VERSES OF THE WEEK

Theme: GROWING IN JOY

Week 1 – Aug. 24- 28, 2020 “May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace as you trust in him, so that
you may overflow with hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.” Romans 15:13
Week 2 – Aug. 31- Sept.4, 2020 “You make known to me the path of life; in your presence there is fullness of
joy; at your right hand are pleasures forevermore.” Psalm 16:11

MODULE 1 – THE STUDY OF GLOBALIZATION

DEFINITION OF GLOBALIZATION

There are many varying definitions of the term globalization. These are as follows:
1. Globalization is the increasing interaction of people, states, or countries through the growth of the
international flow of money, ideas, and culture. Thus, globalization is primarily focused on economic
process of integration that has social and cultural aspects.
2. It is the interconnectedness of people and business across the world that eventually lead to global,
cultural, political, and economic integration.
3. It is the ability to move and communicate easily with others all over the world in order to conduct business
internationally.
4. It is free movement of goods, services, and people across the world in a seamless and integrated
manner.
5. It is the liberalization of countries of their impact protocols and welcome foreign investment into sectors
that are the mainstays of its economy.
6. It refers to countries acting like magnets attracting global capital by opening up their economies to
multinational corporations.

GLOBALIZATIONS AS DEFINED BY OTHER AUTHORS

1. Martin Albrow and Elizabeth King

Globalization as those processes by which the people of the world are incorporated into a single world
society.
2. Anthony Giddens (The Consequence of Modernity)
Globalization as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way
that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.
3. Roland Robertson, Professor of Sociology at the University of Aberdeen
Globalization in 1992 as the compression of the world and the intensification of the consciousness of the
world as a whole.

HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF THE TERM “GLOBALIZATION”

 1897 – Charles Taze Russell (of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society) coined a related term,
corporate giants. This term refers to the largely national trusts and other large enterprises of the time.
 1930 – the word “globalize” as a noun appeared in a publication entitled Towards New Education
where it denoted a holistic view of human experience in education.
 Late 1970’s – the word “globalization” was coined. In 2013, this term was used to mean “borderless
society” referring to international migration.
 Early part of 1981 – the term “globalization” had been used in its economic sense.
 Late half of 1980’s – Theodore Levitt popularized the term “globalization” by bringing it into the
mainstream business audience.
 Lately in 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four (4) basic aspects of globalization:
1. trade and transactions; 3. migration of knowledge;
2. capital and investment movements; 4. dissemination.
 2017 – the word “globalization” was often used in teaching, in discussion, in meetings and conferences,
in lecture and so on.
 2018 – the phenomenon of globalization is now on full swing in all academic disciplines.

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 INDICATORS OF GLOBALIZATION

The jet engine, the internet, e-banking, e-bike, e-books, the LRT, MRT, and other inventions of
science and technology are attributable to the spread of globalization.
These improvements that people enjoy today in this contemporary world have been major factors
in globalization which have generated further interdependence in economic and cultural activities among
nations.
Likewise, environmental challenges such as global warming, cross-boundary water, air pollution, and over-fishing
of the ocean are linked with globalization.

NATURE OF GLOBALIZATION

Globalization is a conglomerate of various multiple units located in the different parts of the
globe which are linked by common ownership. Multiple units draw on a common pool of resources, such
as money, credit, information, patents, trade names and control systems.
Product presence is in different markets of the world. Human resources are highly diverse.
Transactions involving intellectual properties such as copyrights, patents, trademarks, and process
technologies are across the globe.

DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

The following are the dimensions of globalization

1. Planning to expand the business on a worldwide scope.
2. Giving up the distinction between domestic and foreign market and instead developing a global outlook of
such business.
3. Locating the production and the physical facilities of the business by considering global business
dynamics irrespective of national consideration.
4. Creating product development and the physical facilities of the business by considering global business
dynamics irrespective of national consideration.
5. Global sourcing of the factors of production such as raw materials components, machinery, technology,
finance, and others that are obtained from the best source anywhere in the world.
6. Global orientation or organization structure and management culture.

REASONS FOR GLOBALIZATION

1. Rapid shaking of time and distance across the globe.

2. Domestic markets are no longer rich as a consequence of many interlocking factors.
3. Companies and institutions go global to find political and economic stability.
4. To get technological and managerial know-how of other countries due to their advancement in science,
technology, education, health, and other fields of discipline.
5. To reduce high transportation costs.
6. To be close to raw materials and to markets for their finished products.
7. The creation of World Trade Organization (WTO) had made it possible in stimulating increased cross
border trade.

