SHS Bread & Pastry Learning Guide
SHS Bread & Pastry Learning Guide
Preface
have sought to continue their learning can still pursue in the Open High
Cagayan de Oro City at the present is the investment in FLO all the
achieve quality and equity in educating our learners in the second wind.
This is a green light for SHARED Options and the DLP learning activity
still pursue and complete it. With a pool of competent, dedicated, and
SHARED Options;
NHS, Lapasan NHS, Puerto NHS and Lumbia NHS, for the
Signo; and
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ACTIVITY
LEARNING ACTIVITY TITLE DATE SCORE ITEM
NUMBER
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Enabling Skills: Use appropriate equipment according to required bakery products and standard
operating procedures
References: www.aseantoolbox.com LAS No.: 1
CONCEPT NOTES:
Study the following baking tools, utensils, and equipment.
PICTURES FUNCTIONS
Measuring - These refer to the tools to be used in measuring
the ingredients. Remember that measurement in
baking plays a vital role in baking successfully.
tools
Mixing Tools These are used to mix ingredients.
Baking Pans - These utensils are used when the batter is placed
before baking in an oven. It is recommended to use
the suggested pans in a recipe.
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Enabling Skills: Use appropriate equipment according to required bakery products and standard
operating procedures
References: www.aseantoolbox.com LAS No.: 1
EXERCISE: IDENTIFICATION
Identify at least three (3) types of measuring tools, mixing tools, baking
pans, and cutting tools.
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Enabling Skills: Select, measure and weigh required ingredients according to recipe or
production requirements
References: www.aseantoolbox.com LAS No.: 1.1
CONCEPT NOTES:
Baking Ingredients
Flour and Starches- are the major ingredients used in any baked goods. They are
considered being the main ingredients because they contain gluten that provides
structure to the cake.
Ex. Bread Flour, All Purpose Flour, Self-Rising Flour and Cake Flour
Fats- are added in the mixture to make the cake richer, tender and has more
moisture. Using fat softens, moistens, and tenderizes the texture of the cake
because it shortens and tenderizes the crumb or gluten. It also assists in the
primary aeration in the creaming process.
Ex. Butter, Margarine and Shortening/Lard
Leavening Agents - are used to produce carbon dioxide bubbles, which are
trapped by starch and expand during baking that causes the cake to rise.
Ex. Baking Powder, Yeast, Baking Soda and Cream of Tartar
Liquid Ingredients - used to tenderize, increase volume and affect the symmetry
of the cake mixture.
Ex. Water, Milk and Cream and Eggs
Dry Ingredients - Salt, Flavoring and Spices (also referred to as minor
ingredients)
Ex. Sugar, Salt, Cocoa Powder, Glycerine, Nuts, Fruits, and Chocolate
EXERCISE: In the space provided, write T if the statement is true and F if the
statement is false.
_______ 1. Flour and starches are the minor ingredients used in any baked goods.
_______2. Milk is used to tenderize, increase in volume and does not affect the
symmetry of the cake mixture.
_______ 3. Leavening agents are used to produce carbon dioxide bubbles.
_______ 4. Fats assist in the primary aeration in the creaming process.
_______ 5. Fats contain gluten that provides structure to the cake.
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CONCEPT NOTES:
SUBSTITUTION OF INGREDIENTS
Sometimes, you may find it necessary to substitute one ingredient for
another in a recipe. But using a different ingredient may change both the taste
and texture of your baking, so it is good idea before substituting to understand
the role that ingredients play in the recipe. Use this table as a guideline only.
Ingredient Amount Substitute
Baking powder 1 tsp. ¼ tsp. baking soda plus ½ tsp. cream
of tartar plus ¼ tsp. corn starch
Cake flour 1 cup ( 130 g) ¾ cup (105 g) all-purpose flour plus
2 tbsp. (30g) corn starch
Corn starch (for 1 tbsp. (15 g) 2 tbsp. ( 25g) all-purpose flour
thickening)
Cream of tartar ½ tsp. ½ tsp. white vinegar or lemon juice
Flour ,self-rising 1 cup ( 140g ) 1 cup (140g) all-purpose flour plus 1
½ tsp. baking powder plus ¼ tsp.
salt
Lard ½ cup ( 113 g) ½ cup (113g) solid vegetable
shortenings plus 1 tbsp. (14g)
unsalted butter
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CONCEPT NOTES:
STAGES IN BREAD PRODUCTION
1. Scaling Ingredients - All ingredients must be weighed accurately. Water, milk
and eggs may be measured by volume. They are scaled at one pint per pound, or
one kilogram per liter.
