SURFACE J343

REV.
JAN2004
VEHICLE
STANDARD Issued 1968-06
Revised 2004-01

Superseding J343 JUL2001

Test and Test Procedures for SAE 100R Series

Hydraulic Hose and Hose Assemblies

This document is technically equivalent to ISO 6605 except as noted in the Foreword.

Foreword—SAE J343 has been revised to be technically equivalent to ISO 6605, except that additional tests in
paragraphs 4.9 to 4.14 were included.

1. Scope—This SAE Standard gives methods for testing and evaluating performance of the SAE 100R series of
hydraulic hose and hose assemblies (hose and attached end fittings) used in hydraulic fluid power systems.

Specific tests and performance criteria for evaluating hose assemblies used in hydraulic service are in
accordance with the requirements for hose in the respective specifications of SAE J517.

This document further establishes a uniform means of testing and evaluating performance of hydraulic hose
assemblies.

2. References

2.1 Applicable Publications—The following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specified
herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply.

2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATION—Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.

SAE J517—Hydraulic Hose

2.1.2 ASTM PUBLICATIONS—Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

ASTM D 380—Standard Methods of Testing Rubber Hose

2.1.3 ISO PUBLICATIONS—Available from ANSI, 25 West 43nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.

ISO 3448—Industrial liquid lubricants—ISO viscosity classification

ISO 6605—Hydraulic fluid power—Hose assemblies—Method of test

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Copyright © 2003 SAE International
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 SAE J343 Revised JAN2004

3. Test Procedures—The test procedures described in the current issue of ASTM D 380 shall be followed.
However, in cases of conflict between the ASTM specifications and those described as follows, the latter shall
take precedence. Unless otherwise specified in this document, or other SAE standards, tests shall be
conducted at the prevailing ambient temperature of the testing facility.

4. Standard Tests

WARNING—Water or another liquid suitable for the hose under test shall be used as the test medium.
The use of air and other gaseous materials as testing media should be avoided because of
the risk to operators. In special cases where such media are required for the tests, strict
safety measures are imperative. Furthermore, it is stressed that when a liquid is used as
the test medium, it is essential that all air is expelled from the test piece because of the risk
of injury to the operator due to the sudden expansion of trapped air released when the hose
bursts.

4.1 Dimensional Check Test—The hose shall be inspected for conformity to all dimensions tabulated in the
applicable specification.

Determine finished outside diameters and reinforcement diameters, where required, by calculation from
measurement of the respective circumference.

As an alternative, use a flexible tape graduated to read the diameter directly.

Measure the inside diameter by means of a suitable expanding ball or telescoping gage.

Measure concentricity over both the reinforcement and the finished outside diameters using either a dial
indicator gage or a micrometer.

Round the foot of the measuring instrument to conform to the inside diameter of the hose.

Take readings at 90 degree intervals around the hose

NOTE—Acceptability is based on the total variation between the high and the low readings.

Take inside and outside diameter measurements at a minimum of 25 mm from the hose ends and concentricity
measurements at a minimum of 13 mm from the hose ends.

4.2 Proof Test—Test the hose assemblies hydrostatically to the specified proof pressure for a period of not less
than 30 s nor more than 60 s.

There shall be no indication of failure or leakage.

4.3 Change in Length Test—Conduct measurements for the determination of elongation or contraction on a
previously untested, unaged hose assembly having at least 600 mm length of free hose between hose fittings.

Attach the hose assembly to the pressure source in an unrestricted straight position. If the hose is not straight
due to its natural curvature, it may be fastened laterally to achieve a straight position. Pressurize to the
specified operating pressure for a period of 30 s, then release the pressure.

Place accurate reference marks 500 mm apart on the outer cover of the hose, midway between fittings, after
allowing the hose assembly to restabilize for a period of 30 s following pressure release.

Repressurize the hose assembly to the specified operating pressure for a period of 30 s.

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 SAE J343 Revised JAN2004

Measure the final length while the hose is pressurized. The final length is the distance between reference
marks while the hose is pressurized.

