1** .What is a database**?
a) A collection of unrelated data
b) A collection of related data
c) A programming language
d) A type of software
** Answer: b) A collection of related data**
2** .Which of the following is a characteristic of a database**?
a) Data isolation
b) Data redundancy
c) Data sharing
d) Data inconsistency
** Answer: c) Data sharing**
3** .A Database Management System (DBMS) is primarily used for**:
a) Data processing
b) Data storage
c) Data management
d) Data analysis
** Answer: c) Data management**
4** .Which of the following is NOT a function of a DBMS**?
a) Defining the database
b) Constructing the database
c) Creating user interfaces
d) Manipulating the database
** Answer: c) Creating user interfaces**
5** .In the context of databases, what does 'metadata' refer to**?
a) Data about data
b) Historical data
c) Real-time data
d) User data
** Answer: a) Data about data**
6** .Which type of data model is closest to how users perceive data**?
a) Physical data model
b) Conceptual data model
c) Logical data model
d) None of the above
** Answer: b) Conceptual data model**
7** .What is the purpose of a schema in a database**?
a) To store data
b) To describe the structure of the database
c) To process queries
d) To secure data
** Answer: b) To describe the structure of the database**
8** .Which component of a database system ensures data integrity and consistency**?
a) DBMS
b) Schema
c) Data model
d) Data dictionary
** Answer: a) DBMS**
9** .What is a 'database state**?'
a) The structure of the database
b) The data stored in the database at a particular moment
c) The software managing the database
d) The relationship between tables
** Answer: b) The data stored in the database at a particular moment**
10** .Which of the following is an example of a DBMS**?
a) HTML
b) SQL
c) Oracle
d) Java
** Answer: c) Oracle**
11** .A DBMS allows for data to be**:
a) Retrieved
b) Inserted
c) Updated
d) All of the above
** Answer: d) All of the above**
12** .Which term refers to the part of the real world about which data is stored in a
database**?
a) Meta-world
b) Mini-world
c) Micro-world
d) Data-world
** Answer: b) Mini-world**
13** .Which feature of a database system allows multiple users to access data concurrently**?
a) Data redundancy
b) Data isolation
c) Data concurrency
d) Data integrity
** Answer: c) Data concurrency**
14** .Which of the following is NOT a typical function of a DBMS**?
a) Data storage
b) Data retrieval
c) Data analysis
d) Data modification
** Answer: c) Data analysis**
15** .Which of the following best describes 'data independence**?'
a) Ability to change data without affecting the application
b) Ability to retrieve data quickly
c) Ability to store data in multiple locations
d) Ability to secure data
** Answer: a) Ability to change data without affecting the application**
16** .The process of defining a database involves specifying**:
a) Data types
b) Structures
c) Constraints
d) All of the above
** Answer: d) All of the above**
17** .Which of the following is a high-level data model**?
a) Relational model
b) Network model
c) Object-based model
d) Hierarchical model
** Answer: c) Object-based model**
18** .What does 'DBA' stand for**?
a) Database Application
b) Database Administrator
c) Database Analysis
d) Database Access
** Answer: b) Database Administrator**
19** .Which type of user interacts with the database directly through query languages**?
a) Casual user
b) Naive user
c) System analyst
d) Application developer
** Answer: a) Casual user**
20** .Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using the database approach**?
a) Reducing redundancy
b) Enforcing security
c) Providing persistent storage
d) Increasing data isolation
** Answer: d) Increasing data isolation**
21** .Which type of database application is used for analysis and reporting**?
a) OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)
b) OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)
c) GIS (Geographic Information System)
d) NOSQL databases
** Answer: b) OLAP (Online Analytical Processing**)
22** .A primary key in a database is used to**:
a) Uniquely identify each record
b) Link two tables together
c) Define the structure of the database
d) Ensure data security
** Answer: a) Uniquely identify each record**
23** .Which of the following is an example of a physical data model**?
a) ER model
b) Relational model
c) File-based model
d) None of the above
** Answer: c) File-based model**
24** .In a relational database, data is organized into**:
a) Hierarchies
b) Networks
c) Tables
d) Objects
** Answer: c) Tables**
25** .Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the database approach**?
a) Program-data independence
b) Multiple user views
c) Insulation between programs and data
d) High data redundancy
** Answer: d) High data redundancy**
26** .The conceptual schema describes**:
a) The physical storage structure of the database
b) The logical structure of the database
c) The user views of the database
d) The hardware used to store the database
** Answer: b) The logical structure of the database**
27** .Which of the following best describes 'data redundancy**?'
