What is biology?
Branches of Biology
What is Biology
• Science (from the Latin word sc/ent/a, meaning
"knowledge")
• It is a systematic enterprise that builds and
organi zes knowledge in the form of testable
explanation s and predictions about the
universe
• Or, science is an organized form of knowledge or
systematic knowledge
• That is, knowledge through process
Cont’d
• The Word Biology is the combination of two Greek
words (bios —life, logos —study)
• Biology is the branch of science which deals
with the study of living objects and their life
processes
• It covers all aspect of the study of living creatures
like growth, structure, occurrence, classification,
ecology, economics importance, external form,
organization, internal structure, nutrition among
others
Cont’d
• Being broad - based and multidisplinary, the term
biolo gy is often replaced by the term "life science or
biologi cal science."
• The term biology was coined by Jean-Baptiste
Lamarck
• Aristode is know as the "Father of Biology"
BOTANY
• Botany is the branch of biology which deals
wit h the scientific study of different aspects
of pla nts and plant-like organisms which
include alga e, fungi, lichens, mosses, ferns,
conifer, and flow ering plants
• The ancient Greek Theophrastus (371-286 B.C.E
.) is known as the “Father/Founder of Botany”
Microbiology
• Microbiology is the branch of biology that deals
wit h the scientific study of all living organisms
that are too small to be visible to the naked eye.
• These organisms include: bacteria, archaea, viruses,
f ungi, prions, protozoa, and algae, collectively
known as ‘Microbes’
• Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek is known as
the "Father of Microbiology”
The pure branch of biology include the following:
Morphology
Ecology
Anatomy
Embryology
Histology
Genetics
Cytology
Paleontology
Cell biology Taxonomy
Molecular biology Evolution
Physiology Pathology
• Morphology
It is the study of external form, size, shape, color, external
structure and relative position of living organisms
• Anatomy
It is the study of internal structure which can be observed
with
unaided eye after dissection
• Physiology
It is the study of different types of body functions and
process es or the functional activities of a living organism
• Cytology
It is the study of form and structure as well as the
function of cells including the behavior of nucleus and
other oganeMes
• Histology
It is the study of tissue organization and
structure as observed through light
microscope
• Embryology
It is the study of fertilization, growth, division and different
iation of the zygote into embryo or early development of
living beings before the attainment of structure and size of
the offspring
• Taxonomy
lt is the science of identification, nomenclature and
classification of organisms
• Genetics
It is the study of inheritance of characters or
heredity and variations. Heredity is the study of
expression and transmission of traits from parents
to offspring.
• Ecology
It is the study of living organisms is relation to other
organism and their environment
• Evolution
It studies the origin of life as well as new types
of organism from the previous ones by
modifications involving genetic changes and
adaptations.
• Paleontology
It deals with the study of fossils or remains and
impressions of past organisms present in the rocks
of different ages.
• Ce l Biology
It is the study of morphological, organizational, biochemic
al, physiological, genetic, developmental, pathological and
evolutionary aspects of cell and its components.
• Molecular Biology
It is the,study of the nature, physicochemical organization,
synthesis working and interaction of bio-molecules that br
ing about and control various activities of the protoplasm
• Pathology
It is a branch of biolo h" h studies diseases in plant
a nd animals and their treWment
• The applied branch of biology is divided
into two main streams:
• Applied Botany
• Applied Zoology
• Some important branches of applied botany
are;
