Neelu
Neelu
Research Project
Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for
B.Com VI Semester Program
I claim this report to be my indigenous work and have not presented it anywhere
else for any purpose.
5.2.2 Suggestions
5.3 Conclusion
REFERENCES
ANNEXURE
CHAPTER 1
The term social network was first coined to differentiate between networks that
were used for business purposes from those utilized for socializing amid people.
The definition of social networking has been expanded to include grouping of
individuals into specific groups mostly in workplace, universities and high schools,
however the prominently accepted definition of social networks relates to the inter -
active websites which provides clients with message boards, chat rooms, and the
faculty to leave comments and have a discussion with other people. On the other
hand social networks is also referred to as a virtual community website tha t brings
people together to chat, deliberate ideas and interests, or make friends. This type of
alliance and sharing on social networking websites is known as social media. Unlike
conventional media that is typically generated and administered by only a
communit y of people, the social media authorize users to share their belief, views
and uplift interactions and consensus building shaped by consumers. The term
“Social Media” has been obtained from the words, “Social” and “Media” which are
described as follows: Social: the term ‘Social’ refers to interacting with other
people for exchange of information characterized by the friendly fellowship or
relations. Media: the term ‘Media’ refers to the instrument of the communication
such as radios, cell phones, television, newspapers, magazines, internet etc. that
reach people broadly. So we can assume that social media is a web based social
instrument for conveying that allows people to interact with each other by both
sharing and consuming information. Safko and Brake observed that social media is
an umbrella term referring to activities, practi ces, behaviors among groups of the
peoples who gather online to share and exchange information, thoughts, knowledge
and opinions using communicational media. According to many renowned schools
social media relates to the sharing of information, knowledge, experiences and
perspectives through communit y aligned sites. Social media uses web based
technology to change and broadcast media soliloquy into social media dialogues.
Since last decade, social media has advanced from being a simple communication
centre to an agent of change, which has effected every day to day activity of
humans and thereby changing people’s lives.
The various areas which have had a everlasting and permanent impact of social
media are as follows:-
(1.3.1.) Business
Nearly every major business organization has a social presence today. Both existing and
emerging businesses are now using social networking sites to promote their business
organization, products, services, and gain crucial feedback from their clients. In fact, for
businesses, interaction via social network has almost become a effective standard for assessing
their customer service. It has now become a common to see small or home based businesses that
operate solely through their Face-book or Instagram accounts. Social media also makes it easy
for businesses to provide value upfront prior to asking anything from a prospect.
3. Chris Murdough (2011)in “A Social Media Mindset ―said Synthesizing all three of
performance categories i.e. Reach, Discussions and Outcomes, helped clarify comprehensively
what was going on in the social Web for brands and best advise them how they can leverage the
audience in this space.
4. Social Media Explained: Untangling the World's Most Misunderstood Business Trend
by Mark W. Schaefer (Publisher: Lightning Source Inc (1 September 2011)"Social Media
Explained" explores the fundamental strategies and answers the questions every business
professional needs to answer before diving into a social media initiative! This the must-have
guide for understanding the sociological and psychological drivers that make social media
marketing work.
5. Tom Smith (2010) in the social media revolution says Social Media has changed the manner
in which the communication between the organizations and the customers were taking place; it
has changed from talking through mass media to listening and conversing through social media.
Since the consumer online is a commentator, reviewer and publisher, all the organizations have
to stop talking and start listening to how they are perceived online.
6. Burson and Marsteller study on ‗Global Social Media Checkup 2012‘has concluded that
the fortune Global 100 brands have active presence on social media. 67 % of the Brands have
twitter accounts while 57% have Facebook and remains have on Youtube, Google+, Pinterest
and etc.
(2.2) National Reviews
1. Manish Parihar (2012)in “Customer Relationship Management” he mentioned that
Companies of contemporary times have been realizing the insight to create communities around
their products or offerings, invite and encourage members to join them, and then convert them
into loyal customers 35 and advocates. Business owners had been increasingly interested in using
social media to optimize their customer experience management activities because they knew
social media was changing the Customer Relationship Management game.