2. Mixing yeast dough has three main purposes:
To combine all ingredients
To distribute the yeast evenly throughout the dough
To develop the gluten
3. Fermentation – It is the process by which yeast acts on the sugars and
starches in the dough to produce carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and alcohol.
Fermentation is complete when the dough has doubled in volume.
4. Punching - It is not hitting the dough with your fist. It is a method of deflating
the dough that expels carbon dioxide, redistributes the yeast for further growth,
relaxes the gluten, and equalizes the temperature throughout the dough.
5. Rounding - The pieces of dough are shaped into smooth, round balls. This
procedure forms a king of skin by stretching the gluten on the outside of the
dough into a smooth layer.
6. Makeup and panning - The dough is shaped into loaves or rolls and placed in
pans or on baking sheets.
7. Proofing- It is the final rise of shaped bread dough before baking. It refers to
the rest period within the more generalized process.
8. Baking – It refers to making bread and cake in an oven using dry heat.
9. Cooling – It refers to losing heat of the baked product.
10. Storing – It refers to putting the baked product in a place to keep it safe.
EXERCISE: In the space provided, write the word that corresponds to the
description given below.
_____1. It is the process by which yeast acts on the sugars and starches in the
dough to produce carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and alcohol.
_____2. It is not hitting the dough with your fist.
_____3. It is the final rise of shaped bread dough before baking.
_____4. It is where the dough is shaped into loaves or rolls and placed in pans or
on baking sheets.
_____5. It is where the pieces of dough are shaped into smooth, round balls.
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Enabling Skills: Bake bakery products according to techniques and appropriate conditions
CONCEPT NOTES:
STRAIGHT DOUGH METHOD
Study the following:
1. MISE EN PLACE.
2. Preheat the oven to 200°C (390°F).
3. Dissolve yeast in milk, add sugar, eggs and mix in, add the remaining
ingredient except butter.
4. Knead on low speed for 4 minutes, scraping side down the bottom of the bowl.
5. Knead on medium speed for 8 minutes; add butter 3 minutes before end of
the kneading time.
6. Dough should be malleable.
7. Bulk fermentation, 45 minutes, punch down 20 minutes.
8. Scaling, rounding 45-60 grams.
9. Rest for 20 minutes.
10. Shaping round or oval.
11. When half proof, brush with egg wash.
12. Final rising, 35 minutes or until double in size.
13. Baking time, 15 to 23 minutes until golden brown.
EXERCISE: MATCHING TYPE. Match the standard time of each baking process.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
______1. Rest time a. 15 to 25 minutes
______2. Standard scale b. egg wash
______3. Final rising c. 20 minutes
______4. Kneading time on low speed d. 35 minutes
______5. Punch down e. 20 minutes
______6. Fermentation f. 45 minutes
______7. Baking time g. 45-60 grams
______8. Oven temperature h. 200°C (390°F)
______9. Brush with i. 4 minutes
______10. Kneading time on medium speed j. 8 minutes
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Learning Competency: LO1 Standard Baking and Mixing Procedures of Bakery Products
TLE_HEBP9-12PB-Ia-f-1
Enabling Skills: Prepare and produce bakery products
Suggested projects: Soft Rolls
References: www.culinarycourseware.com LAS No.: 1.6
CONCEPT NOTES:
SOFT ROLL
Ingredients:
625g bread dough
60g refined sugar
60g shortening/ butter (white lard)
5g refined salt
10g instant yeast
300g evap. milk (150g water + 150g evap. milk)
60g egg
Filling: Ham/Cheese/Hotdog/Chocolate Coin
Toppings:
1 can condensed milk
1 bar of butter
1 bar of cheese
Procedure:
Straight Dough Method
ACTIVITY:
Using the recipe above, produce Soft Roll as directed.