STAGES OF GLOBALIZATION
There are five (5) stages of globalization
STAGE 1
The first stage is the arm’s length service activity of an essentially domestic company/institution
which moves into new market overseas by linking up with local dealers and distributors.
STAGE 2
In this stage, the company/institution takes over these activities on its own.
STAGE 3
In this stage, the domestic-based company institution begins to carry out its own manufacturing
marketing and sales in key foreign markets.
STAGE 4
In this stage, the company/institution moves to a full insider position in these markets supported
by a complete business system including Research and Development (R&D) and engineering. However,
the headquarters mentality continues to dominate.

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STAGE 5
In this stage, the company/institution moves towards a genuinely global mode of operation. In this
stage, global localization happens, that is, the company/institution serves local customers in markets
around the globe responding to their needs. This requires an organizational transition.

MERITS OF GLOBALIZATION

What can a company or an institution gets from globalization?

There are eight (8) merits or advantages.
1. Global competition and imports keep a lid on prices such that inflation is likely to disturb economic growth.
2. An open economy spurs fast innovation with fresh ideas from abroad.
3. Export jobs often pay more than other jobs.
4. Free capital flow keeps interest rates low.
5. Living standards go up faster.
6. Productivity grows more quickly when countries produce goods and services in which they are of
comparative advantage.
7. Countries liberalize their visa rules and procedures so as to permit the full flow of people from country to
country.
8. It results in freeing up the unproductive sector to investment and the productive sector to export related
activities resulting in a win-win situation for the world economy.

DEMERITS OF GLOBALIZATION

Globalization also has its disadvantage or demerits.

1. Several people lose their jobs when companies import cheap labor or materials or shift production
abroad.
2. Workers faces pay cut demands from employers who often threatens to export jobs.
3. Unregulated globalization can cause serious problems to poor and developing countries in terms of labor
force, wages, benefits, job termination, and others.
4. High foreign stake on industries where it is not necessarily needed could affect economic growth of
domestic enterprise.
5. Sovereignty of a country and company/institution may be at stake.

IMPORTANCE OF GLOBALIZATION

1. There is greater demand in business and industry, health and technology to communicate to other
countries or nations and cultures.
2. There is greater demand in local business.
3. Creating harmonious, meaningful, and workable relationship.
4. Work collaboratively to other countries or nations and cultures.

PHILOSOPHY UNDERLYING GLOBALIZATION

1. The concept of globalization has recently been widely accepted and adapted.
2. Discussion of world issues used the derivatives of “international” rather than “global” relations.
3. Some people associate globalization with progress, prosperity, and peace but some consider it to be
retrogression, disaster and decay.
4. Globalization is a complex and controversial process of the building of the world as a whole due to the
creation of global institutional structures and global cultural forms.
5. Based on the different philosophical dimensions underlying globalization is the free movement of goods,
services, and people across the world.

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

I. BRUSH UP
Answer the following questions in not less than 3 sentences.
1. What would be the working definition of globalization for your course?
2. Why is the word “globalization” given emphasis or importance in today’s contemporary world?

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 II.IMAGE CREATION
Draw or post a picture inside the box of the following data/information.

GLOBALIZATION

CYBERWORLD (The World Tomorrow)

CONTEMPORARY WORLD

III. Find and read three newspaper op-eds (local or international) or articles discussing globalization.
And write 50-word summaries of each op-ed/article, identifying what the underlying definitions of
globalization the writers use.

ADDITIONAL VIDEOS/READINGS:
 Globalization - Rise of Networks - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1wLbJoSmR0
 The Myth of Globalization - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUYNB4a8d2U

REFERENCE:

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  The Contemporary World by Dr. Mariano M. Ariola, LL.B., Ed.D,
LPThttps://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/globalization.asp

VERSES OF THE WEEK

Theme: GROWING IN JOY

Week 3 – Sept. 7- 11, 2020 “Your testimonies are my heritage forever, for they are the joy of my heart.”
Psalm 119:111
Week 4 – Sept. 14-18, 2020 “Though you have not seen him, you love him. Though you do not now see him,
you believe in him and rejoice with joy that is inexpressible and filled with glory.” 1 Peter 1:8
Week 5 – Sept. 21-25, 2020 “For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of
righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit.” Romans 14:17

MODULE 2
THE STRUCTURES OF GLOBALIZATION

• GLOBAL ECONOMY
The international exchange of goods and services expressed in money

• GLOBAL ECONOMY OR ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION

Concerned on the globalization of production, finance, markets, technology, organizational regimes,
corporations, and labor.

• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and World Trade Organization

Made countries to cut down trade and barriers and open up their current accounts and capital accounts.

• MARKET INTEGRATION
When prices among different location or related goods follow the same patterns over a long period of time

• INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION (IFIS)

An international financial institution is employed by more than one country and therefore are subjects to
international law.

• The INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION (IFIS) are:

1. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
2. Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)
 World Bank Group  Inter-American Development Bank
 African Development Bank  European Bank for Reconstruction
 Asian Development Bank and Development

• MEMBERSHIP COMPOSITION
 Only sovereign countries are admitted as member-owner
 Broad country membership to include borrowing developing countries and developed donor countries
 Membership in regional development banks include countries around the world as members
 Has its own independent legal and operational states

• MAIN OBJECTIVES
 IMF provides temporary financial assistance to member countries to help ease balance of payments
adjustments
 MDBs provide financing for development to developing countries

• GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM

World-systems are defined by the existence of a division of labor. The modern world-system has a multi-
state political structure and therefore its division of labor is international division of labor.

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 In the modern world-system, the division of labor consists of three zones according to prevalence of
profitable industries or activities: core, semi-periphery and periphery.
Countries fall into one or another of these interdependent zones core countries, semi-periphery countries
and the periphery countries. Resources are redistributed from the underdeveloped, typically raw
materials-exporting, poor part of the world (the periphery) to developed, industrializes core.
World-systems, past and modern world-systems, have temporal features. Cyclical rhythms represent the
short-term fluctuation of economy, while secular trends mean deeper long run tendencies, such as
general economic growth or decline.
The world-systems theory stresses that the world-systems (and not nation states) should be the basic unit
of social analysis. Thus, we should focus not on individual states, but on the relations between their
groupings (core, semi-periphery, and periphery).

• GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
Global governance or world governance is a movement towards political cooperation
among transnational actors, aimed at negotiating responses to problems that affect more than one state
or region.
Institutions of global governance—the United Nations, the International Criminal Court, the World Bank,
etc.—tend to have limited or fixed power to enforce compliance. Global governance involves multiple
states including international organizations with one state having more of a lead role than the rest.
The modern question of world governance exists in the context of globalization and globalizing regimes of
power: politically, economically and culturally. In response to the acceleration of
worldwide interdependence, both between human societies and between humankind and the biosphere,
the term "global governance" may name the process of designating laws, rules, or regulations intended
for a global scale.

• EFFECTS OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

According to the disciplining hypothesis, globalization restrains governments by inducing increased
budgetary pressure. As a consequence, governments may attempt to limit the welfare state.

• WORLD SYSTEM
World system deals with inter-regional and transnational division of labor, which divides the world into
core countries, semi-periphery countries, and periphery countries. Core countries focus on higher skill,
capital-intensive production, and the rest of the world focuses on low-skill, labor-intensive production and
extraction of raw materials.

• THE UNITED NATIONS

The name "United Nations", coined by United States President
Franklin D. Roosevelt was first used in the Declaration by United
Nations of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when
representatives of 26 nations pledged their Governments to continue
fighting together against the Axis Powers.
In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at
the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw
up the United Nations Charter. Those delegates deliberated on the
basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and
the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States in August-October 1944.
The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was
not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 Member States.
The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified
by China, France, the Soviet Union (Russia today), the United Kingdom, the United States and by a
majority of other signatories. United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 October each year.

• PERMANENT AND NON-PERMANENT MEMBERS

The Council is composed of 15 Members: Five permanent members: China, France, Russian
Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and ten non-permanent members elected for
two-year terms by the General Assembly (with end of term year):
 Belgium (2020)
 Estonia (2021)  Indonesia (2020)  South Africa (2020)
 Germany (2020)  Niger (2021)  Tunisia (2021)

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 Viet Nam (2021)  Saint Vincent and the
 Dominican Republic (2020) Grenadines (2021)

• How does a country become a Member of the United Nations?

Membership in the Organization, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, “is open to all
peace-loving States that accept the obligations contained in the United Nations Charter and, in the
judgment of the Organization, are able to carry out these obligations”. States are admitted to membership
in the United Nations by decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security
Council.