Complete the determination of the change in length using Equation 1:

l1 – l0
∆l = -------------- × 100 (Eq. 1)
l0

where:

l0 is the distance between the reference marks when the hose was not pressurized following the initial
pressurization;
l1 is the distance between the reference marks under pressure;
∆l is the percentage change in length, which will be positive (+) in the case of an increase in length and
negative (−) in the case of a decrease in length.

4.4 Burst Test—Subject unaged hose assemblies, on which the end fittings have been attached for not more than
30 days, to a hydrostatic pressure, increased at a constant rate so as to attain the specified minimum burst
pressure within a period of not less than 15 s nor more than 60 s.

Reject hose assemblies showing leakage, hose burst or indication of failure below the specified minimum burst
pressure.

NOTE—This is a destructive test. Assemblies which have been subjected to this test shall be destroyed.

4.5 Cold Bend Test—Subject hose assemblies to the specified temperature in a straight position for 24 h.

Then, while still at the specified temperature, the samples shall be evenly and uniformly bent once over a
mandrel having a diameter equal to twice the specified minimum bend radius. Bending shall be accomplished
within a period of not less than 8 s nor more than 12 s.

In the case of hose sizes up to and including 22 mm nominal inside diameter, bend them through 180 degrees
over the mandrel; in the case of hose sizes larger than 22 mm nominal inside diameter, bend them through
90 degrees over the mandrel.

After bending, allow the sample to warm to room temperature, visually examine it for cover cracks and subject
it to the proof test. There shall be no cover cracks or leakage. (In lieu of the bending test, hoses larger than
22 mm nominal inside diameter may be considered acceptable if samples of tube and cover pass the Low
Temperature Test on Tube and Cover of ASTM D 380.)

Reject any samples with visible cracks or leakage.

NOTE—This is a destructive test. Assemblies which have been subjected to this test shall be destroyed.

4.6 Impulse Test—The impulse test has two categories:

1. High pressure, which covers pressures higher than 3 MPa

2. Low pressure, which covers 1.5 MPa to 3 MPa

Test four unaged hose assemblies with end fittings, which have been attached for not more than 30 days.
Where the individual standard requires, also test aged hose assemblies.

Calculate the free (exposed) length of hose under test, shown on Figure 1, as follows:

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 SAE J343 Revised JAN2004

a. Hose sizes up to and including 22 mm nominal inside diameter (see Equation 2):

180 degrees bend free length = π ( r + d ⁄ 2 ) + 2d (Eq. 2)

b. Hose sizes larger than 22 mm nominal inside diameter (see Equation 3):

90 degrees bend free length = π ⁄ 2 ( r + d ⁄ 2 ) + 2d (Eq. 3)

where:

r = minimum bend radius;

d = hose outside diameter.

NOTE—Use d = 25.4 mm until d is equal to or greater than 25.4 mm.

FIGURE 1—TEST SPECIMEN FOR PRESSURE IMPULSE TEST

Connect the test pieces to the apparatus. The test pieces shall be installed according to Figure 1. Test pieces
of hose of nominal inside diameter up to and including 22 mm shall be bent through 180 degrees and hoses of
nominal inside diameter larger than 22 mm shall be bent through 90 degrees.

Select a test fluid from ISO VG 32 to VG 100 at 40 °C per ISO 3448, and circulate it at a rate sufficient to
maintain a uniform fluid temperature within the hose assemblies. Other fluids may be used as agreed upon
between the customer and the manufacturer.

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 SAE J343 Revised JAN2004

Test the hose at the impulse test pressure indicated in the individual specification. The test fluid shall be
circulated through the assemblies at the specified temperature with a tolerance of ± 3 °C. Cooling or heating of
the test chamber shall not be permitted, except when individual standards require testing with synthetic base
test fluids at a temperature higher than 150 °C. When such higher temperatures are required, the impulse test
fluid need not be circulated if both the fluid and the assemblies are externally heated in the test chamber, at the
specified temperature with a tolerance of ± 5 °C.

Apply a pulsating pressure internally to the hose assemblies at a rate described in the category chosen and
record the frequency used. The pressure cycle shall fall within the shaded area of either Figure 2 or Figure 3,
depending upon the test category and conform as closely as possible to the curve shown.