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CONCEPT NOTES:
PASTRY
Pastries – refer to a group of dough made with flour, water, and fat, foods made
with this dough or a large variety of fancy baked goods.
Pastry dough – is rolled out thinly and used as a base for baked goods.
KINDS OF PASTRY
1. Cream puff – This is a round shell of pastry filled with custard or sweetened
whipped cream.
2. Short crust pastry – This is the simplest and most common pastry. It is made
of flour, fat, salt, and water.
3. Flaky pastry – This is simple pastry that expands when cooked due to the
number of layers. This is perfect if you are looking for a crisp, buttery pastry.
4. Puff pastry – This has many layers that cause it to expand or “puff” when
baked. Pastries are made using flour, butter, salt, and water.
5. Choux pastry – This is a very light pastry that is filled with cream. The pastry
is filled with various flavors of cream and is often topped with chocolate.
6. Phyllo pastries – These are usually paper thin and greatly stretched. They
involve several stretched out layers and are wrapped around a filling and brushed
with butter.
The process of making pastry includes mixing of the fat and flour, adding
water and rolling out the paste. It is cooked 180°C and the result is a soft, tender
pastry. A related type is the sweetened sweet crust pastry.
EXERCISE: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on the space
provided.
______1. It is a kind of pastry that is made of flour, fat, salt and water.
a. Phyllo b. cream c. puff d. choux
______2. This is a very light pastry that is filled with cream.
a. cream b. choux c. phyllo d. puff
______3. It is rolled out thinly and used as a base for baked goods.
a. pastry dough b. pastries c. phyllo d. puff
______4. It is simple pastry that expands when cooked due to the number of
layers. a. cream b. choux c. flaky d. phyllo
______5. This pastry is filled with various flavors of cream and is often topped
with chocolate. a. choux b. cream c. pastries d. puff
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Enabling Skills: Correct proportion control, yields, weights and sizes for profitability
CONCEPT NOTES:
BASIC RECIPE PROPORTION
The following table shows proportions of ingredients to one another in
certain basic recipes. The amounts of ingredients do not constitute full-size
recipes and are not intended for family meal preparations.
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CONCEPT NOTES:
PROCEDURE:
1. Cut the dough in half and pat each half into a round, flat disk.
2. Roll out one disk into a 12-inch round as directed and line the pan or dish.
3. Press any scraps trimmed from the first round into the bottom of the second
disk.
4. Roll out the second dough disk into a round at least 12 inches in diameter and
about 1/8-inch thick and refrigerate until ready use.
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RUBRIC:
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Learning Competency: LO1 Bake pastry products according to techniques and appropriate
conditions; and enterprise requirement and standards TLE_HEBP9-12PP-
IIa-g-4
Enabling Skills: Bake and present pastry product
CONCEPT NOTES:
CUSTARD PIE
Ingredients:
3 eggs beaten slightly
2 ½ cups milk
½ tsp. salt
½ tsp. vanilla
½ cup sugar
1/8 cup nutmeg
9-inch unbaked pie shell
Procedure:
1. Combine first six ingredients. Mix well. Pour into pie shell.
2. Bake at 450°F for 10 minutes, then at 325°F for 30 minutes.
3. Insert a knife to a pie. If the knife comes out clean, it is assured that the
pie is already cooked or done.
EXERCISE:
Group yourselves into five. Each group will demonstrate how to prepare
single and double pie crusts. With the same group, bake some pie recipes of
your choice. Evaluate your finished product.
Standard Score Sheet for Pie and Pastry Making
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CONCEPT NOTES:
CULINARY TERMS
1. Boiled icing - a sugar and egg white icing for cakes. Sugar is first cooked on the
stove top to form syrup, and then the hot syrup is beaten into whipped egg whites.
As the mixture is beaten it becomes smooth, fluffy, and glossy.
2. Fondant/ Fondant Icing - a thick paste that is made of sugar and water and is
often flavored and/or colored; it is used for making candy and icing in cake
decorating.
3. Glaze - an overlay or cover (food, fabric, etc.) with a smooth and shiny coating
or finish.
4. Gateau, torte - a rich cake, typically one containing layers of cream or fruit.
5. Garnishing - to decorate or embellish something, especially food.
6. Product - an article or substance that is manufactured or refined for sale.
7. Product characteristic - an element that defines a product's character, such as
size, shape, weight, etc.