• How does a new State or Government obtain recognition by the United Nations?
The recognition of a new State or Government is an act that only other States and Governments may
grant or withhold. It generally implies readiness to assume diplomatic relations. The United Nations is
neither a State nor a Government, and therefore does not possess any authority to recognize either a
State or a Government. As an organization of independent States, it may admit a new State to its
membership or accept the credentials of the representatives of a new Government.
 The procedure is briefly as follows:
1. The State submits an application to the Secretary-General and a letter formally stating that it
accepts the obligations under the Charter.
2. The Security Council considers the application. Any recommendation for admission must receive
the affirmative votes of 9 of the 15 members of the Council, provided that none of its five
permanent members — China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America — have voted against the
application.
3. If the Council recommends admission, the recommendation is presented to the General
Assembly for consideration. A two-thirds majority vote is necessary in the Assembly for admission
of a new State.
4. Membership becomes effective the date the resolution for admission is adopted.

• THE UNITED NATIONS

The main organs of the UN are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and
Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN
Secretariat. All were established in 1945 when the UN was founded.

 GENERAL ASSEMBLY
The General Assembly is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN.
All 193 Member States of the UN are represented in the General Assembly, making it the only UN
body with universal representation. Each year, in September, the full UN membership meets in the
General Assembly Hall in New York for the annual General Assembly session, and general debate,
which many heads of state attend and address. Decisions on important questions, such as those on
peace and security, admission of new members and budgetary matters, require a two-thirds majority
of the General Assembly. Decisions on other questions are by simple majority. The General
Assembly, each year, elects a GA President to serve a one-year term of office.

 SECURITY COUNCIL
The Security Council has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of
international peace and security. It has 15 Members (5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members).
Each Member has one vote.

 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

The Economic and Social Council is the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue
and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as implementation of
internationally agreed development goals. It serves as the central mechanism for activities of the UN
system and its specialized agencies in the economic, social and environmental fields, supervising
subsidiary and expert bodies.

 TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
The Trusteeship Council was established in 1945 by the UN Charter to provide international
supervision for 11 Trust Territories that had been placed under the administration of seven Member

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 States and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government and
independence. By 1994, all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence. The
Trusteeship Council suspended operation on 1 November 1994. By a resolution adopted on 25 May
1994, the Council amended its rules of procedure to drop the obligation to meet annually and agreed
to meet as occasion required -- by its decision or the decision of its President, or at the request of a
majority of its members or the General Assembly or the Security Council.

 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. Its seat is at the
Peace Palace in the Hague (Netherlands). It is the only one of the six principal organs of the United
Nations not located in New York (United States of America). The Court’s role is to settle, in
accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory
opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized
agencies.

 SECRETARIAT
The Secretariat comprises the Secretary-General and tens of thousands of international UN staff
members who carry out the day-to-day work of the UN as mandated by the General Assembly and
the Organization's other principal organs. The Secretary-General is chief administrative officer of the
Organization, appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for
a five-year, renewable term.

LEARNING ACTIVITES

A. Group discussion
Choose your own group of 5 member. Discuss on your group on the notion that “global free trade has
done more harm than good.”
Write your answer as a group and send it to me by schoology app, messenger or on my email.

B. Movie critique
Film: “The Corporation” directed by Mark Achbar and Jennifer Abbot

C. Dressing Up
On the discussion of United Nations and its functions. Choose one (1) country in the United Nation and
make their national flag and dress up their national costume. (Use any materials that can be seen in your
place)
Send a picture of you wearing their national costume and their flag.

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VERSES OF THE WEEK

Theme: GROWING IN JOY

Week 5 – Sept. 21-25, 2020 “For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of
righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit.” Romans 14:17

MODULE 3
A WORLD OF REGIONS

• A WORLD OF REGIONS: ASIA AND EUROPE IN THE AMERICAN IMPERIUM

IMPERIUM - a supreme power or absolute dominion and the right to command or to employ the force of the
state

In this study of Asian and European regionalism, Peter Katzenstein claims that world politics is built around
regions that have been deeply influenced by the United States' postwar "imperium."

At the deepest level, these regions were given their distinctive shape by American power, global designs, and
ties to Germany and Japan -- and the economic and security institutions that these allies built in the shadow
of the Cold War.

NORTH-SOUTH DIVIDE

The North-South divide is broadly considered a socio-economic and political divide.

• GLOBAL NORTH: United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand
• GLOBAL SOUTH: African, Latin America, Asia (including the Middle East)

GLOBAL NORTH

The North is home to all the members of the G8 and four of the five permanent members of the United Nations
Security Council.
The North mostly covers the West and the First World, along with much of the Second War.
The South largely corresponds with the Third World.
The North may be defined as the richer, more developed region.

GLOBAL SOUTH

The South as the poorer, less developed region, many more factors differentiate between the two global areas.
95% of the North have enough food and shelter.
The Global South “lacks appropriate technology, it has no political stability, the economies are
disarticulated, and their foreign exchange earnings depend on primary product exports.”
In economic terms, the North controls the four-fifths of the income earned anywhere in the world.
90% of the manufacturing industries are owned by and located in the North.

As nations become economically developed, they may become part of the “North”, regardless of geographical
location.
Any nations that do not qualify for “developed” status are in effect deemed to be part of the “South”.

The Global South is a term that has been emerging in the transnational and postcolonial studies to refer to what
may also be called the “Third World”.
And can be called as “developing countries,” “less developed countries,” and “less developed region.”
In general, it refers to those countries’ “interconnected histories of colonialism, neo-imperialism, and differential
economic and social change through which large inequalities in living standards, life expectancy, and access to
resources are maintained.

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• How the “Third World” became the Global South: The Origins of the Third World
“Third World” was coined in 1952 by Alfred Sauvy, a French demographer, anthropologist, and economic
historian who compared it with the Third Estate, a concept that emerged in the context of the French
Revolution.
Most people in the Third World, though rules by European colonies, lived far from global sources of economic,
political, and military power.
Opposition to domination by the First World (colonization) also grew through increasing migration and travel,
including that stimulated by the two World Wars.
Many troops who had participated in these wars, particularly on the allied side, were from what soon to be
called the Third World.

• GLOBAL CONCEPTION EMERGED FROM THE EXPERIENCES OF LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES

Growth rate in Latin American countries have surprised many.
They have been continuously high for some years and promise to be so in the next period as well.
Latin American’s contributions are especially visible and relevant such as regionalism, security management,
and Latin America’s relations with the outside world.

• ASIAN REGIONALISM
Asian Regionalism is the product of economic interaction, not political planning
In the early stages of Asia’s economic takeoff, regional integration proceeded slowly.
East Asian economies focused on exporting to developed country markets rather than selling to each other.
The Japanese economist Akamatsu, famously compared this pattern of development to flying geese.
In these models, economies moved in formation not because they were directly linked to each other, but
because they followed similar paths.

• REGIONALISM vs GLOBALIZATION
Regionalism is the process of dividing an area into smaller segments called regions.
Example: The division of nation into states or provinces.
On the other hand, globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of
world views, products, ideas, and technology.
As to nature, globalization promotes the integration of economics across state borders all around the world,
but regionalization is precisely the opposite because it is dividing an area into smaller segments.
As to market, globalization allows many companies to trade on international level, so it allows free market
but in regionalized system, monopolies are likely to develop.
As to cultural and societal relations, globalization accelerate to multiculturalism by free and inexpensive
movement of people but in regionalization does not support this.
As to aid, globalized international community is also more willing to come to the aid of a country stricken by a
natural disaster but a regionalized system does not get involved in the affairs of other areas.
As to technological advances, globalization has driven great advances in technology, but advanced
technology is rarely available in one country or region.

• FACTORS LEADING TO THE GREATER INTEGRATION OF THE ASIAN REGIONS

Regional integration is a process in which neighboring states enter into an agreement in order to upgrade
cooperation through common institutions and rules.
The objectives of the agreement could range from economic to political to environmental.
Regional integration has been organized either via supranational institutional structures or through
intergovernmental decision-making, or a combination of both.
Past efforts at regional integration have often focused on removing barriers to free trade in the region,
increasing the free movement of people, labor, goods and capital across national borders, reducing the
possibility of regional armed conflict and adopting cohesive regional stances on policy issues.
Intra-regional trade refers to trade which focuses on economic exchange primarily between countries of the
same region or economic zone.
In recent years countries within economic-trade regimes such as ASEAN in Southeast Asia for example have
increased the level of trade and commodity exchange between themselves which reduces the inflation and
tariff barriers associated with foreign markets resulting in growing prosperity.

LEARNING ACTIVITY

I. IMAGE CREATION

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 In a short bondpaper, make an image of global south and global north (based on your own
understanding).

Reviewed by: EPHRAIM P. MAGUAD, LPT, MEd

Program Head

Approved by: MARILYN T. ALCALA, LPT, PhD

Dean

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