DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICALENGINEERING

COMMUNITY BASED TRAINING PROGRAM (CBTP)

( Demographic survey and problem Identification Phase I, TCBTP
1001)

AWETU MENDERA

1
 Conducted by;- Biomedical group 1 sub-group

Supervised by:- Tewdros

Submission date;-

Submitted to;-

Page | 2
 GROUP MEMEBERS

Name ID no

1. MANUHE FEREHIWOT RU1845/10

2. MENSUR BEDRU RU2074/08

3. LIYA MENGESHA RU1936/08

4 LAMESGEN RU4385/07

5. Mekdes Addis RU2296/08

6. Mohammed Mudesir RU1881/08

7. Mohammed Zenu RU1162/08

8. Musbaha Aman RU1783/08

9. Saron Yetimgeta RU1331/08

10. Yirael Tibebu RU2021/08

Page |

Acknowledgement

First of all we would like to thank Jimma University for the invention of this appreciable
philosophical idea to get students better experience to work with community.

In the process of conducting and organizing this project work, sincerely we thank Jimma
University Institute of technology for providing all the necessary things to fulfill and success of
this project.

3
We also want to thank CBE (Community Based Education) office for providing as the facilities
needed for accomplishment of the project, like transportation.

In addition, our greatest gratitude goes to our supervisors Tewros Yemiyamrew W. for spending
their golden time in correcting us, sharing their experience and ideas from their very onset to our
work which has made our duty easy to handle. Honestly we need to offer special thanks to our
supervisors for offering us guidance, professional suggestion, advice and constructive critics.

We would like to thank JU transportation service unit. And also the student cafeteria service; for
being responsible to food which student were using during the data collecting program.

Finally a special thank goes to Awetu Mendra community for their hospitality and cooperation,
and we are extremely indebted to kebele leaders to give us all the information about villages and
friendly/parentally cooperation.

ABSTRACT
This study was conducted in kebele named Awetu mendera, which is the administrative center of
Awetu Mendera Wereda in Jimma Zone, Oromia region, to conduct demographic survey and
community problem identification which is the first phase of the course. Based on the findings of
the study we expect that the study reveals some valuable new facts and suitable figure of the
community is drawn to give help for the department of Biomedical Engineering to conduct
problem solving biomedical research, to draw conclusion and give solution for those problems
concerning Awetu mendera Kebele.

Page | 4
Contents
CHAPTER ONE.....................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................1

1.1 Educational philosophy of Jimma University......................................................................1 1.2

Objective of the program ............................................,...................................................................1

CHAPTER TWO......................................................................................................................................3.

HOUSE HOLD SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION

.........................................3

5
 2.1Age,Sex and Religion ................................................................................................................3

2.2 Religion......................................................................................................................................4

2.3 Ethnicity.....................................................................................................................................5

2.4 Level of education....................................................................................................................6

2.5 Occupational Status................................................................................................................7

2.6 Marital Status..........................................................................................................................8

2.7 Income and Assets ................................................................................................................9

CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................................11

AVAILABILITY OF BIOMEDICAL FACILITIES..............................................................................11

3.1 Biomedical Facilities Availability ..........................................................................................11

3.2 Available health institutions in the vicinity ..........................................................................11

3.3 Better Health Institutions ......................................................................................................12

3.4 Cheaper Health Institution ....................................................................................................12

3.5 Diagnostic Service related to instrument failure..................................................................13

3.6 Facility of preferred health institution for children care .....................................................13

3.7 Availability of health institution in the vicinity......................................................................13

3.8 Health Institution that provides better maternity service ..................................................14

3.9 Referral case to due to non-Availability or Failure of Instruments....................................15

CHAPTER FOUR ...................................................................................................................................16

FAMILY HEALTH CARE AND FINANCE.........................................................................................16

4.1 Number of people who purify water during rainy season...................................................16

4.2 Availability of first aid box.....................................................................................................17

