REVIEWER IN PERSONAL show responsible behavior.

Also, you are provided

DEVELOPMENT with skills essential in making prudent decisions in
life; you are able to analyze and solve problems in
THIRD MONTHLY EXAM
life. Finally, when you know your capabilities, you
LESSON 1: KNOWING ONESELF can develop a sense of competence and
perseverance.
Self On the other hand, identifying your
weaknesses gives you the opportunities to know
Adolescence is the time when young people start to your limitations and boundaries. Becoming more
ask questions about themselves, about their future, aware of your weaknesses is becoming your starting
and even about their religious and political beliefs. point. You must discover ways to enhance your
Learning about ourselves, our wants, desires, capabilities and develop positive attitudes in dealing
interests, thoughts and the like allows not only a with life’s challenges.
more understanding of what we are but what we
want and what will make us happy. The unfolding of our strengths, weaknesses,
potentials and talents creates a concept and schema
Self is defined as the individuality of a person of the “self” which leads to self-determination.
which is subject of learning experiences, varied Learning about one’s unique individuality requires
emotions and thoughts. It is the union of elements, the use of the Johari Window.
namely: body, thoughts, feelings or emotions, and
sensations that constitute the individuality and
identity of a person. The body constitutes your Johari Window
physical attributes, your health, and your posture 1 2
and poise. Your thoughts, the way you think, and Open/free Blind area
how you perceived things around you. Emotions area
and sensations that you experience prompt you to
act and behave the way you do. These union of 3 4
elements makes up your personality distinguishes Hidden area Unknown
you from others.

Personality refers to the unique and relatively

enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and Ingham and Luft’s Johari Window Model
motives that characterize an individual (Feist and Diagrams
Rosenberg 2012). Personality is influenced by both
nature and nurture. Nature is the heredity or genetic The Johari Window model which is a four-
make-up. Like for example, being temperament quadrant grid was developed by American
may be inherited from your parents. Nurture is the psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in
attributes and traits brought about b environmental 1955 at the University of California Los Angeles.
factors.
1. Open Area (quadrant 1)
Strengths and Weaknesses This quadrant represents the things that you
know about yourself, and the things that others
When you are conscious on how you look, know about you. This includes your behavior,
think, feel, and act which helps you to know more knowledge, skills, attitudes, and “public” history.
about yourself. You congregate more information
about yourself when you observe and identify your 2. Blind Area (quadrant 2)
strengths and weaknesses. In knowing your This quadrant represents things about you
strengths, you are more allowed to do that you aren’t aware of, but that are known by
developmental tasks. These tasks include your others.
capacity to establish emotional independence, This can include simple information that you
mature relationships with others, and your ability to do not know, or it can involve deep issues, which
are often difficult for individuals to face directly, There are several changes happened and
and yet can be seen by others. experienced when you were around 13 years old,
which is the onset of adolescence for most children.
3. Hidden Area (quadrant 3) Girls start their growth burst earlier than boys, but
This quadrant represents things that you boys eventually grow taller than girls. In terms of
know about yourself, but that others don’t know. body size, your height and weight has rapidly
increased, their muscles grow larger than boys, so
4. Unknown Area (quadrant 4) boys are usually stronger than girls. When you get
This last quadrant represents things that are older, your thin and long trunk has broadened at the
unknown to you, and are unknown to others. hips and shoulders, and you may notice a
pronounced waistline. Your arms and legs to be
Importance of One’s Self seemly in the right proportion to your hands and
feet when you reach puberty.
Introspection is your ability to think and reflect
about your own thoughts, feelings, and actions. Moreover, you can notice physical changes in your
Engaging on self-questioning may lead one to sex organs, which are primary sex characteristics. In
answer that may include a look into the pros and boys, their testes or gonads rapidly grow bigger for
cons, advantages and disadvantages, positives and a year, but shortly after the rapid change in the
negative sides of the idea in question. When you testes, the penis also grow noticeably during early
listen to positive feedback, you become more pubescence.
confident and enthusiastic because you are affirmed.
However, not all kinds of feedback are positive, this Spermarche is the production and release of sperm.
is called criticism or negative feedback. When you
are criticized, you may feel angry and it may cause The boys know this when they experience nocturnal
stress or depression. emission. Girls’ also grow rapidly their sex
characteristics which are uterus, fallopian tubes,
LESSON 2: DEVELOPING A WHOLE A PERSON ovaries, and vagina during puberty.

