2009 Ford Focus SES

2009 GENERAL INFORMATION Suspension System - General Information - Focus

2009 GENERAL INFORMATION

Suspension System - General Information - Focus

SPECIFICATIONS
ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS (AT CURB WEIGHT)

ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS (AT CURB WEIGHT)

Item LH RH Total/ Split
Front
Caster 2.50° ± 0.75° 2.50° ± 0.75° 0° ± 0.75°
Camber -0.50° ± 0.75° -0.50° ± 0.75° 0° ± 0.75°
Toe (positive value is toe-in,
negative value is toe-out) - - 0° ± 0.20°
All variants
Rear
Camber -1.02° ± 0.75° -1.02° ± 0.75° 0° ± 0.75°
Toe (positive value is toe-in,
negative value is toe-out) 0.18° ± 0.18° 0.18° ± 0.18° 0.36° ± 0.20°
All variants

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Item Specification
Ball Joint Deflection
Lower ball joint 0-0.2 mm (0-0.008 in)

TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS

TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
Description Nm lb-ft
Tie-rod end jamnut 80 59
Rear lower arm to crossmember cam bolt nut 90 66

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

WHEEL ALIGNMENT ANGLES

Camber

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Fig. 1: Camber (Viewed from Front)

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

Camber is the vertical tilt of the wheel when viewed from the front. Camber can be positive or negative and has
a direct effect on tire wear.

Caster

Caster is the deviation from vertical of an imaginary line drawn through the pivot points (top of strut and lower
ball joint), when viewed from the side. The caster specifications in this service information will give the vehicle
the best directional stability characteristics when loaded and driven. The caster setting is not related to tire wear.
The caster setting is not adjustable.

Fig. 2: Identifying Caster Angles

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

Item Description
1 True vertical
2 Positive caster angle
3 Strut-to-ball joint centerline
4 Pivot centerline

A backward tilt is positive (+) and a forward tilt is negative (-). Front caster adjustment is not a separate
procedure on this vehicle. Front caster should fall within specification when the front camber is adjusted.

Toe

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Fig. 3: Identifying Positive Toe (Toe In)

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

Fig. 4: Identifying Negative Toe (Toe Out)

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

The vehicle toe setting affects tire wear and directional stability.

Wander

Wander is the tendency of the vehicle to require frequent, random left and right steering wheel corrections to
maintain a straight path down a level road.

Shimmy

Shimmy, as experienced by the driver, is large, consistent, rotational oscillations of the steering wheel resulting
from large, side-to-side (lateral) tire/wheel movements.

Shimmy is usually experienced near 64 km/h (40 mph), and can begin or be amplified when the tire contacts pot
holes or irregularities in the road surface.

Nibble

Sometimes confused with shimmy, nibble is a condition resulting from tire interaction with various road
surfaces and experienced by the driver as small rotational oscillations of the steering wheel. For wheel and tire
diagnosis, refer to WHEELS AND TIRES article.

Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering

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2009 GENERAL INFORMATION Suspension System - General Information - Focus

Poor returnability and sticky steering are used to describe the poor return of the steering wheel to center after a
turn or steering correction.

Drift/Pull

Pull is a tugging sensation felt by the hands on the steering wheel that must be overcome to keep the vehicle
going straight.

Drift describes what a vehicle with this condition does with the hands off the steering wheel.

l A vehicle-related drift/pull on a flat road causes a consistent deviation from the straight-ahead path and
requires constant steering input in the opposite direction to counteract the effect.
l Drift/pull may be induced by conditions external to the vehicle (wind or road crown).

Poor Groove Feel

Poor groove feel is characterized by little or no buildup of turning effort felt in the steering wheel as the wheel
is rocked slowly left and right within very small turns around center or straight-ahead (under 20 degrees of
steering wheel turn). Effort may be said to be "flat on-center."

l Under 20 degrees of turn, most of the turning effort that builds up comes from the mesh of the gear teeth
in the steering gear. In this range, the steering wheel is not yet turned enough to feel the effort from the
self-aligning forces at the road wheel or tire patch.
l In the diagnosis of a driveability problem, it is important to understand the difference between wander
and poor groove feel.