NOTE 1—Secant pressure rise is the straight line drawn through two points on the pressure rise curve; one
point at 15% of the test pressure and the other at 85% of the test pressure
NOTE 2—Point '0' is the intersection of the secant pressure rise with 0 pressure.
NOTE 3—Pressure rise rate is the slope of the secant pressure rise expressed in MPa/s.
NOTE 4—Cycle rate shall be uniform at 0.5 to 1.3 Hz.

FIGURE 2—PRESSURE IMPULSE WAVE FORM ENVELOPE FOR

HIGH PRESSURE IMPULSE TEST CATEGORY 1

The nominal rate of pressure rise shall be equal to that shown on Equation 4:

R = f ( 10p – k ) (Eq. 4)

where:

R = rate of pressure rise in MPa/s

f = frequency in Hz
p = nominal impulse test pressure in MPa
k = 5 MPa

The actual rate of pressure rise shall be determined as shown on Figure 2, and shall be within a tolerance of
± 10% of the calculated nominal value.

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 SAE J343 Revised JAN2004

NOTE 1—Cycle rate shall be uniform at 0.2 to 1.0 Hz.

NOTE 2—The pressure rise rate shall be contained within the wave form envelope.

FIGURE 3—PRESSURE IMPULSE WAVE FORM ENVELOPE FOR

LOW PRESSURE IMPULSE TEST CATEGORY 2

Determine the duration of the impulse test in total number of cycles by the individual standard for the hose
assemblies. Where aged samples are required, refer to the individual standards.

It is recommended the test fluid be changed frequently to prevent breakdown.

NOTE—This is a destructive test. Assemblies, which have been subjected to this test, shall be destroyed.

4.7 Leakage Test—Subject unaged hose assemblies, on which the end fittings have been attached for not more
than 30 days, to a hydrostatic pressure of 70% of the specified minimum burst pressure for a period of between
5.0 to 5.5 min.

Reduce the fluid pressure to 0 MPa.

Re-apply the 70% of minimum burst hydrostatic pressure for another 5.0 to 5.5 min period.

Reject assemblies showing leakage or failure.

NOTE—This is a destructive test. Assemblies which have been subjected to this test shall be destroyed.

4.8 Visual Examination of Product—All bulk hose shall be visually inspected to see that the hose identification
has been properly applied and all assemblies shall be inspected to determine that the correct fittings are
properly installed.

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 SAE J343 Revised JAN2004

4.9 Oil Resistance Test—After 70 h immersion in ASTM Emergency Standard Practice IRM903 oil at the
designated temperature, the volume change of specimens taken from the hose inner tube and cover shall be
within the specified limits.

4.10 Ozone Resistance Test—Hydraulic hose shall be tested for resistance of the cover compound to ozone in
accordance with the latest issue of ASTM D 380, except that the mandrel shall be a diameter twice the
minimum bend radius specified in the individual hose standard, and the cover shall be examined at the
completion of the test under 7X magnification.

4.11 Electrical Conductivity Test (for thermoplastic hose only)—Hose assemblies having a free length of
152 mm ± 13 mm without fluid and capped to prevent entry of moisture shall be exposed to a minimum of 85%
relative humidity at 24 °C ± 3 °C for a period of 168 h. Surface moisture shall be removed prior to testing.

Conditioned assemblies shall have one end fitting attached to the lead from a source of 60 Hz sinusoidal,
37.5 kV (rms) electricity. This lead shall be suspended by dry fabric strings so that the hose hangs free, at
least 600 mm from any extraneous objects. The lower end of the hose shall be connected to ground through a
1000 to 1 000 000 Ω resistor, keeping the resistor near the end of the hose. A suitable AC voltmeter shall be
connected across the resistor, using a fully shielded cable with the shielding well grounded. Thirty-seven and
one-half kV shall be applied to the specimen for 5 min and a current reading taken. This current shall not
exceed the value specified.