Adolescence is considered as a transition from Menarche is the first menstrual period that marks a
childhood to adulthood, a passage from one stage to girl’s sexual maturity and is capable to be pregnant.
another (Hurlock, 1982). Puberty which is part of
adolescence has its onset at ages 10-11 for girls and Furthermore, there are also secondary sex
11-12-for boys. characteristics which you may obviously notice
during puberty stage. These characteristics are your
All of us experienced physiological, physical features that distinguishes female from
psychological, spiritual, and social development to male. For boys, they will have adam’s apple and
understand what we think, feel and the way we act their voice become husky at first and eventually
as we grow. lowers in pitch. Boys muscles noticeably grow and
give shape to their torso. Body hair appears after the
1. Physical Changes and Their pubic hair has almost completed in growth. On the
Implications other hand, girls come to have melodious voice.
Girls’ hips become wider which resulted from
An individual’s physique, body and health are enlargement of their pelvic regions. and for some,
significant areas in assessing the over-all their waist becomes smaller. Girls’ breasts also
characteristics of a person. Evidently, it is not only develop and their arms, and legs shape because of
influenced by internal factors such as one’s brain their muscles. Like boys, girls develop hairs in
and emotions but it is influenced as well by our different parts of the body.
physique. Our image is a reflection of our lifestyle
and the kind of lives lead. Both boys and girls have physical development
because of hormonal changes in the body.
Androgens and estrogens are hormones or chemical
substances produced by endocrine glands that your experiences objectively and may fail to control
actively affect physical growth and development. intense emotions.

Testosterone is an androgen that strongly Metacognition is the understanding and awareness

associated in the physical maturation of boys. It is of one’s own thought processes. It is "cognition
related to development of genitals, changes in about cognition", "thinking about thinking", or
height, and deepening of voice, as well as sexual "knowing about knowing" and higher order thinking
desires and activities. skills. It comes from the root word "meta", meaning
beyond. It can take many forms; it includes
Estradiol is an estrogen that is associated in the knowledge about when and how to use particular
physical development of girls, such as breast, strategies for learning or for problem solving. This
widening of hips, and development of their uterus. results in increased introspection, but may also lead
to some sort of egocentrism or preoccupation with
Sebaceous glands and apocrine glands become the self. For example, you may think that the people
more active during this stage; they are the former around you are talking about you which make you
cause acne and other skin related problems, and the feel conscious.
latter produce perspiration that results, at times,
in body odor. These hormonal changes especially 3. Psychological or Emotional
among girls may trigger weight gain and is often Changes and Their Implications
associated with obesity.