1. Agriculture
2. Horticulture
3. Pharmacognosy
4. Forestry...
• Some important branches of applied zoology
are;
1. Sericulture
2. Apiculture
3. Lac culture
4. Poultry
5. Pisciculture
6. Animal husbandry
Some different branches of
science, biology specifically, has
become very importance in this
millennium
A-Z
• Acariology
Study of ticks and mites
• Actinobiology
The branch of science which deals with the study of
radiation effects on organisms
• Aerobiology
Study of flying organisms
• Agroforestry
This branch deals with forms of land used on which
herbaceous crops and trees crops are cultivated
• Agronomy
Science which deals with the crop plants
• Agrostology
Study of grasses
• Anthology
Study of flowers
• Anthropology
Study of apes and man
• Apiculture
Study of Bee keeping
• Araneology
Study of spiders
• Arthrology
Study of joints
• Bacteriology
Study of bacteria
• Batrachology
Study of frog
• Biochemistry
Branch of science which deals with the study of
chemical reactions in relations to life activities
• Biometrics
Statistical analysis of different results of biological
experiments
• Biotechnology
Us of biological organisms in commercial
processes for producing fine chemicals such as
drugs, vaccines and hormones etc.. On a large
scale and at reasona ble cost
• Bryology
Study of Bryophytes
• Biophysics
Study of physical aspects of living organisms
• Carcinology
Study of crab and crustaceans
• Cardiology
Study of the heart
• Chondriology
Study of cartilage
• Chromatology
Study of pigments
• Cnidology
Study of Coelenterata
• Conchology
Study of shells
• Craniology
Study of skull
• Cytogenetics
Study of cytological basis of inheritance
• Dendrology
Study of shrubs and trees
• Dermatology
Study of skin
• Ecobiology
Study of problems of existence of life in outer space
• Ecology
Study of relationship between organisms and their
environment
• Embryology
Study of embryo i.e developmental stages after
fertilization or birth of young ones
• Endocrinology
Study of endocrine glands and their secretions
• Entomology
Study of insects
Study of enzymes
• Ethnology
Study of mankind
• Ethology
Study of conditions of animals or behavior of
animals,
in a natural contest
• Etiology
Study of diseases
• Eugenics
Study of improvement of human race by applying
laws of heredity. It applied before birth. Eugenics is
related with future generation
• Euphenics
Study of improvement of human race by drug treatment
or gene engineering i.e medical engineering of genetic
disorder
• Euthenics
Study of improvement of human race by improving
envir onment. It applied after birth and is related with
present generation
• Evolution
The branch of science which deals with the study of
or igin of new from old i.e origin, variation, inter-
relations hip between organisms of past and
present days
• Exobiology
Space biology is also know as exobiology
• Floriculture
Study od flower yielding plants
• Genetics
Study of heredity and variations
• Gerontology
Study of growing old
• Gynaecology
Study of female reproductive organs
• Haematology
Study of
blood
• Helminthology
Study of helminthes
• Hepatology
Study of liver
• Herpetology
Study of lizards and other reptiles
Study which deals with sleep
• Histochemistry
Study of chemical nature of tissues
• Horticulture
Study of flowering and fruit plants
• Ichnology
Study of fossil footprints
• Ichthyology
Study of fish and it's culture
• Immunology
Study of resistance of organisms against infection
• Kalology
Study of sensory values, sometimes called
judgement of sentiment and taste
• Karyology
Study of nucleus
• Kinesiology
Study of muscle movements
• Lepidopterology
Study of moths and butterflies
• Lichenology
Study of|chens
• Limnology
Study of fresh water lakes, ponds, and streams in
relation with plants and animals
• Malacology
Study of mollusks
• Mammalogy
Study of mammals
• Mastology
Study of breasts
• Melanology
Study of pigments
• Molecular biology
Study o Ii"fe science on molecular level (i.e. RNA and
DNA level)
• Mycology
Study of fungi
• Myrmecology
Study of
ants
• Neonatology
Study of the new-born up to one month of
age
• Nephrology
Study of kidney
• Neurology
Study of the nervous system
• Nidology
Study of nests of birds
• Nosology
yanyhdfmedtcaIscience dealing with the class
It,’::tt
• Odontology
Study of teeth and gums
• Olericulture
Study of vegetable yielding plants
• OnCOlO¢}f
Study of cancer
• Oneirology
Study of dreams
• Ontogeny
Study of embryonic history
• Oology
Study of egg of birds
• Ophthalmology
Study of eyes
• Organocology
Study of development of organs under embryology
• Organology
Study of organs
• Ornithology
Study of birds
• Osteology
Study of bones
• Otorhinolaryngology
Study of ear, nose, and throat
• Paedology
Study of larva stages
• Paleozoology
Study of fossils of animals and their distribution in
time
• Paleobotany
Study of the distribution and characteristics of fossils
• Parasitology
Study of parasites
• Pathology
Study of various diseases in human beings
• Parazoology
Study of porifera/sponges
• Pedology
Study of soils
• Pharmacognosy
Branch of science dealing with medicinal plants
• Pharmacology
Study of synthesis and effect of medicines on organi
• Phenology
Study of organisms as affected by seasonal climates
e.g. of bird migration, opening of flowers etc.