4.3 Availability of Biomedical apparatus in the house .............................................................17

4.4 Average Money Spend per Month For family Health ..........................................................17

4.5 Availability of Free Medical service.....................................................................................18

4.6 Managing Excessive Medical expenses.............................................................................18

4.7 Availability of Handicapped person in House ....................................................................19

4.8 Health Institution Visited by People....................................................................................19

4.9 Are the People Satisfied by the Service of Health Institution?.........................................20

Page | 6
 4.10 Recommended Health Institution for Friends..................................................................20

CHAPTER FIVE ...................................................................................................................................22

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION................................................................................22

5.1 problems related to environmental issues ..........................................................................22

5.2 Recommendations.................................................................................................................22

5.3 Finally .....................................................................................................................................22

Table 1; Age distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele........................................................................3 Table

2; Sex distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele........................................................................4 Table 3;
Religion distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele....................................................................4
Table 4; Ethnicity distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele..................................................................5 Table
5; Educational status distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele .................................................6 Table 6;
Occupational status distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele .............................................7 Table 7; Marital
status distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele..........................................................8 Table 8; Income and
Asset distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele.................................................9 Table 9; Availability of
health institutions in the vicinity ................................................................11 Table 10; Better health

7
institution availability................................................................................12 Table 11; Availability of
health institution in the vicinity................................................................13 Table 12; Health Institution
that provides better maternity service...............................................14 Table 13; Number of people who
purify water during rainy season................................................16 Table 14;Availability of first aid box in
vicinity .................................................................................17 Table 15; Average money spend per month
for family Health........................................................18 Table 16; Managing Excessive Medical
expenses...........................................................................18 Table 17; Health Institution Visited by
People...................................................................................19
Table 18; Recommended Health Institution for Friends...................................................................20

Figure 1; Age distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele.....................................................................3 Figure

2; Sex distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele .....................................................................4 Figure 3;
Religion distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele ..................................................................5
Figure 4; Ethnicity distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele...............................................................6 Figure
5; Educational status distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele..............................................7 Figure 6;
Occupational status distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele..........................................8 Figure 7; Marital
status distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele ........................................................9 Figure 8; Income and
Asset distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele..............................................10 Figure 9 Availability of
health institutions in the vicinity................................................................11 Figure 10; Better health
institution availability ..................................................................................12
Figure 11; Availability of health institution in the vicinity .................................................................14
Figure 12; Health Institution that provides better maternity service............................................15 Figure
13; Number of people who purify water during rainy season ...........................................16 Figure
14;Availability of first aid box in vicinity.............................................................................17 Figure 15 ;
Average moneys pend per month for family Health ....................................................18 Figure 16;
Managing Excessive Medical expenses .......................................................................19 Figure 17; Health
Institution Visited by People..................................................................................20
Figure 18; Recommended Health Institution for Friends .................................................................21

Page | 8
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Educational Philosophy of Jimma University

Jimma University is among the prominent universities of Ethiopia established in 1983, formerly
known as Jimma institute of Health science. Thus, the institute is established having the
objective to deal with the field of health science for fulfillment of the goals of primary health
care.

 CBTP is the recent Jimma University philosophical discovery which is a course

intended to create problem identification, problem solving, productivity and industrious
individuals.
 In addition CBTP is an integrated institutional program which runs in phase from first
year to graduation along with an inbuilt regular follow-up program.
 Implementing CBE in Jimma University is designed on the following main programs.
With the (n-1) phase, during the total five years of the teaching and learning duration. 7
 Multi- disciplinary training
 Integrated training, service and research

1.2 Objective of the program

1.2.1 General Objectives

To have a good awareness about;-
Modifying demographic socio-economic and environmental aspects of a given
community
Plan and conduct problem oriented research
Improving student skills in different environmental aspects
Showing sustainable development with the community
To know the community economically, socially and their interaction with the existing
environment.
Create healthy interaction of the community with the students
Observing clean and improved community
Creating self-steamed and problem solving community

9
1.2.2 Specific objectives
To have better understanding about;-
Household’s socio-economic and demographic questions

Income and assets

Biomedical facilities availability
Family health care availability

CHAPTER TWO

HOUSE HOLD SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC

COMPOSITION

2.1 Age, Sex and Religion

Figure 1; Age distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele

Page | 10
2.1.1 Age
According to the stored data we got from the administrative office of the Kebele, the total
population of human is 12,597. Out of this we have visited and collected a clear data from 100
households in two days.

Age Number of people Percentage

0-9 44 9.61
10-18 52 11.35
19-29 140 30.57
30-49 145 31.66
≥50 77 16.81
Total 458 100
Table 1; Age distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele

2.1.2 Sex

Out of those 100 householders 225 of them are Male and 233 of them are Female.

SEX Number of people Percent

Female 233 50.87
Male 225 49.13
Total 458 100
Table 2; Sex distribution

Female Male

11
 2.2 Religion

In this kebele there exist different religion followers. We will try to represent this data as
follows.

Religion Number of Percent

followers
Muslim 96 20.79
Orthodox 269 58.73
Protestant 70 15.48
Other 23 5
Total 458 100
Table 3; Religion distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele

Figure 3; Religion distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele

2.3 Ethnicity

Different nations and nationalities do exist in this kebele. But the most dominant nations
collected in our data are the following.

Nations Number of people Percent

Oromo 189 41.26
Amhara 153 33.41

Page | 12
Tigre 57 12.45
SNNPR 59 12.88
Total 458 100
Table 4; Ethnicity distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele

Figure 4; Ethnicity distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele

2.4 Level of education

The householders in the kebele are in different educational status.

Level of education Number of people Percent

Illiterate 24 5.29
KG 20 4.36
Primary 135 29.47
Secondary 142 31
Higher 137 29.88
Total 458 100

13
 Table 5; Educational status distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele

Series 1

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Illiterate KG Primary Secondary Higher

Series 1

Fig 5; educational status distribution

Page | 14
2.5 Occupational Status
Most of the house holders have got a burden to lead and support the whole family. To fulfill this
they used to work different jobs.

Private works includes metal work, hair salon and similar skill related works.

Occupational Status Number of People Percentage

Government Employee 198 43.23
Labor worker 30 6.55
Merchants (In less extent) 61 13.32
Private Work 152 33.18
None 17 3.72
Total 458 100
Table 6; Occupational status distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele

Figure 6; Occupational status distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele

2.6 Marital Status

Most of the householders in our data are married and have family members which are not less
than three. But there are also members who get divorced.

15
 Marital Status Number of People Percent
Married 189 41.26
Single 253 55.24
Divorced 16 3.5
Total 458 100
Table 7; Maritial status

Married Single Divorced

2.7 Income and Assets

In Awetu Mendera the population income is based on the following means, Trade, House rent,
labor works and other small businesses. We also met people who got an income by donations
from different individuals and their children.

Most people were not sure about their income amount and some were refusing to tell the exact
income they got. We were only able to have 76 volunteers out 100 households visited. It was the
most difficult data to be collected genuinely.

Income per house In number In percent

< 6000 6 7.89
6,000 ≤ X < 12, 000 12 15.79
12,000 ≤ X <24,000 23 30.26
24,000 ≤ X < 60,000 22 28.95

Page | 16
≥ 60,000 13 17.11
Total 76 100
Table 8; Income and Asset distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele
35

30

25

20

15

10

0
<6000 6000 < X < 12000 < X < 24000 < X < > 60000
12000 24000 60000

In Number %

Fig 8;Income and Asset distribution of Awetu Mendera Kebele

CHAPTER THREE

AVAILABILITY OF BIOMEDICAL FACILITIES

3.1 Biomedical Facilities Availability

3.1.1 Preferred Health Institution

Almost each house holders we have interviewed has visited health centers at least once. For the question
asking where they prefer to go while any of the family member gets ill, out of the 100 people been visited
43 of them go with private clinics. The rest 57 prefer Public health institutions.

17
 3.2 Available health institutions in the vicinity

From the collected data we have noticed that there are a number of health institutions in the vicinity.

Type of health institution Number Percentage

Public 56 56
Private 34 34
Treat in House 3 3
Other method 7 7
Total 100 100
Table

Figure 9 ;-Availability of health institutions in the vicinity

3.3 Better Health Institutions

Among the 100 householders we visited, 78 of them picked the private clinics to be a better
health institution. Which means 78% of them believes that private clinics give a better service.
The rest 22, which are 22% of the total, suggests the public health institution as the better one.

Better Health Institution Number of People per house Percentage

Private Health Institution 78 78
Public Health Institution 22 22
Total 100 100
Table 10; Better health institution availability

Figure 10; Better health institution availability

Page | 18
 3.4 Cheaper Health Institution
The community suggests the Public health institution as the cheapest one. From 100 house
holders interviewed all gave the same response.
3.5 Diagnostic Service related to instrument failure
From what we have noticed, most of the individuals interviewed haven’t faced instrument
failure problems. Only 12 of them were in such condition. And all of them went to Private clinic.
But those who went to nearby private clinic were served well. Instrument failures or instrument
shortage like laboratory equipments could appear in any time at these private clinics but they
won’t notify their shortage.

3.6 Facility of preferred health institution for children care

Children from the early stage of their life deserve a special care. Especially when they are sick
health treatments should be concerned than any other thing. For improved and safe child
healthcare service provision, special designed facilities are essential. In Awetu Mendera Kebele
there are children from age one to five.

Among those who prefer Public health institution 29 of them are satisfied with special facilities
provided for children by the health institution. The rest 22 are not.

And those 49 who prefer private clinics are all satisfied by the facilities provided.

3.7 Availability of health institution in the vicinity

From the collected data we have noticed that there are a number of health institutions in the
vicinity. There are six public health institutions in the Awetu mendera Kebele and thirteen
middle level private clinics. And also there is one special clinic for that community (SOS). But
there is no referral hospital around.

Type of Health Institution Number

Health post 0
Public Health Centre 5
Referral Hospital 0
Higher Level 0
Private Middle Level 13
Lower level 0
Special Clinic 1
Total 20

19
 Table 11; Availability of health institution in the vicinity

14
Figure 11; Availability of
health institution in the
12
vicinity

10

8
3.8
Health 6

0
public private

Number/availability

Institution that provides better maternity service

Health institution Number of people Percentage
Public health Institutions 43 43
Private health Institution 57 57
Total 100 100
Table 12; Health Institution that provides better maternity service

Figure 12; Health Institution that provides better maternity service

3.9 Referral case to due to non-Availability or Failure of Instruments

Usually when vital facilities are not available or if there are no sufficient and well trained
medical assistance are not around referrals to higher hospital would be set in motion. Among

Page | 20
 those that we have interviewed, only 19 have been referred to Addis Ababa due to lack of
laboratory equipments. The rest 81 haven’t been.

CHAPTER FOUR

FAMILY HEALTH CARE AND FINANCE

4.1 Number of people who purify water during rainy season

Most of the householders we visited consider that the water is really infected during summer
time. But the number of people who has the habit of purifying water during this season is less in
number.

Number of People Per house Percent

People who purify water during Rainy season 29 29

People who do not purify water during rainy season 71 71

Total 100 100

21
 Table 13; No of people who do purify Water and don’t

Chart Title

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Who purify who don’t purify

per house %

Figure 13; Number of people who purify water during rainy season

4.2 Availability of first aid box

First aid treatment is an emergency medical treatment for somebody who is ill or injured, given
before more thorough medical attention can be obtained. Most of the people we interviewed do
not have materials which help them to do this.
Only 12 householders (12%) of them have got these materials in their house.