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
SUSPENSION SYSTEM

Inspection and Verification

1. Road test the vehicle.

l If any suspension alignment or ride height concerns are present, go to Symptom Chart -
Suspension System.
l Verify the customer concern by carrying out a road test on a smooth road. If any vibrations are
present, go to Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH).
2. Inspect the tires.
l Check the tire pressures with all normal loads in the vehicle and the tires cold. Refer to the vehicle
certification (VC) label.
l Verify that all tires are sized to specification. Refer to the VC label.

l Inspect the tires for incorrect wear and damage. Install new tires as necessary.

3. Inspect the chassis and underbody.

l Remove any excessive accumulation of mud, dirt or road deposits from the chassis and underbody.

4. Inspect for aftermarket equipment.

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2009 GENERAL INFORMATION Suspension System - General Information - Focus

l Check for aftermarket changes to the steering, suspension, and wheel and tire components (such as
competition or heavy duty). The specifications shown in this service information do not apply to
vehicles equipped with aftermarket equipment.

VISUAL INSPECTION CHART

Mechanical
l Front or rear suspension components
l Suspension fastener(s)
l Incorrect spring usage
l Spring(s)
l Shock absorber(s)
l Strut(s)
l Suspension bushing(s)
l Steering system components
l Wheel bearing and wheel hub(s)
l Non-OEM parts or modifications

5. If an obvious cause for an observed or reported condition is found, correct the cause (if possible) before
proceeding to the next step.
6. If the fault is not visually evident, go to Symptom Chart - Suspension System or Symptom Chart -
Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH).

Symptom Chart - Suspension System

SYMPTOM CHART - SUSPENSION SYSTEM

Condition Possible Sources Action
l Drift/pull l Unequal tire pressure l ADJUST the tire pressure.
l INSPECT the front suspension.
REFER to FRONT
l Camber total split is
SUSPENSION article.
not within
REPAIR or INSTALL new
specification
suspension components as
necessary.
l REFER to WHEELS AND
l Tires TIRES article for tire
diagnosis.
l Unevenly loaded or l NOTIFY the customer of
overloaded vehicle incorrect vehicle loading.

l INSPECT the steering system.

l Steering components INSTALL new components as
necessary. REFER to
STEERING SYSTEM -

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GENERAL INFORMATION
article.
l REFER to BRAKE SYSTEM
- GENERAL
l Brake drag
INFORMATION article for
brake system diagnosis.
l Overloaded, unevenly
l NOTIFY the customer of
l Wander or incorrectly loaded
incorrect vehicle loading.
vehicle
l INSPECT the ball joints.
l Ball joint(s) REFER to Ball Joint
Inspection.
l INSTALL a new front strut
l Damaged or missing
mount bearing(s) as necessary.
front strut mount
REFER to FRONT
bearing(s)
SUSPENSION article.
l Loose, worn or l INSPECT the wheel bearings.
damaged front wheel INSTALL new wheel bearings
bearing(s) as necessary.
l INSTALL new suspension
component(s) as necessary.
l Loose, worn or REFER to FRONT
damaged suspension SUSPENSION article for front
component(s) suspension or REAR
SUSPENSION article for rear
suspension.
l INSPECT the suspension
fasteners. TIGHTEN to
specification. REFER to
l Loose suspension
FRONT SUSPENSION
fasteners
article for front suspension or
REAR SUSPENSION article
for rear suspension.
l INSPECT the steering system.
INSTALL new components as
necessary. REFER to
l Steering components
STEERING SYSTEM -
GENERAL INFORMATION
article.
l Wheel alignment l ADJUST as necessary. REFER
(excessive total front to Toe Adjustment - Front or
toe out) Toe Adjustment - Rear.

l MEASURE the ride height.