• Phrenology
Study of mental faculties of brain including feelings
• Phycology (algology)
Study of algae
• Phylogeny
Study of evolutionary history
• Physiology
Study of functions of various parts within the
organisms
• Pisciculture
Study of rearing of fishes
• Platyhelminthology
Study of flat worms
• Pomology
Study of fruits
• Poultry
Study which deals with keepings of foul
• Proctology
Study of hind gut including rectum and anus
• Protistology
Study of protests, !ts field of study overlaps with
more traditional disciplines of algology, mycology
and protozoology
• Psychobiolog
Study of the behavioral aspects of animals
• Reridology
Study of Pteridophyte
• Rainology
Study of nose and olfactory organs
• Saurology
Study of lizards
• Sarcology
Study of muscles
• Sericulture
Silk industry concerned with culture of silk moth and
pupa
• Serology
Study of serum; interaction of antigens and
antibodies in the blood
• Sepentology
Study of snakes
• Silvibulture
Study of the development of forest
• Sitology
Study of dietetics
• Speciology
Study of species
• Spermology
Study of seeds
• Splanchnology
Study of visceral organs
• Stomatology
Study of forget including buccal cavity and stomach
• Syndesmology
Study of bony joints and ligaments
• Taxonomy
The branch of science which deals with the study
of classification of organism
• Teratology
Study of fetal malformations
• Toxicology
Study of narcotics and the influence of narcotics
on various organisms
• Traumatology
Study of wounds and turnover
• Trichology
Study of hair
• Tropholopy
Study of nutrition
• Urobiology
Study which deals with preservation of deals deals
bodies in liquids by chemicals
• Urology
Study od wine including diseases and the abnormalities
of urinary and urino-genital tract
• Virology
Study of virus
• Zoogeography
The branch of science which deals with the study
of the distribution of animals on earth
• Zoophytology
Study of drifting microorganism such as diatoms
Branches of Biology on The
Basis of
Medical Sciences
• Gynecology
Gynecology normally means treating women who aren't
pregnant, while obstetrics deals with pregnant women
and their unborn children, but there is lots of crossover
between the two
• Orthopedics
Branch of medical science which is devoted to the
diagn osis, treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation of
injuries, disorders and diseases of the body's
musculoskeletal syst em. This system includes bones,
joints, ligaments, muscle s, nerves and tendons
• Ophthalmology
Branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy,
physiology, and diseases of the eyeba l and orbit
• Dentistry
Branch of medicine that consists of the study,
diagn osis, prevention and treatment of diseases,
disorders and conditions of the oral cavity
• Oncology
Branch of medicine that researchers, identifies and
treats cancer
• Cardiology
Branch of medicine that is concern with the diseases
and disorders of the heart, which may range from
congenital defects through to acquired heart diseas
such oronaryartery disease and congestive
i
:te. a ftJIe
• Urology
Surgical specialty that deals with the treatment of
conditions involving the male and female urinary tract
and the reproductive organs
• Nephrology
Branch of medical science that deals with diseases of
the kidneys
• Pediatrics
Branch of medicine dealing with the health and
medical care of infants, children, and adolescents
from birth up to the age of 18
• Dermatology
Branch of medicine dealing with diagnosing
and treating skin diseases affecting the skin,
hair and nails
• Physiotherapy
Branch of medicine which uses a treatment
method that focuses on the science of movements
and help people to restore, maintain and
maximize their physical strength, function,
motion and overall
weU being by addressing the underlying physical
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5. http://readbioIogy.com/main-divisions-branches-biology/
6. https://bioIoqy.homeomaqnet.com/branches-of-bioloqy/
7. https://hemantmore.orcI.in/science/biology/branches-bioIoqy/106
