Chapter V

Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016

Introduction
This Solid Waste management Rules, 2016 has been superseded The Municipal Solid Waste
(Management& Control) Rules, 2000. This act has been created with the pursuance of the
Section 3,6,25 of the Environment Protection Act, 1986. These Rules applies to urban local
body, outgrowth in urban agglomerations, census towns, industrial areas, SEZs, pilgrims, place
of religious and worships, and historical importance. So there are exception that is rule will not
apply to certain kind of waste which is a nature of, biomedical waste, radioactive waste, E- waste
even though these waste are solid waste they are not applicable to under these rule because they
are already have specific regulation for these waste, that's why regulation is making exception
that these regulation will not apply to these three ways even though their solid waste.

Salient feature of these rules are:

i. Segregation at sources: In these rules they are coming up with the provision where they
are saying that there has to be a segregation at source so there are different types of solid
waste like biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste; recyclable or non recyclable
waste; wet or dry, so in that way regulations are saying that appropriate authority has to
come up with rules in their restriction according to which the waste generators which are
human beings industries restaurants hotels institution body corporate anything it
everything come under the purview of waste generation, have to put the waste according
to the segregation of waste in different bins and get give it to the bins pickers.

ii. Collect back scheme- industries which are using packaging material which are non
biodegradable should come up with innovative ways in order to make sure that the level
of waste is generated due to their packaging, is collected back after the consumer has
used that product.So what kind of schemes industries can make to reduce non
biodegradable waste produced from the packaging material are . In some places
provisions are like if you are using tins of bottles put it in machines which will throw
back money so depositing a non biodegradable waste will return you some money in
exchange as an incentive attached to it or you put used plastic waste that is chains bottles
And that machine will give you usable kind of product maybe you will get a glass a bowl
made out of it. Show the industry using non biodegradable waste has to come up with a
solution to deal with this huge problem as scientist experts are working that how we can
deal with this non biodegradable waste.
 iii. Collection of sanitary waste- sanitary waste is defined in regulation so bees are specific
provisions that manufactures of sanitary products will have to adapt to the rappers
biodegradable packaging for consumer to dispose of sanitary waste.

iv. Collection Fee- where the waste generators are producing more than the prescribed limit
waste, the generators will accrue some collection fees so due to huge amount of waste
produced by generator it has to pay cost for it. Even a municipal authority coming and
collecting waste has it cost attached to it, means the generator has to pay cost fees to the
municipal authority

v. Fine: if there is any contravention of this regulation by any person they have to pay fine
for it. There is also prohibition of people who throw waste in water bodies streets or burn
solid waste on their own if there is contravention to it then huge fine is imposed on on
them and there has to be a disposal of solid waste in a proper manner and if it is not done
according to provision of this act then the fine will be imposed.

vi. Waste Processing and composting - so not only at the collecting level but after collecting
also municipal authority has to come up with innovative ideas and scheme as to how will
they process the biodegradable waste and non biodegradable waste and even if you come
posting biodegradable waste in your home it is appreciated by the authority.

vii. Central Monitoring Committee- so this is the committee which is set up under this
regulation where the whole working of regulation is centrally being monitored by the
secretary of ministry of Environment and Forest he is a chairman of this committee he
has the power to enquire and the basic civil power is conferred upon the authority. There
are other ministers who are the member to this community committee and over all in
National Central level they are monitoring how these provisions are enacted by various
authorities under this act.

Some Imported Terms:

Buffer Zone -it is an area or unit designated for the purpose of processing store in heating of
solid waste there can be no commercial activity or any activity over there. We need buffer
zones for the solid waste processing treatment because the treatment plant of the processing plant
used for this processing for the activity carried over there they might have detrimental effect on
human health and environment so hence there can be no commercial or residential or any other
activity in the buffer zone which is there around that area where the processing plant is situated
and activity is going on.

Extended Producer Liability- EPR is given for manufacture who are into the business of
producing packaging material it can be a any type of packaging material like plastic wood or
glass. EPR means that the producer has to make sure that he is come employing such innovative
method that this packaging material is not becoming a problem for disposing it off . Show the
producer has to produce such material which is easily disposed off and it is of minimal effect or
document to save environment.

Sanitary Land Filling- SLF is the place or designated area where the authorities are dumping
solid waste, now there technologies through which you can make that area safe for human and
natural environment. So even though the solid waste which are harmful for human or animals
and even that is being dumped in landfills but the land has its self made in a sanitary way. It is
stoping any leakage from happening into land air water bodies which might in near landfill.

Solid waste - It is extremely important to know that which type of waste this act is applicable to
if waste is not falling under this category the regulation are not applicable to search solid waste.
So- Any domestic waste which is solid or semi-solid, any sanitary waste, commercial
waste ,institutional waste, catering or market waste, non-residential waste, Street sweeping,
waste from horticulture, agriculture ,dairy waste, treated bio medical waste. But it doesn't
include- industrial waste, biomedical Waste, e-waste radioactive waste, etc

Duties of Waste Generators

i. Each waste generator shall separate the waste that is generated and store it in three
different parts which are biodegradable, non-biodegradable and household hazardous
waste and store it differently. Subsequently, the collected waste shall be passed to the
approved rag pickers or collectors.

ii. The sanitary waste used, for example, diapers, sanitary pads etc., shall be securely
wrapped in pouches provided or in a suitable wrapping material by the manufacturers of
these items and placed in the bins intended for dry or non-biodegradable wastes.

iii. Construction and demolition waste shall be treated separately and disposed of according
to the Waste Management Rules 2016 for Building and Demolition.

iv. The waste generated from the premises through horticulture or garden shall be stored
separately and be disposed of as per the Rules.

v. The practice of burying, burning or throwing the solid waste generated by the individual
in open public areas, on streets, drains or water bodies shall be stopped immediately.

vi. As per the laws of the local authorities, the waste generators shall pay a fee for solid
waste management.
 vii. Under no circumstances until the permission given by the local authority no event or
gathering of more than 100 people shall be made at any unlicensed place and a permit
should be taken at least three working days prior to the event. The segregation of the
waste and handling of it over to the waste collector shall be monitored by the organiser.

viii. Storage containers shall be kept by all the street vendors for keeping the waste generated
such as food waste, disposable plates, cups, cans, wrappers, coconut shells, leftover food,
vegetables, fruits etc. and shall be disposed of properly.

Duties and Responsibilities of local authorities and village Panchayats of

census towns and urban agglomerations

i. Within six months, local authorities must draw up a comprehensive waste management
strategy according to State policy.
ii. Prepare and plan for solid waste disposal
iii. Door to door collection
iv. Recognise organizations of waste pickers
v. Power to formulate bye-laws
vi. Establish waste deposition centres for domestic hazardous waste
vii. Collect waste from vegetable markets, etc
viii. Promote setting up of compost plants
ix. Provide training to waste pickers
x. Phase out use of chemical fertilizers in all parks, gardens, etc in 2 years
xi. Incentives for recycling initiatives
xii. Involving communities in waste management
xiii. Promotion of home composting
xiv. Special rules – manufacturers of sanitary products – make efforts for manufacturing
biodegradable products, covers, wrappings; manufacturers using non biodegradable
packaging
xv. Come up with systems for recycling – incentive based or otherwise

xvi. Identify bye‐laws and administer spot fine requirements for persons who litter or refuse
to comply, and delegate powers to officers and local authorities to levy spot fines under
the by-laws specified.

xvii. Stop the deposition or disposal of mixed waste immediately following the schedule stated
in Rule 23 for the establishment and operation of sanitary waste. .
xviii. Investigate and analyse all old open dumpsites and existing operational dumpsites for
their potential of bio‐mining and bio‐remediation and wherever feasible, take necessary
actions to bio‐mine or bio‐remediate the sites.

xix. In absence of the potential of bio‐mining and bio ‐remediation of the dumpsite, it shall be
scientifically capped as per landfill capping norms to prevent further damage to the
environment.

Solid Waste produced by Energy Sector while producing electricity

Solar-thermal technologies do not produce any substantial amount of solid waste while creating
electricity. The production of photovoltaic wafers creates very small amounts of hazardous
materials that must be handled properly to avert risk to the environment or to people.

The burning of biomass in boilers creates a solid waste called ash that must be disposed of
properly. However, the ash from biomass normally contains extremely low levels of hazardous
elements. Landfill, wind and Geothermal gas technologies do not produce any substantial
amount of solid waste while creating electricity.

Waste Management by Energy Sector

There can be use waste substance for producing energy . Whether hazardous waste can be sent
for recovery treatment or disposal options depends on the chemical and physical properties of the
waste recovery options may include various types of material and for energy recovery will
choosing between materials and energy recovery for a given waste type, priority should be given
to the option that has less negative environmental impacts. Material recovery makes use of the
material value in bed in the waste where as energy recovery utilizes its calorific value. Three
types of recovery material is possible:

1. Recovery of valuable products and substitution of virgin raw material by raw materials
recovered from Waste. Such as recovery from lead from used batteries.

2. Onsite recycling of deciduous and reusing then for the same application as where they were
generated. Such as, re- refining of spent lube oils.

3. Processing of residence in order to use them for oxide application in a different process as a
substitute for raw materials or additives. Such as, using fly ash as alternative raw material for
cement making for filling cavities in exhausted mines.