REFER to Ride Height

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Measurement. INSTALL new

l Worn, damaged or springs as necessary. REFER
l Front bottoming or riding low to FRONT SUSPENSION
incorrect springs
article.
l INSTALL new struts as
l Worn front strut(s) necessary. REFER to FRONT
SUSPENSION article.
l ADJUST the tire pressure.
REFER to the vehicle
l Incorrect tire pressure
certification (VC) label.
(rapid center rib or
l Abnormal/incorrect tire wear REFER to WHEELS AND
inner and outer edge
TIRES article Diagnosis and
wear)
Testing for further tire wear
diagnosis.
l Incorrect tire rotation l REFER to MAINTENANCE
intervals SCHEDULE article.
l High-speed cornering
l Excessive front or
rear toe (inner or l REFER to WHEELS AND
outer edge wear) TIRES article Diagnosis and
l Excessive negative or Testing for further tire wear
positive camber diagnosis.
(inner or outer edge
wear)
l INSPECT the front and rear
suspension system. REPAIR or
INSTALL new suspension
l Front or rear components as necessary.
suspension REFER to FRONT
components SUSPENSION article for front
suspension or REAR
SUSPENSION article for rear
suspension.
l INSTALL a new front strut
l Damaged or worn
l Sticky steering, poor mount bearing(s) as necessary.
front strut mount
returnability REFER to FRONT
bearing(s)
SUSPENSION article.
l REFER to Ball Joint
l Binding ball joints
Inspection.

l INSPECT the steering system.

INSTALL new components as
l Steering components necessary. REFER to
STEERING SYSTEM -
GENERAL INFORMATION

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article for steering system

diagnosis.
l CHECK the wheel alignment.
l Unequal front or rear
REFER to Toe Adjustment -
l Steering wheel off-center toe setting (side-to-
Front or Toe Adjustment -
side)
Rear. ADJUST as necessary.
l INSPECT the steering system.
INSTALL new components as
necessary. REFER to
l Steering components
STEERING SYSTEM -
GENERAL INFORMATION
article.
l Overloaded, unevenly
l NOTIFY the customer of
l Sway or roll or incorrectly loaded
incorrect vehicle loading.
vehicle
l TIGHTEN the wheel nut(s) to
specification. REFER to
l Loose wheel nut(s)
WHEELS AND TIRES
article.
l INSTALL new struts or shock
absorbers as necessary.
REFER to FRONT
l Strut(s) or shock
SUSPENSION article for front
absorber(s)
suspension or REAR
SUSPENSION article for rear
suspension.
l TIGHTEN the bolts to
l Loose stabilizer
specification. REFER to
bracket-to-frame
FRONT SUSPENSION
bolts
article.
l INSTALL new stabilizer bar
l Worn stabilizer bar bushings or links as necessary.
bushings or links REFER to FRONT
SUSPENSION article.
l INSTALL a new stabilizer bar
l Damaged or broken as necessary. REFER to
stabilizer bar FRONT SUSPENSION
article.
l INSTALL new springs as
necessary. REFER to FRONT
SUSPENSION article for front
l Worn spring(s)
suspension or REAR
SUSPENSION article for rear
suspension.

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2009 GENERAL INFORMATION Suspension System - General Information - Focus

l Unevenly loaded or l NOTIFY the customer of

l Vehicle leans to one side
overloaded vehicle incorrect vehicle loading.
l INSPECT the front and rear
suspension systems. INSTALL
new suspension components as
l Front or rear
necessary. REFER to FRONT
suspension
SUSPENSION article for front
components
suspension or REAR
SUSPENSION article for rear
suspension.
l MEASURE the ride height.
REFER to Ride Height
Measurement. INSPECT the
front and rear suspension
l Incorrect drive axle
systems. REPAIR or
(s) ride height. Side-
INSTALL new components as
to-side lean out of
necessary. REFER to FRONT
specification
SUSPENSION article for front
suspension or REAR
SUSPENSION article for rear
suspension.

Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)

NOTE: Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) symptoms should be identified using the
diagnostic tools that are available. For a list of these tools, an explanation of
their uses and a glossary of common terms, refer to NOISE, VIBRATION AND
HARSHNESS article. Since it is possible any one of multiple systems may be
the cause of a symptom, it may be necessary to use a process of elimination
type of diagnostic approach to pinpoint the responsible system. If this is not the
causal system for the symptom, refer back to NOISE, VIBRATION AND
HARSHNESS article for the next likely system and continue diagnosis.