4.12 Electrical Conductivity Test (PTFE hose only)—Test specimen shall be a 330 mm ± 10 mm cut length of
hose with fitting attached to one end and the reinforcing braid flared away from the PTFE tube on the opposite
end to prevent contact with the free end of the tube. The inner surface of the tube shall be cleaned, first with
naphtha dry cleaning fluid or Stoddard solvent, and then with isopropyl alcohol to remove surface
contamination, followed by thorough drying at room temperature.

Relative humidity shall be kept below 70% and room temperature between 16 °C and 32 °C.

The specimen shall be mounted in a vertical position as shown in Figure 4. The adapter at the base is simply
a convenient means of assuring proper electrical contact if a swivel female fitting is chosen, and may be
omitted if a male fitting is used. In either case, the electrode must be insulated from ground.

A mercury or salt water solution electrode shall be provided at the upper end as shown, by inserting a
nonmetallic plug with an O-ring seal to a distance of 75 mm from the end of the tubing, thus providing an
average test length of 255 mm. Mercury or salt water solution shall then be added to a level 25 mm above the
plug. Any suitable conductor to this electrode may be used, including a threaded end attached to the plug if so
desired. Concentration of salt water, if used, shall be 450 g NaCl per liter of H2O.

1000 V DC shall be applied between the upper electrode and the lower electrode (adapter or male fitting hex).
The current shall be measured with an instrument with a sensitivity of at least 1 µA (1 × 10−6 A).

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 SAE J343 Revised JAN2004

FIGURE 4—CONDUCTIVITY TEST DIAGRAM

4.13 Resistance to Vacuum Test—The hose shall not blister nor show any other indication of failure when
subjected to the specified vacuum for a period of 5 min. Where practicable, one end of the hose shall be
equipped with a transparent cap and electric light to permit visual examination for failure. Where the length or
size of the hose precludes visual examination, failure shall be determined by inability to pass through the hose
a ball or cylinder 6.5 mm less in diameter than the bore of hoses of 12.5 mm nominal inside diameter and
larger. For hoses under 12.5 mm nominal inside diameter, a ball or cylinder 3.0 mm smaller in diameter than
the bore shall be used.

4.14 Volumetric Expansion Test—Volumetric expansion tests shall be run in accordance with the current issue of
ASTM D 380.

5. Notes

5.1 Marginal Indicia—The change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating
areas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the left
of the document title indicates a complete revision of the report.

PREPARED BY THE SAE FLUID CONDUCTORS AND CONNECTORS TECHNICAL

COMMITTEE SC2—HYDRAULIC HOSE AND HOSE FITTINGS

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 SAE J343 Revised JAN2004

Rationale—We have recently been questioned as to, Section 4.6 Impulse testing, having a back-pressure of
1 Mpa when testing a low pressure hose at 1.38 Mpa. Also questions have been asked about the
requirement of a single viscosity of oil and the placement of the information on calculation of hose length
of impulse samples. All of these questions have been addressed with the changes in Section 4.6. The
addition of a new Low pressure impulse wave and it requirements, the movement of the calculation and
figures of the hose length determination to the beginning of Section 4.6 and the addition of a range of oil
viscosity.

Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO Standard—This document is technically equivalent to ISO/DIS 6605
except that additional tests in paragraphs 4.9 to 4.14 were included.

Application—This SAE Standard is intended to establish uniform methods for the testing and performance
evaluation of the SAE 100R series of hydraulic hose and hose assemblies. The specific tests and
performance criteria applicable to each variety of hose and/or assemblies made therefrom are set forth
in the respective specifications of SAE J517.

Reference Section

SAE J51—Hydraulic Hose

ASTM D 380—Standard Methods of Testing Rubber Hose

ASTM D 518—Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface Cracking

ASTM D 622—Methods of Testing Rubber Hose for Automotive Air and Vacuum Brake System

ASTM D 1149—Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface Ozone Cracking in a Chamber (Flat
Specimens)

ISO 3448—Industrial liquid lubricants—ISO viscosity classification

ISO 6605—Hydraulic fluid power—Hose assemblies—Method of test

Developed by the SAE Fluid Conductors and Connectors Technical Committee SC2—Hydraulic Hose and
Hose Fittings

Sponsored by the SAE Fluid Conductors and Connectors Technical Committee