2. A study has been conducted on social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter and Orkut by
authors P. Sri Jothi, M. Neelamalar and R. Shakthi Prasad (March 2011) in their research
paper ―Analysis of social networking strategy in developing brand communication‖, with
the primary objective of determining the effectiveness of brand communication strategy in
advertising products and promoting brands on social networking sites. The various reasons for
social media being a widely used platform, for advertising compared to the other traditional
advertising mediums have been discussed. The various ways that are being provided by social
media platform for its users to communicate with each other and interact with the brand are
discussed like chat, messaging, video, email, voice chat, file-sharing, blogging and discussion
groups. According to the writers views, the marketing communications are becoming personal,
interesting, interactive and social. Findings of the study suggest that social media advertising has
its impact on 70% of the users and half of them access these ads i.e. games, quiz, events etc. It
was found that the interaction is more in the display banner 31 advertisements in Face book and
Orkut.
3. ―Social media marketing: strategies & its impact‖ by Vivek Bajpai Sanjay Pandey,
Shweta Shriwas: Social platforms each have an ecosystem of their own. Creating a basic social
media presence is easy enough, getting your community to actually do something is more
difficult. Make sure your site is included in local business directories in order to help ensure that
consumers find you when they need you. Customizing messages across sites help the message
spread but it keeps users from receiving multiple identical communications. By giving exclusive
coupons to your social community, you‘re rewarding and reminding them that you are not only a
brand to engage 37 with, but also to buy from. Taking advantage of these strategies can help you
build your community, make your marketing more effective, and incentivize buying.
4. Anil Bhatt (May 2012) in his paper on Blog Popularity and Activity on Social Media: an
Exploratory Research has made an attempt to find out the impact of some social media
website‘s popularity on ROI. Social media provides a global opportunity for brands to use them
as an effective channel for marketing of products and services. However the effectiveness of any
Marketing channel is largely dependent on a very important entity the ROI. ROI is something
that most marketers look at when one has to determine the effectiveness of any marketing
channel. The study therefore examined ROI for weblogs and how their promotions through two
highly popular social networking sites, namely Facebook and Twitter affects their popularity and
in turn increases their revenue through advertisements. Page views is a direct 40 measure of the
traffic a particular blog has and therefore a correlation between page views and Facebook fans
and twitter fans was established to understand the effect of promotion of brands through social
media. The findings of the study revealed a positive correlation across all blog categories and
hence it was concluded that a positive change in Facebook followers and Twitter followers
increases the number of page views. It was also found that the page views increased with the
increase in time due to an increase in fans or followers.
5. Shahir Bhatt and Amola Bhatt (2012) in their research paper Factors influencing Online
Shopping: An Empirical Study in Ahmedabad writes about the factors which influence the
perceptions of consumers regarding online shopping. The study has revealed three important
influencing factors:
Attractiveness of website,
Service quality of websites
Website security
6. Sunil Karve, Shilpa C. Shinde (March 2013) in their paper ―Effectiveness of Social
Networking Sites (SNS)‖ have made an attempt to figure out the experiences of the internet
users regarding social media and have also tried to find out the pattern of SNS usage of the
consumers. The writers state that social media has become so much popular, that it has surpassed
the popularity of email, to become number four after search, portals and PC software
applications. The tremendous increase in the amount of time people are spending using these
SNS have changed the way people spend their time online and this affects the way people
behave, interact and share in their normal daily lives. This paper has tried to analyse the overall
effectiveness.
CHAPTER 3
Research Methodology
3.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
3.2 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
3.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
3.4 DATA COLLECTION
CHAPTER 3
Research Methodology
In today‘s technology driven world, social networking sites have become an avenue where
retailers can extend their marketing campaigns to a wider range of consumers. The tools and
approaches for communicating with customers have changed greatly with the emergence of
social media; therefore, businesses must learn how to use social media in a way that is consistent
with their business plan. Based on the respective Research Gaps and critical observations from
the extensive Review of Literature as well as Expert Interviews, the following Research
Questions were developed to guide the study:
Q.1) What is the impact of marketing via social media on the buying behavior of consumers?
Q.2)Does the increased use of internet and social media leads to increased online purchasing?
Q.3) Is the impact of social media marketing same for all the consumers irrespective of their
demographic profile?
Q.4) whether the impact of social media same for all categories of products?