Symptom Chart - Noise/Vibration and Harshness (NVH)

Condition Possible Sources Action
l INSPECT the front or rear
suspension. INSTALL new
components as necessary.
l Squeak or grunt - noise from l Front or rear REFER to FRONT
the suspension suspension components SUSPENSION article for
front suspension or REAR
SUSPENSION article for rear
suspension.

l INSPECT for loose nuts or

bolts. TIGHTEN to

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2009 GENERAL INFORMATION Suspension System - General Information - Focus

specifications. REFER to
l Clunk - noise from the front FRONT SUSPENSION
suspension, occurs in and out l Loose front suspension article for front suspension or
of turns REAR SUSPENSION article
for rear suspension.
l INSPECT for loose or
l Clunk - noise from the rear damaged rear suspension
suspension, occurs when l Loose rear suspension components. REPAIR or
shifting from REVERSE to components INSTALL new components as
DRIVE necessary. REFER to REAR
SUSPENSION article.
l Click or pop - noise from the l CARRY OUT a ball joint
front suspension. More l Worn or damaged ball inspection. INSTALL new
noticeable over rough roads or joint(s) ball joint(s) or control arm(s)
over bumps as necessary.
l Front suspension
components
l Loose or damaged front
struts, shock absorber
(s) or shock absorber
bushing(s) l INSPECT the front
l Front suspension noise - a
suspension. INSTALL new
squeak, creak or rattle noise. l Damaged spring or
components as necessary.
Occurs mostly over bumps or spring mount(s)
REFER to FRONT
rough roads Damaged or worn
l SUSPENSION article.
control/radius arm
bushing(s)
l Worn or damaged
stabilizer bar bushings
or link(s)
l Loose or damaged rear
shock absorber(s) or
shock absorber bushing
(s)
l Rear suspension noise - a l Damaged spring or l INSPECT the rear suspension.
squeak, creak or rattle noise. spring mount(s) INSTALL new components as
Occurs mostly over bumps or necessary. REFER to REAR
rough roads l Damaged or worn SUSPENSION article.
control arm bushing(s)
l Worn or damaged
stabilizer bar bushing
(s) or link(s)
l REFER to DRIVELINE
l Shudder - occurs during l Incorrect ride height
SYSTEM - GENERAL
acceleration from a slow speed causing incorrect
INFORMATION article for
or stop driveline angle
driveline angle diagnosis.

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l TIGHTEN the nut(s) to

specification. REFER to
l Shimmy l Loose wheel nut(s)
WHEELS AND TIRES
article.
l TIGHTEN the fastener(s) to
l Loose front suspension specification. REFER to
fastener(s) FRONT SUSPENSION
article.
l INSPECT the front wheel
bearing(s). INSTALL new
l Loose front wheel
bearing(s) as necessary.
bearing(s)
REFER to FRONT
SUSPENSION article.
l INSTALL new struts or shock
absorbers as necessary.
REFER to FRONT
l Strut(s) or shock
SUSPENSION article for
absorber(s)
front suspension or REAR
SUSPENSION article for rear
suspension.
l INSPECT the front
suspension. REFER to
l Shimmy - most noticeable on
l Excessive positive FRONT SUSPENSION
coast/deceleration. Also hard
caster article. REPAIR or INSTALL
steering condition
new suspension components
as necessary.
l ADJUST the tire pressure.
l Rough/harsh ride l Incorrect tire pressure REFER to the vehicle
certification (VC) label.
l MEASURE the ride height.
REFER to Ride Height
Measurement. INSTALL
new springs as necessary.
l Low ride height REFER to FRONT
SUSPENSION article for
front suspension or REAR
SUSPENSION article for rear
suspension.
l INSTALL new suspension
component(s) as necessary.
l Loose, worn or REFER to FRONT
damaged suspension SUSPENSION article for
component(s) front suspension or REAR
SUSPENSION article for rear
suspension.

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2009 GENERAL INFORMATION Suspension System - General Information - Focus

Component Tests

Ball Joint Inspection

1. Prior to inspecting the ball joints for wear, inspect the wheel bearings. Install a new wheel bearing as
necessary. Refer to Wheel Bearing Inspection.

NOTE: In order to obtain accurate measurements, the suspension must be in full

rebound with the weight of the vehicle supported by the frame.

2. Raise and support the vehicle by the frame to allow the wheels to hang in the rebound position.
3. Inspect the ball joint and ball joint boot for damage.
l If the ball joint or ball joint boot is damaged, install a new ball joint as necessary. Refer to FRONT
SUSPENSION article.

NOTE: Do not use any tools or equipment to move the wheel and tire assembly or
suspension components while checking for relative movement.
Suspension damage may occur. The use of tools or equipment will also
create relative movement that may not exist when using hand force.
Relative movement must be measured using hand force only.

4. Inspect the ball joint for relative movement by alternately pulling downward and pushing upward on the
lower control arm by hand. Note any relative vertical movement between the wheel knuckle and lower
arm at the lower ball joint.
l If relative movement is not felt or seen, the ball joint is OK. Do not install a new ball joint.

l If relative movement is found, continue with Step 5.

NOTE: In order to obtain an accurate measurement, the dial indicator should be

aligned as close as possible with the vertical axis (center line) of the ball
joint.

5. To measure ball joint deflection, attach a suitable dial indicator with a flexible arm between the lower
control arm and the wheel knuckle or ball joint stud.

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2009 GENERAL INFORMATION Suspension System - General Information - Focus

Fig. 5: Measuring Ball Joint Deflection

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

6. Measure the ball joint deflection while an assistant pushes up and pulls down on the lower control arm,
by hand.
l If the deflection exceeds the specification, a new ball joint must be installed. Refer to FRONT
SUSPENSION article.
l If the deflection meets the specification, no further action is required.

GENERAL PROCEDURES
RIDE HEIGHT MEASUREMENT

Front Ride Height Measurement

Fig. 6: Ride Height Measurement

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 2009 Ford Focus SES
2009 GENERAL INFORMATION Suspension System - General Information - Focus

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

Item Part Number Description

1 - Ride height = A - B
2 - Measurement A
3 - Measurement B

NOTE: Make sure that the vehicle is positioned on a flat, level surface and the tires are
inflated to the correct pressure. Vehicle should have a full tank of fuel.

1. Position the surface gauge on the same flat, level surface as used in Step 1, adjust the gauge's arm until
the scriber point is located in the center of the lower arm forward bolt.
l Lock the surface gauge in this position.

Fig. 7: Identifying Surface Gauge

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

2. With the surface gauge positioned on a flat, level surface, record the measurement of the surface gauge
position (measurement A).

Fig. 8: Measuring Surface Gauge

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

3. Position a suitable surface gauge (such as Starrett 57D Surface Gauge), on a flat, level surface and adjust
the gauge's arm until the scriber point is located in the center of the ball joint bolt.
l Lock the surface gauge in this position.

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2009 GENERAL INFORMATION Suspension System - General Information - Focus

Fig. 9: Locating Center Of Ball Joint

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

4. With the surface gauge positioned on a flat, level surface, record the measurement of the surface gauge
position (measurement B).

Fig. 10: Identifying Surface Gauge

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

5. Subtract measurement B from measurement A to obtain the front ride height.

l Refer to SPECIFICATIONS.

Rear Ride Height Measurement

Fig. 11: Rear Ride Height Measurement

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

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2009 GENERAL INFORMATION Suspension System - General Information - Focus

Item Part Number Description

1 - Ride height = A - B
2 - Measurement A
3 - Measurement B

NOTE: Make sure that the vehicle is positioned on a flat, level surface and the tires are
inflated to the correct pressure. Vehicle should have a full tank of fuel.

