TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Management
MMC Dang

A Sixth Semester Project

On
Ecommerce and its use in markets

Submitted To
Department of Management
Mahendra Multiple Campus
Ghorahi, Dang

Under the supervision of

Mr. Karna Pun

“In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor

of Business Adminstration ”

Submitted By
Mr. Nishant Bhusal (symbol no: 27584/20)
Mr. Shreedhar kc (symbol no:27604/20)
Mr. Ayush Dangi (symbol no:27560/20)
May 2024

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 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
Faculty of management
MMC Dang
Student’s Declaration

We hereby declare the project entitled Ecommerce and its use in markets
submitted to the Department of management Tribhuvan University, is
our project work done in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
Bachelor of Business Adminstration and under the supervision and
guidance of Mr.Karna pun, Mahendra Multiple Campus Ghorahi, Dang.

………………… ……………….. …………………

Mr. Nishant Bhusal Mr.Shreedhar kc Mr. Ayush Dangi

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 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Management
MMC Dang

Supervisor’s Recommendation

I hereby recommend that this project report under my supervision by

Nishant Bhusal, Ayush Dangi and Shreedhar KC entitled
“Ecommerce and its use in markets” in partial fulfillment of
the requirement for Bachelor's Degree in Business Adminstration of
Tribhuvan University be processed for the evaluation.

…………………….
Mr. Karna pun
Project Supervisor
MMC Dang
Ghorahi Dang

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 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Management
MMC Dang

LETTER OF APPROVAL
This is to certify that this project prepared by Nishant Bhusal, Ayush Dangi and
Shreedhar KC entitled “Ecommerce and its use in markets” in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business
Asminstartion has been evaluated. In our opinion it is satisfactory in the scope and
quality as a project for the required degree.

…………………………… ……………………………
Mr. Karna Pun Sudarshan Rijal
Supervisor Coordinator
MMC Dang MMC Dang

……………………. …………………….
Internal Examiner External Examiner
MMC Dang Tribhuvan University

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Tables of Contents
Student’s declaration………………………………………………2

Supervisor’s Recommendation…………………………………… 3

Letter of Approval………………………………………………… 4

Introduction……………………………………………………….. 6

Literature Review………………………………………………….7

Research Methodology…………………………………………….8

Research Objectives……………………………………………….9

Expected Outcomes……………………………………………….10

Findings of the Research………………………………………….11-14

Conclusion…………………………………………………………15

Reference…………………………………………………………..16

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 Introduction
E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, has revolutionized the way
businesses operate and consumers shop. It encompasses a wide range of
online transactions, from purchasing goods and services to electronic fund
transfers and internet banking. The applications of e-commerce are vast and
diverse. Firstly, it provides unparalleled convenience, allowing consumers to
shop from the comfort of their homes at any time of the day or night. This
convenience extends globally, enabling businesses to reach customers
beyond geographical boundaries.

Moreover, e-commerce facilitates seamless transactions through various

payment gateways, ensuring secure and efficient monetary exchanges.
Additionally, it fosters competition by leveling the playing field for both
small and large enterprises, enabling startups to compete with established
brands on a global scale. Furthermore, e-commerce platforms often utilize
data analytics to personalize user experiences, offering tailored product
recommendations and targeted marketing campaigns.

Overall, e-commerce continues to reshape traditional business models,

offering endless opportunities for growth and innovation in the digital age.

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 Literature review
Existing literature highlights the growing significance of emerging markets
in the global e-commerce landscape. Studies underscore the rapid adoption
of internet and mobile technologies in emerging economies, driving e-
commerce growth. However, challenges such as logistical constraints,
payment infrastructure limitations, and regulatory complexities pose barriers
to entry for e-commerce businesses in these markets. Additionally, cultural
differences and consumer preferences necessitate tailored approaches to
marketing and product offerings.