8. Petit four - a small confectionery or savory appetizer means “small oven” in
French.
9. Shelf-life - the length of time for which an item remains usable, fit for
consumption, or saleable.
10. Sweet paste - sweet doughy candy or confection.
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Lesson Title : Techniques to Produce Sponges and Cakes for Gateaux, Tortes and Cakes
Enabling Skills: Recipe specifications, techniques and conditions and desired product
characteristics
References: www.aseantoolbox.com LAS No.: 3.1
CONCEPT NOTES:
TECHNIQUES TO PRODUCE SPONGES AND CAKES FOR
GATEAUX, TORTES AND CAKES
Techniques should include:
Beating ingredients together to get the correct consistency before the
next stage is attempted. Use butter and sugar to aerate before adding the
remaining of ingredients.
Whisking of lighter ingredients as egg whites to make meringue, mixing of
cream so the fat globules begin to adhere together and air is trapped inside
allowing cream to be piped.
Folding is the blending of whipped cream and melted chocolate together so
minimal air is lost so the light property of a delicious chocolate mousse is
achieved. The chocolate is folded gently into the cream so the lightness is
maintained.
Creaming is the mixing of an ingredient like butter so it is smooth and lump
free. It can be mixing until the ingredient is lighter and fluffier due to the
air being incorporated into the ingredient.
Kneading is the manipulation of dough until the correct consistency is
achieved. Bread dough is kneaded until the dough takes on the smooth
characteristics of a well-developed gluten structure inside the dough.
Cutting skills are required when producing gateaux so even portions are
achieved.
Piping skills are required so even balance is achieved in the decoration.
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CONCEPT NOTES:
VARIETY OF FILLINGS, COATING/ICING AND DECORATIONS FOR
GATEAUX, TORTES AND CAKES
Buttercreams – may be flavored with liqueur, pulps and/or other flavors.
Boiled Creams – may be custards, bavarois, winecreams and chibousts. Also
commonly used in modern patisserie are poached creams like crème caramel or
crème brulee.
Chocolate – may be used as ganache either with butter or fresh cream, flavors
and/or liqueur or baked (mudcake).
Fresh and cooked cheese fillings – may include sweet mixtures of Cottage
cheese, Cream cheese, Ricotta, Mascarpone and Quark.
Fruit – may be used fresh, poached, as a pulp, boiled and or thickened with pectin,
gelatin, or starch (jelly, jams). Fruit may be frozen after initial preparation to
change consistency and retain color and flavor. Commercial manufactured fillings
are readily available.
Fresh Cream and/or Imitation Cream based – may be flavored with liqueur
and/or fruits, including chocolate and other flavors. Creams may be stabilized
with agar-agar, gelatin and or starches. Special powders are commercially
available to stabilize cream, which are freeze and thaw stable.
It is important not to over whip cream before using in mousses and fillings
because further mixing can cause the cream to „split‟, this is when the fat solids
separate from the liquids causing a granulated or lumpy mouth feel, a smooth feel
is desirable.
Marzipan and Nougat – may be used by itself or with the addition of liqueurs and
/or other flavors.
EXERCISE: ESSAY
Differentiate one variety of fillings from the other. (3 points each)
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Enabling Skills: Identification of the required consistency and appropriate flavor of fillings
CONCEPT NOTES:
Elegance of Gateaux
What makes gateaux appealing to the eye?
Air bubbles show lightness – Don’t destroy them with a hot knife.
Razor sharp top edge shows the skill: Don’t hide by masking over with nuts or
chocolate
Use clean lines: Don’t over decorate, keep it simple and within your skills
If masking sides with grated chocolate or nuts, avoid using the same for
decorating the top.
Keep the portions small as it is only as a dessert.
Tortes
These will normally have slightly different construction than a gateau:
Pastry base lined into a mold, sweet layer of jam then an almond cream is placed
on top and the torte is then baked then boiled apricot jam is applied to the top of
the baked product then a final glaze of flavored fondant is thinly applied.
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Enabling Skills: Identification of specific decorations appropriate for sponge and cakes
CONCEPT NOTES:
DÉCOR
This is a term used to describe decorations that may be applied to the
outside of the gateau.