1. Measure the distance between the flat level surface and the forward lower arm inboard bolt (measurement
A).
2. Measure the distance between the flat level surface and the center of the forward lower arm outboard bolt
(measurement B).
3. Subtract measurement B from measurement A to obtain the rear ride height.
l Refer to SPECIFICATIONS .

CAMBER ADJUSTMENT - REAR

1. Using alignment equipment and the manufacturer's instructions, measure the rear camber.

NOTE: If the rear camber is below the minimum specification, the camber can be
adjusted +1.0 degree by replacing the upper arm with an upper arm repair
kit (3S4Z-1A154-AA).

2. Replace the upper arm with the +1.0 degree camber upper arm repair kit. For additional information, refer
to REAR SUSPENSION article.
3. Recheck alignment to verify camber change and adjust the toe if necessary.

TOE ADJUSTMENT - FRONT

1. Using a suitable steering wheel holding device, lock the steering wheel in the straight ahead position.
2. Using alignment equipment and the manufacturer's instructions, measure the toe.
3. Loosen the tie-rod end jam nuts.

Fig. 12: Locating Tie-Rod End Jam Nuts

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

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4. Remove the steering gear boot outer clamps.

Fig. 13: Locating Steering Gear Boot Outer Clamps

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

5. Rotate the tie rods as necessary to adjust the toe setting.

Fig. 14: Rotating Tie Rods

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

6. Tighten the tie-rod end jam nuts to 80 Nm (59 lb-ft).

Fig. 15: Locating Tie-Rod End Jam Nuts

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

7. Install the steering gear boot outer clamps.

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2009 GENERAL INFORMATION Suspension System - General Information - Focus

Fig. 16: Locating Steering Gear Boot Outer Clamps

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

8. Recheck the toe settings, adjust as necessary.

TOE ADJUSTMENT - REAR

1. Jounce the vehicle to make sure that the suspension is in its normal resting position.
2. Using alignment equipment and the manufacturer's instructions, measure the toe.
3. With the vehicle in NEUTRAL, position it on a hoist. For additional information, refer to JACKING
AND LIFTING article.
4. Loosen the rear lower arm adjustment cam nut.

Fig. 17: Locating Rear Lower Arm Adjustment Cam Nut

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

5. Adjust the toe setting by rotating the nut and eccentric washer.

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Fig. 18: Rotating Nut And Eccentric Washer For Toe Setting
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

6. Tighten the rear lower arm adjustment cam nut to 90 Nm (66 lb-ft).

Fig. 19: Locating Rear Lower Arm Adjustment Cam Nut

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

7. Recheck the toe settings, adjust as necessary.

WHEEL BEARING INSPECTION

SPECIAL TOOLS
Illustration Tool Name Tool Number

100-D004 (D78P-4201-F) or
Dial Indicator Gauge Brackets
equivalent

100-D005 (D78P-4201-G) or
Dial Indicator Gauge
equivalent

1. Road test the vehicle on a smooth road. Make sharp turns to the right and left.

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l Installation of a new front LH wheel bearing may be required if the vehicle makes abnormal noises
on right turns.
l Installation of a new front RH wheel bearing may be required if the vehicle makes noises on left
turns.
l If front wheel bearing noise is heard on either right or left turns, the wheel hub and front wheel
bearing assembly on the side with the most noise should be inspected.
2. Remove the front brake caliper anchor plate. For additional information, refer to FRONT DISC BRAKE
article.
3. Install the wheel and tire. For additional information, refer to WHEELS AND TIRES article.

NOTE: Be careful not to confuse lower arm ball joint looseness with bearing
looseness.

4. Check for loose front wheel bearings by rocking the wheels at the top and bottom.
5. Spin the wheel quickly by hand and make sure the wheel turns smoothly without noise from the front
wheel bearings.
6. Position the special tools against the wheel hub, then have an assistant grasp the tire at the top and bottom
and move the wheel inward and outward.
7. Measure and record the end play of the front wheel bearings. There should be no end play.
8. If end play exists, install new front wheel bearings. For additional information, refer to FRONT
SUSPENSION article.

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