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 Research methodology
This research employs secondary data sources such as industry reports,
academic journals, and government publications is utilized to gather insights
into e-commerce trends and market dynamics in emerging economies. Due
to the lack of time and less proficiency the group has not used primary data
as well as analysis has not been done.

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 Research Objectives
1. To analyse the current state of e-commerce utilization in select
emerging markets, including market size, growth trends, and key
players.

2. To identify the drivers and barriers to e-commerce adoption in

emerging markets, including logistical, infrastructural, and regulatory
factors.

3. To explore strategies for overcoming challenges and leveraging

opportunities for e-commerce expansion in emerging markets.

4. To assess the impact of cultural, social, and economic factors on e-

commerce utilization and consumer behaviour in emerging markets.


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 Expected outcomes
This research is expected to provide valuable insights into the dynamics of e-
commerce in emerging markets, including key challenges, opportunities, and
success factors. The findings will inform e-commerce businesses,
policymakers, and investors about strategies for navigating the unique
complexities of emerging market landscapes. Additionally, the research will
contribute to theoretical knowledge on global e-commerce expansion and
shed light on the future trajectory of e-commerce in emerging economies.

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 Findings of the report

In markets, the utilization of e-commerce is witnessing a significant surge,

driven by a confluence of factors unique to these regions. One of the primary
uses of e-commerce in emerging markets is its role in fostering
entrepreneurship and economic empowerment. With limited access to
traditional brick-and-mortar retail infrastructure, e-commerce platforms offer
aspiring entrepreneurs and small businesses a cost-effective avenue to reach
a broader customer base and expand their market presence. This
democratization of commerce enables individuals and businesses in remote
or underserved areas to participate in the global economy, driving job
creation and income generation.

Moreover, e-commerce facilitates access to a diverse range of goods and

services, overcoming geographical barriers and enhancing consumer choice.
In emerging markets where physical retail options may be limited, e-
commerce platforms provide consumers with access to a vast array of
products, including goods not readily available locally. This access to a
wider selection of goods enhances consumer welfare and satisfaction,
driving demand and consumption patterns.

Additionally, e-commerce plays a pivotal role in bridging the digital divide

and driving financial inclusion in emerging markets. By leveraging mobile
technology and digital payment solutions, e-commerce platforms enable
individuals without access to traditional banking services to participate in
online transactions. This not only expands the customer base for e-commerce
.businesses but also empowers individuals to engage in financial
transactions, saving time and resources previously spent on cash-based
transactions.

Furthermore, e-commerce serves as a catalyst for innovation and market

development in emerging markets. As businesses adapt to the digital
landscape, they are forced to innovate and tailor their offerings to meet the
unique needs and preferences of local consumers. This spurs competition
and drives improvements in product quality, service delivery, and pricing,
ultimately benefiting consumers and stimulating economic growth.

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In markets across the globe, e-commerce is revolutionizing the way
businesses operate and consumers shop. From established economies to
burgeoning markets, the utilization of e-commerce is widespread, offering a
multitude of benefits and opportunities.

In mature markets such as the United States and Western Europe, e-

commerce serves as a dominant retail channel, catering to the preferences of
tech-savvy consumers who value convenience, choice, and competitive
pricing. Online marketplaces like Amazon and eBay provide a one-stop shop
for a vast array of products, ranging from electronics and apparel to
groceries and household goods. Moreover, traditional retailers have
embraced e-commerce as a strategic imperative, leveraging omnichannel
strategies to seamlessly integrate online and offline shopping experiences
and enhance customer engagement.

In emerging markets such as China, India, and Brazil, e-commerce is

experiencing explosive growth, driven by rising internet penetration,
increasing smartphone adoption, and a burgeoning middle class. E-
commerce platforms like Alibaba, JD.com, and Flipkart have emerged as
juggernauts, dominating the online retail landscape and capturing the
attention of millions of consumers. These platforms offer a diverse range of
products and services tailored to the unique needs and preferences of local
consumers, from fast-moving consumer goods to luxury items and
electronics.