a) Storing the same data in multiple places
b) Ensuring data accuracy
c) Controlling data access
d) Retrieving data quickly
** Answer: a) Storing the same data in multiple places**
28** .Which database user is responsible for authorizing access to the database**?
a) Database Designer
b) End User
c) Database Administrator
d) System Analyst
** Answer: c) Database Administrator**
29** .What is a 'view' in a database context**?
a) A way to retrieve data
b) A virtual table representing data from one or more tables
c) A method of storing data
d) A database schema
** Answer: b) A virtual table representing data from one or more tables**
30** .Which type of data model is used to describe the data at a high level of abstraction**?
a) Physical data model
b) Conceptual data model
c) Internal data model
d) None of the above
** Answer: b) Conceptual data model**
31** .Which of the following ensures that data entered into the database is accurate and
consistent**?
a) Constraints
b) Redundancy
c) Views
d) Indexes
** Answer: a) Constraints**
32** .An entity in a database refers to**:
a) A specific object or thing in the mini-world
b) The attributes of an object
c) The relationships between objects
d) The operations on the data
** Answer: a) A specific object or thing in the mini-world**
33** .Which term refers to the separation of the user applications from the physical
database**?
a) Logical independence
b) Physical independence
c) Data abstraction
d) Data independence
** Answer: c) Data abstraction**
34** .Which of the following is a component of the database environment**?
a) Hardware
b) Software
c) People
d) All of the above
** Answer: d) All of the above**
35** .Which of the following is a responsibility of the database administrator (DBA)**?
a) Database design
b) Database maintenance
c) Database security
d) All of the above
** Answer: d) All of the above**
36** .What does 'OLTP' stand for in the context of databases**?
a) Online Transaction Processing
b) Offline Transaction Processing
c) Online Text Processing
d) Offline Text Processing
** Answer: a) Online Transaction Processing**
37** .Which of the following
is a disadvantage of a file-based system compared to a database system**?
a) Data redundancy
b) Data integrity
c) Data sharing
d) Data security
** Answer: a) Data redundancy**
38** .In a relational database, a row in a table represents**:
a) An attribute
b) A record
c) A table
d) A schema
** Answer: b) A record**
39** .What is the role of a data dictionary in a DBMS**?
a) To store actual data
b) To store metadata
c) To store user data
d) To store backup data
** Answer: b) To store metadata**
40** .Which of the following operations can be performed using Data Manipulation Language
(DML)**?
a) Create a table
b) Update records
c) Define constraints
d) Set permissions
** Answer: b) Update records**
41** .Which of the following is an advantage of the database approach**?
a) Improved data integrity
b) Increased data redundancy
c) Lower initial investment
d) Simplicity of use
** Answer: a) Improved data integrity**
42** .What does 'ER' stand for in the ER model used in databases**?
a) Entity-Relationship
b) Entity-Record
c) Entity-Role
d) Entity-Registry
** Answer: a) Entity-Relationship**
43** .In database terminology, what is a 'tuple**?'
a) A row in a table
b) A column in a table
c) A constraint on data
d) A type of key
** Answer: a) A row in a table**
44** .Which of the following is NOT a component of a relational database**?
a) Tables
b) Records
c) Attributes
d) Nodes
** Answer: d) Nodes**
45** .Which of the following is an example of a high-level, non-procedural query language**?
a) SQL
b) C++
c) Java
d) Python
** Answer: a) SQL**
46** .What is the purpose of normalization in databases**?
a) To reduce redundancy and improve data integrity
b) To increase redundancy and improve data integrity
c) To create more tables
d) To enhance security
** Answer: a) To reduce redundancy and improve data integrity**
47** .In a database, a foreign key is used to**:
a) Uniquely identify records in a table
b) Create a relationship between two tables
c) Define the primary key
d) Store large objects
** Answer: b) Create a relationship between two tables**
48** .What is the main purpose of a database query**?
a) To modify the database schema
b) To retrieve specific data from the database
c) To define the database structure
d) To ensure database security
** Answer: b) To retrieve specific data from the database**
49** .Which of the following best describes a 'record' in a database table**?
a) A single piece of data
b) A collection of related fields
c) A method of accessing data
d) A set of constraints
** Answer: b) A collection of related fields**
50** .Which of the following is used to enforce referential integrity in a database**?
a) Primary key
b) Foreign key
c) Index
d) View
** Answer: b) Foreign key**