Availability of first aid box Number of house Percentage

People who have 35 35
People who don’t 65 65
Total 100 100
Table

Figure 14;Availability of first aid box in vicinity

4.3 Availability of Biomedical apparatus in the house

A biomedical apparatus such as thermometer,is an instrument which is used to measure
temperature and sphygmomanometer which is used to measure blood pressure, are found in most
of houses we cover. Around 12% of the householders have such materials.
Page | 22
4.4 Average Money Spend per Month For family Health
As we have stated public health institutions have lower payments.
Average money spent per Number of family Percentage
month
50-100 22 22
100-500 67 67
≥500 11 11
Total 100 100
Table 15; Average money spend per month for family Health

50-100 100-500 > 500

Figure 15 ; Average moneys pend per month for family Health

4.5 Availability of Free Medical service

Free medical services have been given early times. In our interview we only obtain 6 people who
have got the service at that time. But now we can see that its availability is more or less getting
less and less available.

4.6 Managing Excessive Medical expenses

Means of managing excessive medical expenses Number of people Percent

Personal saving 51 51
23
Loan 15 15
Donation 29 29
Other means 5 5
Total 100 100
Table 16; Managing Excessive Medical expenses

Figure 16; Managing Excessive Medical expenses

4.7 Availability of Handicapped person in House

Handicapped person in the houses we have visited was very rare. Out of 100 families who have
been visited, only 1 were found. And they confirmed that some institution, like hospital really
give special treatments.

4.8 Health Institution Visited by People

Health Institution Number of people Percent
JUSH 70 70
Shenen Gibe 3 3
Health centers 15 15
Higher Clinics 0 0
Medium Clinics 12 12
Total 100 100
Table 17; Health Institution Visited by People

Page | 24
0

Figure 17; Health Institution Visited by People

4.9 Are the People Satisfied by the Service of Health Institution?

• Out of those people who prefer both hospitals, the JUSH and the Shenen Gibe for
medical treatment, 64 of them are satisfied.
• And of those who prefer the Public health centers and the so called “Beteseb memrya”,
24 are satisfied.
• All private clinic users are satisfied by the service given there.

4.10 Recommended Health Institution for Friends

Mentioned Health institution Number of people Percent
who recommend
JUSH 47 47
Other public health Institutions 36 36
Dr. Belete Medium clinic 12 12
Other private clinics 5 5
Total 100 100
Table 18; Recommended Health Institution for Friends

25
Figure 18; Recommended Health Institution for Friends

Page | 26
 CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 problems related to environmental issues

 Generally, what is concluded from phase –one project is the importance of CBTP to know the
problem of community through:
• Economic
• Social
• Demographic aspects
 In addition to this the university tried to prove the slogan <We are in the community> by having
healthy interaction between the community and students.
 Besides, to solve different social problems since data collected from phase one (of identifying
problem) to phase of giving the solution.
 Again, almost all the community isn’t satisfied with the existence of low level transportation.
 Finally it has a great power in changing of the performance and skills of the students.

5.2 Recommendations
CBTP is the way of learning by practice. Therefore, students must give attention to it and the community
should give the correct information so as to identify their problems.

The following points should be done to solve the problem that arise from the community, students and
university after each data collections with in short periods of time as much as possible:

 University should give clear and specified questionnaires

 Significant role should be played by both governmental and non-governmental organizations to
find the solution
 Concerning the program, awareness should be given to the community to gather correct
information.
 The community should be co-operative with the university and students
 University should fulfill some community desires, social service and also encourage hard working
people.
 University should create job opportunities to those who are unemployed.

5.3 Finally
Awetu mendera kebele is most likely seems, the living place, even if there are some Hotels, Restaurants
and Cafeterias. Among the people that we have interviewed, no one raised questions about their living
environment. But, we can say that, most of them are in doubt about health care given by the public health

27
institutions. Even when we were asking them another questions, they used to murmur about how hard
time life is giving them concerning about their health. Most people we visit are in such irritating mood.
JU/JIT should help the community to give them better health service and care, because there is a need for
change.It is better to visit that area and recover.

Page | 28