Table of Contents

1. Introduction of Project............................................................................................................................1
Project Title: Smart Blind Stick with Obstacle Detection.............................................................................1
2. Components Used...................................................................................................................................1
3. Methodology + Program Used.................................................................................................................1
Circuit Design:..........................................................................................................................................1
Arduino Code:..........................................................................................................................................1
4. Results.....................................................................................................................................................3
Smart Blind Stick with Obstacle Detection:.............................................................................................3
5. Pictures of Project While Working...........................................................................................................3
6. Summary.................................................................................................................................................4
7. Future Works...........................................................................................................................................4
Possible Enhancements:..........................................................................................................................4
1. Introduction of Project

Project Title: Smart Blind Stick with Obstacle Detection

Purpose: The Smart Blind Stick project is a technological aid designed to enhance the mobility of visually
impaired individuals. By integrating an ultrasonic sensor with an Arduino Nano, this smart stick provides
real-time feedback about obstacles in the user's path. The system employs auditory and visual alerts
through a buzzer and a red LED, respectively, aiding users in navigating their surroundings safely and
independently.

2. Components Used
 Arduino Nano: The heart of the system, responsible for processing sensor data and controlling
output devices with its compact size suitable for wearable applications.
 Ultrasonic sensor (e.g., HC-SR04): An essential component that uses ultrasonic waves to
measure distances, allowing the stick to detect obstacles in its vicinity.
 Buzzer: A sound-producing device that provides auditory feedback by emitting alert tones when
an obstacle is detected.
 Red LED: A visual indicator that illuminates when an obstacle is detected, offering an additional
layer of feedback for users.
 9V Battery: A portable power source that ensures the stick's autonomy and allows users to
replace the battery easily.
 On/Off Switch: An accessible switch that allows users to control the power state of the smart
blind stick conveniently.
 Jumper wires: Essential for connecting components on the breadboard, facilitating a clean and
organized circuit layout.

3. Methodology + Program Used

Circuit Design:
 Connect the ultrasonic sensor to the Arduino Nano using jumper wires, with the trigPin and
echoPin appropriately connected.
 Connect the buzzer and red LED to digital output pins on the Arduino Nano, providing both
auditory and visual alerts.
 Connect the on/off switch between the 9V battery and the Vin/GND pins of the Arduino Nano,
enabling users to control the power.

Arduino Code:
const int trigPin = 10;

const int echoPin = 9;

const int buzzerPin = 8;

const int ledPin = 7;

const int obstacleThreshold = 20; // Adjust as needed for your environment

void setup() {

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(9600);

void loop() {

long duration, distance;

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

distance = (duration / 2) / 29.1;

if (distance < obstacleThreshold) {

activateAlerts();
 } else {

deactivateAlerts();

delay(500); // Adjust delay based on desired sensing frequency

void activateAlerts() {

digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH);

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

void deactivateAlerts() {

digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW);

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

}
4. Results
Smart Blind Stick with Obstacle Detection:
 The ultrasonic sensor accurately measures distances, providing precise obstacle detection.
 When an obstacle is detected within the predefined threshold, the buzzer emits an audible alert,
and the red LED provides a clear visual indicator.
 The smart blind stick assists users in navigating their environment, increasing safety and
independence.

5. Pictures of Project While Working

6. Summary
The Smart Blind Stick with Obstacle Detection is a user-centric solution that leverages technology to
empower visually impaired individuals. By integrating ultrasonic sensors, auditory alerts, and a visual
indicator, the stick enhances users' spatial awareness, enabling them to navigate their surroundings
confidently. The project demonstrates the potential of assistive technology in fostering independence
and accessibility.

7. Future Works
Possible Enhancements:
 Bluetooth Connectivity: Explore integrating Bluetooth for connection to a smartphone app,
providing additional features and customization.
 Vibration Alerts: Consider incorporating vibration motors to offer tactile feedback in addition to
auditory and visual alerts.
 Obstacle Classification: Enhance the system to classify different types of obstacles, providing
more detailed information to users.
 Compact Design: Focus on miniaturization and ergonomic design for improved user comfort and
portability.