Roasted nuts - Sliced or ground or nibbled or shaved.
These are all way that nuts can be purchased for decoration
purpose. These will need to be roasted before using as the
raw flavor lacks character and diminishes the flavor of
product.
ROASTING of nuts improves the flavor and color of the
nut so adding to the visual appeal outside of the gateau.
Coconut while not being a true nut can be treated the same as nuts for this
purpose and has the advantage of being much more economical.
Candied fruits - Fruits that are slowly immersed in hot saturated sugar solution
several times will absorb the sugar and when cooled down and air dried will stand
at room temperature without the need for temperature control to preserve them
for longer periods of time than when fresh. These can be color enhanced as the
cooking process can leach out color. Some can be natural. Visual appeal is the key
here as well as food value.
Non-pariels – A colored sugar candy that can be used to attach to the side of
gateau or even applied to the top of gateau.
Chocolate decors - Strips, curls and shapes can be formed to produce
decorations that are placed onto the top of sides of gateau.
EXERCISE:
Describe the different decorations that may be applied outside the gateaux.
(5 points each)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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Subject: BREAD AND PASTRY PRODUCTION NC II
Lesson Title : Commodities and Preparations of Cakes
Learning Competency: LO2 Prepare and select fillings in accordance with required consistency
and appropriate flavors TLE_HEBP9-12TC-IIIg-8
Enabling Skills: Identification of fillings appropriate in a specific cake
References: www.aseantoolbox.com LAS No.: 3.5
CONCEPT NOTES:
COMMODITIES AND PREPARATIONS OF CAKES
Bases
Sponge cake - many different ways of making sponge
cake. Ideal for gateau making can be plain, made with
nuts or different colors. Easy to slice.
Butter cake - Pound or maderia style when a heavier
base is required. It will absorb and hold flavor infused
sugar syrups well. Have a firmer texture than sponge.
Fillings
Butter creams - French, German or Italian styles each have
their own characteristics. They can all carry color and flavor
to add to the eating and flavor sensation.
Mousses - Flavored fresh creams. It can be stabilised when
chilled with the addition of setting agents like gelatine or
agar-agar.
Ganache - A mixture of boiled cream and chocolate. 2:1 cream: chocolate ratio is
normal. Lighter mixes only need ratio to change.
Fruits - As filling, some of these will need to be cooked before either going into
oven or in filling in gateaux. Apple for example will lose a lot of water, while
apricots not so much.
Dried fruits - Those slightly rehydrated are good because they are available all
year round and easier to store. It will sit at room temperature.
Nuts - Ground, sliced or whole can be used internally to add textural diversity
and interest.
EXERCISE: In the space provided, write T if the statement is true and F if the
statement is false.
_____1. Mousses can be stabilised when heated with the addition of setting
agents like gelatine or agar-agar.
_____2. Dried fruits that are slightly rehydrated are good because they are
available all year round and easier to store. It will sit at room temperature.
_____3. Butter creams can carry color and flavor to add to the eating and flavor
sensation.
_____4. Fruits as filling will need to be cooked before either going into oven or in
filling in gateau.
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CONCEPT NOTES:
PRESENTING CAKES, GATEAUX, AND TORTES
In the previous lesson, the topic on how to decorate the cake was discussed.
It is clearly stated that the style of the decoration can be at the discretion of
the head pastry chef. The main criterion in decorating cake is its consistency,
which is why product must look the same every time it is produced.
One of the great ways to increase sales is to display the cake well. Doing so
increases eye appeal and this may persuade customers to order a slice or buy the
whole cake.
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CONCEPT NOTES:
STORING CAKES, GATEAUX, AND TORTES
Cakes can easily be stored but not gateaux and tortes. Listed are the
guidelines to follow in storing cakes, gateaux and tortes in order to maintain
maximum eating quality, appearance and freshness:
Away from strong odor
The cakes must be protected from strong odors such as onion and garlic. In
some kitchen, there is dedicated controlled storage, or chilled, enclosed spaces,
for these cakes.
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CONCEPT NOTES:
Frosting Description
Swiss Buttercream Whisk butter and confectioners' sugar
to a soft, smooth and fluffy
consistency.