Q.5) What are the factors which motivate a person for online shopping?
H01: Social media marketing strategies of e-retailers have no significant impact on buying
behavior of customers.
H11: Social media marketing strategies of e-retailers have a significant impact on buying
behavior of customers.
H02: There is no association between effect of social media marketing and gender of
respondent
H12: There is an association between effect of social medial marketing and gender of
respondent.
H03: There is no association between effect of social media marketing and education of
respondent.
H13: There is an association between effect of social media marketing and education of
respondent.
H15: There is an association between effect of social media marketing and occupation of
respondent.
H06: There is no association between effect of social media marketing and age of
respondent.
(3.3) SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The number of respondents has been limited to 60 as during the corona virus pandemic, it was
difficult to approach people physically owing to physical mobility constraints. Therefore in
order to collect responses from respondents, an online questionnaire was formulated and
circulated among respondents based in Bhopal.
The only condition for eligibility for being a respondent was to have a social media account.
The time period selected for this survey and circulation of questionnaire was August to October
2020, during which nationwide lockdown was imposed owing to the corona virus pandemic.
Therefore, owing to lack of available resources, the scope of the study is limited in nature.
(3.4) DATA COLLECTION
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA:
BHOPAL
DURATION OF STUDY
1 MONTH
SAMPLE SIZE
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
POPULATION
Bhopal is selected as field of research which is a very well planned and organized area. With the
existence of many government and private corporate offices, banks, financial institutions,
business houses, malls, ports etc it provide a heterogeneous mix of population which helps in
selecting an unbiased and random sample.
SAMPLE
Sample is a subgroup of population selected for the participation of the study. In this study, a
subgroup of teenagers and millennial are taken into considerations.
SAMPLE SIZE
It specifies the number of samples chosen from a target population. The sample size has been
selected as 60 in order to include some more elements of the population.
SAMPLING METHOD
Random Sampling technique has been used for this study. In a Random sample from infinite
population selection of each item is controlled by the same probabilities and the successive
selections are independent of one another.
The two major types of hypothesis are null and alternative. Null hypothesis states that there is
no significant relationship between the two variables being studied and that the results are due
to chance and are not significant in terms of supporting the idea being investigated.
Alternative hypothesis states that there is relationship between the two variables studied and
that the results are not due to chance and that they are significant in terms of supporting the
theory being investigated.
The raw data has been collected from primary source i.e. with the help of questionnaire which
consists of the question referring to different aspects of consumer behavior and impact of social
media. The findings from the research are:
Among 60 respondents 28.3% (17) are from department of commerce, 23.3% (14) are
from department of computers, 13.3% (8) are from department of management and rest
from other departments.
Among 60 respondents 60% (36) are from final year, 26.7% (16) are from first year and
13.3% (8) are from second year.
Among 60 respondents 93.3% (56) are aware of various social media sites and 6.7% (4)
are not aware of various social media sites.
Among 60 respondents 40% (24) go through social media sites 1-2 times, 25% (15) 3-4
times, 20% (12) more than 6 times, 11.7% (7) 5-6 times and remaining do not visit social
media sites frequently.
Among 60 respondents 98.3% (59) are aware of various social media sites and 1.7% (1)
are not aware of various social media sites.
Among 60 respondents 56.7% (34) prefer online buying, 36.7% (22) prefer sometimes to
buy online and rest never prefer to buy online.
There many factors that affect the behavior of consumer to buy online i.e.,
Advertisements, Family, Friends, Door to door service, Easy handling return etc., Ease
of sitting at home and getting things delivered at home, Convenience.
Among 60 respondents 48.3% (29) says social media maybe has an impact on their
online buying preferences, 40% (24) says social media has an impact on their online
buying preferences and 11.7% (7) says social media does not have an impact on their
online buying preferences.
Among 60 respondents 33.3% (20) prefer online buying because of easy availability,
30% (18) for variety and pricing each and remaining due to other factors (return policy).
(5.2.1) Discussion
Social media offer affordable opportunities to reach large populations. Additionally, online
campaigns on social media can benefit from the persuasive features of interactive multi-media
systems. Many researchers and marketing mogul have considered social media as an effective
tool of marketing. Social media is a phenomenon that has become an important aspect in
marketing mix and is revolutionizing the way companies interact with customers.