2. Cognitive Changes and Their

Implications

Individuality is never measured by external factors

alone. Mental ability forms part and parcel of one’s
persona. People differ in several ways. Intelligence Feelings and
is one element that separates one from all others of emotions are two
the same demographic people. All other things sides of the same
equal, individuals have the ability and even the coin and highly
skills to learn. interconnected, but
are two very
As you grow older, your physical attributes changes different things.
and developed as well as the mind.
Emotion chemicals
Prefrontal cortex is the gray matter of the anterior are released throughout our bodies, not just in our
part of the frontal lobe that is highly developed in brains, and they form a kind of feedback loop
humans and plays a role in the regulation of between our brains & bodies.
complex cognitive, emotional, and behavioral
functioning. It is involved in decision-making, Feelings happen as we begin to integrate the
reasoning, and controlling one’s emotions. emotion, we use “feel” for both physical and
emotional sensation — we can say we physically
Amygdala is thought to be a part of the limbic feel cold, but we can also emotionally feel cold.
system within the brain, which is responsible for
emotions, survival instincts, and memory. It is a This is a clue to the meaning of “feeling,” it’s
section of the brain that is responsible for detecting something we sense. Feelings are more
fear and preparing for emergency events. While “cognitively saturated” as the emotion chemicals
your amygdale is already fully developed to are processed in our brains & bodies. Feelings are
recognize your emotions, your prefrontal cortex is often fueled by a mix of emotions, and last for
not yet adequately mature to reason and understand longer than emotions.
 As a transition period, adolescence has often been lead to uncertain times. As a transition phase, you
described as a period of “storm and stress” may begin to wonder and think about new and
(Hurlock, 1982). Adolescence experienced a lot of unfamiliar aspects of life such as career, livelihood
emotions. Sometimes you get easily excited or and marriage. Since, all of this is new and
irritated, depending on the situations. Most of the unfamiliar when you start thinking along these
teenagers like you are emotionally unstable from directions, you may feel uncertain about the future.
time to time. For example, you may be happy with This uncertainty becomes more evident when the
your relationship with your family but easily get expectations that people close to you have from you
affected when there is a challenge or problems that also change. You may be expected to take on
you encountered. greater responsibilities than what was expected
from you as a child. Eventually you will grow into
These are the changes occur during adolescence your new roles and become more certain about
period. yourself, but this process will take its own time
depending on how you respond to this situation.
1. Feeling overly sensitive
4. Peer pressure
During puberty,
since your body undergoes With the onset of
many changes, it is puberty, your conversations
common to feel with your friends will
uncomfortable about them increase. Your peer group
and become overly and you are likely to be
sensitive about your influenced by what you see
physical appearance. As a result you may feel around you in popular media and the culture that is
irritated quite easily, lose your temper or feel represented through them.
depressed. It will be useful to be aware of the
changes in your behavior and talk about it with 5. Conflicting thoughts
someone that you're comfortable talking to.
Since you are
2. Looking for an identity somewhere in between as a
teenager during puberty,
Since you are in the you may feel stuck
process of becoming an between how you were as a
adult, you may feel child and how you wish to be as an adult. For
inclined to figure out what example, you might want to be more independent
makes you unique as a and at the same time, might also look for support
person. There is also a general tendency that you from your parents. Another example could be along
associate more with your friends than your family the lines of whether you wish to give up on your
members. Psychologically, it may be because your interests that you had as a child to be able to fit in
friends are going through a similar phase as you. with your friends. As a result you may feel
You may try to figure out how you are different conflicted and look for clarity.
from others and how you fit into the world. This
may eventually lead to some sort of a struggle to 6. Mood swings
become more independent of your parents and
family. To add to the
uncertainty and conflicting
3. Feeling uncertain thoughts, you may also
experience frequent and
Since you're not sometimes extreme changes
completely an adult and are in your mood. For example, sometimes your mood
not a child anymore, will swing between feeling confident and happy to
puberty can potentially feeling irritated and depressed in a short span of
time. These frequent swings in how you feel are demands add to the stress and storm of the
called mood swings. They may occur due to shifting adolescence years.
levels of hormones in your body and other changes
taking place during puberty. The social development of people extends
beyond childhood and even adolescence. As persons
continue to age, they continue to mature and change
7. Feeling conscious as well depending on the resolution of the issues
about self confronting them.

