GRADUATED SCALE NO.
1
Classes Degrees Periods
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 1. Death not imposed (reclusion perpetua) not divisible
2. Reclusión perpetua 20 yrs & 1 day to 40 yrs not divisible
17 yrs 4 mos 1 day to 20 yrs maximum
3. Reclusión temporal 14 yrs 8 mos 1 day to 17 yrs 4 mos medium
AFFLICTIVE
12 yrs 1 day to 14 yrs 8 mos minimum
PENALTIES
10 yrs 1 day to 12 yrs maximum
4. Prisión mayor 8 yrs 1 day to 10 yrs medium
6 yrs 1 day to 8 yrs minimum
4 yrs 2 mos 1 day to 6 yrs maximum
5. Prisión correccional 2 yrs 4 mos 1 day to 4 yrs 2 mos medium
CORRECTIONAL 6 mos 1 day to 2 yrs 4 mos minimum
PENALTIES 4 mos 1 day to 6 mos maximum
6. Arresto mayor 2 mos 1 day to 4 mos medium
1 mo 1 day to 2 mos minimum
7. Destierro
21 days to 30 days maximum
8. Arresto menor 11 days to 20 days medium
LIGHT PENALTIES
1 day to 10 days minimum
9. Public Censure not divisible
10. Fine divisible
©JAFP2020
GRADUATED SCALE NO. 2
Classes Degrees
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
1. Perpetual Absolute Disqualification not divisible
AFFLICTIVE
PENALTIES
2. Temporary Absolute Disqualification
3. Suspension from public office, the right to vote and
CORRECTIONAL
be voted for, and the right to follow a profession or divisible
PENALTIES calling
LIGHT PENALTIES 4. Public Censure not divisible
5. Fine divisible
©JAFP2020
DIAGRAM OF APPLICATION OF ARTICLES 50 TO 57
CONSUMMATED FRUSTRATED ATTEMPTED
PRINCIPALS 0 1 2
ACCOMPLICES 1 2 3
ACCESSORIES 2 3 4
Gravity Penalty Duration
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 1. Death not to be imposed (RA 9346)
2. Reclusión perpetua 20 yrs & 1 day to 40 yrs
3. Reclusión temporal 12 yrs & 1 day to 20 yrs
(and temporary disqualification)
AFFLICTIVE PENALTIES 4. Prisión mayor 6 yrs & 1 day to 12 yrs
PRINCIPAL PENALTIES
(except when disqualification is imposed as an accessory penalty, in
which case, its duration shall be that of the principal penalty)
5. Perp or temp absolute disqualification
6. Perp or temp special disqualification
7. Prisión correccional
6 mos & 1 day to 6 yrs
CORRECTIONAL 8. Suspension (except when suspension is imposed as an accessory penalty,
PENALTIES in which case, its duration shall be that of the principal penalty)
9. Destierro
10. Arresto mayor 1 mo & 1 day to 6 mos
11. Arresto menor 1 day to 30 days
LIGHT PENALTIES
12. Public Censure
Penalties common to Afflictive, 13. Fine
Correctional & Light Penalties 14. Bond to keep the peace (to cover such period determined by the court)
1. Perpetual or temporary absolute disqualification
2. Perpetual or temporary special disqualification
3. Suspension from public office, right to vote and be voted for, profession or calling
ACCESSORY
4. Civil interdiction
PENALTIES 5. Indemnification
6. Forfeiture or confiscation of instruments and proceeds of offense
7. Payment of costs
©JAFP2020
Justifying, Exempting, Absolutory, Mitigating, Aggravating, Alternative
Justifying Exempting Absolutory Mitigating Aggravating Alternative
(Art 11) (Art 12) (Arts 6, 7, 16, 20, (Art 13, Lucky 13) (Art 14, Unlucky 14) (Art 15)
247,280, 332, 344)
does not commit a commits a crime but is commits a crime but is commits a crime commits a crime commits a crime
crime, acts in exempt from criminal absolved from criminal
accordance with law liability due to absence liability by reason of
of freedom, intelligence public policy or
or intent/imprudence sentiment
no criminal or civil civil liability (except in generally civil liability penalty is reduced penalty is increased penalty is either
liability (except in Par 4 Par 4 and 7 of Art 12 of reduced or
of Art 11 of RPC RPC) increased
ordinary mitigating generic aggravating offset
offset generic ordinary mitigating
aggravating
privileged mitigating special aggravating only
lowers by one or two requires maximum period
degrees (must be
applied first)
privileged mitigating special aggravating cannot
cannot be offset by be offset by ordinary
generic aggravating mitigating
1. self defense 1. Imbecile or insane, 1. spontaneous 1. not all requisites of 1. taking advantage of 1. Relationship
unless imbecile desistance before all justifying or public position
2. defense of relative 2. Intoxication
acted during lucid acts of execution exempting are
2. in contempt or insult to
3. defense of stranger interval (Art 6) present 3. Degree of
public authorities
instruction and
4. avoidance of greater 2. 15-years under 2. frustrated or 2. under 18 or over 70
3. with insult or disregard education of
evil or injury attempted light
3. 15-years over but 3. no intent for so of rank, age or sex, or offender
felonies (except
5. fulfilment of duty or under 18-years, grave a wrong dwelling (with no
crimes against
lawful exercise of unless acted with provocation)
persons and 4. sufficient
right or office discernment
property, Art 7) provocation 4. abuse of confidence,
6. obedience to lawful 4. Accident obvious ungratefulness
3. accessories in light 5. vindictive act
order of a superior
5. Compulsion or an felonies (Art 16) (defense of relative) 5. palace or presence of
7. battered woman irresistible force President, public office,
4. accessories who are 6. passion or
syndrome or place of worship
6. Impulse of an relatives of principal obfuscation
uncontrollable fear (Art 20) 6. nighttime, uninhabited
7. voluntary surrender,
place, by a band
7. Prevented due to 5. Art 247 of RPC confession
lawful or insuperable (exceptional
8. deaf and dumb, 7. occasion of a
cause (omission) circumstances,
blind or physical conflagration, shipwreck,
surprise over
defect earthquake, epidemic,
unfaithful spouse)
other calamity or
9. diminished will
6. Art 280 of RPC misfortune
power
(qualified trespass
8. aid of armed men
to dwelling) 10. similar in nature and
analogous 9. recidivism
7. Art 332 of RPC
(relatives in theft, 10. reiteracion or habituality
swindling or estafa,
11. price, reward or promise
malicious mischief)
12. by means of inundation,
8. Art 344 (consent or
fire, poison, explosion,
pardon in certain
stranding or damage to
crimes against
vessel, derailment of
chastity)
train or involving great
9. Instigation waste and ruin
13. evident premeditation
14. craft, fraud or disguise
15. superior strength or
means to weaken
defense
16. treachery (alevosia)
17. ignominy
18. unlawful entry
19. broken wall, roof, floor,
door or window
20. aid of under 15-years old
or by means of motor
vehicle, airships or
similar means
21. cruelty (other wrong not
necessary)