Association between the social media marketing and buying behavior of consumers:
It is proved that marketing via social media significantly affect the buying behavior of
consumers.
It is established that majority of consumers consider social media as effective means of
marketing.
The availability of social media has made consumers more informed about brands when
making purchase decisions.
Majority of customers strongly agree to the statement that they are more exposed to
marketing communication as a result of increased media use.
(5.2.2) Suggestions
As it has been proved that marketing via social media has a significant impact on
customers buying decision process, it can be used by e-retails as an effective tool of
marketing. But as now a days almost all the e-retailers have a presence on social media so
it is very important to be different in order to prompt the customer to respond to
advertisements. It is of vital importance to make advertisements unique and attractive and
customize them as per the likes and dislikes of customers and prospects.
As trust worthiness of advertisements on social media is an important factor for
consumers, the advertisements by e-retailers must be genuine, simple and draw a realistic
picture.
As it is evident from the study that majority of people spend more than 2 hours on social
networking sites. There is a need to engage the always connected consumer at every
touch point and in real time, anticipating their needs and responding at every step.
Facebook is most effective tool of marketing as per the study but now a considerable
amount of people are using new SNSs like instagram, pinterest ect so there is an
opportunity to use these new social sites optimally. The Social networking sites like
LinkedIn, Twitter, instagram etc. can improve their marketing efficiency by enhancing
features like targeting the advertisements to the right group of audiences and making the
ads more appealing so that more and more audience are attracted towards them for
socializing as well as accessing product information.
Use Images while posting on social media: Adding an image to an otherwise text-based
announcement is far more compelling and will increase click-through significantly.
There is a need to engage the always connected consumer at every touch point and in real
time, anticipating their needs and responding at every step.
(5.3) CONCLUSION
The findings and the results of our study clearly signifies that social media marketing influences
the building of brands as well as influences the sales of the business. Moreover, the feedback
obtained from the customers further help to design the marketing strategy of their products Also,
the data on which the analysis has been done in this study is recent data, so, the project could be
enhanced to do a detailed study on previous years data in order to see the pattern and trends that
has been evolved with respect to consumer behavior
Similar studies can be conducted in different cities with different demographics.
There can be study of social media marketing on buying behavior of specific group of
people like students, business class, government servants, housewives etc.
There can be study on impact of marketing on particular social networking site like
Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat etc.
REFRENCES
Anil Bhat (May 2012), ―Blog Popularity And Activity On Social Media : An
Exploratory Research‖, Indian Journal of Marketing
Bird, S. & Tapp, A. (2008) Social marketing and themeaning of cool. Social Marketing
Quarterly, 14(1), 18-29.
Bush, A. & Hair, J. (1985) An assessment of the mall intercept as a data collection
method. Journal of Marketing Research, 22(2), 158-167
Jiyoung Cha (2009), ―Shopping on Social networking websites ; Attitudes toward real
versus virtual items‖, Journal of Interactive Advertising, pp. 77-93, Vol. 10, Issue 1.
Sunil Karve, Shilpa C. Shinde(2013),‖ Effectiveness of Social Networking Sites‖ IBMRD
Journal of Management and Research, Vol.2 issue1 14.
Tom Smith (2010), ―The social media revolution‖, International Journal of Market
Research, Vol. 51, Issue 4.
Yin Sara(2008), ― How Social Media and PR Connects‖ Media (Hongkong) publications
pg.20-21
http://www.wikipedia.org/
http://scholar.google.co.in/ dated
http://www.mckinsey.com/
ANNEXURE
QUESTIONNAIRE
Which Department are you from? *
Dept of Education
Dept of Commerce
Dept of English
Dept of Management
Dept of Humanities
Dept of Computers
Dept of Social Work
Dept of Economics
Other:
WHICH YEAR? *
1st
2nd
3rd
Yes
No
1-2 Times
3-4 Times
5-6 Times
more than 6 times
Other:
Yes
No
Yes
No
sometimes
Other:
What made you prefer online buying? *
Advertisments
Family
Friends
any other (please specify)
Other:
Maybe
Yes
No
Easy availabilty
Variety
Pricing
others
Other: