 They watched TV in the evening.

 (Describes a specific past action.)

 He cooked dinner last night.

 (Action completed at a particular time in the past.)

 We played soccer after school.

 (Describes a past event that happened regularly.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.
 6. The mother …….. (cook) the food last night.
7. Rita …….. (call) me yesterday morning.
8. She …….. (read) the book last week.
9. The cat …… (catch) a mouse.
10. The sun …… (set) at 6 pm yesterday.

Answers:

 Cooked
 called
 Read
 Caught
 Set

Simple Past Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

Examples

 I completed the project before the deadline.

 (Describes an action that was finished before another past event.)

 She traveled to Italy last summer and explored Rome.

 (Describes two past events occurring one after another.)

 They studied hard for the exams and then went out to celebrate.

 (Describes a sequence of actions in the past.)

 He had never seen that movie until last week.

 (Describes a past experience with a specific event.)

 We visited several museums during our trip to New York.

 (Describes a series of past activities.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. The train …….. (depart) at 7 am yesterday.

7. Sarah …….. (go) to yoga classes last year.
8. The gardener ……. (water) the plants yesterday.
9. He …….. (come) to the party last night.
10. I …….. (play) in the park yesterday evening.

Answers:

 Departed
 Went
 Watered
 Came
 Played

Simple Past Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

Examples:

 I had finished reading the book by the time the meeting started.

 (Describes a past action completed before another past event.)

 She had been working on the report for weeks before she submitted it.

 (Describes an ongoing past action completed before another event.)

 They had already left for the airport when the storm began.

 (Describes an action that was completed before another event in the past.)

 He was excited because he had just received an acceptance letter from the
university.

 (Describes a past emotional state resulting from a completed action.)

 We had been planning the event for months, so everything went smoothly.

 (Describes the duration of a past action up to a certain point in the past.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. …… (did) he ……… (play) tennis last weekend?

7. When …….. (did) the bus ……. (leave) yesterday?
8. We …….. (achieve) our goals last year.
9. Most people ………. (believe) the story until they learned the truth.
10. The children …….. (play) in the garden yesterday afternoon.

Answers:

6. Did, play
7. Did, leave
8. achieved
9. believed
10. played

Past Cotinuous

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions - I was watching TV at 8 pm last night. <br> - They
happening at a specific were playing football when it started to rain. <br> -
time in the past She was cooking dinner at 6 o'clock.
Case 2: Actions that - I was reading a book when the doorbell rang. <br> -
were in progress when They were walking to the store while it was snowing.
another action occurred <br> - She was studying when her friends arrived.
Case 3: Actions - He was talking on the phone while she was typing
happening on the computer. <br> - The kids were playing
simultaneously in the outside as their parents were preparing dinner. <br> -
past I was listening to music while doing my homework.
Case 4: Descriptions of - The sun was setting, and the birds were singing as
scenes or background we walked through the park. <br> - It was raining
actions in the past heavily, and the streets were empty. <br> - The old
house was falling apart, and the wind was howling
through the broken windows.
Case 5: Polite inquiries - I was wondering if you were coming to the party last
about past actions weekend. <br> - Were you considering moving to a
 new city? <br> - I was curious if they were working on
the project when we left.

These examples illustrate how the Past Continuous Tense is used to describe
ongoing actions at specific past times, actions in progress when something else
happened, simultaneous actions in the past, background scenes, and polite inquiries
about past events.

Time Line

Past Continuous Tense Exercise - Beginner Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. The mother …….. (cook) the food when I arrived.

7. Rita …….. (call) me while I was driving.

8. She …….. (read) a book when the phone rang.

9. The cat …… (chase) a mouse all afternoon.

10. The sun …… (set) as we reached the beach.

Answers
 6. was cooking
7. was calling
8. was reading
9. was chasing
10. was setting

Past Continuous Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. The train …….. (leave) the station when I arrived.

7. Sarah …….. (go) to yoga classes while studying for exams.

8. The gardener ……. (water) the plants when it started raining.

9. We …….. (listen) to music when the power went out.

10. I …….. (play) with my friends when my mom called me inside.

Answers

6. was leaving
7. was going
8. was watering
9. were listening
10. was playing

Past Continuous Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. …… (was/were) they ……… (play) tennis when it started to rain?

7. What …….. (was) she ……. (do) when you saw her?

8. We …….. (work) on the project all night.

 9. Most people ………. (sleep) when the earthquake struck.

10. The children …….. (play) in the garden when it started to rain.

Answers

6. Were, playing
7. was, doing
8. were working
9. were sleeping
10. were playing

Past Perfect

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions completed - I had already eaten dinner when they arrived.
before a specific point in <br> - She had finished her homework before the
the past movie started. <br> - By the time the meeting
began, we had sent out all the invitations.
Case 2: Actions completed - He had left the office before I got there. <br> -
before another past action They had finished their presentation before the
boss arrived. <br> - She had packed her bags
before the taxi came.
Case 3: Showing cause and - She was tired because she had stayed up late the
effect in the past previous night. <br> - The garden was lush because
they had been watering it regularly. <br> - He was
unhappy because he had missed his flight.
Case 4: Describing past - I had visited that museum before it was renovated.
experiences or events that <br> - By the time we got to the party, everyone
were completed before a had already left. <br> - They had traveled to several
reference time countries before settling down.
Case 5: Actions that were - I had hoped to finish the project before the
anticipated but not deadline, but I couldn’t. <br> - They had planned to
realized go hiking, but it rained all weekend. <br> - She had
expected to get the promotion, but it was given to
someone else.

These examples highlight how the Past Perfect Tense is used to describe actions that
were completed before a specific point in the past, actions completed before another
past action, cause and effect in the past, past experiences or events completed
before a reference time, and anticipated actions that did not happen.

Time Line
Past Perfect Tense Exercise - Beginner Level
Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. The mother …….. (cook) the food before we arrived.

7. Rita …….. (call) me by the time I left the office.
8. She …….. (read) the book before the class started.
9. The cat …… (catch) a mouse before I entered the room.
10. The sun …… (set) by the time we reached the hotel.

Answers

6. had cooked
7. had called
8. had read
9. had caught
10. had set

Past Perfect Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. The train …….. (depart) before we got to the station.

7. Sarah …….. (finish) her yoga class before the rain started.
8. The gardener ……. (water) the plants before it started to rain.
9. He …….. (leave) the party before I arrived.
10. I …….. (complete) my homework before dinner.
Answers

6. had departed
7. had finished
8. had watered
9. had left
10. had completed

Past Perfect Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. …… (had) he ……… (play) tennis before joining the club?

7. When I got to the bus stop, the bus …….. (leave).

8. We …….. (achieve) our goals before the end of the year.

9. Most people ………. (leave) by the time the speech ended.

10. The children …….. (finish) their game when it started to rain.

Answers

6. Had, played
7. had left
8. had achieved
9. had left
10. had finished

Past Perfect Continuous

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions that - I had been studying for three hours when she called.
were ongoing up to a <br> - They had been waiting for the bus for half an
specific point in the hour before it arrived. <br> - She had been working on
past the project until late at night.
Case 2: Actions that - He had been jogging in the park when it started
were ongoing when raining. <br> - They had been discussing the plan when
 another past action the meeting ended. <br> - She had been cooking
occurred dinner when the power went out.
Case 3: Emphasizing - I had been reading that book for months before I
the duration of an finished it. <br> - They had been traveling for a year
activity before another before settling down. <br> - She had been practicing
action the piano for years before she gave her first recital.
Case 4: Showing cause - He was exhausted because he had been running all
and effect related to day. <br> - She was sunburned because she had been
an ongoing action lying in the sun for too long. <br> - They were familiar
with the area because they had been exploring it for
months.
Case 5: Describing a - The sun had been setting, and the sky was turning
background activity in orange as we walked along the beach. <br> - The
past narratives children had been playing loudly, which made it difficult
to concentrate. <br> - She had been writing letters to
her friend while they were on vacation.

These examples illustrate how the Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to describe
ongoing actions up to a specific past point, actions in progress when another past
event occurred, the duration of activities before another action, cause and effect
related to ongoing past activities, and background activities in past narratives.

Time Line

Past Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise - Beginner Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.
 6. The mother …….. (cook) the food for an hour before we arrived.

7. Rita …….. (call) me repeatedly before I finally answered.

8. She …….. (read) the book for weeks before she finished it.

9. The cat …… (chase) a mouse for ten minutes before catching it.

10. The sun …… (shine) all morning before the clouds came.

Answers

6. had been cooking

7. had been calling
8. had been reading
9. had been chasing
10. had been shining

Past Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. The train …….. (delay) for hours before it finally departed.

7. Sarah …….. (practice) yoga every morning before she moved.
8. The gardener ……. (work) in the garden for hours before it started raining.
9. We …….. (listen) to that song on repeat for days before getting tired of it.
10. I …….. (play) with my friends all afternoon before dinner.

Answers

6. had been delayed

7. had been practicing
8. had been working
9. had been listening
10. had been playing

Past Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. …… (had) they ……… (play) tennis for long before it started raining?
 7. How long …….. (had) she ……. (work) there before she got promoted?

8. We …….. (wait) for hours before the bus finally arrived.

9. Most people ………. (study) for months before the exam was postponed.

10. The children …….. (play) in the garden all day before it started to rain.

Answers

6. Had, been playing

7. had, been working
8. had been waiting
9. had been studying
10. had been playing

FUTURE TENSE

Simple Future

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions that will - I will meet you at 3 PM tomorrow. <br> - They will
happen at a specific time arrive at the airport at noon. <br> - She will finish
in the future the report by Friday.
Case 2: Predictions or - The weather will be sunny tomorrow. <br> - He
forecasts about the future will probably get the job offer. <br> - The company
will likely launch the new product next month.
Case 3: Promises or offers - I will help you with your homework. <br> - She
will call you later today. <br> - We will take care of
the arrangements.
Case 4: Plans or intentions - I will start my new job next week. <br> - They will
go on vacation this summer. <br> - She will join the
gym next month.
Case 5: Spontaneous - I will answer the phone. <br> - We will have
decisions or actions dinner at that new restaurant tonight. <br> - I will
check the emails now.
These examples illustrate how the Simple Future Tense is used to describe actions
that will occur at a specific future time, make predictions, express promises or offers,
outline plans or intentions, and indicate spontaneous decisions.

Time Line

Simple Future Tense Exercise - Beginner Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. The mother …….. (cook) the food tomorrow.

7. Rita …….. (call) me later today.

8. She …….. (read) the book next week.

9. The cat …… (chase) the mouse if it sees one.

10. The sun …… (rise) at 6 am tomorrow.

Answers

6. will cook
7. will call
8. will read
9. will chase
 10. will rise

Simple Future Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. The train …….. (depart) at 7 am tomorrow.

7. Sarah …….. (go) to yoga classes next month.

8. The gardener ……. (plant) new flowers next week.

9. We …….. (have) a meeting on Monday.

10. I …….. (play) soccer with my friends tomorrow.

Answers

6. will depart
7. will go
8. will plant
9. will have
10. will play

Simple Future Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. …… (will) he ……… (join) the tennis club next season?

7. When …….. (will) the bus ……. (arrive)?

8. We …….. (achieve) our goals by the end of the year.

9. Most people ………. (support) the new policy once they understand it.

10. The children …….. (play) outside after school tomorrow.

Answers
 6. Will, join
7. will, arrive
8. will achieve
9. will support
10. will play

Future Continuous

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions that will - I will have finished my report by the end of the day.
be completed before a <br> - They will have completed the project before
specific point in the the deadline. <br> - She will have cooked dinner by
future the time you arrive.
Case 2: Actions that will - By next week, I will have moved into my new
be completed before apartment before you visit. <br> - They will have left
another future event for their vacation before the meeting starts. <br> -
She will have finished reading the book before the
discussion group.
Case 3: Describing - By the time we reach the concert, the band will have
future events in relation already started playing. <br> - By 2025, scientists will
to a specific future time have made significant advances in medicine. <br> -
By the end of this year, I will have saved enough
money for a new car.
Case 4: Showing cause - They will have improved their skills by the time they
and effect related to start their new job. <br> - He will have gained enough
future plans experience to apply for the promotion. <br> - We will
have completed the renovation by the time the guests
arrive.
Case 5: Speculations - She will have probably already left for the airport.
about completed future <br> - They will have likely finished their exam by
actions now. <br> - The package will have arrived by the time
you get home.

These examples illustrate how the Future Perfect Tense is used to describe actions
that will be completed before a specific future time, actions completed before
another future event, future events in relation to a specific future time, future cause
and effect, and speculations about completed future actions.

Time Line
Future Continuous Tense Exercise - Beginner Level
Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. The mother …….. (cook) the food when you arrive.

7. Rita …….. (call) me at 5 pm today.

8. She …….. (read) her book this evening.

9. The cat …… (chase) the mouse if it comes out.

10. The sun …… (shine) all day tomorrow.

Answers

6. will be cooking
7. will be calling
8. will be reading
9. will be chasing
10. will be shining

Future Continuous Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.
 6. The train …….. (depart) when we reach the station.

7. Sarah …….. (go) to yoga classes every morning next month.

8. The gardener ……. (water) the plants in the afternoon.

9. We …….. (have) dinner when you call.

10. I …….. (play) soccer with my friends at this time tomorrow.

Answers

6. will be departing
7. will be going
8. will be watering
9. will be having
10. will be playing

Future Continuous Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. …… (will) he ……… (work) on his project all night?

7. What …….. (will) you ……. (do) when she arrives?

8. We …….. (travel) to New York next week at this time.

9. Most people ………. (watch) the football game this weekend.

10. The children …….. (play) outside all afternoon.

Answers

6. Will, be working
7. will, be doing
 8. will be traveling
9. will be watching
10. will be playing

Future Perfect

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions that will - I will be studying at 8 PM tonight. <br> - They will
be in progress at a be traveling to Paris at this time next week. <br> -
specific time in the future She will be cooking dinner when you arrive.
Case 2: Actions that will - We will be watching the movie while you are at the
be ongoing during a party. <br> - He will be working on the project while
future event they are on vacation. <br> - She will be presenting
her research while the committee is reviewing it.
Case 3: Predictions about - The weather will be getting warmer as spring
ongoing future actions approaches. <br> - They will be making progress on
their goals by the end of the year. <br> - She will be
continuing her studies at the university.
Case 4: Polite inquiries - Will you be joining us for dinner tomorrow? <br> -
about future plans or Will he be attending the meeting next week? <br> -
arrangements Will they be coming to the event?
Case 5: Emphasizing the - By next month, I will have been working here for
duration of an action in five years. <br> - They will be discussing the
the future proposal for several hours. <br> - She will be
studying for her exams throughout the weekend.

These examples highlight how the Future Continuous Tense is used to describe
actions that will be in progress at a specific future time, actions ongoing during
another future event, predictions about ongoing future actions, polite inquiries about
future plans, and to emphasize the duration of an action in the future.

Time Line
Future Perfect Tense Exercise - Beginner Level
Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. The mother …….. (cook) the food by the time you arrive.
Answer: will have cooked
7. Rita …….. (call) me before dinner.
Answer: will have called
8. She …….. (finish) her book by tomorrow.
Answer: will have finished
9. The cat …… (catch) the mouse by nightfall.
Answer: will have caught
10. The sun …… (set) by 7 pm.
Answer: will have set

Answers

6. will have cooked

7. will have called
8. will have finished
9. will have caught
10. will have set
Future Perfect Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level
Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. The train …….. (depart) before we get to the station.

7. Sarah …….. (complete) her yoga training by next month.

8. The gardener ……. (plant) all the flowers by noon.

9. We …….. (finish) our meeting by lunchtime.

10. I …….. (write) my report by the end of the day.

Answers

6. will have departed

7. will have completed
8. will have planted
9. will have finished
10. will have written

Future Perfect Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. …… (will) he ……… (submit) his assignment by the deadline?

7. What …….. (will) you ……. (achieve) by the end of this year?

8. We …….. (reach) our destination by nightfall.

9. Most people ………. (make) their travel plans by next week.

10. The children …….. (learn) all their lines before the play begins.

Answers

6. Will, have submitted

7. will, have achieved
8. will have reached
9. will have made
10. will have learned
Future Perfect Continuous

Use Case Scenario Examples

Case 1: Actions that will - By next year, I will have been working at this company
have been ongoing up for a decade. <br> - They will have been traveling for
to a specific point in over 24 hours by the time they arrive. <br> - She will
the future have been studying for her exams for several months
by the time the test is scheduled.
Case 2: Actions that will - When you arrive, I will have been waiting for you for
be ongoing when two hours. <br> - By the time the concert starts, they
another future event will have been rehearsing for weeks. <br> - She will
occurs have been practicing her speech when the guests
arrive.
Case 3: Emphasizing - By the end of the month, I will have been working on
the duration of a future this project for six months. <br> - They will have been
activity studying intensively for their exams throughout the
summer. <br> - She will have been preparing for the
competition for a year.
Case 4: Showing cause - He will be exhausted because he will have been
and effect related to running marathons all week. <br> - The garden will be
future actions lush because they will have been watering it regularly.
<br> - They will be well-prepared since they will have
been practicing consistently.
Case 5: Describing - The team will be brainstorming ideas while the clients
future background are reviewing the initial proposals. <br> - The students
activities will be taking their final exams while the teachers are
grading the assignments. <br> - I will be writing the
report while the data is being collected.

These examples illustrate how the Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to
describe actions that will have been ongoing up to a specific future point, actions
ongoing when another future event occurs, the duration of a future activity, cause
and effect related to future activities, and background activities in future scenarios.

Time Line
Future Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise - Beginner Level

Beginner Level

1. I will have been studying for three hours by the time you arrive.
o (Describes an ongoing action that will have continued for a duration
before a specific future time.)

2. She will have been working at the company for five years next month.
o (Indicates a continuous action that will have lasted for a duration by a
certain future point.)

3. They will have been playing soccer for an hour by the time we join them.
o (Describes an activity that will have been ongoing for a period before
another event.)

4. He will have been watching TV for two hours when his parents come
home.
o (Indicates a duration of an action before a future event.)

5. We will have been waiting at the bus stop for 20 minutes when the bus
arrives.
o (Describes a waiting period that will have continued until a future
event.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.
 1. The mother …….. (cook) the food for two hours by the time you arrive.

2. Rita …….. (call) me for ten minutes when I pick up the phone.

3. She …….. (read) her book for a week by tomorrow.

4. The cat …… (chase) the mouse for a while before it catches it.

5. The sun …… (shine) all morning by noon.

Answers

1. will have been cooking

2. will have been calling
3. will have been reading
4. will have been chasing
5. will have been shining

Future Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise - Intermediate Level

Intermediate Level

1. I will have been working on this project for six months by the time it's
completed.
o (Describes a continuous effort that will have lasted until a future point.)

2. She will have been training for the marathon for a year by the time it
takes place.
o (Indicates ongoing preparation over a period before a future event.)

3. They will have been renovating their house for several months by the
time they move in.
o (Describes a prolonged action that will have continued until a future
event.)

4. He will have been studying French for two years by the time he travels to
France.
o (Indicates an ongoing learning process that will have lasted until a
future time.)

5. We will have been discussing the new policy for weeks before it is
implemented.
o (Describes an ongoing discussion that will have continued until a future
event.)
Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. The train …….. (run) for several hours by the time it reaches the station.

7. Sarah …….. (practice) yoga for months by the time she masters it.

8. The gardener ……. (work) in the garden all day by evening.

9. We …….. (discuss) this topic for an hour by the time the meeting ends.

10. I …….. (play) the piano for years by the time I perform on stage.

Answers

6. will have been running

7. will have been practicing
8. will have been working
9. will have been discussing
10. will have been playing

Future Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise - Advanced Level

Advanced Level

1. I will have been conducting research for several years before publishing
my findings.
o (Describes a long-term project that will have continued until a future
action.)

2. She will have been leading the team for a decade by the time she retires.
o (Indicates a long-term leadership role that will have lasted until a future
point.)

3. They will have been negotiating the merger for months before it is
finalized.
o (Describes a complex process that will have continued until a future
resolution.)

4. He will have been developing software solutions for numerous clients

before launching his own company.
o (Indicates ongoing work that will have lasted until a future decision.)
 5. We will have been expanding our market presence for years by the time
we achieve industry leadership.
o (Describes a sustained effort that will have continued until a future
milestone.)

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the correct form of the
suggested verbs.

6. …… (will) he ……… (study) for hours by the time the test begins?

7. How long …….. (will) you ……. (work) on this project by next month?
8. We …….. (wait) for you for half an hour by the time you arrive.

9. Most people ………. (live) in the city for years by the time they move.
10. The children …….. (play) outside for hours by the time dinner is ready.

Answers

6. Will, have been studying

7. will, have been working
8. will have been waiting
9. will have been living
10. will have been playing