The onset of Peer Relationship

puberty can vary on an
individual basis. One of the most obvious changes in
Therefore the way you adolescence is that the hub around which the
grow maybe different from the way your friends adolescent’s world revolves shifts from the family
grow. This can make you conscious about the way to the peer group. It is important to note that this
you're growing up and your body. decreased frequency of contact with family does not
These experiences are more pronounced for mean that family closeness has assumed less
girls because they develop faster and earlier than importance for the adolescent (O’Koon, 1997). As
boys. Also the changes in their bodies such as they spend more time outside your home, teenagers
development of breasts and widening of hips are become close to their friends instead of their family.
more noticeable. This may make them feel more As a result, friends can influence a child's thinking
conscious about their body in presence of their and behavior. This is the essence of peer pressure.
peers of the same age group. Peer pressure can be a positive influence—for
example, when it motivates your child to do well in
8. Getting sexual school, or to become involved in sports or other
feelings activities. On the other hand, peer pressure can be a
negative influence—for example, when it prompts
Puberty is also the your child to try smoking, drinking, using drugs, or
phase after which you to practice nunsafe sex or other risky behaviors.
develop sexual maturity.
Sexual maturity is the Here are some tips to help minimize the negative
stage of your life when you can have children. One influences of peer pressure and to maximize the
aspect of sexual maturity is being curious about sex positive:
and also about bodies of people that you are
attracted to. With the onset of puberty, it is normal  Develop a close relationship with your child,
for a boy or a girl to be sexually attracted to people and encourage open and honest
that they would want be more than 'just friends' communication. Children who have good
with. relationships with their parents are more
likely to seek a parent's advice about
4. Social Changes and their decisions or problems.
Implications  Help your child understand what peer
pressure is. The child will be better able to
Adolescence is the period of developmental resist negative influences if he or she
transition between childhood and adulthood. It understands what's happening and why.
involves changes in personality, as well as in  Reinforce the values that are important to
physical, intellectual and social development. you and your family.
During this time of change, teens are faced with  Nurture your teen's own abilities and self-
many issues and decisions. The social development esteem so that he or she is not as susceptible
of adolescents is best considered in the contexts in to the influences of others.
which it occurs; that is, relating to peers, family,  Teach your child how to be assertive, and
school, and community. Social pressures and praise assertive behavior.
  Give your teen breathing room. Don't expect Community includes such factors as the
him or her to do exactly as you say all of the socioeconomic characteristics of one’s
time. neighborhood, the types of resources available, the
 Try to avoid telling your child what to do; service systems within the community (including
instead, listen closely and you may discover schools), religious organizations, the media, and the
more about the issues influencing your people who live in the community. Some
child's behavior. communities are rich in resources that provide
support and opportunity for adolescents.
School Unfortunately, many communities, particularly in
inner cities or poor rural areas, do not.
For most adolescents, school is a prominent
part of their life. It is here that they relate to and To successfully make social adjustments,
develop relationships with their peers and where you need to enhance your social skills. Doing so
they have the opportunity to develop key cognitive will let you be comfortable in social settings, carry
skills. For some youth, it is also a source of safety yourself gracefully in front of others, and enjoy the
and stability. Some of the same qualities that company of your peers. To cope well with social
characterize families of adolescents who do well—a pressures, however, you should also learn to clarify
strong sense of attachment, bonding, and belonging, your boundaries so that you maintain self-reliance.
and a feeling of being cared about—also
characterize adolescents’ positive relationships with 5. Moral/Spiritual Changes and Their
their teachers and their schools. One additional Implications
factor, adolescent perception of teacher fairness, has
also been found to be associated with positive Morality refers to the way people choose to
adolescent development. live their lives according to a set of guidelines or
principles that govern their decisions about right
Family versus wrong, and good versus evil.

During adolescence, parent–adolescent As youths' cognitive, emotional, social

conflict tends to increase, particularly between development continue to mature, their
adolescent girls and their mothers. This conflict understanding of morality expands and their
appears to be a necessary behavior becomes more closely aligned with their
values and beliefs. Therefore, moral development
part of gaining independence from parents while describes the evolution of these guiding principles
learning new ways of staying connected to them and is demonstrated by the ability to apply these
(Steinberg, 2001). Daughters, in particular, appear guidelines in daily life. Moral development starts
to strive for new ways of relating to their mothers with obeying your elders when you
(Debold, Weseen, & Brookins, 1999). In their
search for new ways of relating, daughters may be were child to more internal, moral thinking during
awkward and seem rejecting. Understandably, adolescence. According to Kohlberg, adolescents
mothers may withdraw, and a cycle of mutual should have attained postconventional reasoning or
distancing can begin that is sometimes difficult to have developed moral reasoning based on the
disrupt. If parents can be reassured that the universal rights. Also, when faced with moral
awkwardness their teen is displaying is not rejection dilemma, adolescents must be able to stand on what
and can be encouraged to stay involved, a new way their personal conscience dictates them to do. For
of relating may eventually evolve that is satisfying example, you know that stealing is a crime.
for all.
Furthermore, adolescents are looking for a
Community way to express their spiritual nature and
organizations such as churches and faith-based teen
The characteristics of the community in clubs can attract them if they offer lively discussion
which an adolescent lives can have a profound and activities that encourage youth to explore faith
impact on the adolescent’s development.
in a relevant way. Teens who express their faith in into the adult years. Strong parental leadership
home through prayer, Scripture reading and other seems to help teens find and keep a strong spiritual
religious practices are more likely to retain their faith.
faith into their adult years, according to an article in
“Lifelong Faith” about helping teens maintain faith
TYPE OF EXAM
I. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE 10 ITEMS (2 POINTS EACH)
1-20

II. IDENTIFICATION (WITH BOX OF 15 ITEMS (1 POINT EACH)

CHOICES)
21-35

III. MULTIPLE CHOICE 10 ITEMS (1 POINT EACH)

36-45

IV. ENUMERATION 10 POINTS

46-55

V. ESSAY 10 POINTS