Icing
Meringue Whisk egg whites, confectioners' sugar,
and lemon juice.
For more examples of the different types of icing and frosting, please see
the attached link: https://tastessence.com/types-of-icing-for-cakes
EXERCISE:
Decorate a cake using Swiss Buttercream. (Please see attached rubric.)
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RUBRIC
Decorating Cakes SCORE
Script/block 0 1-3 4-5
writing
Product Product Product
decoration decoration is decoration is
needs acceptable but attractive and
improvement lacks pleasing
professional
qualities
Additional 0 1-3 4-5
edible items
Product Product Product
decoration decoration is decoration is
needs acceptable but attractive and
improvement lacks pleasing
professional
qualities
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CONCEPT NOTES:
TOOLS AND MATERIALS DESCRIPTION
Varies from round, leaf, star, ruffle
(left photo), and specialty tips such as
these Russian decorating tips (right
photo).
Decorating tips
Can make decorative sides to your cake.
Cake scrapers
A cone shaped plastic used to
temporarily store and dispense frosting
when decorating cakes.
Pastry bags
Creates a flat surface suitable for
decorating cakes specially when
stacking and filling your layers.
Cake leveler
Can cut out uniform characters from
fondant for a variation of letter
designs.
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CONCEPT NOTES:
Petit Fours - are small biscuits and cakes that are attractively decorated.
They are intended to be served as dessert after dinner with coffee or cocktails.
Assembly Method:
1. Lay one sponge sheet on a sheet of baking paper.
2. Spread a thin layer of butter cream frosting over the sponge sheet.
3. Place a second sheet of sponge on top. Press firmly into place.
4. Spread another layer butter cream frosting over the second sponge sheet.
5. Place a third sheet of sponge. Refrigerate at least 30 minutes for
buttercream to set firmly.
6. Cut to square shapes and decorate with buttercream frosting.
EXERCISE:
Prepare and display sponge-based petit fours. Please refer to the attached
rubric.
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LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
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SENIOR HIGH ALTERNATIVE RESPONSIVE EDUCATION DELIVERY
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
CONCEPT NOTES:
Tips on How to Plate Cakes
1. Choose a Bowl that Works
Always use a suitable bowl or
plate.
EXERCISE:
Based on the above mentioned tips, plate and present your own sponge cake.
Refer to the attached rubric.
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SENIOR HIGH ALTERNATIVE RESPONSIVE EDUCATION DELIVERY
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Rubric
Criteria Score
Proper Balance Plating is Balance Evidence of
balanced with attempted but balance is
even eye needs limited or not
appealing flow improvement present
5 4 3 2 1 0
Use of Color Color is Some color Lack of color
complimentary variety but variety
and eye needs
appealing improvement
5 4 3 2 1 0
Shape Incorporates Some repetition Variety in shape
(proportion) variety of eye of shapes but very limited or
appealing variety is not present
shapes evident
3 2 1 0
5 4
Use of Garnish Appropriate for Adequate but Inappropriate
food items not outstanding selection of
garnish or lack
3 2 of or too much
5 4 1 0
Overall Presentation is Presentation is Presentation
Product attractively acceptable and needs
Presentation displayed Shows some creativity improvement
creativity is displayed and lacks
5 4 3 2 creativity
1 0
Total Score
Competence.Dedication.Optimism
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SHARED OPTIONS
SENIOR HIGH ALTERNATIVE RESPONSIVE EDUCATION DELIVERY
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
CONCEPT NOTES:
Storing Type Conditions
Room Temperature Without dairy products the item can be stored
at room temperature
Make sure it is covered from the external
environment
Make sure product is labeled
Store away from strong odors like onions or
cleaning agents
Freezer When wrapping, be careful not to squash the
cake
Date of freezing must be on the label
Use the First In-First Out (FIFO) rule
Cool Room Fresh cream can only be stored for 24 hours
Factors Effects
Florescent and Will change icing colors
Lighting Sunlight
Humidity Royal icing and gum paste decorations will be
softened
Heat A melt icing and can sag decorations
EXERCISE: ESSAY.
Differentiate each storing type from the other. (15 points)
Competence.Dedication.Optimism