Moreover, e-commerce is transforming traditional markets and informal

economies in developing regions, enabling small businesses and
entrepreneurs to reach a global audience and compete with established
players. In Africa, for example, platforms like Jumia and Konga are
revolutionizing retail by connecting sellers and buyers across vast
geographic distances, overcoming logistical challenges and infrastructure
constraints. Similarly, in Southeast Asia, e-commerce marketplaces like
Shopee and Lazada are empowering local merchants to tap into the region's
burgeoning digital economy and capitalize on the growing appetite for online
shopping.

Furthermore, e-commerce is catalyzing innovation and entrepreneurship in

markets of all sizes, fostering the emergence of new business models,

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payment solutions, and logistics networks. In countries with nascent e-
commerce ecosystems, startups are leveraging technology and data analytics
to disrupt traditional industries and create new opportunities for economic
growth. From peer-to-peer marketplaces to subscription-based services, the
possibilities for e-commerce innovation are endless, driving job creation,
investment, and economic development in markets around the world.

Other uses of ecommerce than market

In addition to transforming traditional retail markets, e-commerce is

revolutionizing diverse sectors across industries. In the realm of education,
e-commerce platforms facilitate access to online courses, textbooks, and
educational materials, democratizing learning and expanding educational
opportunities for students worldwide.

In the healthcare sector, e-commerce enables the purchase of

pharmaceuticals, medical supplies, and healthcare services online, improving
access to healthcare products and telemedicine consultations, particularly in
remote or underserved areas.

Furthermore, in the realm of entertainment and media, e-commerce

platforms facilitate the distribution of digital content such as streaming
services, e-books, and digital downloads, providing consumers with on-
demand access to a wide range of entertainment options.

Additionally, in the travel and hospitality industry, e-commerce platforms

streamline the booking process for flights, hotels, and vacation rentals,
enhancing convenience and efficiency for travelers.

Moreover, in the realm of finance and banking, e-commerce facilitates

online banking, mobile payments, and digital lending, transforming
traditional financial services and fostering financial inclusion for
underserved populations.

Overall, the utilization of e-commerce extends beyond traditional markets,

permeating various sectors and reshaping the way businesses operate and
consumers interact with goods and services.

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 Challenges of ecommerce in marketplace

In the ever-evolving landscape of ecommerce marketplaces, several

challenges persist, posing hurdles for both established players and
burgeoning startups. One prominent issue revolves around ensuring a
seamless user experience amidst the vast array of products and sellers. With
numerous sellers offering similar products, maintaining visibility and
differentiation can be daunting. This intensifies the competition and
necessitates robust strategies for product placement, pricing, and branding to
capture consumer attention and foster loyalty.

Moreover, trust and security remain paramount concerns for both consumers
and sellers. Instances of fraud, data breaches, and counterfeit products erode
trust in online marketplaces, hindering growth and adoption. Establishing
and enforcing stringent security measures, including secure payment
gateways, robust authentication processes, and proactive monitoring for
fraudulent activities, are imperative to cultivate a safe and reliable
ecommerce environment.

Additionally, fostering transparent communication and efficient dispute

resolution mechanisms can further enhance trust and mitigate risks, fostering
a conducive marketplace ecosystem for all stakeholders.

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 Conclusion

E-commerce has the potential to revolutionize the economies of markets,

unlocking new opportunities for businesses, entrepreneurs, and consumers.
However, realizing this potential requires concerted efforts to address
challenges related to infrastructure, regulation, and consumer trust. This
research aims to shed light on the utilization of e-commerce in emerging
markets and provide actionable insights for stakeholders seeking to harness
its transformative power for sustainable development.

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 References
1. Singh Saud,Arjun &Bhusal,Roshan.(2077).E-
Commerce. Kriti Publications.
2. Google and Wikipedia.

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